Quiz 1

Problem 1 (70 marks)

A cylinder has inside and outside radii = 10 mm and = 40 mm. The material yields in
tension at stress
= 250 MPa. Yielding to an intermediate radius c is produced by internal
is released, material at the internal surface,
, is on the verge of
pressure . After
reversed yielding. Determine and .
Problem 2 (30 marks)
A tension link, shown in the figure below, is used in earth-moving equipment and is
subjected to static tensile load = 170 kN. The link contains an internal through crack that is
= 400 MPa and
= 60 MPam1/2,
20 mm long. If the link is made from A517 steel which
determine the factor of safety against brittle fracture.
P

20 mm
40 mm
60 mm

P
Side view

Use Feddersons solution for the stress intensity factor

where

is the width of the of the plate and

sec

is the half of the crack length.

Quiz 2

Problem 1 [50 marks] (Exam 2008)

A ductile steel specimen is subjected to a pure shear test and observed to yield when the shear
stress reaches 80 MPa. If the specimen were subjected to a uniaxial tension test, at what
extensional stress would you expect yielding to occur using (a) the maximum shear-stress
criterion (Tresca criterion) and (b) the von Mises criterion?
Problem 2 [50 marks] (Supp Exam 2012)
Consider a thick-walled solid cylinder with 0.5 m outer radius and 0.4 m inner radius loaded
by the internal pressure . The pressure vessel has an edge defect (edge crack) at the outer
surface of 10 mm length. The fracture toughness of the material is 10 MPa . At which
pressure the pressure vessel will fail due to crack propagation.

0.4

Defect (crack)

0.5

0.01

Quiz 3
Problem 1 [50 marks] (Exam 2012)
A thick-walled cylinder ( = 250 MPa) of inner radius = 50 mm is subjected to an internal
= 60 MPa. Determine (based on the maximum shear stress theory Tresca
pressure of
theory) the outer radius such as to provide
(a) A factor of safety
(b) A factor of safety

= 2.5 against yielding;

= 3 against ultimate collapse.

Problem 2 [50 marks] (Supp Exam 2010)

= 23 MPa m1/2 is used as a tension
A 2024-T851 Al-alloy pipe, with fracture toughness,
member. The pipe has an outer diameter of 0.8 m and wall thickness 5 mm. An inspection of
the pipe locates a circumferential through the thickness crack of length 10 mm. Calculate the
critical failure load.

Quiz 4
Problem 1 [75 marks]
A thick-walled cylindrical pressure vessel has autofrettaged to be prior to its use for a highpressure chemical process. The outer radius, = 1.25 m, the inner radius is 1 m, and 40% of
the wall thickness has to be brought into the plastic range of the alloy steel which has a yield
stress of 500 MPa. Calculate the radial and hoop residual stresses at the inner surface when
the applied pressure is released.
Problem 2 [25 marks]
A large panel is to be used in an aerospace application is loaded in-plane by a distributed
tensile load of 500kN/m and compressive load 300kN/m acting in perpendicular directions.
The panel must have a small cut-out to insure an internal access. Find the required thickness
of the panel if the cut-out is made having the shape of a circular hole and the design tensile
stress is 300 MPa.

Quiz 5
Problem 1 [60 marks]
A thick-walled cylindrical pressure vessel has autofrettaged to be prior to its use for a highpressure chemical process. The outer radius, = 1.25 m, the inner radius is 1 m, and 40% of
the wall thickness has to be brought into the plastic range of the alloy steel which has a yield
stress of 500 MPa. Calculate the radial and hoop residual stresses at the elasto-plastic
interface when the applied pressure is released.

Problem 2 (40 marks)

A welded structure is to be fabricated from large sheets of 0.45C-Ni-Cr-Mo steel. The
detection limit of available NDT techniques limits the critical defect size to sizes > 3 mm, as
cracks smaller than this are not detectable. A design stress level of half the tensile strength is
proposed.
To save weight in the structure it has been suggested that the steel could be heat treated to a
higher tensile strength level. The current grade has a tensile strength of 1520 MPa, and a
candidate replacement grade has a 2070 MPa strength level.
(a) Is this change supportable in fracture mechanics terms?
(b) Compare the allowable stress levels, and hence weights, in both grades of steel for an
allowable initial defect size of approximately 5 mm.

Fracture Toughness,
MPa m1/2

80

60

40

1400

1600

1800

2000

Tensile strength, MPa

2200

Quiz 6:
Problem 1 [60 marks] (Exam 2006)
A thin-walled tube is subjected to an axial load producing a positive (tensile) axial stress,
. For the case when no other loads or constraints act on the material, plastic yielding will
begin when the axial stress is increased to the level of the tensile yield stress
of the
material.

1) Now, suppose that this tube (with closed ends) is subjected to the tensile load as well as an
internal pressure (not large enough by itself to cause yielding). Based on Tresca criterion,
select the right answer (a) (d) (show work)
2) Suppose that this tube is subjected to the tensile load as well as a twisting moment (not
large enough by itself to cause yielding). Based on Tresca criterion, select the right answer
(a) (d) (show work)
3) Suppose that this thin tube (with closed ends) is subjected to the tensile load as well as an
external pressure (not large enough by itself to cause yielding). Based on Tresca criterion,
select the right answer (a) (d) (show work)
4) Suppose that a rigid mandrel is fitted inside the tube prior to application of the tensile load.
Based on Tresca criterion, select the right answer (a) (d) (show work)
Answers:
(a) the applied axial stress at which yielding occurs will be less than

(b) the applied axial stress at which yielding occurs will be equal to

(c) the applied axial stress at which yielding occurs will be greater than
(d) no plastic yielding will occur.

Problem 2 [40 Marks]

A large panel is to be used in an aerospace application is loaded in-plane by a distributed
tensile load of 500kN/m and compressive load 300kN/m acting in perpendicular directions.
(a) The panel must have a small cut-out to insure an internal access. Find the required
thickness of the panel if the cut-out is made having the shape of a circular hole and
the design tensile stress is 300 MPa.
(b) The stress intensity factors for a very small crack of length
, emanating from the
hole.