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Aumento de M, y p
T3t)
T bi C
Turbine
Cooling
li
Cooling
g air
Single pass
Multi-pass
Thermal Barrier
Coating
Clappered
+ 4% efficiency
1st generation:
1984
Honeycomb
construction
2nd generation:
1995
DB/SPF
construction
Valores tpicos del rendimiento motor en los turbofanes actuales: alrededor del 50%
Rendimiento propulsivo
Cambio de configuracin
Situacin actual
COSTOS:
Aircraft
System
y
Airframe
Interest
19.9%
Airframe
Depreciation
23.3%
G
Goal:
l 50% Reduction
R d ti in
i
Engine Cost of Ownership
Flight
Crew
11 8%
11.8%
Cabin
Crew
6.2%
Fuel
12.9%
AF Maint.
5.2%
Insurance
2.2% Land
Fee
2.9%
Engine
Engine
Maint. Depreciation
6.4%
4.1%
Engine
Interest
5.5%
Engine
Controlled
Costs
Manta.
18.3%
Depreciation
28.5%
Fuel
28.7%
Interest
24.5%
Assumed
Proportional
to Cost
Limitaciones de ruido
Ejemplos de objetivos
Actuaciones :
Thermal and
Propulsive
Efficiency
4.5%
Total Fuel
B
Burn
B
Benefit
fit
Lightweight Structures
Thrust/Weight
Ratio *
10%
5.5%
Advanced Materials
Design Tools
Rubber Aircraft Benefit **
S
Swept
t fans
f
Alternativas
Remover el eje de baja : permite diseos del compresor de alta con ri/re ms bajos,
mejorando el rendimiento del compresor de alta : Turbofanes paralelo
C
Concepto
t ya explorado
l d
Large diameter
duct
Contra-rotating
fan
Gas generator
Contra-rotating
turbine
Flying wing
Nuevos conceptos
= u (V 2 V 1 )
u = r
En resumen los turbofanes con reductor ofrecen:
Baja velocidad del fan
Baja relacin de compresin del fan y velocidad de salida del secundario
Alt rendimiento
Alto
di i t propulsivo
l i
Bajo ruido del fan y del chorro
Reducir costos de mantenimiento
Y evita los inconvenientes de los fanes movidos directamente
Bajo rendimiento del compresor de baja y la turbina de baja
Aumento de la longitud global del motor y del peso, especialmente de los componentes del eje de baja
El concepto no es nuevo
Otras tecnologas
Utilizacin de cambiadores de calor entre el flujo secundario y el flujo primario:
Permite la utilizacin del elevadas relaciones de compresin
p
g
globales
Reduce el trabajo del compresor
Reducir emisiones de NOx
Desarrollo de rotor abiertos contrarotatorios, con palas de paso variable pueden proporcionar
reducciones de consumo de combustible del 10 al 15%, pero son ms ruidosos que los fanes de
alta relacin de derivacin
derivacin.
Progresos recientes en modelos y diseos aeroacusticos pueden permitir que esta arquitectura
sea reconsiderada para corto/medio radio de accin
Resumen
Pylon/aircraft mounted
engine
i
systems controller
connected to engine via
di it l hi
digital
highway
h
All engine
accessories
electrically
driven
COMPONENTES
% Cost
15.6*
14.6*
6.1
4.7
12 5*
12.5*
11 8*
11.8*
Combustor
3.9
4.4
g Pressure Turbine
High
7.5
14.0*
20.4*
16.7*
Frames
16.3*
15.0*
11.4*
8.7
3.5
3.3
28
2.8
68
6.8
100
100
Fan Assembly
Booster
High Pressure Compressor
Total
*M
Major
j C
Contributors
t ib t
Aluminum
Fan Case
Swept Wide
Chord Fan
Blade for High
Specific Flow
Aluminum
Frame with
Integrated
OGV s
Blade-Out
Load-Reduction
L
d R d ti
Device
Low Radius
Ratio
Hi h Flow,
High
Fl
High
Hi h Efficiency,
Effi i
Lightweight
Li ht i ht Fan
F
Turbine Aerodynamics
Conventional
- 6-10C
6 10C B
Benefit
fit iin EGT Margin
M
i
3D Aero
OTRAS ACTUACIONES
Main
Pilot
Double-annular combustor
Main
Pilot
PROGRAMAS EUROPEOS
Referencias y lecturas
Defining Technologies for the Next Millennium, Dave Fancher, Aug. 12, 1999
Flying with the Next generation Engine Technology. Dr Dale Carlson. Executive Director for Advanced Engine
Systems, GE.
The International Air Cargo Association: Volatile Oil prices, Beijing, China. Melvyn Heard, April 10, 2006. GE
The Gas Turbine of the Future. Philip J. haley, Rolls Royce Corporation, Indianapolis, Indiana, dec 4, 2000.
Driving the Technological Edge in Airbreathing Propulsion. K. Steffens, R. Walter,MTU AeroEngines, D-80976
Mnchen, Germany
Active Core Technology within the NEWAC Research Program for Cleaner and More Efficient AeroEngines. S.
bock, W. horn, G. Wilfert and J. Sieber, MTU AeroEngines
New Environmental Friendly Aeroengine Core Concepts. G. Wilfert, J. Sieber. (MTU AeroEngines). A. Rolt, N.
Baker (Rolls-Royce). A. Touyeras (Snecma). S. Coantuoni (Avio). ISABE 2007.
The Geared Turbofan Technology Opportunities, Challenges and Readiness Status. C. Riegle, C. Bichlmaier,
MTU AeroEngines.
NEWAC. New AeroEngine Core Concepts. AeroEngine Technology for Environmentally Friendly Aircraft.
DREAM. Validation of Radical Engine Architecture Systems. 2007 Rolls-Royce
Focused Investment in Technology. C. Smith, Director-Engineering and Technology, Rolls-Royce, 20 Jun. 2006
Steps toward a Practical Ultra-High Bypass Ratio Propulsion System Design. D. Perkins, Engine Systems
Branch, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland Ohio, Jul 26, 2007.
ASD: Aero Space and Defense. Industries Association of europe. Annual Convection, Barcelona 2007.
Sustainable Aviation. Novation Aero Consulting (Former Airbus CTO)
preguntas ?