CHAPTER 1......

7
Executive Summary..7
Introduction.8 History
of Coca-Cola...11
Bottling15
Landmarks...16 Geographic
Spread..17 Brand
Portfolio....17 Logo
Design....19 Various types of
models..19
Shareholders20 History of
Pepsi...21 The Rise of the
company.22
Marketing.23 Rivalry with
Coca-Cola...28
Shareholders30 Various
collaborations and takeovers of Coca-Cola and Pepsi...31 Pepsi
Paradox: Sweet Sorrow.33 CHAPTER
234 Literature
Review..37 Consumer
Preferences....37 Target
Group..39
Brand..40
Perceived Quality...42
Sponsorship....42
Individual factors...44 Celebrity
Endorsement...45 Overview of
Market Past & Present....46 Page | 5

6. Competition Between PepsiCo and Coca-Cola brands Milestones & Products (Three
Levels of Product).....47 Competitor Capabilities
Matrix..50 Different Competitor
Analysis.......51 Place, Price &
Promotion...52 SWOT
Analysis..56 Brand
Equity..58 Segmenting
Consumer Markets.59 Advertising
Campaign...60 Ansoff
Models...63 Current & Future
Strategies...65 CHAPTER

3....66 Research
Methodology....67 Objective of
Study....67 Purpose of the
study..68 Research
Design....69 Data collection
method..71 Instrument use
(Questionnaire)..71 Sample
determination....72
Sampling....73
Hypothesis Development...74
Statement of the problem..76
CHAPTER 4.................................................................................................77 Analysis
& Interpretation with graphs & pie-charts.78 Discussion of
findings and interesting facts with tables & pie-charts97 CHAPTER
5..108 Suggestions for
Pepsi.109 Conclusion, a
proposed action plan with resource requirements..110
Recommendation...111 Page | 6

7. Competition Between PepsiCo and Coca-Cola brands

BIBLIOGRAPHY.112
ANNEXURE..114
Questionnaire.115
CONTENTS Executive Summary Introduction History of Coca-Cola Bottling
Landmarks Geographic Spread Brand Portfolio Logo Design Various types of
models Shareholders History of Pepsi The Rise of the company Marketing Page |
7

8. Competition Between PepsiCo and Coca-Cola brands Rivalry with Coca-Cola

Shareholders Various collaborations and takeovers of Coca-Cola and Pepsi Pepsi
Paradox: Sweet Sorrow

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The existence of soft drinks and beverages can be said to be
as old as the civilization of man. Soft drinks are generally known as refreshers because a
man feels the need of a refreshing drink in order to quench his thirst, and overcome
fatigue or boredom. People consume soft drinks like Coca-Cola or Pepsi Cola not only to
quench the thirst but because of the taste and ready availability. The advertisement
campaigns of the soft drink companied also play a significant role in prompting the
peoples preferences for soft drinks. The conventional Indian soft drinks include
lemonade, butter milk, lassi etc. With the colonization by the British, India got
westernized and synthetic soft drinks, which were part of the dominant life style of the

western world, got introduced into India. This Study Report This Study Report deals with
Competitive position and Consumption pattern of consumers relating to cola flavored soft
drinks in Chandigarh. The Research has been carried out through a survey/questionnaire
for obtaining the preferences and consumption pattern of consumers in respect of CocaCola and Pepsi Cola. It has been found that Coca-Cola has a good market potential in
Chandigarh city as compared to Pepsi Cola and that consumers prefer Coca-Cola because
of its superior taste and brand image. It was, however, expressed Page | 8

9. Competition Between PepsiCo and Coca-Cola brands by the consumers that they
expect some improvements from Pepsi in order to compete better with Coca-Cola. These
two brands instill life to water by adding carbon dioxide, a tasteless, odorless, natural gas,
and other ingredients to cater to the taste buds of the consumers.

INTRODUCTION

The Customer Survey undertaken for this project was conducted to establish a
comparative study between Coca-Cola and Pepsi-Cola, and necessary data collected from
nearby food joints, serving Coca-Cola and Pepsi. The areas selected were in the city of
Chandigarh, India. It is possible that the responses to similar surveys conducted in other
cities and countries, may be at variance with those obtained from Chandigarh. In the first
place, advertising is still the number one communication tool for businesses promotion.
Large scale changes in technology has required companies to implement other
promotional strategies, other than traditional marketing communication tools. However,
as a consequence of long-term changes, such as the increase of a larger and more diverse
range of media, as well as the arrival of new technologies, particularly the Internet,
consumers have become better informed than ever, and as a result, some of the traditional
advertising methods are no longer as effective as they used to be (www.economist.com).
The overall objective of this proposal is to gain a deeper understanding of different
international and local factors affecting consumer preferences in the local market
scenario. Specifically, the intention is to explore the effect of international wellrecognized advertising campaigns have on consumers buying needs and preferences. The
study also aims to establish whether or not there is a relationship between the influences
of the above mentioned factors on the Page | 9

10. Competition Between PepsiCo and Coca-Cola brands consumers choice of

homogenous products. The research has been limited to the cola drink industry, rather
than the entire soft-drink industry. Although consumer perceptions on international
brands marketing strategies have been studied, the focus of the investigation will be on
Coca-Colas and Pepsis advertisement and sponsorship as well as the marketing of their
brands. Instead, firms have increasingly employed other marketing tools, such as
corporate sponsorship of sports, arts and cultural events to name a few (Ruth, 2003).
Sponsorship is claimed to be the worlds fastest growing form of marketing, and in 2001,
worldwide spending was estimated to be as much as $24.6 billion. Moreover, sponsorship
activities are applied with the belief that companies can enter international markets and
appeal to local consumer preferences (Dolphin, 2003). This promotional tool has proved
to be successful in reaching a large global audience, and seeing as consumer behaviour

differs greatly in preferences and product choices, it is apparent why sponsorship has
outperformed other marketing methods (http://geoff.cox.free.fr). As a result of
globalization, the use of advertisement across cultural borders has grown immensely, and
while one expert claims that the average person is daily exposed to 1,600 advertisements,
another expert estimates the total number to be as much as 5,000 a day(Armstrong, 2005)
, from billboards to bumper stickers to logos on caps and T-shirts
(www.thegredecompany.com). Seeing as advertising clutter has increased tremendously
and is more intense than ever, it is vital that companies differentiate themselves from
competitors by creating even more powerful, entertaining, and innovative advertisement
messages. However, this has proven to be very costly, especially within highly
competitive product markets, such as the soft-drink industry, which requires higher
advertising budgets just to stay even with competitors. Examples of such companies that
spend billions of dollars on advertising in order to stay key players in their industry are
The Coca-Cola Company and PepsiCo (http://business.enotes.com).Not only are CocaCola and Pepsi dominant market leaders on the worldwide beverage market, but they are
also two of the most notable and widely sold commercial Page | 10

11. Competition Between PepsiCo and Coca-Cola brands brands in the world
(http://en.wikipedia.org), and annually spend billions of dollars on advertising
campaigns. In 2004, Coca-Colas worldwide advertising budget exceeded $1.5 billion,
while Pepsis advertising expenditure totalled $1.3 billion (www.mind-advertising.com).
Coca- Colas advertising has always been celebrated globally, and introduced its first
advertising theme in the early 1900's and has since seen plenty of popular themes that
have become recognised worldwide (www.coke.com). Today, Coca-Cola depends heavily
on images of happiness and togetherness, tradition and nationalism, whereas Pepsi
relies more on the appeal of celebrities, popular music, and young people in their
television commercials (www.geocities.com). Pepsi (stylized in lowercase as Pepsi,
formerly stylized in uppercase as PEPSI) is a carbonated soft drink that is produced and
manufactured by PepsiCo. Created and developed in 1893 and introduced as Brad's
Drink, it was renamed as Pepsi-Cola on August 28, 1898, then to Pepsi in 1961. CocaCola is a carbonated soft drink sold in stores, restaurants, and vending machines
throughout the world. It is produced by The Coca-Cola Company of Atlanta, Georgia,
and is often referred to simply as Coke. Originally intended as a patent medicine when it
was invented in the late 19th century by John Pemberton, Coca-Cola was bought out by
businessman Asa Griggs Candler, whose marketing tactics led Coke to its dominance of
the world soft-drink market throughout the 20th century. The company produces
concentrate, which is then sold to licensed Coca-Cola bottlers throughout the world. The
bottlers, who hold territorially exclusive contracts with the company, produce finished
product in cans and bottles from the concentrate in combination with filtered water and
sweeteners. The bottlers then sell, distribute and merchandise Coca-Cola to retail stores
and vending machines. The Coca-Cola Company also sells concentrate for soda fountains
to major restaurants and food service distributors. The Coca-Cola Company has, on
occasion, introduced other cola drinks under the Coke brand name. The most common of
these is Diet Coke, with others including Caffeine-Free Coca-Cola, Diet Coke Page | 11

12. Competition Between PepsiCo and Coca-Cola brands Caffeine-Free, Coca-Cola

Cherry, Coca-Cola Zero, Coca-Cola Vanilla, and special versions with lemon, lime or
coffee. In 2013, Coke products could be found in over 200 countries worldwide, with
consumers downing more than 1.8 billion company beverage servings each day. Based on
Interbrand's best global brand 2011, Coca-Cola was the world's most valuable brand.
History Of Coca-Cola

19TH CENTURY HISTORICAL ORIGINS

Eagle Drug and Chemical House, Columbus, Georgia Believed to be the first coupon
ever, this ticket for a free glass of Coca-Cola was first distributed in 1888 to help promote
the drink. By 1913, the company had redeemed 8.5 million tickets. Page | 12

13. Competition Between PepsiCo and Coca-Cola brands This Coca-Cola advertisement
from 1943 is still displayed in the small city of Minden, Louisiana. Colonel John
Pemberton was wounded in the Civil War, became addicted to morphine, and began a
quest to find a substitute to the dangerous opiate. The prototype Coca-Cola recipe was
formulated at Pemberton's Eagle Drug and Chemical House, a drugstore in Columbus,
Georgia, originally as a coca wine. He may have been inspired by the formidable success
of Vin Mariani, a European coca wine. In 1885, Pemberton registered his French Wine
Coca nerve tonic. In 1886, when Atlanta and Fulton County passed prohibition
legislation, Pemberton responded by developing Coca-Cola, essentially a nonalcoholic
version of French Wine Coca. The first sales were at Jacob's Pharmacy in Atlanta,
Georgia, on May 8, 1886. It was initially sold as a patent medicine for five cents a glass
at soda fountains, which were popular in the United States at the time due to the belief
that carbonated water was good for the health. Pemberton claimed Coca-Cola cured many
diseases, including morphine addiction, dyspepsia, neurasthenia, headache, and
impotence. Pemberton ran the first advertisement for the beverage on May 29 of the same
year in the Atlanta Journal. By 1888, three versions of Coca-Cola sold by three separate
businesses were on the market. A copartnership had been formed on January 14, 1888
between Pemberton and four Atlanta businessmen: J.C. Mayfield, A.O. Murphey; C.O.
Mullahy and E.H. Bloodworth. Not codified by any signed document, a verbal statement
given by Asa Candler years later asserted under testimony that he had acquired a stake in
Pemberton's company as early as 1887. John Pemberton declared that the Page | 13

14. Competition Between PepsiCo and Coca-Cola brands name "Coca-Cola" belonged to
his son, Charley, but the other two manufacturers could continue to use the formula.
Charley Pemberton's record of control over the "Coca-Cola" name was the underlying
factor that allowed for him to participate as a major shareholder in the March 1888 CocaCola Company incorporation filing made in his father's place. More so for Candler
especially, Charley's position holding exclusive control over the "Coca-Cola" name
continued to be a thorn in his side. Asa Candler's oldest son, Charles Howard Candler,
authored a book in 1950 published by Emory University. In this definitive biography
about his father, Candler specifically states: "...on April 14, 1888, the young druggist

[Asa Griggs Candler] purchased a one-third interest in the formula of an almost

completely unknown proprietary elixir known as Coca-Cola." Old German Coca-Cola
bottle opener. The deal was actually between John Pemberton's son Charley and Walker,
Candler & Co. - with John Pemberton acting as cosigner for his son. For $50 down and
$500 in 30 days, Walker, Candler & Co. obtained all of the one-third interest in the CocaCola Company that Charley held, all while Charley still held on to the name. After the
April 14 deal, on April 17, 1888, one-half of the Walker/Dozier interest shares were
acquired by Candler for an additional $750. Page | 14

15. Competition Between PepsiCo and Coca-Cola brands The Coca-Cola Company In
1892, Candler set out to incorporate a second company; "The Coca-Cola Company" (the
current corporation). When Candler had the earliest records of the "Coca-Cola Company"
burned in 1910, the action was claimed to have been made during a move to new
corporation offices around this time. After Candler had gained a better foothold of CocaCola in April 1888, he nevertheless was forced to sell the beverage he produced with the
recipe he had under the names "Yum Yum" and "Koke". This was while Charley
Pemberton was selling the elixir, although a cruder mixture, under the name "Coca-Cola",
all with his father's blessing. After both names failed to catch on for Candler, by the
summer of 1888, the Atlanta pharmacist was quite anxious to establish a firmer legal
claim to Coca- Cola, and hoped he could force his two competitors, Walker and Dozier,
completely out of the business, as well. When Dr. John Stith Pemberton suddenly died on
August 16, 1888, Asa G. Candler now sought to move swiftly forward to attain his vision
of taking full control of the whole Coca-Cola operation. Charley Pemberton, an alcoholic,
was the one obstacle who unnerved Asa Candler more than anyone else. Candler is said
to have quickly maneuvered to purchase the exclusive rights to the name "Coca- Cola"
from Pemberton's son Charley right after Dr. Pemberton's death. One of several stories
was that Candler bought the title to the name from Charley's mother for $300;
approaching her at Dr. Page | 15

16. Competition Between PepsiCo and Coca-Cola brands Pemberton's funeral.

Eventually, Charley Pemberton was found on June 23, 1894, unconscious, with a stick of
opium by his side. Ten days later, Charley died at Atlanta's Grady Hospital at the age of
40. In Charles Howard Candler's 1950 book about his father, he stated: "On August 30th
{1888}, he {Asa Candler} became sole proprietor of Coca-Cola, a fact which was stated
on letterheads, invoice blanks and advertising copy." With this action on August 30, 1888,
Candler's sole control became technically all true. Candler had negotiated with Margaret
Dozier and her brother Woolfolk Walker a full payment amounting to $1,000, which all
agreed Candler could pay off with a series of notes over a specified time span. By May 1,
1889, Candler was now claiming full ownership of the Coca-Cola beverage, with a total
investment outlay by Candler for the drink enterprise over the years amounting to $2,300.
In 1914, Margaret Dozier, as co-owner of the original Coca-Cola Company in 1888, came
forward to claim that her signature on the 1888 Coca-Cola Company bill of sale had been
forged. Subsequent analysis of certain similar transfer documents had also indicated John
Pemberton's signature was most likely a forgery, as well, which some accounts claim was
precipitated by his son Charley. Origins of Bottling The first bottling of Coca-Cola
occurred in Vicksburg, Mississippi, at the Biedenharn Candy Company in 1891. The

proprietor of the bottling works was Joseph A. Biedenharn. The original bottles were
Biedenharn bottles, very different from the much later hobble-skirt design of 1915 now
so familiar. It was then a few years later that two entrepreneurs from Chattanooga,
Tennessee, namely; Benjamin F. Thomas and Joseph B. Whitehead, proposed the idea of
bottling and were so persuasive that Page | 16

17. Competition Between PepsiCo and Coca-Cola brands Candler signed a contract
giving them control of the procedure for only one dollar. Candler never collected his
dollar, but in 1899, Chattanooga became the site of the first Coca-Cola bottling company.
Candler remained very content just selling his company's syrup. The loosely termed
contract proved to be problematic for The Coca-Cola Company for decades to come.
Legal matters were not helped by the decision of the bottlers to subcontract to other
companies, effectively becoming parent bottlers. The first outdoor wall advertisement
that promoted the Coca-Cola drink was painted in 1894 in Cartersville, Georgia. Cola
syrup is sold as an over-the-counter dietary supplement for upset stomach. 20th Century
Landmarks 21th Century - New Coke The Las Vegas Strip World of Coca- Cola museum
in 2003 Page | 17

18. Competition Between PepsiCo and Coca-Cola brands Geographic spread Since it
announced its intention to begin distribution in Burma in June 2012, Coca-Cola has been
officially available in every country in the world except Cuba and North Korea. However,
it is reported to be available in both countries as a grey import. Coca-Cola has been a
point of legal discussion in the Middle East. In the early 20th century, a fatwa was created
in Egypt to discuss the question of "whether Muslims were permitted to drink Coca-Cola
and Pepsi cola." The fatwa states: "According to the Muslim Hanefite, Shafi'ite, etc., the
rule in Islamic law of forbidding or allowing foods and beverages is based on the
presumption that such things are permitted unless it can be shown that they are forbidden
on the basis of the Qur'an." The Muslim jurists stated that, unless the Qu'ran specifically
prohibits the consumption of a particular product, it is permissible to consume. Another
clause was discussed, whereby the same rules apply if a person is unaware of the
condition or ingredients of the item in question. Brand portfolio This is a list of variants
of Coca-Cola introduced around the world. In addition to the caffeine-free version of the
original, additional fruit flavors have been included over the years. Not included here are
versions of Diet Coke and Coca-Cola Zero; variant versions of those no-calorie colas can
be found at their respective articles. Page | 18

19. Competition Between PepsiCo and Coca-Cola brands TABLE 1.1 Name Launched
Discontinued Notes Coca-Cola 1886 The original version of Coca-Cola. Caffeine-Free
Coca-Cola 1983 The caffeine free version of Coca-Cola. Coca-Cola Cherry 1985 Was
available in Canada starting in 1996. Called "Cherry Coca-Cola (Cherry Coke)" in North
America until 2006. New Coke/"Coca- Cola II" 1985 2002 Was still available in Yap and
American Samoa Coca-Cola with Lemon 2001 2005 Available in: Australia, American
Samoa, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, China, Denmark, Federation of Bosnia and
Herzegovina, Finland, France, Germany, Hong Kong, Iceland, Korea, Luxembourg,
Macau, Malaysia, Mongolia, Netherlands, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Runion,
Singapore, Spain, Switzerland, Taiwan, Tunisia, United Kingdom, United States, and

West Bank-Gaza Coca-Cola Vanilla 2002; 2007; 2013 2005; Available in: Austria,
Australia, China, Czech Republic, Finland, Germany, Hong Kong, New Zealand,
Malaysia, Slovakia, South-Africa, Sweden, United Kingdom and United States. It was
reintroduced in June 2007 by popular demand. Coca-Cola with Lime 2005 Available in
Belgium, Netherlands, Singapore, Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States.
Coca-Cola Raspberry June 2005 End of 2005 Was only available in New Zealand.
Currently available in the United States in Coca-Cola Freestyle fountain since 2009.
Coca-Cola Black Cherry Vanilla 2006 Middle of 2007 Was replaced by Vanilla Coke in
June 2007 Coca-Cola Blk 2006 Beginning of 2008 Only available in the United States,
France, Canada, Czech Republic, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria and Lithuania CocaCola Citra 2006 Only available in Bosnia and Herzegovina, New Zealand and Japan.
Coca-Cola Orange 2007 Was available in the United Kingdom and Gibraltar for a limited
time. In Germany, Austria and Switzerland it's sold under the label Mezzo Mix. Currently
available in Coca- Cola Freestyle fountain outlets in the United States since 2009. CocaCola Life 2013 Only available in Argentina. Page | 19

20. Competition Between PepsiCo and Coca-Cola brands Logo Design The Coca-Cola
logo was created by John Pemberton's bookkeeper, Frank Mason Robinson, in 1885.
Robinson came up with the name and chose the logo's distinctive cursive script. The
typeface used, known as Spencerian script, was developed in the mid-19th century and
was the dominant form of formal handwriting in the United States during that period.
Robinson also played a significant role in early Coca-Cola advertising. His promotional
suggestions to Pemberton included giving away thousands of free drink coupons and
plastering the city of Atlanta with publicity banners and streetcar signs. Various types of
models The classic Coca-Cola contour bottle design Earl R. Dean's original 1915 concept
drawing of the contour Coca-Cola bottle Page | 20

21. Competition Between PepsiCo and Coca-Cola brands The prototype never made it to
production since its middle diameter was larger than its base, making it unstable on
conveyor belts. Two Chinese Coke bottles, a 200 ml glass bottle, which is becoming less
common, and a 300 ml plastic bottle that is now widely available. Major Share Holders
Of Coca-Cola TABLE 1.2 Breakdown % of Shares Held by All Insider and 5% Owners:
5% % of Shares Held by Institutional & Mutual Fund Owners: 62% % of Float Held by
Institutional & Mutual Fund Owners: 65% Number of Institutions Holding Shares: 1561
Major Direct Holders (Forms 3 & 4) Holder Shares Reported DILLER BARRY N/A Apr
27, 2012 Page | 21

22. Competition Between PepsiCo and Coca-Cola brands KENT AHMET MUHTAR
251,618 Feb 18, 2014 FINAN IRIAL 327,366 Feb 18, 2014 FAYARD GARY P 146,510
Feb 18, 2014 REYES JOSE OCTAVIO 71,564 Feb 18, 2014 History Of Pepsi Pepsi was
first introduced as "Brad's Drink" in New Bern, North Carolina, United States, in 1893 by
Caleb Bradham, who made it at his drugstore where the drink was sold. It was later
labeled Pepsi Cola, named after the digestive enzyme pepsin and kola nuts used in the
recipe. Bradham sought to create a fountain drink that was delicious and would aid in
digestion and boost energy. Plaque at 256 Middle Street, New Bern, NC In 1903,
Bradham moved the bottling of Pepsi-Cola from his drugstore to a rented warehouse.

That year, Bradham sold 7,968 gallons of syrup. The next year, Pepsi was sold in sixounce bottles, and sales increased to 19,848 gallons. In 1909, automobile race pioneer
Barney Oldfield was the first celebrity to endorse Pepsi-Cola, describing it as "A bully
drink...refreshing, invigorating, a fine bracer before a race." The advertising theme
"Delicious and Healthful" was then used over the next two Page | 22

23. Competition Between PepsiCo and Coca-Cola brands decades. In 1926, Pepsi
received its first logo redesign since the original design of 1905. In 1929, the logo was
changed again. In 1931, at the depth of the Great Depression, the Pepsi-Cola Company
entered bankruptcy in large part due to financial losses incurred by speculating on
wildly fluctuating sugar prices as a result of World War I. Assets were sold and Roy C.
Megargel bought the Pepsi trademark. Megargel was unsuccessful, and soon Pepsi's
assets were purchased by Charles Guth, the President of Loft, Inc. Loft was a candy
manufacturer with retail stores that contained soda fountains. He sought to replace CocaCola at his stores' fountains after Coke refused to give him a discount on syrup. Guth then
had Loft's chemists reformulate the Pepsi-Cola syrup formula. On three separate
occasions between 1922 and 1933, The Coca-Cola Company was offered the opportunity
to purchase the Pepsi-Cola company, and it declined on each occasion. Rise During the
Great Depression, Pepsi gained popularity following the introduction in 1936 of a 12ounce bottle. With a radio advertising campaign featuring the jingle "Pepsi-Cola hits the
spot / Twelve full ounces, that's a lot / Twice as much for a nickel, too / Pepsi-Cola is the
drink for you", arranged in such a way that the jingle never ends. Pepsi encouraged pricewatching consumers to switch, obliquely referring to the Coca-Cola standard of 6.5
ounces per bottle for the price of five cents (a nickel), instead of the 12 ounces Pepsi sold
at the same price. Coming at a time of economic crisis, the campaign succeeded in
boosting Pepsi's status. From 1936 to 1938, Pepsi-Cola's profits doubled. Page | 23

24. Competition Between PepsiCo and Coca-Cola brands Pepsi's success under Guth
came while the Loft Candy business was faltering. Since he had initially used Loft's
finances and facilities to establish the new Pepsi success, the near-bankrupt Loft
Company sued Guth for possession of the Pepsi-Cola company. A long legal battle, Guth
v. Loft, then ensued, with the case reaching the Delaware Supreme Court and ultimately
ending in a loss for Guth. Marketing Pepsi logo (19731998) In 1987, the font was
modified slightly to a more rounded version which was used until 1998. This logo is now
used for Pepsi Throwback Page | 24

25. Competition Between PepsiCo and Coca-Cola brands Pepsi logo (20032008). Pepsi
Wild Cherry continued to use this design through March 2010. Pepsi ONE continued to
use this design until mid-2012. This logo is still in use in pakistan and other international
markets. The original version had the Pepsi wording on the top left of the Pepsi Globe. In
2007, the Pepsi wording was moved to the bottom of the globe. From the 1930s through
the late 1950s, "Pepsi-Cola Hits The Spot" was the most commonly used slogan in the
days of old radio, classic motion pictures, and later television. Its jingle (conceived in the
days when Pepsi cost only five cents) was used in many different forms with different
lyrics. With the rise of radio, Pepsi utilized the services of a young, up-and-coming
actress named Polly Bergen to promote products, oftentimes lending her singing talents to

the classic "...Hits The Spot" jingle. Film actress Joan Crawford, after marrying then
Pepsi-Cola President Alfred N. Steele became a spokesperson for Pepsi, appearing in
commercials, television specials and televised beauty pageants on behalf of the company.
Crawford also had images of the soft drink placed prominently in several of her later
films. When Steele died in 1959 Crawford was appointed to the Board of Directors of
Pepsi- Cola, a position she held until 1973, although she was not a board member of the
larger PepsiCo, created in 1965. Page | 25

26. Competition Between PepsiCo and Coca-Cola brands The Buffalo Bisons, an
American Hockey League team, were sponsored by Pepsi-Cola in its later years; the team
adopted the beverage's red, white and blue color scheme along with a modification of the
Pepsi logo (with the word "Buffalo" in place of the Pepsi-Cola wordmark). The Bisons
ceased operations in 1970 (making way for the Buffalo Sabres). Through the intervening
decades, there have been many different Pepsi theme songs sung on television by a
variety of artists, from Joanie Summers to the Jacksons to Britney Spears. In 1975, Pepsi
introduced the Pepsi Challenge marketing campaign where PepsiCo set up a blind tasting
between Pepsi-Cola and rival Coca-Cola. During these blind taste tests the majority of
participants picked Pepsi as the better tasting of the two soft drinks. PepsiCo took great
advantage of the campaign with television commercials reporting the results to the
public. In 1996, PepsiCo launched the highly successful Pepsi Stuff marketing strategy.
By 2002, the strategy was cited by Promo Magazine as one of 16 "Ageless Wonders" that
"helped redefine promotion marketing". In 2007, PepsiCo redesigned its cans for the
fourteenth time, and for the first time, included more than thirty different backgrounds on
each can, introducing a new background every three weeks. One of its background
designs includes a string of repetitive numbers, "73774". This is a numerical expression
from a telephone keypad of the word "Pepsi". In late 2008, Pepsi overhauled its entire
brand, simultaneously introducing a new logo and a minimalist label design. The redesign
was comparable to Coca-Cola's earlier simplification of its can and bottle designs. Pepsi
also teamed up with YouTube to produce its first daily entertainment show called Poptub.
This show deals with pop culture, internet viral videos, and celebrity gossip. Page | 26

27. Competition Between PepsiCo and Coca-Cola brands In 2009, "Bring Home the Cup"
changed to "Team Up and Bring Home the Cup". The new installment of the campaign
asks for team involvement and an advocate to submit content on behalf of their team for
the chance to have the Stanley Cup delivered to the team's hometown by Mark Messier.
Pepsi has official sponsorship deals with three of the four major North American
professional sports leagues: the National Football League, National Hockey League and
Major League Baseball. Pepsi also sponsors Major League Soccer. It also has the naming
rights to Pepsi Center, an indoor sports facility in Denver, Colorado. In 1997, after his
sponsorship with Coca-Cola ended, NASCAR driver Jeff Gordon signed a long term
contract with Pepsi, and he drives with the Pepsi logos on his car with various paint
schemes for about 2 races each year, usually a darker paint scheme during nighttime
races. Pepsi has remained as one of his sponsors ever since. Pepsi has also sponsored the
NFL Rookie of the Year award since 2002. Pepsi also has sponsorship deals in
international cricket teams. The Pakistan cricket team is one of the teams that the brand
sponsors. The team wears the Pepsi logo on the front of their test and ODI test match

clothing. In July 2009, Pepsi started marketing itself as Pecsi in Argentina in response to
its name being mispronounced by 25% of the population and as a way to connect more
with all of the population. In October 2008, Pepsi announced that it would be redesigning
its logo and re-branding many of its products by early 2009. In 2009, Pepsi, Diet Pepsi
and Pepsi Max began using all lower-case fonts for name brands, and Diet Pepsi Max
was re-branded as Pepsi Max. The brand's blue and red globe trademark became a series
of "smiles", with the central white band arcing at different angles depending on the
product until 2010. Pepsi released this logo in U.S. in late 2008, and later it was released
in 2009 in Canada (the first country outside of the United States for Pepsi's new logo),
Brazil, Page | 27

28. Competition Between PepsiCo and Coca-Cola brands Bolivia, Guatemala, Nicaragua,
Honduras, El Salvador, Colombia, Argentina, Puerto Rico, Costa Rica, Panama, Chile,
Dominican Republic, the Philippines and Australia. In the rest of the world the new logo
has been released in 2010. The old logo is still used in several markets internationally,
and has been phased out most recently in France and Mexico. The UK started to use the
new Pepsi logo on cans in an order different from the US can. Starting in mid-2010, all
Pepsi variants, regular, diet, and Pepsi Max, have started using only the medium-sized
"smile" Pepsi Globe. Pepsi and Pepsi Max cans and bottles in Australia now carry the
localized version of the new Pepsi Logo. The word Pepsi and the logo are in the new
style, while the word "Max" is still in the previous style. Pepsi Wild Cherry finally
received the 2008 Pepsi design in March 2010. In 2011, for New York Fashion Week,
Diet Pepsi introduced a "skinny" can that is taller and has been described as a "sassier"
version of the traditional can that Pepsi says was made in "celebration of beautiful,
confident women". The company's equating of "skinny" and "beautiful" and "confident"
is drawing criticism from brand critics, consumers who do not back the "skinny is better"
ethos, and the National Eating Disorders Association, which said that it takes offense to
the can and the company's "thoughtless and irresponsible" comments. PepsiCo Inc. is a
Fashion Week sponsor. This new can was made available to consumers nationwide in
March. In April 2011, Pepsi announced that customers will be able to buy a complete
stranger a soda at a new "social" vending machine, and even record a video that the
stranger would see when they pick up the gift. In March 2012, Pepsi introduced Pepsi
Next, a cola with half the calories of regular Pepsi. In March 2013, Pepsi for the first time
in 17 years reshaped its 20-ounce bottle. Page | 28

29. Competition Between PepsiCo and Coca-Cola brands In November 2013, Pepsi
issued an apology on their official Swedish Facebook page for using pictures of Cristiano
Ronaldo as a voodoo doll in various scenes before the Sweden v Portugal 2014 FIFA
World Cup playoff game. Pepsis Rivalry with Coca-Cola According to Consumer
Reports, in the 1970s, the rivalry continued to heat up the market. Pepsi conducted blind
taste tests in stores, in what was called the "Pepsi Challenge". These tests suggested that
more consumers preferred the taste of Pepsi (which is believed to have more lemon oil,
and less orange oil, and uses vanillin rather than vanilla) to Coke. The sales of Pepsi
started to climb, and Pepsi kicked off the "Challenge" across the nation. This became
known as the "Cola Wars". In 1985, The Coca-Cola Company, amid much publicity,
changed its formula. The theory has been advanced that New Coke, as the reformulated

drink came to be known, was invented specifically in response to the Pepsi Challenge.
However, a consumer backlash led to Coca-Cola quickly reintroducing the original
formula as Coke "Classic". According to Beverage Digest's 2008 report on carbonated
soft drinks, PepsiCo's U.S. market share is 30.8 percent, while The Coca-Cola Company's
is 42.7 percent.[24] Coca-Cola outsells Pepsi in most parts of the U.S., notable exceptions
being central Appalachia, North Dakota, and Utah. In the city of Buffalo, New York,
Pepsi outsells Coca-Cola by a two-to-one margin. Overall, Coca-Cola continues to outsell
Pepsi in almost all areas of the world. However, exceptions include Oman; India; Saudi
Arabia; Pakistan (Pepsi has been a dominant sponsor of the Pakistan cricket team since
the 1990s); the Dominican Republic; Guatemala; the Canadian provinces of Quebec,
Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, and Prince Edward Island; and Northern
Ontario. Page | 29

30. Competition Between PepsiCo and Coca-Cola brands Pepsi had long been the drink
of Canadian Francophones and it continues to hold its dominance by relying on local
Qubcois celebrities (especially Claude Meunier, of La Petite Vie fame) to sell its
product. PepsiCo introduced the Quebec slogan "here, it's Pepsi" (Ici, c'est Pepsi) in
response to Coca- Cola ads proclaiming "Around the world, it's Coke" (Partout dans le
monde, c'est Coke). As of 2012, Pepsi is the third most popular carbonated drink in India
with a 15% market share, behind Sprite and Thums Up. In comparison, Coca-Cola is the
fourth most popular carbonated drink occupying a mere 8.8% of the Indian market share.
By most accounts, Coca-Cola was India's leading soft drink until 1977 when it left India
after a new government ordered The Coca-Cola Company to turn over its secret formula
for Coke and dilute its stake in its Indian unit as required by the Foreign Exchange
Regulation Act (FERA). In 1988, PepsiCo gained entry to India by creating a joint
venture with the Punjab government-owned Punjab Agro Industrial Corporation (PAIC)
and Voltas India Limited. This joint venture marketed and sold Lehar Pepsi until 1991
when the use of foreign brands was allowed; PepsiCo bought out its partners and ended
the joint venture in 1994. In 1993, The Coca- Cola Company returned in pursuance of
India's Liberalization policy. In Russia, Pepsi initially had a larger market share than
Coke but it was undercut once the Cold War ended. In 1972, PepsiCo Company struck a
barter agreement with the then government of the Soviet Union, in which PepsiCo was
granted exportation and Western marketing rights to Stolichnaya vodka in exchange for
importation and Soviet marketing of Pepsi-Cola. This exchange led to Pepsi-Cola being
the first foreign product sanctioned for sale in the U.S.S.R. Reminiscent of the way that
Coca-Cola became a cultural icon and its global spread spawned words like "coca
colonization", Pepsi-Cola and its relation to the Soviet system turned it into an icon. In
the early 1990s, the term "Pepsi-stroika" began appearing as a pun on "perestroika", the
reform policy of Page | 30

31. Competition Between PepsiCo and Coca-Cola brands the Soviet Union under Mikhail
Gorbachev. Critics viewed the policy as an attempt to usher in Western products in deals
there with the old elites. Pepsi, as one of the first American products in the Soviet Union,
became a symbol of that relationship and the Soviet policy. This was reflected in Russian
author Victor Pelevin's book "Generation P". In 1989, Billy Joel mentioned the rivalry
between the two companies in the song "We Didnt Start the Fire". The line "Rock &

Roller Cola Wars" refers to Pepsi and Coke's usage of various musicians in advertising
campaigns. Coke used Paula Abdul, while Pepsi used Michael Jackson. Both companies
then competed to get other musicians to advertise its beverages. In 1992, following the
dissolution of the Soviet Union, Coca-Cola was introduced to the Russian market. As it
came to be associated with the new system, and Pepsi to the old, Coca-Cola rapidly
captured a significant market share that might otherwise have required years to achieve.
By July 2005, Coca-Cola enjoyed a market share of 19.4 percent, followed by Pepsi with
13 percent. Pepsi did not sell soft drinks in Israel until 1991. Many Israelis and some
American Jewish organizations attributed Pepsi's previous reluctance to do battle to the
Arab boycott. Pepsi, which has a large and lucrative business in the Arab world, denied
that, saying that economic, rather than political, reasons kept it out of Israel.
SHAREHOLDERS PepsiCo (symbol: PEP) shares are traded principally on the New
York Stock Exchange in the United States. The company is also listed on the Amsterdam,
Chicago, Swiss and Tokyo stock exchanges. PepsiCo has consistently paid cash dividends
since the corporation was founded. Page | 31

32. Competition Between PepsiCo and Coca-Cola brands Various Collaborations of

Coca-Cola and Pepsi Coca-Cola has more collaboration with popular fast-food
restaurants worldwide but Pepsi has focused on acquiring bigger but fewer deals. It just
won the battle with Coca-Cola as they signed a huge deal with Buffalo Wild Wings. The
deal underscores the harsh realities of the $32.8 billion. Page | 32

33. Competition Between PepsiCo and Coca-Cola brands PepsiCo's Mountain Dew
drinks may also be a good fit for Buffalo Wild Wings, which provides customers with TV
screens to watch sporting events. The restaurant chain hopes to benefit from Pepsi's tieups with the NFL and Major League Baseball. In India, Pepsi and Coca-Cola have almost
equal tie-ups. Various Takeovers of Coca-Cola and Pepsi PepsiCo has also taken over
Giants like Lays, Tropicana, Quaker and Gatorade. This keeps PepsiCo back on track in
the battle with Coca-Cola. Coca-Cola has taken over Giants like Thums Up, Limca from
Parle in 1993 for US$60 million. Coca- Cola re-entered India that year after a prolonged
absence, spurring a three-way Cola War with Thums Up and Pepsi. Page | 33

34. Competition Between PepsiCo and Coca-Cola brands Pepsi Paradox: The Sweet
Sorrow Coke won the cola wars because great taste takes more than a single sip. The
inspired Pepsi Challenge marketing campaign of the 1980s was the introduction to one of
the fundamentals of scientific inquiry for many students of marketing: the double-blind
experiment. In a world beset with soft drink advertising, how could you really know
which soda you liked best? Clearly what made sense was to put prejudice and branding
aside, don a blindfold, and focus on pure flavor. It was one of the greatest marketing
coups of all time. In the late 1970s and early 1980s, Pepsi steadily gained on Coke in
terms of market share. Characters in the ads always picked Pepsi, of course, but so did
most people who tried it in real lifethe sweeter taste was more appealing. By 1983,
Pepsi was outselling Coke in supermarkets, leaving Coke dependent on its larger
infrastructure of soda machines and fast food tie-ins to preserve its lead. That was a
success in its own right. But even better, Pepsi forced Coke into an infamous business
blunder. Faced with eroding market share, Coke began a series of its own internal taste

tests aimed at developing a superior product. Thus was born the dread New Coke, a
sweeter cola reformulated to best both Pepsi and the classic formulation of Coke in blind
taste tests. Page | 34

35. Competition Between PepsiCo and Coca-Cola brands The backlash was fast and
furious, with over 400,000 letters of complaint pouring in to the company. Despite
declining market share, Coke was still by far the market leader over Pepsiand the
companys millions of loyal customers werent looking for a new flavor. Pepsi recorded
the fastest year-on-year sales growth in the companys history during New Cokes first
month, while a consortium of Coca-Cola bottlers decided to sue the company for
changing the product. But then Coca-Colas senior leadership did something tough: They
admitted that they were wrong. And they executed a strategic pivot thats kept them on
top of the rivalry ever since. They reintroduced the original formula under the name
Coca-Cola Classic and sold it in parallel with New Coke for a while. Over time, the
new Coke was phased out, and Coca-Cola Classic became just, well, Coke once again
a product so culturally iconic that across a significant swath of the United States it
serves as a generic term for what decent people call soda and Midwesterners call
pop. For the past 25 years, Coke advertising has focused on the brand first and
foremost. The soda is a shared experience thats supposed to remind you of friendship,
family, adorable bears, and other fuzzy associations. And its worked great. According to
industry statistics compiled by Beverage Digest, Coke owns 17 percent of the American
market for carbonated soft drinks. The next most popular choice is Diet Coke with 9.4
percent. Pepsi languishes in third place at 8.9 percent. Though its the flagship brand of a
diverse beverage and snack company with over $65 billion in revenue, Pepsi is a definite
loser in the popularity sweepstakes. Pepsi is a quintessential example of a challenger
brand thats seeking an edge against a dominant, iconic firm. Marketing has often
emphasized the idea of Pepsi as newer or more youthfulthe choice of a new
generationas a way of turning its second-place status into an advantage. But Pepsi
Page | 35

36. Competition Between PepsiCo and Coca-Cola brands works as such a great example
of a challenge because despite decades of efforts, none of its different slogans or logos or
celebrity endorsements has ever put it in first place. Its a frustrating place for the
company to be, because the Pepsi Challenge wasnt just an ad gimmick. It really is true
that blind taste tests suggest that people like it better than Coke. Yet people keep buying
more Coke. One theory of this Pepsi Paradox, described by Lone Frank in Scientific
American, is that we should take the Pepsi Challenge at face value. Cokes victory is a
triumph of branding over flavor, and a clear sign that consumer companies should invest
lots of money in advertising. Researchers intrigued by the paradox have suggested that
Cokes ads actually rewire the human brain. When Read Montague of Baylor College
Medicine performed a version of the Pepsi Challenge with subjects hooked up to an fMRI
machine, he found something interesting. In blind taste tests, most people preferred Pepsi,
and Pepsi was associated with a higher level of activity in an area of the brain known as
the ventral putamen, which helps us evaluate different flavors. By contrast, in a nonblind
test, Coke was more popular and was also associated with increased activity in the medial
prefrontal cortex. Montagues interpretation: This prefrontal activity represented the

higher-thinking functions of the brain associating the soda with ad campaigns and, in
effect, overriding the taste buds. But perhaps this is wrong. Felix Salmon notes that in
blind taste tests of wine, people almost invariably prefer sweeter varieties. This hardly
means sweeter wines are always betterand Pepsi is sweeter than Coke. On this view its
actually Pepsi that scored the marketing triumph, by convincing people that a blind taste
test represents the true mark of soda flavor. Likewise, the idea that Coke triumphs
because of ads rather than flavor has trouble explaining the failure of New Coke. New
Coke had the same ads behind it as old Coke, but was specifically engineered to beat
Pepsi in taste tests. Page | 36

37. Competition Between PepsiCo and Coca-Cola brands CONTENTS Literature

Review Consumer Preferences Target Group Brand Perceived Quality
Sponsorship Individual factors Celebrity Endorsement Overview of Market Past
& Present Milestones & Products (Three Levels of Product) Competitor Capabilities
Matrix Different Competitor Analysis Place & Price Promotion SWOT Analysis
Brand Equity Segmenting Consumer Markets Advertising Campaign Ansoff
Models Page | 37

38. Competition Between PepsiCo and Coca-Cola brands Current & Future Strategies

LITERATURE REVIEW Contemporary Marketing Review Vol. 1 was written by

Seyyedeh Mehrsa Hashemi (Malaysia), Yasaman Darabi Darabkhani (Candidate of MBA,
Management and Science University, Faculty of Management, Malaysia) and Behrooz
Ahanijan (Candidate of MBA, Management and Science University, Faculty of
Management, Malaysia). This market research was done to compare OPERATION

STRATEGIES FOR COCA-COLA VS PEPSI COMPANIES TO ATTRACT THEIR

CUSTOMERS. In the paragraphs below, their findings have been summarized. Consumer
Preferences The consumer market amounts to a total of 6.3 billion people, and thus there
is great demand for an enormous variety of goods and services, especially as consumers
differ from one another in that of age, gender, income, education level, and tastes. The
reason why consumers buy what they do is often deeply rooted in their minds,
consequently consumers do not truly know what affects their purchases as ninety-five
percent of the thought, emotion, and learning [that drive our purchases] occur in the
unconscious mind- that is without our awareness (Armstrong, 2005).Consumers
purchase process is affected by a number of different factors, some of which marketers
cannot control, such as cultural, social, personal, and psychological factors. However,
these factors must be taken into consideration in order to reach target consumers
effectively. Cultural factors Page | 38

39. Competition Between PepsiCo and Coca-Cola brands Each cultural group can be
divided into groups consisting of people with common life experiences and situations,
also known as subcultures (Kotler et al. 2005), such as nationality, racial groups, religion,
and geographical areas. The third cultural factor is social class, which is constituted upon
among other variables: Occupation, income, education, and wealth (Blackwell, 2001).
Social factors Social grouping that is collected of family, communal roles and position,
and small groups. Some of these groups have a direct influence on a person, i.e.
membership groups, groups that a person can belong to (Kotler et al. 2005), and reference
groups which serve as direct (face-to-face) or not direct evaluation points or suggestion
in shaping attitudes or beliefs of persons (Armstrong et al. 2005, p. 148). However,
some people are affected by groups in which they do not belong to; these reference
groups include inspirational groups, groups that a person desires to belong to and a fans
admiration for an idol, etc. (Ibid).Finally, a wife, husband or a child have strong
influences on a consumer and thus the family is the most vital consumer buying
organisation in society (Kotler et al. 2005). Personal factors A persons lifestyle forms
his/her world and the way he/she decides to act, thus a persons activities, interests, and
opinions constitute their lifestyle, as well as affecting the choice of products (Armstrong
et al. 2005). Moreover, all people are individual; hence have a unique personality of
different characteristics, which is often portrayed with traits, such as self-confidence,
dominance, sociability, autonomy, defensiveness, adaptability, and aggressiveness
(Blackwell et al. 2001). Psychological factors Page | 39

40. Competition Between PepsiCo and Coca-Cola brands As a matter of fact; when
people experience new things, changes take place in their behaviour, i.e. they learn new
things when they take action. As a result, beliefs and attitudes are acquired and hence
affect the buying behaviour (Armstrong et al. 2005). Target Group Companies must
identify those parts of the market that they can best serve, and thus build the right
relationship with the right customers that this is also known as target marketing and is the
evaluation process marketplace segments pleasant appearance and choosing one or more
segments to go into (Armstrong et al. 2005). Age Seeing as consumers needs and
interests for products vary depending on age, companies employ age segmentation,
offering dissimilar goods or by means of diverse marketing approaches for altered age
groups(Armstrong, 2005). Blackwell et al. (2001) divide the dissimilar age groups into
the following: children, teenagers, young adults, and baby boomers, thus the thesis will
concentrate on teenagers, young adults, and baby boomers. Teenagers have a variety of
needs, such as a need for belonging, independence, approval, and responsibility, as well
as having the need for experimentation (Solomon, Bamossy, Askegaard, & Hogg, 2007).
Teenagers are increasingly given the task of buying products for the family since they not
only have more spare time but also enjoy shopping more than their parents do. As a
result, marketers are targeting their ads primarily at teenagers. In order to gain teenagers
attention more effectively, advertising campaigns must be honest, have clear messages,
and use humour. Moreover, teenagers tend to be fickle and are likely to switch brand
preference quicker than any other age group, as they have a high need to be accepted by
their friends (Blackwell et al. Page | 40

41. Competition Between PepsiCo and Coca-Cola brands 2001). Finally, teenagers are
easier targets, because they have grown up in a culture of pure consumerism. Because of
this, they are way more tuned into media because there is so much more media to be
tuned into (Bush, Martin, & Bush, 2004).Young adults who they are18 to 34-year-olds
are worry about grown up issues, and live their lives for the moment rather than for
tomorrow (Ibid). Brand Brand image takes place when brand associations held in the
mind of consumers are conveyed onto a consumers perception about a brand. These
associations can either be developed from direct experience with the product, from the
information communicated by the company, or from previous associations held about the
company and origin, etc (Martinez & Pina, 2003). Brand Equity A set of assets and
liabilities to a brands name and symbol that adds to or subtracts from the value provided
by a product or service to a firm and/or a firms customers(Aaker, 2008). These assets
and liabilities can be grouped into four categories: brand loyalty, brand awareness,
perceived quality, and brand associations. Brand Loyalty A form of repeat purchasing
behaviour reflecting a conscious decision to continue buying the same brand is brand
loyalty (Solomon, et al., 2007). Moreover, in order for brand loyalty to take place,
customers must have a positive attitude towards a brand, as well as being involved in
repeated buying. Brand Awareness Brand awareness entails that recognition is
communicated onto a brand, which allows consumers to identify with the brand product,
and thus providing companies with constant competitive advantage Page | 41

42. Competition Between PepsiCo and Coca-Cola brands (Aaker, 2008). For low
involvement products, products bought frequently and with a minimum of thought and
effort (buseco.monash, edu.au), awareness can affect a consumers buying decision
through a sense of familiarity, whereas for high involvement products, brand awareness
provides consumers with a sense of presence and assurance (Aaker, 2008). Brand
Association Brand association can either be linked directly or indirectly with a
customers thought about a brand. Those associations that have the clearest significance
are built upon product attributes, such as physical product characteristics and nonmaterial product characteristics (Armstrong et al. 2005), and customer benefits - the
desirable consequences consumers seek when buying and using products and brands
(Peter & cop., 1994) which provide customers with a motive to buy the product,
consequently resulting in brand loyalty (Aaker, 2008) Brand positioning Positioning
refers to consumers perception of a brand as compared with that of competitors brands,
that is, the mental image that a brand, or the company as a whole, evokes (CZINKOTA,
DICKSON, & DUNNE, 2001). Moreover, researchers claim that positioning can provide
benefits to the consumer through a set of different product attributes (Albaum, 2002).
Thus, companies must position their brands/products clearly in the minds of the target
consumers that this can be done through the positioning on product attributes, however,
companies must bear in mind that these attributes are easily copied by competitors. More
specifically, consumers are often not interested in attributes as such, but are rather
concerned with what the attributes will actually do for them (Armstrong et al. 2005).
Another way in which marketers can position brands is by associating a brand with a
name that encompasses pleasing and desired benefits (Peter & cop., 1994). However,
strong brands go beyond Page | 42

43. Competition Between PepsiCo and Coca-Cola brands attribute or benefit positioning,
and instead are positioned on strong beliefs and values. (Armstrong et al. 2005).
Perceived Quality Perceived quality can be defined as the customers perception of the
overall quality or superiority of a product or service with respect to its intended purpose,
relative to alternatives (Aaker, 2008). Perceived quality is initially a consumers
perception about a product, and thus is a tangible overall opinion about a brand.
Nevertheless, this feeling is usually based upon fundamental dimensions, such as product
features and performance. The language used in advertising campaigns When advertising
across borders, advertisers have to decide upon whether or not to use the native language
in the campaign. There are several reasons that drive companies to use foreign languages
in advertisements, such as financial- and image-related reasons. Advertising costs are
reduced when using existing foreign language television commercials rather than
producing new commercials into the native language. Furthermore, in some situations, a
products image benefits from using a foreign language as it is more effective (Wang,
2006). In non-English speaking countries, English is the most frequently used foreign
language in advertisements. A global marketing company can deploy an Englishlanguage advertisement in numerous countries worldwide seeing as most countries regard
English as their first foreign language. Additionally, as a translation of English to a local
language is not absolutely required, as money is saved when using English in a global
campaign (Ibid). Page | 43

44. Competition Between PepsiCo and Coca-Cola brands Sponsorship Previous research
has shown that although various definitions of sponsorship exist, they all certify that
sponsorship is primarily a commercial activity, where the sponsoring company attains the
right to promote an association with the sponsored object in return for benefit (Polonsky,
2001). More specifically, (Javalgi, 1994)claimed that sponsorship is the underwriting of
a special event to support corporate objectives by enhancing corporate image, increasing
awareness of brands, or directly stimulating sales of products and services. Sponsorship
activities are used for a number of reasons, but three of the most common objectives
comprehend overall corporate communications, which include building and strengthening
brand awareness, brand image, and corporate image(Gwinner, 1999). More specifically,
strategies that are aimed at increasing brand recognition, are typically employed using a
wide range of advertising tools which are designed to expose the sponsoring brand to as
many potential customers as possible(Cornwell, 2001). However, certain factors such as
the sponsor industry and company size influence the choice of sponsorship activity and
thus the objectives vary between companies. For example, manufacturers often look for
extensive publicity opportunities and media coverage, whereas service sponsors are more
motivated to enhance employees morale (Bjrn, 2003). Event Sponsorship As a result
of the amount of leisure events in todays society, event sponsorship has become
extremely popular. By connecting a brand with an event via sponsorship, companies can
better gain consumers attention and interest by associating with an event that is
important to consumers (Roy, 2003). Event Type Page | 44

45. Competition Between PepsiCo and Coca-Cola brands Different types of events exist,
such as sports, music and festival related, and affect event image in a number of ways. An
events image is strongly influenced by an individuals attitude towards the event,

through past sponsorships or other types of exposure. Event image can also be impacted
by non-evaluative perceptions of an event that are formed through associations held in
the consumers memory (Gwinner, 1997). Sports Sponsorship Sports sponsorship is the
most common sponsorship activity, as it can emanate very strong images through for
instance, extensive television press coverage, as well as being appealing to all classes in
society and consequently has a mass international audience (Jobber, 2004). Moreover, it
can transcend languages, hence national boundaries, as it is comprised of a range of
nonverbal components, such as universal messages of hope, pain or victory (Quester,
1998).As a result of this, many international marketers is looking to create icons
associated with specific meanings, which are universally recognized(Fahy, 2004).The
increasing amount of money spent on sports events, such as the Olympics as well as the
growth in the number of sports-oriented radio talk shows and television networks, such as
Sports Programming Network (ESPN), clearly illustrate the growing importance of sports
in todays society. Not only will sports sponsorship continue to be a popular and growing.
Individual Factors An event may entail different images for different people as a result of
the different factors that affect event image and the way in which recipients may interpret
those factors. Examples of such events are those that are regarded as having a number of
images, and thus are more difficult to associate with than an event with one identity.
Furthermore, a persons history with a certain event could also Page | 45

46. Competition Between PepsiCo and Coca-Cola brands influence ones perception of
an events image, as a long history will generally cause a more deep- rooted and constant
image (Ibid). Moderating Variables Sponsor-event similarity entails that the sponsoring
product in question is in fact used by participants during the event, or when the events
image is linked directly to the brands image. An event can either have one sponsor or
hundreds of sponsors at many different levels. However, events with multiple sponsors
decrease the likelihood that a specific brand will solely be associated with the event, due
to the extra stimuli each consumer has to consider and address. Event frequency can also
affect the image transfer process, in that an event can either occur one-time or on a
recurring basis (Ibid). Celebrity Endorsement Celebrity endorsement has developed
tremendously in the past decades and has been acclaimed as a ubiquitous feature of
modern marketing (Hsu, 2002).According to (McCracken, 1989) a celebrity endorser is
any individual who uses his or her public recognition on behalf of a consumer good by
appearing with it in an advertisement. Based on the notion that celebrities are successful
spokespersons for a companys brand or product, in that they deliver a companys
advertising message and persuade consumers to purchase the sponsored brand, a
substantial amount of money is annually spent on celebrity endorsement. Accordingly, it
has been confirmed by scholars and marketers that celebrity endorsement is a very
effective marketing tool, as celebrities have considerable influence on consumers
attitudes and purchase intentions (Hsu et al. 2002). Advantages of celebrity endorsement
include its ability to differentiate an advertisement from surrounding advertisement
clutter by providing the product(s) with instant character and appeal. Furthermore,
celebrities who are particular popular and recognized worldwide, have the capacity to
enter international markets, and thus go beyond cultural border (Erdogan, 1999).
However, a risk with Page | 46

47. Competition Between PepsiCo and Coca-Cola brands celebrity endorsement is that a
celebritys image may have a negative impact on the brand or product that he/she
endorses as a result of negative news or publicity, or simply not appealing to everyone,
seeing as a celebritys image often transmits itself to the endorsed brand, and accordingly
the brands image transmits itself to the endorser (Till, 1998). Page | 47

48. Competition Between PepsiCo and Coca-Cola brands The following information has
been synthesized from their findings. Coke vs. Pepsi An overview, written by Rahul
Shinde, was also taken into consideration. Overview of Indian Market- Past In the year
1991, the Indian Government adopted Economic Liberalization Policy Cold Drinks as
popularly known in India were an Urban phenomenon and the favourites (soda based)
were Campa Cola, Gold Spot, Limca and Thums Up Pepsi entered in the Indian Market
as Pepsi Foods Ltd. and was known as Lehar Pepsi Coke tried to re-enter* in 1990 by
merging with Godrej but was denied; merged with Britannia Industries India Ltd. July
1993 Parle sold its brands and plants to Coke *Coke was present in India from 1970s,
but was banned in 1977 under FERA Overview of Indian Market- Present Today the
Indian Market for Carbonated Drinks is worth more than Rs.17000 crore The present
scenario of the carbonated drinks market is duopoly* situation. Although in every place
there are local competitors and there is a huge unorganized flavoured water market. As
far as the carbonated drinks are concerned there are only two brands (as per the Market
Share). Coke (57.8%) Pepsi (35.6%) Page | 48

49. Competition Between PepsiCo and Coca-Cola brands *A duopoly is a competitive

situation where there are two competitors, normally of roughly equal size. Coca- Cola
Milestones 1886: Founded by John Pemberton 1887: Registered as trademark. 1895:
Sold in every state & territory in US. 2003: Headquartered in Atlanta with divisions &
local operations in over 200 countries worldwide i.e. 70% income from outside US.
1970s: Entered Indian Market for the 1st time 1977: Exited the Indian Market 1993:
Re-entry in India 1993-2003: Invested more than US $1b in India- top international
investor. 2003-2008: No. 1 soft drink Company in India. Pepsi Co. Milestones 1899:
Founded by Caleb Bradham 1902: Applied for trademark in US 1923: Declared
bankrupt & assets sold 1985: Gained entry in India 1988* - Succeeded with Pepsi
Food India Limited Project as a joint Venture with Punjab Agro Industrial Corporation &
Voltas India Limited. Page | 49

50. Competition Between PepsiCo and Coca-Cola brands 1991: Marketed & sold as
Lehar Pepsi. 1994: Bought out its partner and become a fully owned subsidiary. Today
it is the No. 2 soft drink company in India. *In 1988, forced to withdraw from market due
to carcinogenic ingredient (BVO) Coca- Cola Products in India Coke Diet Coke
Thums Up Sprite Limca Maaza Fanta Georgia (Coffee) Kinley (Drinking Water)
Pepsi Co. Products in India Pepsi Diet Pepsi 7 Up Miranda Mountain Dew
Tropicana Juices Lays, Cheetos & Ruffles (Snacks) Quaker Oats Aquafina (Drinking
Water) Page | 50

51. Competition Between PepsiCo and Coca-Cola brands Pepsi & Coke: Three Levels of
a Product Fig. 2.1 Page | 51

52. Competition Between PepsiCo and Coca-Cola brands Competitor Capabilities Matrix
TABLE 2.1 Page | 52

53. Competition Between PepsiCo and Coca-Cola brands Differential Competitor

Analysis TABLE 2.2 Page | 53

54. Competition Between PepsiCo and Coca-Cola brands Place Page | 54

55. Competition Between PepsiCo and Coca-Cola brands Fig 2.2 Place Page | 55

56. Competition Between PepsiCo and Coca-Cola brands Coke Sales & Distribution is
handled by a large number of bottlers. 26 bottling plants 60 distribution centres 20
contract packers Over 70000 retail outlets serviced via trucks, converted three wheelers,
tricycles & push carts. 300 million soft drink consumers Pepsi Co. Pioneer in use of
Vending Machines and Restaurant, Departmental Stores Built up distribution network &
bought out a lot of Bottlers Production plants and bottling centres were strategically
placed in large cities all around India Focusing on the rural PepsiCo has 37 bottling
plants in India, including 17 company-owned plants and 20 owned by franchisee partners
Price Page | 56

57. Competition Between PepsiCo and Coca-Cola brands Coke Earlier COST BASED
Pricing. The Rs. 5 (200 ml) and Rs. 8 (300 ml) marketing revolution Coke spends more
on advertising than manufacturing Pepsi Co. Competition based Very flexible to come
down with the price very quickly Promotion Coke Brand Localization Strategy: The
Two Indias India A: Life ho to aisi India B: Thanda Matlab Coca-Cola Small
bottle scheme Pepsi Co. Pepsi balance 2 influences in the minds of the customers:
Youre cool the way you are Dont try to be any different It was positioned as the
new cool youth icon Nothing Official About It Page | 57

58. Competition Between PepsiCo and Coca-Cola brands Yeh Dil Maange More
Mera Number Kab Ayega? Yeh Pyaas Hai Badi Youngistan Change the game
PROMOTION SWOT Analysis: Coke Page | 58

59. Competition Between PepsiCo and Coca-Cola brands STRENGTHS Well

established Global Brand Prior knowledge of Indian market (1958-1977) Tie up with
local players (Britannia Ltd) Strong Fiscals to acquire local business (bottling
plants/local brands) WEAKNESS Improper appreciation of existing Indian Laws at
entry time (in case of acquisition, 49% sale of equity to local partners mandatory)
OPPORTUNITIES Many successful brands to pursue Advertise its less popular
products Buy out competition. More Brand recognition THREATS Strong
Competition from Pepsi and other local brands due to late entry Stricter legal
framework (49% equity to Indian Investors) Decreasing popularity of carbonated drinks
in India SWOT Analysis: Pepsi Co. Page | 59

60. Competition Between PepsiCo and Coca-Cola brands STRENGTHS International

Brand and Global Experience Benefitted by learning from Coca-Cola mistakes in India
pre 1977 Willingness to comply with stringent Indian Laws WEAKNESS Lack of
Experience in Indian market OPPURTUNITIES Food division should expand
Noncarbonated drinks are the fastest-growing part of the industry There are increasing
trend toward healthy foods Focus on most important customer trend - "Convenience".
THREATS Unfriendly political environment and Indian legal framework Competition
from local manufacturers Low demand in Indian market for carbonated drinks Poor
infrastructure especially in rural India Model for Brand Equity for Pepsi & Coke Page |
60

61. Competition Between PepsiCo and Coca-Cola brands Fig 2.3 Segmenting Consumer
Markets for Pepsi & Coke Page | 61

62. Competition Between PepsiCo and Coca-Cola brands Fig 2.4 Advertising Campaign
Page | 62

63. Competition Between PepsiCo and Coca-Cola brands Page | 63

64. Competition Between PepsiCo and Coca-Cola brands Coca-Cola - More Emotional
Page | 64

65. Competition Between PepsiCo and Coca-Cola brands PEPSI - More Youth Centric
Page | 65

66. Competition Between PepsiCo and Coca-Cola brands Ansoff model for Coca-Cola
TABLE 2.3 Page | 66

67. Competition Between PepsiCo and Coca-Cola brands Ansoff model for Pepsi TABLE
2.4 Page | 67

68. Competition Between PepsiCo and Coca-Cola brands Current and Future Strategies
TABLE 2.5 Page | 68

69. Competition Between PepsiCo and Coca-Cola brands CONTENTS Research

Design and Methodology Objective of Study Purpose of the study Research
Design Data collection method Instrument use (Questionnaire) Sample
determination Sampling Hypothesis Development Statement of the problem Page |
69

70. Competition Between PepsiCo and Coca-Cola brands RESEARCH

METHODOLOGY OBJECTIVES: The objectives of the Project Study are: To conduct
a local market survey with the purpose of gathering the necessary data Analysis of the
data collected in order to: To study and assess the competitive position of Coca-Cola

and Pepsi To study retailer expectations To study consumption pattern of the

consumers To study the factors influencing the choice of the brand by the consumers
To study the preferences of different age groups and gender To find the most preferred
cola flavoured drink To find which cola drink has a better flavor/taste To find which
brand has better packaging and labeling To find which brand has a better marketing
campaign and what themes is it based on To determine which brand is most preferred
on the whole To find out which brand is more available at local shops venders,
restaurants, fast-food joints, arcades and sports-oriented bars, etc Page | 70

71. Competition Between PepsiCo and Coca-Cola brands PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
The main purpose of the survey was to find out the preferences of the consumers and find
out which cola-beverage is more popular among the consumers, on basis of the beverage
itself and as well as the respective advertising and marketing strategies. The secondary
purpose was to visit the outlets in a particular area and get as much information as
possible on the two brands. To know the competitive position of Pepsi with respect to
Coca-Cola and the consumption pattern of cola flavoured soft drinks of the consumers
the situation demanded a market study and analysis through a survey so as to give an over
view of the market situation in quantitative terms. The Indian Carbonated Beverage
Industry is a very dynamic industry. The soft drinks are the life style brands and are
closely related to the personal preference of the consumer, which in turn depends on the
consumers social status and income. The game of Cricket is used as a medium to
advertise as the Indian cricket team is sponsored by Pepsi. Brands like Pepsi use the
cricket season to advertise and promote their brands. Various attractive schemes and
offers are also announced during the cricket match season. The national passion for
cricket in the country makes it a unique marketing instrument. Page | 71

72. Competition Between PepsiCo and Coca-Cola brands RESEARCH DESIGN

Selection of Data collection Method: Primary data: Tabular format filling In-depth
Questionnaire/Form Interaction submitted on the internet Secondary data: Internet and
other researches Selection of Measurement Technique: Quantitative analysis, bar graphs
& pie charts. Primary considerations in Sampling - Population: Retailer and consumers
of Chandigarh - Sample Frame: selected areas in Chandigarh - Sample Size: 100
consumers - Sample Plan: Visited various restaurants, fast food joints, bars, arcades by
vehicle. Method of Analysis: Quantitative Ethical aspects: I have made an effort to
make this research study free from personal Opinion and preferences, for my Market
Research project of BBA III . Time and Financial Cost: Total survey took 12 to 15 days
and Cost incurred was Rs 2000/- Limitations of study: Page | 72

73. Competition Between PepsiCo and Coca-Cola brands 1) The study was mostly
confined to Chandigarh city and students 2) The study was limited to only 150 consumers
When conducting a research, the researcher can choose between two approaches;
qualitative and quantitative method. The qualitative method involves the gathering of a
lot of information from few examination units through interviews and observations, while
the quantitative method entails that the researcher collects little information from many
investigation units through, for instance questionnaires. Seeing as the overall purpose of

this paper was to gain a deeper understanding of different factors affecting consumer
preferences on a local market, the quantitative method was applied, and thus a
questionnaire (quantitative data was collected) was conducted in accordance to our The
research was begun with describing different concepts, such as consumer preference,
advertisement and marketing campaign, and thereafter moved towards concrete empirical
evidence, that involved studying the extent in which different international and local
factors influence local consumer preferences. Finally, we analyzed the findings in relation
to theory. As a result, a deductive approach was applied, which implies that the researcher
begins with a theoretical or applied research problem and ends with empirical
measurement and data analysis. Given that the findings were not generalized to the
entire local consumer market, but rather observed a specific group of consumers on the
Chandigarh market, the latter approach was not applicable. The two soft drinks (CocaCola and Pepsi) were purchased at different times, the carbon acid might have been
weaker and disappeared easily in some of the drinks, while in others it must have much
more apparent and lasted longer. As a result, the taste could easily have been affected by
this. Another factor that could have affected the results was the temperature of the drinks.
While in some cases the drinks would be icy cold, they would at other times be at room
temperature, which could affect the Page | 73

74. Competition Between PepsiCo and Coca-Cola brands respondents taste buds and
preferences, and thus a deviation in the results is possible. Moreover, the product that the
respondents normally consume is often refrigerated and thus cold, as well as having a
higher dose of carbon acid, and as a result, if these variables are altered, the taste could
very much have been different, and hence impacting their choice of brands. Another thing
that can be questioned is the consistency of the respondents. We found that the youngest
group of respondents, 20, was easily influenced by one another, in that they discussed
the questions among each other. Thus, the credibility of some of the answers can be
questioned. Finally, we found the oldest group of respondents, 45-60, to be most difficult
to cooperate with, as they were very sceptical and reluctant to participate in the study. As
a result, one could question the sincerity of their answers, and whether they rushed
through the questionnaire and therefore did not answer the question as wholeheartedly as
we would have hoped. Data collection method Data is one out of two types, either
primary which is collected by the researcher/s or secondary data which is gathered by
other researches. We decided to use a questionnaire as our main source of data collection
(primary data), as our aim was to measure consumers understanding and experience of
global advertising campaigns. Consumer preferences The questionnaire initiated with an
introduction to the consumption of the cola drink and hence the questions were designed
in such a way to give an overall view of the respondents relationship to cola as a soft
drink. Instrument use (Questionnaire) The questionnaire allowed us to gather specific
information on how different consumers perceive international advertising campaigns, as
well as the different factors that influence consumer Page | 74

75. Competition Between PepsiCo and Coca-Cola brands preference. According to

(Ruane, 2005), a questionnaire is a self-contained, self-administered instrument for
asking questions. The questionnaire was divided into structured and unstructured
questions accordingly. A structured question may either entail multiple choices,

dichotomous questions, or a scale, whereas an unstructured question is an open-ended

question, which implies that the respondents answer in their own words. The structured
questions that were asked were either dichotomous or scales. In dichotomous questions,
the respondents could only choose between two response alternatives, such as Male or
Female, making it easy to code and analyze. Finally, in combination with the structured
questions, unstructured questions were asked, where the respondents were able to clarify
and express in detail their responses and opinions. One of the main objectives of a
questionnaire is to uplift, motivate, and encourage the respondent to become involved in
the interview, to cooperate, and to complete the interview. This was achieved through
asking interesting questions in combination with visual images to help clarify the
questions. Sample determination The population chosen to investigate in order to reach
the purpose was the chosen local market; consumers of Chandigarh, and thus was decided
upon a combination of quota sampling and convenience sampling from this population.
Quota sampling implies that a researcher can choose to have a specified proportion of the
investigated elements in the study. This partition into different stratums can include
different categories, such as gender, age, lifestyle, and ethnicity. When the researcher has
decided upon which categories to use in the partition, as well as the number of
respondents to investigate, convenience sampling is used to collect them. When
convenience sampling is utilized, there is a lack of a clear sampling strategy and the
researcher decides which elements to study depending on the ease of access. Page | 75

76. Competition Between PepsiCo and Coca-Cola brands SAMPLING The population
chosen to investigate in order to reach the purpose was the chosen local market; Indian
consumers (mostly from Chandigarh City), and thus it was decided upon a combination
of quota sampling and convenience sampling from this population. Quota sampling
implies that a researcher can choose to have a specified proportion of the investigated
elements in the study. This partition into different stratums can include different
categories, such as gender, age, lifestyle, and ethnicity. When the researcher has decided
upon which categories to use in the partition, as well as the number of respondents to
investigate, convenience sampling is used to collect them. When convenience sampling is
utilized, there is a lack of a clear sampling strategy and the researcher decides which
elements to study depending on the ease of access. The quotas that were chosen for this
thesis were divided into three different age groups in accordance to: 20, 20-25, 26-30,
31-45and 45-60. The chosen groups represented a diverse set of people, who are at
different stages in their lives, and thus believed that their perception of international
advertising campaigns and sponsorship activities, as well as international brands would
vary. Consequently, the aim is to study whether age impacts the way in which consumers
are open-minded to advertisement and whether there was a significant difference between
the groups. Various respondents were chosen from each age group: 20: the majority
were seventh to eleventh graders 20-25: students from my University. 26-30: family,
friends, teachers Page | 76

77. Competition Between PepsiCo and Coca-Cola brands 31-45: friends parents 4560: grandparents of friends and others from these respondents were chosen as a result of
easy access, as the majority were either friend or family. Although the researcher did not
have a personal relationship with the majority of the youngest age group, it was still

found to be convenient and easy access to them due to sharing the questionnaire online,
as well as being the easiest and most reluctant group to participate in the study. All the
potential popular beverage serving joints in a particular selected area were considered is
the sample. The sample will be divided in 4 categories. 1. Fast food joints 2. Arcades, 3.
Bars, 4. Restaurant. The sample sizes will be 150 consumers and 17 food joints.
Hypothesis Development In the 1980s, consumers were tested on whether they preferred
the Pepsi product over that of Coca- Colas, and the results proved that the majority did
indeed choose Pepsi. Yet, interestingly enough, Coca-Cola was and still is today the
leader within the cola drink market. Based on these results, we assume the following: H1:
Consumers explicitly prefer one brand but actually favour the taste of another. Page | 77

78. Competition Between PepsiCo and Coca-Cola brands Coca-Colas and Pepsis
marketing strategies differ widely, specifically in that of their advertisements, where
Coca-Cola depends heavily on tradition, while Pepsi relies more on the appeal of
celebrities and young people (www.geocities.com). As a result, we suggest the following:
H2: Seeing as Coca-Cola and Pepsi seem to target different consumers through their
advertisements and sponsorships, we believe that depending on a persons age, the choice
of cola product differs, as well as their taste preference. More specifically, that the
youngest age group particularly have a more positive attitude towards Pepsi on the whole,
whereas the oldest age group are more positive towards Coca-Cola. According to theory,
teenagers have a high need for belonging, independence and approval to name a few, but
more importantly they need to feel accepted, particularly by their peers (Solomon et al.
2001). Consequently, they switch brand preference often and are easy targets for
marketers. Thus advertisement is primarily targeted at them, as they are vulnerable to
consumerism and media (Blackwell et al. 2001). As a result, we propose the following:
H3: People aged twenty and younger have the highest level of knowledge of brand
advertisement, hence they are more influenced by it in their choice of products than any
other age group. Page | 78

79. Competition Between PepsiCo and Coca-Cola brands STATEMENT OF THE

PROBLEM As there is neck to neck competition between PepsiCo and Coca-Cola, the
situation demands a market analysis through the Retailers and Customers which gives an
overview of the market in quantitative terms. The area selected is the city of Chandigarh,
India, mainly, though responses from Consumers of other cities and countries have been
included as well. The purpose of this project is to explore the competitive position of
Regular Pepsi with Regular Coca- Cola, and to explore the consumption pattern of a
regular Cola-flavor soft drink of consumers, and also to study the Retailers expectation.
It is important to know the frequency with which Consumers are drinking their preferred
beverage and whether the consumption frequency depends upon the area they are from.
The company has to know the demands of the customers and their preferred flavors and
brand. It is done through frequently visiting and questioning Retailers, and through
questionnaires and surveys to know the needs of the customer. This survey covers all the
dimensions that dealers consider while carrying out their business. The aim of the survey
was to visit the outlets in a particular sub route and get as much information as possible.
Page | 79

80. Competition Between PepsiCo and Coca-Cola brands Page | 80

81. Competition Between PepsiCo and Coca-Cola brands CONTENTS Analysis &
Interpretation with graphs & pie-charts Discussion of findings and interesting facts with
tables & pie-charts Page | 81

82. Competition Between PepsiCo and Coca-Cola brands Analysis & Interpretation
Which of these drinks do you prefer? Fig. 4.1 (Source Questionnaire) Coca-Cola [85]
57% Pepsi [19] 13% Neither [11] 7% Depends on mood/availability [35] 23%
Interpretation Out of 150 respondents, 85 people (57%) prefer Coca-Cola over Pepsi
while just 19 people (13%) prefer Pepsi over Coca-Cola. Also, 11 people (7%) like
neither of the drinks and 35 people (23%) did not have a fixed choice and/or just drank
whichever drink was available. Which drink do you prefer the taste of? Page | 82

83. Competition Between PepsiCo and Coca-Cola brands Fig. 4.2 (Source
Questionnaire) Coca-Cola [92] 61% Pepsi [19] 13% Like them equally [14] 9% Don't
like either [9] 6% I can't tell the difference [16] 11% Interpretation Out of 150
respondents, 92 people (61%) prefer the taste of Coca-Cola over Pepsi while just 19
people (13%) prefer the taste of Pepsi over Coca-Cola. Also, 14 people (9%) like both of
the drinks equally, 9 people (6%) did not like either of the drinks and 16 people (11%)
could not tell the difference between the two drinks. Interestingly, 7 people out of the 92
people who prefer the taste of Coca-Cola over Pepsi, sometimes buy Pepsi because it is
more available. This maybe because Pepsi has more collaboration with restaurants and
events, as compared to Coca-Cola. Which drinks labeling and/or packaging do you
prefer? Page | 83

84. Competition Between PepsiCo and Coca-Cola brands Interpretation Out of 150
respondents, 128 people (85%) found Coca-Colas Packaging and Labeling more
attractive and relatable than Pepsis Packaging and Labeling. However, just 23 people
(15%) found Pepsis Packaging and Labeling more attractive and relatable than CocaColas Packaging and Labeling. This might be as Coca-Cola is a brand that tries to
connect with their customers whereas Pepsi is more commercialized and concentrates
more on popularity and trends. Although the Packaging and Labeling of both the brands
is very similar, Coca-Cola seems to have employed a better method to connect with its
consumers than Pepsi. Which drink do you think is more popular? Fig. 4.4 Page | 84

85. Competition Between PepsiCo and Coca-Cola brands (Source Questionnaire) CocaCola [109] 73% Pepsi [26] 17% I don't know [15] 10% Interpretation Out of 150
respondents, 109 people (73%) think Coca-Cola is more popular than Pepsi. However,
just 26 people (17%) think Pepsi is more popular than Coca-Cola. And, only 15 people
(10%) did not know which drink or brand was more popular. Out of these 109 people
who think Coca-Cola is more popular than Pepsi, only 92 people like the taste of CocaCola and further only 85 people prefer Coca-Cola over Pepsi. Thus, there were as many
as 24 respondents who knew Coca-Cola was more popular but still prefer Pepsi. This
could be because of brand loyalty or taste preference. Which of these aerated cola
beverages does your local shop offer? Fig. 4.5 Page | 85

86. Competition Between PepsiCo and Coca-Cola brands (Source Questionnaire) CocaCola [16] 11% Pepsi [7] 5% Both [125] 83% Neither [0] 0% Don't know [2] 1%
Interpretation Out of 150 respondents, 16 people (11%) say that their local shop generally
offers Coca- Cola while 7 people (5%) say that their local shop generally offers Pepsi.
But, 125 people (83%) people say that their local shop generally offers both Coca-Cola
and Pepsi. 2 people (1%) also said they did not know which drink their local shop offers.
Which of these brands' marketing campaign do you prefer or find more appealing? Fig.
4.6 Page | 86

87. Competition Between PepsiCo and Coca-Cola brands (Source Questionnaire) CocaCola [97] 65% Pepsi [40] 27% Don't know [12] 8% No response [1] --- Interpretation
Out of 150 respondents, 97 people (65%) prefer the marketing campaign of Coca-Cola
over Pepsi while just 40 people (27%) prefer the marketing campaign of Pepsi over CocaCola. Also, 12 people (8%) could not decide which brands marketing campaign was
better as they were either too similar or had an equally strong impact on the respondents
but in different aspects.1 person did not give any response. Which one do you find more
available when ordering one of these drinks at a restaurant? Fig. 4.7 Page | 87

88. Competition Between PepsiCo and Coca-Cola brands (Source Questionnaire) CocaCola [51] 34% Pepsi [51] 34% Both [34] 23% Don't know [6] 4% I don't usually order
either [9] 6% Interpretation Out of 150 respondents, 51 people (34%) found Coca-Cola
more available in restaurants and again 51 people (34%) found Pepsi more available in
restaurants when they order one of these drinks. 34 people (23%) found both Coca-Cola
and Pepsi equally available at restaurants. Also, 6 people (4%) did not know which one
was more available and 9 people (6%) do not order either of these drinks when they go to
restaurants. How often do you drink the soda you usually drink? (Regular Coca-Cola or
Regular Pepsi) Fig. 4.8 Page | 88

89. Competition Between PepsiCo and Coca-Cola brands (Source Questionnaire)

Everyday [10] 7% 2-6 times a week [46] 30% Every other week [38] 25% Once a month
[14] 9% Only at certain occasions [38] 25% Never [5] 3% Interpretation Out of 150
respondents, 10 people (7%) drink their preferred beverage everyday, 46 people (30%)
drink 2-6 times a week, 38 people (25%) drink their preferred beverage every other week,
14 people (9%) drink Coca-Cola or Pepsi once a week, while 38 people (25%) only drink
either of the two drinks at certain special occasions. Also, 5 people (3%) never drink
these aerated beverages. What influences your choice of carbonated beverage? (Regular
Coca-Cola or regular Pepsi) Fig. 4.9 Page | 89

90. Competition Between PepsiCo and Coca-Cola brands (Source Questionnaire) Taste
[112] 43% Price [14] 5% Availability [65] 25% Advertisement [16] 6% Customer Loyalty
[12] 5% I don't drink these beverages [11] 4% Brand image [29] 11% Interpretation
When asked what influences their choice in aerated beverages, 150 respondents picked
multiple factors. Out of 7 factors, Taste is in the lead with 43% (112 votes) as an
influence in the consumers choice of aerated beverages. Of the other factors, Availability
is at 25% influence (65 votes), Brand image accounts for 11% (29 votes) of the influence,
and the other factors follow closely with a similar impact on the consumers, with

Advertisements at 6% (16 votes), Price at 5% (14 votes) and Customer Loyalty at 5% (12
votes). Also, 4% (11 votes) stated they dont drink the beverages. In which media
channels do you usually recognize Coca-Cola's advertisements? Fig. 4.10 Page | 90

91. Competition Between PepsiCo and Coca-Cola brands (Source Questionnaire) TV

[137] 38% Magazines [29] 8% Radio [18] 5% Posters/Banners [68] 19% Internet [56]
16% None of the above [5] 1% Newspapers [45] 13% Interpretation When asked to pick
the media channels in which the respondents recognize Cocoa-Colas advertisements, TV
was the leading factor with 38% (137 votes) as a media channel. Radio as a media
channel accounts for 5% (18 votes), Internet for 16% (56 votes), Newspapers for 13% (45
votes), Magazines for 8% (29 votes), Posters/Banners for 19% (68 votes) and 1% (5
votes) for none of the above. Thus TV is a leading media channel, followed by
Posters/Banners, Internet and Newspapers as majority of the media channels recognized
by respondents for Cocoa-Colas advertisements, by 150 respondents. In which media
channels do you usually recognize Pepsi's advertisements? Fig. 4.11 Page | 91

92. Competition Between PepsiCo and Coca-Cola brands (Source Questionnaire) TV

[136] 43% Magazines [29] 9% Radio [14] 4% Posters/Banners [56] 18% Internet [38]
12% None of the above [8] 3% Newspapers [33] 11% Interpretation When asked to pick
the media channels in which the respondents recognize Pepsis advertisements, TV was
the leading factor with 43% (136 votes) as a media channel. Radio as a media channel
accounts for 4% (14 votes), Internet for 12% (38 votes), Newspapers for 11% (33 votes),
Magazines for 9% (29 votes), Posters/Banners for 18% (56 votes) and 3% (8 votes) for
none of the above. Thus TV is a leading media channel, followed by Posters/Banners,
Internet and Newspapers as majority of the media channels recognized by respondents for
Pepsis advertisements, by 150 respondents. Page | 92

93. Competition Between PepsiCo and Coca-Cola brands What's your general impression
of Coca-Cola's advertisements? Fig. 4.12 (Source Questionnaire) Traditional [25] 10%
Enjoyable [89] 34% Controversial [9] 3% Provocative [10] 4% Trendy [49] 19% Warm
[35] 14% Commercialized [42] 16% Interpretation When asked what the 150
respondents general impression of the Coca-Colas advertisements was, the maximum
votes were received for Enjoyable at 34% (89 votes), followed by Trendy at 19% (49
votes), Commercialized at 16% (42 votes), Warm at 14% (35 votes). Other responses
were for Traditional ay 10% (25 votes), Provocative at 4% (10 votes) and Controversial
at 3% (9 votes). What's your general impression of Pepsi's advertisements? Page | 93

94. Competition Between PepsiCo and Coca-Cola brands Fig. 4.13 (Source
Questionnaire) Traditional [17] 8% Enjoyable [57] 27% Controversial [10] 5%
Provocative [6] 3% Trendy [52] 25% Warm [2] 1% Commercialized [67] 32%
Interpretation When asked what the 150 respondents general impression of Pepsis
advertisements was, the maximum votes were received for Commercialized at 32% (67
votes), followed by Enjoyable at 27% (57 votes), Trendy at 25% (52 votes). Other
responses were for Traditional ay 8% (17 votes), Controversial at 5% (10 votes),
Provocative at 3% (6 votes) and Warm at 1% (2 votes). Which brand do you prefer as a
whole? Page | 94

95. Competition Between PepsiCo and Coca-Cola brands Fig. 4.14 (Source
Questionnaire) Coca-Cola [112] 75% Pepsi [16] 11% Neither [10] 7% Can't decide [12]
8% Interpretation Out of 150 respondents, 112 people (75%) prefer Coco-Cola as brand,
while only 16 people (11%) prefer Pepsi as a brand. Of 150 respondents, 12 people (8%)
couldnt decide which brand they preferred as a whole, while 10 people (7%) didnt
prefer either brand. What is your age? Page | 95

96. Competition Between PepsiCo and Coca-Cola brands Interpretation Of the 150
respondents who answered the survey, 10 people (6.5%) are below the age of 20, 107
people (72%) are of the age 20-25 years, 24 people (15.8%) are between the age of 26
and 30 years, 4 people (2.5%) are of the age 31-45 years, and 5 people (3.2%) are
between the age of 45 and 60 years. There are no people above the age of 60 who
answered the survey. What is your gender? Page | 96

97. Competition Between PepsiCo and Coca-Cola brands Fig. 4.16 (Source
Questionnaire) Male [78] 52% Female [72] 48% Interpretation The gender of the
respondents was almost equally divided. Out of 150 respondents, 78 (52%) were Male
whereas 72 respondents (48%) were Female. What is your current occupation? Page | 97

98. Competition Between PepsiCo and Coca-Cola brands Fig. 4.17 (Source
Questionnaire) Student [118] 79% Working [23] 15% Other [9] 6% Interpretation Out of
150 respondents who took the survey, the majority consisted of students at 79% (118
respondents). Of the remaining 32 respondents, 23 (15%) are working, and 9 respondents
(6%) chose Other (thus neither student nor working). Which city do you live in? Page |
98

99. Competition Between PepsiCo and Coca-Cola brands Interpretation The respondents
of the survey came from various cities and countries from across the world. The majority,
out of 150 is from Chandigarh, India, from where 105 people (69.5%) answered the
survey. This category includes the responses from Mohali and Panchkula. Of the
remaining people, 23 respondents (15.2%) were from New Delhi, India (including people
from Noida and Gurgaon), and 23 people (15.3%) were from other cities in India, such as
Shimla, Kolkata, Bangalore, or from other cities and/or countries like Dubai, Canada,
USA, Iceland, Ukraine, New Zealand, UK, and Australia. Page | 99

100. Competition Between PepsiCo and Coca-Cola brands If you have any further
comments regarding this subject, please write them below. Pepsi is sweeter than CocaCola Both Soda companies are neck to neck in terms of building/recreating brand but
Coca-Cola uses genuine and relatable images in their advertisements whereas Pepsi has
always been dependent on the gets-you-the-girl or gym-fridge-drink themes. But since
the products are similar, it will basically come down to availability for general audience.
Only highly loyal customers will stick to their chosen brand. Do let me know the result of
your research :) Coca-Cola's Advertisements should be relevant to the item, and should
not showcase happiness! As a suggestion, I would also like these drinks to become
healthier. For example, they can come with added minerals and vitamins. I love thumbs

up though, but Coca-Colas way better than Pepsi Coca-Cola not easily available at
restaurants. Taste is the main and only factor why I like to buy Pepsi, as it is sweeter as
compared to coke and I like sweet. In some cases, my local store on a given day is
stocked entirely with either Pepsi or Coke. There is never a higher ratio of Coke to Pepsi.
I like Redbull I find both drinks way too sweet. I drink carbonated drinks very
occasionally, but usually prefer 7up or Sprite. Thums Up is my favourite though. Thums
Up is the bomb. Thums Up > any other carbonated drink. Coke all the way!!! Both
brands are equally good. To conclude the above comments, It can be said that people
think Pepsi is sweeter than Coke so it has an upper hand over Coke. It will always win in
the Blind Taste Test or the Pepsi Challenge. Coca-Cola uses genuine and relatable
images in their advertisements whereas Pepsi has always been dependent on the gets-youthe-girl or gym-fridge-drink themes. But since the products are similar, it basically comes
down to availability for general audience. Only highly loyal customers stick to their
chosen brand. People also said that Coca-Cola was not easily available at restaurants near
them. Some people did not drink these beverages at all as they were not healthy drinks.
Few people even stated that Thums Up was better than Coca-Cola or Pepsi and that it
should be compared with the two. Some people said that their local shop owners sell both
Coke and Pepsi, but at different occasions or days. Also, even though some people did
not consume either of these drinks, they like Limca, Mountain Dew, 7up and/or Sprite as
they were much more refreshing. Some people only drink energy drinks like Redbull and
some people think both Coca-Cola and Pepsi are very sweet. Page | 100

101. Competition Between PepsiCo and Coca-Cola brands Findings based on survey
done by going to various fast-food joints TABLE 4.1 PEPS I COCA- COLA DOMINOS
X PIZZA HUT X YO CHINA X SUBWAY X QUIZNOS X MCDONALDS X PVR
CINEMAS X DT CINEMAS X FUN CINEMAS X WAVE CINEMAS X KFC X
NANDOS X LA Pinos X Chili's X BLU-O X UNDERDOGGS X SAGAR RATNA X
After visiting more than 15 joints including fast-food restaurants, cinemas, bowling
arcades, sports bars, it was found that 9 out of 17 joints (53%) served Pepsi while 8 out of
17 joints (47%) served Coca-Cola. Pepsi and Coca-Cola have almost equal amount of tie
ups in India, i.e. both Pepsi and Coca-Cola have tie ups with 2 out of 4 (50%) popular
cinemas i.e. PVR Cinemas and Fun Cinemas, and Wave Cinemas and DT Cinemas,
respectively. While both the sports bar, Underdoggs, and Bowling Arcade, Blu-o, serve
Pepsi, international chains like Nandos and Chilis serve Coca-Cola. Rival food chains
like Subway-Quiznos and Dominos-Pizza Hut serve Coca-Cola and Pepsi respectively.
While Pepsi has KFC, Coca-Cola has McDonalds, both international giants. Pepsi has a
Page | 101

102. Competition Between PepsiCo and Coca-Cola brands lot of tie ups with small fast
food joints and Indian restaurants so it wins the war in Chandigarh where the number of
joints that serve Pepsi, is concerned. Consumers Response Analysis The following
findings are based on the survey that consists of sample size of 100 consumer
respondents distributed in selected areas of Chandigarh city and 50 respondents from all
over the world. Interesting facts 1) 7 people, out of the 92 people who prefer the taste of
Coca-Cola over Pepsi, sometimes buy Pepsi because it is more available. This maybe

because Pepsi has more collaboration with restaurants and events, as compared to CocaCola. 2) Although the Packaging and Labeling of both the brands is very similar, CocaCola has a classic approach and seems to have employed a better method to connect with
its consumers than Pepsi. Fig. 4.19 Page | 102

103. Competition Between PepsiCo and Coca-Cola brands 3) There were as many as 24
respondents who knew Coca-Cola was more popular but still prefer Pepsi. This could be
because of brand loyalty or taste preference. 4) Consumption pattern of soft drink
TABLE 4.2 PEPSI COCA-COLA Pepsi as a whole Prefer Pepsi Coke as a whole Prefer
Coke Only at certain occasions 3 5 25 14 Once a month 0 1 11 7 Every other week 7 6 27
24 2-6 times a week 4 4 38 33 Everyday 1 2 9 7 Never 1 1 2 0 We can see that people
who like Pepsi as a whole and/or prefer Pepsi consume the drink mostly every other week
(44% and 32% respectively) whereas people who like Coca-Cola as a whole and/or prefer
Coca-Cola consume the drink mostly 2-6 times a week (34% and 40%
respectively).Hence, people who like Coca-Cola as a whole or prefer it over Pepsi,
consume it more often and in more quantity than people who like Pepsi as a whole or
Prefer Pepsi over Coca-Cola. Page | 103

104. Competition Between PepsiCo and Coca-Cola brands Page | 104

105. Competition Between PepsiCo and Coca-Cola brands Page | 105

106. Competition Between PepsiCo and Coca-Cola brands 5) AGE VS. PREFERENCE
By looking at the collected data, there is no doubt that the age group that drinks the most
quantity and frequently is 20-25.With 74%, 74%, 72% and 70% for people who like
Pepsi as a whole and Prefer Pepsi and, like Coca-Cola as a whole and Prefer Coca-Cola,
respectively; the age group 20-25 is in the lead. Out of the people who like Pepsi as a
whole and/or prefer Pepsi, 13% and 16%, respectively, are below 20. But only 6%
(People who like Coke as a whole) and 5% (People who prefer Coke) are below 20.
Hence, people below 20 like Pepsi more. This could be explained by the fact that
teenagers put more time into shopping and thus spend more time on evaluating products,
and since they tend to switch brands often, they also have higher requirements for
products. A reason for this difference between the two groups could be due to the fact that
the young adults evaluate products in a very sophisticated manner, as a result of being
Page | 106 TABLE 4.3 PEPSI COCA-COLA Pepsi as a whole Prefer Pepsi Coke as a
whole Prefer Coke Below 20 2 3 7 4 20-25 12 14 81 60 26-30 2 2 16 13 31-45 0 0 4 3 4560 0 0 4 5

107. Competition Between PepsiCo and Coca-Cola brands involved in most of the family
shopping (Solomon et al. 2001), and thus are more conscious about product attributes,
and thus classify them higher. In the data collected, not even a single respondent from age
groups 31-45 and 45-60 chose Pepsi as a preference or as a better brand on a whole. It is
therefore safe to say that age groups 31-45 and 45-60 trust in Coca-Cola and are loyal to
the brand. Page | 107

108. Competition Between PepsiCo and Coca-Cola brands 6) OCCUPATION VS.

PREFERENCE TABLE 4.4 PEPSI COCA-COLA Pepsi as a whole Prefer Pepsi Coke as
a whole Prefer Coke Student 14 17 88 65 Working 2 2 24 20 By looking at the data
above, we can see that out of the people who like Pepsi as a whole and/or people who
prefer Pepsi, 87% and 89% respectively, are students whereas only 13% and 11% Page |
108

109. Competition Between PepsiCo and Coca-Cola brands respectively, are working or
non-students. Out of the people who like Coca-Cola as a whole and/or people who prefer
Coca-Cola, 79% and 76% respectively, are students whereas only 21% and 24%
respectively, are working or non-students. Hence, there are a higher percentage of nonstudents who like Pepsi as a whole or prefer it over Coca-Cola. But still in the big picture,
both students and non students have more responses for the brand Coca-Cola. 7)
GENDER VS. PREFERENCE TABLE 4.5 PEPSI COCA-COLA Pepsi as a whole Prefer
Pepsi Coke as a whole Prefer Coke Male 9 8 58 45 Female 7 11 54 40 We can see that out
of the people who like Pepsi as a whole and/or people who prefer Pepsi, 56% and 42%
respectively, are male and 44% and 58% respectively, are female. Out of the people who
like Coca-Cola as a whole and/or people who prefer Coca-Cola, 52% and 53%
respectively, are male and 48% and 47% respectively, are female. While the sex ratio has
been more or less equal, there were more males out of the people who liked Coca-Cola as
a whole or preferred it over Pepsi. 8) PREFERENCE VS. BRAND TABLE 4.6
Preference PEPSI as a whole COCA-COLA as a whole Depends on mood or availability
6 22 Page | 109

110. Competition Between PepsiCo and Coca-Cola brands By looking at the above
observation, we can see that out of the people who like Pepsi as a whole, there were 21%
people whose preference depended on mood or availability while there were 79% people,
that of Coca-Cola. This may be due to less availability of Coca-Cola in their local shops.
Also, as we know Pepsi has been in India much before Coca-Cola, it has more loyal
customers who do not switch brands at all. 9) BRAND VS. PREFERENCE TABLE 4.7
Prefer PEPSI But Like Coca-Cola As a Whole 6 Prefer COCA-COLA But Like Pepsi As
a Whole 1 By looking at the above observation, we can see that out of the people who
prefer Pepsi, there were 85% people who still chose Coca-Cola as a better brand as a
whole while there were 15% people, that of Coca-Cola who thought Pepsi was a better
brand as a whole. This may be due to the face that people are loyal to Pepsi to the extent
that they know Coca-Cola is a better brand but still stick to Pepsi. This also may be
because some people despise change. Coca-Cola may have better advertisement and
marketing strategies to make it seem a better brand. 10) AGE VS. POSITIVE VIEW ON
BRANDS TABLE 4.8 Age Coca-Cola Pepsi Page | 110

111. Competition Between PepsiCo and Coca-Cola brands 20 92% 70% 20-25 84%
68% 26-30 76% 46% 31-45 70% 35% 45-60 65% 20% When comparing age to the way
in which the respondents view the two different brands, Coca-Cola and Pepsi, we found
that the youngest age group had the largest majority of respondents who had an overall
positive view on the two brands. Generally speaking, Coca- Cola was better perceived
than Pepsi which could imply that Coca-Cola has succeeded in positioning themselves in

the minds of the consumers. Seeing as positioning refers to consumers perception of a

brand as compared with that of competitors brands, that is, the mental image that a
brand, or the company as a whole, evokes (Czinkota et al. 2001, p. 313). As a result, one
can assume that Coca-Cola, in this case, has gained competitive advantage over Pepsi.
11) OFFICES IN CHANDIGARH TABLE 4.9 Coca-Cola Pepsi Offices in Chandigarh
Sco-4-5, Sec-9d, Sector-9, Ch andigarh - 160009 Plot Number 28, Near Westside, Phase
I, Industrial Area, Chandigarh - 160002 Fixed Landline Numbers +(91)-172-5017759
+(91)-172-3016500, 3016521 Mobile Numbers N/A +(91)-9646733004, 9888140868,
(Source JUSTDIAL.COM) Both the brands have one office in the city. Coca-Colas
office is centrally located in the city while Pepsis office is located in the industrial area
of the city. Both the showrooms are equally impressive and similar in terms of space.
Page | 111

112. Competition Between PepsiCo and Coca-Cola brands CONTENTS Suggestions for
Pepsi Conclusion, a proposed action plan with resource requirements
Recommendation Page | 112

113. Competition Between PepsiCo and Coca-Cola brands Suggestions for Pepsi
Consumers like the taste of Pepsi but they expect more improvements to be done with the
brand to be at par with Coca-Cola. They can change their marketing strategy to boost
sales and make their brand more acceptable. Good taste is the major factor, which
influence to buy a soft drink. Therefore the company should try to retain its taste.
Retailers are satisfied with sale Pepsi but they also expect better benefits like repair
charges, cooling charges, gifts and improved taste. So, that they can sell more. Coca-Cola
provides better benefits and hence Pepsi should also do the same. As a major segment
of consumers are student / teenagers, sponsoring them for their educational assistance
like scholarship and prizes would surely increase the brand image. Pepsi should also
focus on age groups like 31-45 and 45-60 and not only teenagers and students. Page | 113

114. Competition Between PepsiCo and Coca-Cola brands The company should
undertake social responsibility campaigns like AIDS awareness, population control
pollution control etc and activities like construction of hospital, roads. Consumer
prefers Pepsi for different occasion and they dont want to change brand. So in order to
retain them the company should maintain quality of the product. Majority of the
respondents feel that celebrities really influence to buy a soft drink so company should
concentrate on these aspects and continue on bagging the different celebrities that are
popular at different time periods. CONCLUSION From this study, it can be concluded
that in order for international companies to be successful and gain competitive advantage
on the local market, it is vital that they implement a combination of the studied factors in
their marketing strategy so as to best reach target groups. More specifically, the strategies
should be tailored in accordance with the target groups age, seeing as consumer
preferences vary depending on a persons age. Lastly, although advertising campaigns are
still efficient in reminding and persuading consumers of brands and products, companies
must differentiate themselves in their messages and techniques, etc. As advertisement
clutter is at a rise. It is true to an extent that the consumer is in a state of confusion more

than comfort. Due to the mind- boggling advertising and strategies used by all the brands,
consumer choice has increased numerously. Still consumer is the king holds its highest
value. Although there is a neck to neck competition with Pepsi, Coca-Cola had emerged
as the stronger brand. Page | 114

115. Competition Between PepsiCo and Coca-Cola brands The factors influencing while
decision-making in consuming soft drinks in Chandigarh are the taste of the product,
brand name and advertisements and celebrities that influence the consumer attitude to a
larger extent. There is greater market potential for Coca-Colas soft drink business in
Chandigarh City due to the presence of a larger population of college students in the city.
At present, Coca-Cola brands, especially regular flavored soft drinks, have a greater
market share in Chandigarh City when compared to the Pepsis regular flavored soft
drinks among the international brands. Coca-Cola is the most preferred brand. Even
though Pepsi is sweet, Coca-Cola is the brand which has the better taste, according to
people. Coca-Cola has better packaging and labeling. Coca-Cola has a better brand
campaign and it has a more enjoyable, emotional, warm and traditional concept. CocaCola has more collaboration with fast food joints, restaurants, sports bars and arcades
world-wide but Pepsi has more collaboration in the city. Thus, this report comes to the
conclusion that, since the city of Chandigarh is a potential market for Coca-Cola, the
company must concentrate on retaining the lead in the future and dominate the market by
improved, sweeter taste and continuing their marketing strategies. According to the
respondents, there is no doubt that Coca-Cola is the better overall brand and wins the
battle over rival, Pepsi. RECOMMENDATION When work began on this journal, it was
believed that consumers choose products on the basis of quality, i.e. the taste. This turned
out to be quite the opposite in that the majority of the respondents did not choose their
preferred brands. Furthermore, preconceived opinions about the effect Coca- Colas and
Pepsis advertisements alone had on consumers choice of product, and also that their
advertising campaigns were more known on the local market. However, this study not
only proved that advertisement is much more efficient in combination with other
marketing factors, but it also Page | 115

116. Competition Between PepsiCo and Coca-Cola brands demonstrated that the majority
of the consumers on the local market did not specifically know of the two companies
advertising campaigns. Page | 116

117. Competition Between PepsiCo and Coca-Cola brands BIBLIOGRAPHY

Marketing Management Philip Kotler Marketing Research Tull and Hawkins
Contemporary Marketing Review Vol. 1 - Seyyedeh Mehrsa Hashemi, Yasaman Darabi
Coke vs. Pepsi Overview Rahul Shinde COCA-COLA Allen, Frederick. Secret
Formula: How Brilliant Marketing and Relentless Salesmanship Made Coca-Cola the
Best-Known Product in the World. New York: Harper Business, 1994. Blanding,
Michael. The Coke Machine: The Dirty Truth Behind the Worlds Favorite Soft Drink.
New York: Avery, 2010. Elmore, Bartow J. "Citizen Coke: An Environmental and
Political History of the Coca-Cola Company," Enterprise & Society (2013) 14#4 pp 717731 online Foster, Robert. Coca-Globalization: Following Soft Drinks from New York

to New Guinea. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2008. Hays, Constance L. The Real
Thing: Truth and Power at the Coca-Cola Company. New York: Random House, 2004.
Kahn, Ely J., Jr. The Big Drink: The Story of Coca-Cola. New York: Random House,
1960. Page | 117

118. Competition Between PepsiCo and Coca-Cola brands Louis, Jill Chen and Harvey
Z. Yazijian. The Cola Wars. New York: Everest House Publishers, 1980. PEPSI
Beverage World Magazine, January 1998, "Celebrating a Century of Refreshment: Pepsi
The First 100 Years" Stoddard, Bob. Pepsi-Cola 100 Years (1997), General
Publishing Group, Los Angeles, CA, USA "History & Milestones" (1996), Pepsi
packet Louis, J.C. & Yazijian, Harvey Z. "The Cola Wars" (1980), Everest House,
Publishers, New York, NY, USA Internet Websites: www. Pepsiworld.com
http://www.pepsi.com/en-us/about http://www.Coca-Colacompany.com/our-company/
http://drive.google.com/ (Used to prepare the questionnaire Facebook.com (Used as
a medium to share the survey) CONTENTS Questionnaire Page | 118

119. Competition Between PepsiCo and Coca-Cola brands QUESTIONNAIRE Pepsi vs.
Coca-Cola My name is Dushyant Singh, and I am studying BBA at PGGC 11,
Chandigarh. This survey is created in order to help me with my market research regarding
Coca-Cola and Pepsi. The questions ask you your personal opinion about these
carbonated beverages- regular Coca-Cola and regular Pepsi, and it does not require that
you have any special knowledge about the sodas. I would deeply appreciate if you would
take two minutes of your time to complete this short questionnaire about the beverages.
Your answers will be beneficial for the research, but you will remain anonymous as your
answers will not be linked with your name. I will be happy to send you the results of the
study if requested. In order to conduct this questionnaire, please tick in the provided
circle to the appropriate answer. The survey concerns only the regular Coca-Cola soda,
and the regular Pepsi soda, and not the other beverages or products the companies offer.
Which of these drinks do you prefer? Note: Questions only refer to the classic cola drinks
of Coca-Cola and Pepsi Mark only one oval. Coca-Cola Pepsi Neither Depends on
mood/availability Page | 119

120. Competition Between PepsiCo and Coca-Cola brands Which drink do you prefer the
taste of? Mark only one oval. Coca-Cola Pepsi Like them equally Don't like either
I can't tell the difference Which drink's labeling and/or packaging do you prefer? Mark
only one oval. Coca-Cola Pepsi Which drink do you think is more popular? Mark only
one oval. Coca-Cola Pepsi I don't know Which of these aerated cola beverages does
your local shop offer? Mark only one oval. Coca-Cola Pepsi Both Neither Don't
know Which of these brands' marketing campaign do you prefer or find more appealing?
Mark only one oval. Coca-Cola Pepsi Don't know Which one do you find more
available when ordering one of these drinks at a restaurant? Mark only one oval. CocaCola Pepsi Both Don't know I don't usually order either How often do you drink the
soda you usually drink? (Regular Coca-Cola or Regular Pepsi) Mark only one oval.
Everyday 2-6 times a week Every other week Page | 120

121. Competition Between PepsiCo and Coca-Cola brands Once a month Only at
certain occasions Never What influences your choice of carbonated beverage? (Regular
Coca-Cola or regular Pepsi) Select as many options as appropriate Check all that apply.
Taste Availability Customer Loyalty Brand image Price Advertisement I don't
drink these beverages In which media channels do you usually recognize Coca-Cola's
advertisements? Select as many as appropriate Check all that apply. TV Radio
Internet Newspapers Magazines Posters/Banners None of the above In which media
channels do you usually recognize Pepsi's advertisements? Select as many as appropriate
Check all that apply. TV Radio Internet Newspapers Magazines Posters/Banners
None of the above What's your general impression of Coca-Cola's advertisements?
Select as many as appropriate Check all that apply. Traditional Controversial Trendy
Commercialized Enjoyable Provocative Page | 121

122. Competition Between PepsiCo and Coca-Cola brands Warm What's your general
impression of Pepsi's advertisements? Select as many as appropriate Check all that apply.
Traditional Controversial Trendy Commercialized Enjoyable Provocative
Warm Which brand do you prefer as a whole? Mark only one oval. Coca-Cola Pepsi
Neither Can't decide What is your age? Mark only one oval. Below 20 20-25 26-30
31-45 45-60 Above 60 What is your gender? Mark only one oval. Male Female
What is your current occupation? Mark only one oval. Student Working Other:
Which country do you live in? If India, please mention the city If you have any further
comments regarding this subject, please write them below. Any comments will be much
appreciated! (You can even mention your names here) Page | 122

123. Competition Between PepsiCo and Coca-Cola brands Number of daily responses
Fig. 1 105 responses were collected on 5th february 2014, 21 on 6th february, 2 on 7th
february, while 7 responses were collected on 8th february. After an interval of two days,
15 responses were collected on the 11th . It took a total of 7 days to collect all the
responses. Page | 123

124. Competition Between PepsiCo and Coca-Cola brands RESPONSES Page | 124

125. Competition Between PepsiCo and Coca-Cola brands Which of these drinks do you
prefer? Which drink do you prefer the taste of? Which drink's labelling and/or packaging
do you prefer? Which drink do you think is more popular? Which of these aerated cola
beverages does your local shop offer? Which of these brands' marketing campaign do you
prefer or find more appealing? Which one do you find more available when ordering one
of these drinks at a restaurant? How often do you drink the soda you usually drink?
(Regular Coca- Cola or Regular Pepsi) What influences your choice of carbonated
beverage? (Regular Coca-Cola or regular Pepsi) In cha usu C adv Coca-Cola Coca-Cola
Coca-Cola Pepsi Both Coca-Cola Both Only at certain occasions Taste TV, Post CocaCola Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Both Coca-Cola Both 2-6 times a week Taste TV,
Inter New Mag Post Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Both Coca-Cola Pepsi
Only at certain occasions Taste TV, Post Pepsi Pepsi Pepsi Pepsi Both Pepsi Pepsi Never
I don't drink these beverages TV Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Pepsi Both Coca-Cola
Pepsi Every other week Taste, Availability TV, Mag Post Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Coca-

Cola I don't know Both Coca-Cola Pepsi Every other week Taste, Brand image, Price,
Advertisemen t TV, New Mag Post Neither Don't like either Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Both
Coca-Cola Pepsi Never Taste, Brand image TV, Post Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Coca-Cola
Coca-Cola Both Coca-Cola Pepsi Only at certain occasions Taste, Availability TV, Post
Depends on mood/availability I can't tell the difference Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Both CocaCola Coca-Cola 2-6 times a week Availability TV, Post Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Coca-Cola
Coca-Cola Both Pepsi Both Only at certain occasions Taste TV, Post Coca-Cola CocaCola Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Everyday Taste, Availability, Customer
Loyalty, Brand image, Price, Advertisemen t Neither Don't like either Coca-Cola CocaCola Both Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Only at certain Taste, Price, I don't drink TV, New Page
| 125

126. Competition Between PepsiCo and Coca-Cola brands occasions these beverages
Mag Post Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Both Coca-Cola Coca-Cola
Everyday Taste TV, Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Coca-Cola
Coca-Cola Every other week Taste TV Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Both
Coca-Cola Coca-Cola 2-6 times a week Taste TV, Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Coca-Cola
Coca-Cola Both Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Once a month Taste, Availability, Advertisemen t
TV, New Mag Post Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Pepsi CocaCola Every other week Taste, Brand image TV, Mag Post Coca-Cola Coca-Cola CocaCola I don't know Both Don't know Both 2-6 times a week Taste, Availability TV CocaCola Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Both Coca-Cola Pepsi 2-6 times a week Taste TV,
New Post Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Coca-Cola I don't know Both Coca-Cola Coca-Cola 2-6
times a week Taste, Availability TV Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Both
Pepsi Both Every other week Taste, Customer Loyalty TV, Coca-Cola Coca-Cola CocaCola Coca-Cola Both Coca-Cola Pepsi 2-6 times a week Taste TV Coca-Cola Coca-Cola
Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Everyday Taste TV, Post Pepsi
Like them equally Pepsi Pepsi Pepsi Coca-Cola Pepsi 2-6 times a week Taste,
Availability, Brand image Post Depends on mood/availability I can't tell the difference
Coca-Cola I don't know Both Coca-Cola Pepsi Once a month Taste, Price TV, Inter New
Post Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Pepsi Both Pepsi Pepsi Only at certain occasions
Taste, Availability Non Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Both Coca-Cola
Pepsi 2-6 times a week Taste, Availability TV, Post Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Coca-Cola I
don't know Both Coca-Cola Both 2-6 times a week Taste TV, Post Pepsi Pepsi Coca-Cola
Coca-Cola Both Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Everyday Taste, Customer Loyalty TV, New Post
Depends on mood/availability Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Both Don't know CocaCola 2-6 times a week Availability TV Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Don't
know Don't know I don't usually order either Only at certain occasions Taste TV, Post
Depends on mood/availability Like them equally Coca-Cola I don't know Both Don't
know Don't know Every other week Availability, Price TV Depends on Coca-Cola CocaCola Coca-Cola Both Pepsi Both Only at Taste TV Page | 126

127. Competition Between PepsiCo and Coca-Cola brands mood/availability certain

occasions Depends on mood/availability Like them equally Coca-Cola Coca-Cola CocaCola Pepsi Pepsi Only at certain occasions Price Post Depends on mood/availability I
can't tell the difference Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Both Coca-Cola I don't usually order either

Only at certain occasions Availability TV, Inter Post Depends on mood/availability Pepsi
Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Both Coca-Cola Pepsi 2-6 times a week Taste TV Coca-Cola
Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Pepsi Both Pepsi Pepsi 2-6 times a week Brand image TV Pepsi
Pepsi Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Both Coca-Cola Both Only at certain occasions Taste,
Availability TV, Post Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Coca-Cola
Coca-Cola Everyday Taste TV Depends on mood/availability Don't like either Coca-Cola
Pepsi Both Coca-Cola Both Only at certain occasions I don't drink these beverages TV
Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Pepsi Both Coca-Cola Pepsi 2-6 times a week Taste TV
Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Both Coca-Cola Pepsi 2-6 times a week
Taste, Availability, Customer Loyalty, Brand image, Advertisemen t TV, Mag Post CocaCola Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Both Coca-Cola Both 2-6 times a week Taste,
Customer Loyalty, Brand image, Advertisemen t TV, Mag Post Coca-Cola Coca-Cola
Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Both Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Every other week Taste TV, Post CocaCola Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Both Coca-Cola Both Only at certain occasions
Taste, Brand image TV Depends on mood/availability Don't like either Coca-Cola CocaCola Both Don't know I don't usually order either Only at certain occasions I don't drink
these beverages TV Pepsi Like them equally Pepsi Coca-Cola Both Coca-Cola Coca-Cola
2-6 times a week Taste, Price TV Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Both Don't
know Coca-Cola 2-6 times a week Taste, Brand image TV Coca-Cola Coca-Cola CocaCola Coca-Cola Both Coca-Cola Both 2-6 times a week Taste, Availability TV Coca-Cola
Coca-Cola I don't know Both Coca-Cola Pepsi Only at certain occasions Taste TV
Depends on mood/availability I can't tell the difference Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Both CocaCola Coca-Cola Only at certain occasions Availability, Advertisemen t TV, Post Page |
127

128. Competition Between PepsiCo and Coca-Cola brands Depends on mood/availability

I can't tell the difference Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Both Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Only at
certain occasions Availability, Advertisemen t TV, Post Pepsi Pepsi Pepsi Pepsi Both
Pepsi Both 2-6 times a week Brand image TV Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Coca-Cola CocaCola Both Coca-Cola Pepsi 2-6 times a week Taste, Customer Loyalty, Brand image TV,
Pepsi I can't tell the difference Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Both Coca-Cola Don't know Every
other week Availability, Brand image TV, Depends on mood/availability Like them
equally Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Pepsi Only at certain occasions
Taste, Availability TV, Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Both Don't know
Coca-Cola Everyday Taste, Availability, Price TV, Post Neither Don't like either Pepsi
Pepsi Both Pepsi Both Never I don't drink these beverages TV, Coca-Cola Coca-Cola
Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Both Pepsi Coca-Cola Every other week Taste, Availability TV,
New Depends on mood/availability I can't tell the difference Pepsi Coca-Cola Both Pepsi
Coca-Cola Every other week Availability, Brand image TV, Post Coca-Cola Coca-Cola
Coca-Cola I don't know Both Don't know Pepsi Every other week Taste, Customer
Loyalty TV, Post Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Coca-Cola I don't know Both Pepsi Pepsi 2-6
times a week Taste, Price TV, Post Coca-Cola Like them equally Pepsi Coca-Cola Pepsi
Coca-Cola Both 2-6 times a week Availability TV, Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Coca-Cola
Coca-Cola Both Don't know Pepsi Only at certain occasions Taste, Brand image TV, New
Pepsi Pepsi Pepsi Coca-Cola Both Pepsi Coca-Cola Everyday Taste TV Coca-Cola CocaCola Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Pepsi Every other week Taste,

Availability, Brand image TV, Post Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Both
Coca-Cola Pepsi Once a month Taste, Availability, Customer Loyalty, Brand image TV,
Inter Mag Post Depends on mood/availability Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Both
Coca-Cola Both Everyday Taste, Availability TV, Mag Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Coca-Cola
Coca-Cola Both Coca-Cola Pepsi Every other week Taste TV, Post Coca-Cola Coca-Cola
Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Everyday Taste, Brand image
TV, Post Page | 128

129. Competition Between PepsiCo and Coca-Cola brands Coca-Cola Coca-Cola CocaCola Coca-Cola Both Coca-Cola Pepsi 2-6 times a week Taste, Brand image, Price,
Advertisemen t TV, New Mag Post Depends on mood/availability Like them equally
Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Both Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Every other week Availability,
Advertisemen t TV Coca-Cola Like them equally Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Both Coca-Cola
Coca-Cola 2-6 times a week Taste TV, Post Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Coca-Cola
Both Coca-Cola I don't usually order either Every other week Taste, Brand image TV,
Post Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Both Pepsi Both 2-6 times a week
Availability, Brand image TV, Mag Post Coca-Cola Don't like either Coca-Cola CocaCola Both Coca-Cola Both Once a month Taste TV Pepsi Pepsi Coca-Cola Coca-Cola
Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Every other week Taste, Availability, Price TV CocaCola Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Both Coca-Cola Both 2-6 times a week
Availability TV Coca-Cola Like them equally Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Both Coca-Cola
Both 2-6 times a week Taste, Availability TV, New Mag Post Depends on
mood/availability Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Both Pepsi Both Only at certain
occasions Taste, Availability TV, Inter New Mag Post Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Pepsi Pepsi
Both Pepsi Both Every other week Taste, Brand image, Advertisemen t TV, Inter New
Mag Post Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Both Coca-Cola Pepsi Only at
certain occasions Taste, Brand image TV, Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Coca-Cola
Both Coca-Cola Pepsi 2-6 times a week Taste TV, Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Coca-Cola
Coca-Cola Both Coca-Cola Pepsi 2-6 times a week Taste, Availability TV, New Pepsi
Pepsi Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Both Coca-Cola Pepsi Once a month Brand image TV Pepsi
Pepsi Pepsi Pepsi Only at certain occasions TV Pepsi Pepsi Pepsi Coca-Cola Both CocaCola Coca-Cola Every other week Availability TV Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Coca-Cola
Coca-Cola Both Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Once a month Taste, Brand image TV Depends on
Pepsi Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Both Coca-Cola Coca-Cola 2-6 times a Taste, TV, Page | 129

130. Competition Between PepsiCo and Coca-Cola brands mood/availability week

Availability, Brand image, Price Post Depends on mood/availability Like them equally
Pepsi Pepsi Both Pepsi Both Every other week Availability TV Depends on
mood/availability I can't tell the difference Pepsi I don't know Both Coca-Cola Don't
know Every other week Taste, Availability TV Depends on mood/availability I can't tell
the difference Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Both Coca-Cola Both Every other week Taste TV
Coca-Cola Like them equally Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Both Pepsi Pepsi 2-6 times a week
Taste, Availability TV, Inter New Depends on mood/availability Pepsi Coca-Cola Both
Coca-Cola Don't know Only at certain occasions Availability TV, New Post Neither
Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Both Pepsi Coca-Cola Only at certain occasions Taste
TV, New Pepsi Pepsi Pepsi I don't know Both Don't know Coca-Cola Only at certain

occasions Taste, Availability TV, Depends on mood/availability Coca-Cola Coca-Cola

Coca-Cola Pepsi Pepsi Coca-Cola 2-6 times a week Availability New Depends on
mood/availability Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Pepsi Both Coca-Cola Pepsi 2-6 times a week
Availability TV Depends on mood/availability Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Both
Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Once a month Taste, Brand image, Advertisemen t TV, New
Neither I can't tell the difference Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Both Coca-Cola I don't usually
order either Only at certain occasions Taste, Availability, I don't drink these beverages
TV, Post Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Both Pepsi Coca-Cola 2-6 times a
week Taste TV Depends on mood/availability I can't tell the difference Coca-Cola CocaCola Both Pepsi Coca-Cola Every other week Availability, Advertisemen t TV, Neither
Coca-Cola Coca-Cola I don't know Both Coca-Cola I don't usually order either Once a
month Taste, I don't drink these beverages TV, Post Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Coca-Cola
Coca-Cola Both Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Everyday Taste, Availability, Customer Loyalty,
Price TV, New Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Pepsi Both Pepsi Pepsi Every other
week Taste, Availability, Advertisemen t TV, Inter New Mag Post Neither Don't like
either Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Both Coca-Cola Pepsi Only at certain I don't drink these TV,
Page | 130

131. Competition Between PepsiCo and Coca-Cola brands occasions beverages CocaCola Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Pepsi Both Coca-Cola Don't know Every other week
Availability TV, Inter Post Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Both Pepsi Pepsi
Only at certain occasions Taste TV Pepsi Pepsi Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Both Pepsi CocaCola Only at certain occasions Availability TV, Post Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Coca-Cola
Coca-Cola Both Coca-Cola Pepsi 2-6 times a week Taste TV, Post Pepsi Pepsi Pepsi
Pepsi Both Pepsi Pepsi Every other week Taste, Availability TV, New Mag Pepsi Pepsi
Pepsi Pepsi Both Pepsi Pepsi Every other week Taste, Availability TV, New Mag CocaCola Like them equally Coca-Cola Pepsi Both Don't know Coca-Cola Every other week
Taste TV Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Coca-Cola I don't know Both Coca-Cola Both Every
other week Taste, Availability, Advertisemen t TV, Post Pepsi I can't tell the difference
Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Both Pepsi Both 2-6 times a week Taste TV, Inter New Mag Post
Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Both Coca-Cola Pepsi Only at certain
occasions Taste TV Depends on mood/availability I can't tell the difference Pepsi Pepsi
Pepsi Pepsi Coca-Cola 2-6 times a week Availability TV Coca-Cola Coca-Cola CocaCola Pepsi Both Coca-Cola Pepsi Every other week Taste TV Coca-Cola Coca-Cola
Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Both Pepsi Pepsi Every other week Taste TV Coca-Cola CocaCola Pepsi Pepsi Both Coca-Cola Both Only at certain occasions Taste, Advertisemen t
TV Depends on mood/availability Coca-Cola Pepsi Pepsi Pepsi Pepsi Coca-Cola Only at
certain occasions Availability TV, Post Pepsi Pepsi Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Both CocaCola Pepsi Only at certain occasions Taste TV, Mag Post Depends on mood/availability
Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Both Pepsi Both Only at certain occasions Availability
TV, Post Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Coca-Cola
Every Taste Inter Page | 131

132. Competition Between PepsiCo and Coca-Cola brands other week Neither Don't like
either Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Don't know Coca-Cola I don't usually order either Never I
don't drink these beverages TV, Post Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Coca-Cola I don't know Pepsi

Don't know Pepsi Only at certain occasions Taste Non Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Coca-Cola
Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Pepsi Both Every other week Taste TV Neither I can't tell the
difference Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Both Coca-Cola Pepsi Once a month Availability Inter
Depends on mood/availability Like them equally Coca-Cola Pepsi Both Coca-Cola CocaCola 2-6 times a week Taste, Availability TV, New Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Coca-Cola
Coca-Cola Both Coca-Cola Both 2-6 times a week Taste, Advertisemen t TV, New Post
Depends on mood/availability Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Both Coca-Cola Both
Only at certain occasions Taste Non Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Both
Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Every other week Taste TV, New Mag Post Coca-Cola Coca-Cola
Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Both Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Once a month Taste Inter New CocaCola Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Both Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Every other week
Taste, Brand image TV Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Coca-Cola CocaCola Pepsi 2-6 times a week Taste, Availability Non Pepsi Pepsi Pepsi Coca-Cola Both
Coca-Cola Both Every other week Taste TV, New Mag Post Coca-Cola Coca-Cola CocaCola Coca-Cola Both Coca-Cola Coca-Cola 2-6 times a week Taste, Customer Loyalty
TV, Inter New Mag Post Depends on mood/availability Pepsi Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Both
Coca-Cola Don't know Every other week Taste, Availability TV, Mag Post Coca-Cola
Coca-Cola Pepsi Pepsi Both Pepsi Pepsi Only at certain occasions Taste Non Coca-Cola
Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Both Coca-Cola Coca-Cola 2-6 times a week Taste TV,
Post Depends on mood/availability I can't tell the difference Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Both
Pepsi Coca-Cola 2-6 times a week Availability TV Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Coca-Cola
Coca-Cola Pepsi Pepsi Pepsi Every other week Taste Post Coca-Cola Coca-Cola CocaCola I don't Both Pepsi Coca-Cola Once a Taste, TV, Page | 132

133. Competition Between PepsiCo and Coca-Cola brands know month Availability Post
Neither Don't like either Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Pepsi I don't usually order
either Never I don't drink these beverages TV Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Coca-Cola CocaCola Both Coca-Cola Both 2-6 times a week Taste, Availability TV, Depends on
mood/availability Pepsi Pepsi Pepsi Both Pepsi Pepsi Once a month Taste, Availability,
Customer Loyalty TV, Mag Post Coca-Cola Like them equally Coca-Cola Pepsi CocaCola Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Once a month Brand image TV Neither Coca-Cola CocaCola Coca-Cola Both Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Only at certain occasions Taste, I don't drink
these beverages TV, Post Depends on mood/availability I can't tell the difference CocaCola Coca-Cola Both Coca-Cola I don't usually order either Once a month Availability,
Customer Loyalty, Price Inter Mag Post Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Coca-Cola
Both Coca-Cola Both 2-6 times a week Taste TV, Mag Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Coca-Cola
Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Pepsi Every other week Taste, Availability TV Page |
133