02 6220 UMTS RNP Fundamentals E08

Contents
UMTS Radio Network Planning & Measurements

Introduction: Radio Interface Evolution

UMTS Fundamentals concerning Radio Network Planning RNP
UMTS RRM & RNP
Link Budget & Coverage Calculation
Load & Capacity Calculation
Improving Coverage & Capacity
UMTS and GSM co-planning
Multi-Operator-Interference
UMTS Air Interface - Measurement Exercises & Examples
Appendix 1: Literature & Abbreviations
Appendix 2: NetTek Analyzer YBT250
Appendix 3: HSDPA Coverage Planning
Copyright All rights reserved
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Content
UMTS Fundamentals concerning RNP

UMTS Architecture
UTRA: Coordination & Key Parameter
UTRA: Codes
UTRA: Logical, Transport & Physical Channels
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Content

UMTS Architecture
UTRA: Codes
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UMTS Network (Rel. 99)
TS 23.002
GSM BSS
TRAU
BTS
Um
Abis
BSC
BTS
UE
=
ME
+
USIM
Gb
ISDN
GMSC
C/D
CSE
Iu(CS)
Node I
B ub
Node B
MSC
CAP
UTRAN
Uu
IW &
TC
& PCU
PSTN
VLR
Ge
EIR
HLR AuC
Gf
Gc
Gr
PDN
Gn
RNC
IP
Iu(PS)
SGSN
Iur
Gi
Ga
Node B
IW: Interworking
TC: Transcoding
UMTS specific CN modification:
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RNC
e.g. Internet,
Intranet
GGSN
CGF
Iub
External
networks
Billing
System
Transcoding-function TC in CN
ATM-based Iu interface
enhanced security mechanism & keys (AuC)
harmonised CS & PS MM-cycles (VLR/SGSN)
no ciphering & data compression in SGSN
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TECHCOM
Consulting
UMTS
Network
(Rel.
99)
TECHCOM
Consulting
The UMTS Network consists of an enhanced
GSM & GPRS Core Network (CS & PS Domain)
and the UMTS Terrestrial Radio Network UTRAN.
The UMTS CS & PS domain consists of the
following network elements, which are known
from GSM (Rel. 99):
- MSC & VLR
- HLR & AuC
- EIR (optional)
- SGSN
- GGSN
- CGF
UMTS specific CN modification are:
- Transcoding-function TC (AMR speech
compression) in CN
- ATM-based Iu interface
- enhanced security mechanism & keys (AuC)
- harmonised CS & PS MM-cycles (VLR/SGSN)
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- no ciphering & data compression in SGSN

Different application platforms can be added to the
Core Network, e.g. the CAMEL Service Environment
CSE for non-proprietary Intelligent Network services.
UTRAN consists of:
- the Radio Network Controller RNC, which is
responsible for all Radio Resource Management
RRM aspects
- the Node B, which is responsible for Physical Layer
conversion (ATM cells WCDMA transmission)
The UMTS Mobile User Equipment UE consists of:
- Mobile Equipment ME (for HF transmission)
- UMTS SIM card, for all user-specific & security
related aspects
An overview according to the UMTS network can be
found in TS 23.002.
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UTRAN
Node B
RNC
Radio
Network
Controller
Iub
UE
Uu
User
Equipment
GSM
Phase 2+
Core Network
Node B
Iur
Iu(cs/ps)
MSC/VLR
SGSN
RNC
Node B
Iub
UMTS
UMTSTerrestrial
TerrestrialRadio
RadioAccess
AccessNetwork
Network
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traffic & signaling

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TECHCOM
Consulting
UTRAN:
UMTS
Terrestrial
Radio Access
TECHCOM
Consulting
Network
The network elements of UTRAN are:
- the Radio Network Controller RNC
- the Node B
The UTRAN network elements are connected to
each other respectively to external UMTS network
elements via the interfaces:
- Iu(CS): RNC MSC
- Iu(PS): RNC SGSN
- Iub: RNC Node B
- Iur: RNC RNC
- Uu: Radio Interface
Iu(CS), Iu(PS), Iur & Iub are ATM based
interfaces. An UTRAN description as well as an
overview according to the Iu-interfaces can be
found in TS 25.401 (UTRAN Overall Description).
An overview on the WCDMA air interface Uu can
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be found in the TS 25.201 (Physical layer - General

description) & 25.301 (Radio Interface Protocol
Architecture).
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GSM & UMTS Evolution

UTRAN: TS 25.401
Node B
Iub
S-RNC
Node B
serves for RAB:

Resource Allocation
HO Decisions
S-RNS Relocation
SHO combining/splitting
Active Set (CGI / URA)
Signalling via Iu,Iub,
Iur & Uu
Header Compression
Integrity Check
Ciphering
BEC
...
Node B
Iub
Iu
Iub
R
N
C
Iur
RNC functions:
Iu
Core Network CN
autonomous RRM
ATM Switching & Multiplexing
Control over RNS
O&M Interface
CGI: Cell Global Identity
URA: UTRAN Registration Area
BEC: Backward Error Correction

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R
N
C
D-RNC
RR Allocation
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Node B
Uu
Node B
Iub
Node B: Physical node connected via Uu / Iub

support of 1 / several cells
FDD &/or TDD Mode operation
ATM Termination (Iub)
Data conversion for reliable
UU transmission
Inner Loop Power Control
measures RL quality & strength
determines BER & BLER
Measurement reports to RNC
FDD: Micro-Diversity (SHO)
R
N
C
BER: Bit Error Rate
BLER: Block Error Rate
RL: Radio Link
SHO: Soft Handover
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User Equipment UE
UE
UEas
asNode
NodeBBCounterpart:
Counterpart:
(Encoding
FEC
FEC (Encoding&&Interleaving)
Interleaving)
Power
PowerControl
Control(Open
(Open&&Inner
InnerLoop)
Loop)
Radio
RadioMeasurement
Measurement(BER,
(BER,SIR,
SIR,Quality
Quality&&Power)
Power)
Spreading
/
De-Spreading
Spreading / De-Spreading
Modulation
Modulation/ /De-Modulation
De-Modulation
UE
UE
UEas
asRNC
RNCCounterpart:
Counterpart:
(Acknowledged
BEC
BEC (AcknowledgedMode;
Mode;NRT)
NRT)
RRC
RRC(Radio
(RadioResource
ResourceControl)
Control)
Handover
Handover(CS)
(CS)&&Cell
CellSelection
Selection(PS)
(PS)
DeDe-/ /Ciphering
Ciphering&&Integrity
IntegrityCheck
Check
Header
Header(De-)
(De-)Compression
Compression
......
UE
Node B
RNC
UE
UEas
asCN
CNCounterpart:
Counterpart:
Mobility
MobilityManagement
Management(Location
(LocationRegistration,
Registration,
BEC: Backward Error Correction

RRC: Radio Resource Control
SIR: Signal to Interference Ratio
PDP: Packet Data Protocol
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Authentication,
Authentication,IMEI
IMEICheck,
Check,Attach
Attach/ /Detach)
Detach)
Session
Management
(PDP
Context
Session Management (PDP ContextDe-/Activation)
De-/Activation)
Bearer
BearerNegotiation
Negotiation/ /Service
ServiceRequest
Request
......
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MSC/VLR / EIR
SGSN
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Content

UMTS Architecture
UTRA: Codes
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WARC92 & Worldwide UMTS Frequency Ranges

1850
1900
1950
2000
2050
2100
2150
2200
2250
2010 MHz
WARC92
IMT 2000
2025 MHz
1885 MHz
Europe
GSM 1800DECT
Japan
PHS
2110 MHz
MSS
IMT-2000
1880 MHz
1918 MHz
S. Korea
WARC-92
IMT 2000
MSS
2170 MHz
IMT-2000 MSS
1980 MHz
IMT 2000
MSS
2170 MHz
MSS
IMT 2000
MSS
1895 MHz
USA
A C B EF C
PCS1900
MSS
A CB E F C
1910
Canada
1930
reserved
1990 MHz
MSS
2160 MHz
(C,E free)
1850
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1900
1950
2000
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2050
2100
2150
2250
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GSM & UMTS Frequency Ranges (R6)

GSM / UMTS 850
GSM 700
GSM/EDGE:
TS 45.005
760
840
800
920
880
960
UMTS: FDD/TDD
TS 25.101 & 25.201
740
780
820
860
900
GSM 900
Extended GSM 900
R- GSM 900
UMTS 1900
GSM 1900
UMTS TDD
UMTS1700
940
UMTS TDD
1720
1800
1760
1780
1740
1840
1820
UMTS 1800
GSM 1800
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1920
1880
1860
1900
1960
1940
UMTS TDD
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2040
2000
1980
2020
2120
2080
2060
UMTS FDD
(IMT-2000)
2100
2160
2140
not shown: GSM400
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TECHCOM Consulting
GSM/EDGE
& UMTS
(Rel. 6) Frequency
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Ranges:
TS 25.101 (FDD: UE Radio Rx & TX):
FDD bands
Band I:
1920 1980 / 2110 2170 MHz
Band II:
1850 1910 / 1930 1990 MHz
Band III: 1710 1785 / 1805 1880 MHz
Band IV: 1710 1755 / 2110 2155 MHz
Band V:
824 849 / 869 894 MHz
Band VI: 830 840 / 875 885 MHz
(Japan only)
TS 25.102 (TDD: UE Radio Rx & TX):

TDD bands
1900 1920 MHz
2010 2025 MHz
1850 1910 MHz (ITU Region 2)
1930 1990 MHz
1910 1930 MHz (ITU Region 2)
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TS 45.005 (GSM/EDGE RAN: Radio Rx & Tx)

GSM/EDGE bands:
T-GSM380: 380.2 389.8 / 390.2 399.8 MHz
T-GSM410: 410.2 419.8 / 420.2 429.8 MHz
T-GSM450: 450.4 457.6 / 460.4 467.6 MHz
T-GSM480: 478.8 486 / 488.8 496 MHz
GSM750: 747 762 / 777 792 MHz
GSM850: 824 849 / 869 894 MHz
GSM900P: 890 - 815 / 935 960 MHz
GSM900E: 880 915 / 925 960 MHz
GSM-R: 876 880 / 821 925 MHz
T-GSM900: 870.4 876 / 915.4 921 MHz
GSM1800: 1710 1785 / 1805 1880 MHz
GSM1900: 1850 1910 / 1930 1990 MHz
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WRC-2000: 3G Frequency Ranges

large-area coverage
additional 3G
frequency ranges
world-wide Harmonisation
of 3G frequency ranges
only some countries
cellular
698
806
960
Frequency range [MHz]
Harmonisation / Extension:
Refarming 2G frequencies
( rural service areas)
Harmonisation /
Extension:
cellular
1710
1885
1980
cellular
2010
2170
MSS
1885
cellular
WARC92
2025
Extension
Band
(Indoor/Pico Cells)
2690
2500
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2200
2110
cellular
MSS
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Duplex Transmission: FDD & TDD

Duplex
DuplexTransmission
Transmission
TDD
FDD
duplex distance
Time t
Time t
UL
DL
DL
UL
UL
DL
UL
Frame
with
n TS
UL
Uplink
frequency f
DL
Downlink
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Multiple Access: FDMA, TDMA & CDMA

Multiple
MultipleAccess
AccessMA
MA
TDMA
Power
P
FDMA
Power
P
time t
Power
P
time t
TS 3
TS 2
TS 1
CDMA
time t
frequency f
1
Code 3
Code 2
Code 1
frequency f
frequency f
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(De-) Spreading Process

Power Density P
CDMA:
Spreading
using
Code 1
Spread Spectrum Technology SST

every user with unique Code
De-Spreading
using high-chip rate Code
using
Code 1
user 1
user 2
user 1 & 2
frequency f
De-Spreading
using
Code 2
Spreading
using
Code 2
Unspread
Signals
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frequency f
Spread
Signals
Radio Transmission =
spread signals
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after
De-Spreading
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(De-) Spreading Process

+1
Spreading
Code
-1
Chip
User
Data
Spreading
Bit rate
RB
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HFModulation
Air
Interface
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DeModulation
DeSpreading
User
Data
Bit rate
RB
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1 Bit (symbol)*
SF = Rchip / Rdata
SF:
SF:Spreading
SpreadingFactor
Factor
RRchip: :Chip
ChipRate
Rate[cps]
[cps]
chip
Rate [symbol/s]
RRdata: :Data
data Data Rate [symbol/s]
(information
(informationrate
rateon
onthe
the
air
airinterface)
interface)
UMTS
UMTSModulation:
Modulation:
QPSK
QPSK
22bit/symbol
bit/symbol
User Data
Data
(converted
to +1/-1)
Spreading
Code
+1
-1
+1
-1
spread
+1
Data
via Air Interface -1
Spreading
Code
+1
-1
+1
*in UMTS: QPSK

(2 data streams
spread in parallel operation)
SF: Spreading Factor
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Data
-1
User Data
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Modulation
Q
QPSK:
BPSK:
(Q)
01
I
-1
11
1
1
-1
1
-1
00
8PSK :
BPSK, QPSK & 8PSK:

Amplitude is the same
for every symbol
010
000
011
001
111
110
101
PSK:
Phase
denominates
symbol
100
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Bit/symbol
Bit/symbole.g.:
e.g.:
GMSK:
1
(GSM)
GMSK: 1 (GSM)
BPSK:
BPSK:11 (IS-95)
(IS-95)
QPSK:
QPSK:22 (UMTS)
(UMTS)
8PSK:
3
(EDGE)
8PSK: 3 (EDGE)
16QAM:
16QAM:44 (HSDPA)
(HSDPA)
64QAM:
64QAM:66 (WLAN)
(WLAN)
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UMTS QPSK Modulation

Rc
I
Branch
Symbol
Symbol
&& Phase
PhaseShift
Shift
1 270
0 90
01
135
sin(2fct)
Oscillator: fc
00
45
90
Phase Shift
11
225
cos(2fct)
Q
Branch
Rc
1 180
0 0
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10
315
UMTS
UMTSQPSK:
QPSK:
The
Theuser
userdata
datastream
streamisisconverted
convertedfrom
fromserial
serialto
toparallel
paralleloperation;
operation;
the
2
parallel
data
streams
are
spread
&
modulated
the 2 parallel data streams are spread & modulatedparallel
parallel
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Spreading Factor & Processing Gain

Spreading Factor definition:
Spreading
Factor SF
Chip rate
[dec]
Data (Symbol) rate
TS
TS25.213:
25.213:
The
Themodulating
modulating
chip
chiprate
rate
isis
3.84
3.84Mcps*.
Mcps*.
Spreading
SpreadingFactor
FactorSF
SF
(UMTS
(UMTS FDD)
FDD) ==
(512),
(512), 256,
256,128,
128,64,
64,32,
32,16,
16,8,
8,44
Processing =
Gain
UMTS FDD:
TS 25.211
Chip rate
[dB]
Service bit rate
* FDD & HCR TDD: 3.84Mcps; LCR TDD: 1.28Mcps (TS 25.201)
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TECHCOM Consulting
Spreading
TECHCOM Factor
ConsultingSF
The Spreading Factor SF determines how many
chips are used to spread 1 symbol.
The smaller the Spreading Factor the higher the
symbol rate, respectively the corresponding user
data bit rate.
The higher SF, i.e. the more chips are used for
spreading the more robust is the transmission.
The more robust the transmission, the less
transmission power is needed.
The SF of the FDD mode (Rel. 99 R. 5) can be
512 4.
SF of TDD can be varied between 16 1.
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Chip Rate
TS 25.213 defines the chip rate of the UMTS FDD
mode to be 3.84 Mchip/s.
In general, in UMTS (Rel. 4) 2 chip rates / bandwidth
are existing (TS 25.201): FDD mode & High Chip
Rate HCR TDD mode are using 3.84 Mchip/s at 5
MHz bandwidth, the Low Chip Rate LCR TDD mode
uses 1.28 Mchip/s at 1.6 MHz bandwidth.
Processing Gain
The ratio between the transmitted modulation
bandwidth (Chip-Rate) and the information signal
bandwidth (Service Bit Rate) is called the
Processing Gain. The Processing Gain is given in
dB and will be used for UMTS Radio Link Budget
calculation.
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UTRA Key Parameters

FDD & TDD harmonised in:
TDD
Bandwidth: 5 MHz
Chip Rate: 3.84 Mcps
Modulation: QPSK
Frequency Re-Use = 1
Timing:
1 Frame = 10 ms = 15 Slots
1 Slot = 2/3 ms = 2560 chip
1 chip = 260.4 ns
Code Type: OVSF Codes
Mode
1 TS
1 TS
1 TS
1 TS
1 TS
1 TS
1 TS
1 TS
FDD
Mode
14
10 ms
10 ms
10 ms
10 ms
Time
1 TS
1 TS
1 TS
1 TS
1 TS
1 TS
1 TS
1 Frame = 15 Slots = 10 ms = 38400 chip

FDD
pure WCDMA
(continuous transmission)
SF = 4 256 (512)
Rdata = 15 960 ksymb/s
fUL = 1920 1980 MHz
fDL = 2110 2170 MHz
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FDD & TDD

different in
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TDD
WCDMA & TDMA
(Bursts: 15 Slots / Frame)
SF = 1 16
Rdata = 16 256 ksymb/s / Slot
f = 1900 1920 MHz &
2010 2025 MHz
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Content

UMTS Architecture
UTRA: Codes
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Codes
Spreading
SpreadingCode
Code==Channelization
ChannelizationCode
CodexxScrambling
ScramblingCode
Code
DL
UL
Different Data
Channels, Control
Information - different
Channelization Codes
1 UE
1 or several
Scrambling
Codes
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Power
P
time t
4
3
2
1
frequency f
Emitted Signal
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Power
P
time t
Several users, control

information - different
4
3
2
1
frequency f
Emitted Signal
1 cell 1 or several
Scrambling
Codes
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Codes: DL Spreading & Scrambling

Channelization
Code CCCH,SF,m
Bit Rate
Channel 1
Distinction of channels
Chip Rate
Channelization
Code CCH,SF,m
Bit Rate
Channel n
Scrambling
Code
Chip Rate
Chip Rate
Chip Rate
To Modulation
Spreading in bandwidth
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Channelisation Code Tree

Channelization Codes (CCn,m) = Orthogonal variable SF Codes OVSF (for UL & DL)
CCn,m generation:
SF = 1
CC1 = (1)
SF = 2
CC2 = 1 1
1 -1
CCn =
SF = 4
CCn/2 CCn/2
CCn/2 -CCn/2
(SF = 512)
SF = 256
CC256,0
CC256,1
CC256,2
CC4,0 = (1,1,1,1)
CC2,0 = (1,1)
CC4,1 = (1,1,-1,-1)
CC1,0 = (1)
CC4,2 = (1,-1,1,-1)
CC2,1 = (1,-1)
Walsh
Matrix
CC256,254
CC256,255
CC4,3 = (1,-1,-1,1)
Spreading Factors in a subtree

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Scrambling Codes
DL
UL
Long Codes
Long Codes
Code period = 10 ms
38400 chips
Gold Codes
24
2 available codes =
16,777,215 UL SCs;
Complex valued
Scrambling Sequence
generated from two
single real sequences
Short Codes
Code period = 2/30 ms
256 chips
S(2) code family
224 available codes
Complex valued
Scrambling Sequence
generated by
combining
2 real sequences
optional
makes implementation
of advanced receiver
structures easier
Code period = 10 ms, 38400 chips

Gold Codes, 512 SC-Code Sets
with 1 Primary & 15 Secondary SC-Codes
(totally: 8192 DL Scrambling Codes)
Complex valued Scrambling Sequence
generated from two single real sequences
Code
Set
1
Code
Set
2
Primary
Scrambling code
Secondary Scrambling
code 1
Primary
Scrambling code
code 2
code 15
code 2
Secondary
Scrambling
Code
Set
512
code 1
code 15
SC: Scrambling Code

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Orthogonality
Scrambling Codes
have orthogonal properties.

Code 2
are quasi orthogonal
Code 3
Code 1
Code 4
subtree
Code 3 x Code 4 = 0
Code 3 x Code 3 = 1
But
Code 1 x Code 2 = 1!!!
Code 1 x Code 2 ~ 0 (noise)

Code 1 x Code 1 ~ 1
Here Code 1 and 2 are just
different Codes
Orthogonality:
2 codes are orthogonal if XORing results in equal number of 1s and 0s.
Using instead of 1 and 0 1 and -1 multiplication has to result in 0.
Orthogonal codes are not cross-correlated: cross correlation = 0.
Example: 1100
11-1-1
1010 or 1-11-1
1001
1-1-11
cross correlation = 0
Orthogonality can be lost due to multipath propagation !

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Auto- & Cross-correlation

Cross-correlation:
Auto-correlation
Similarities between two codes
Similarities between one code and

itself when shifted in time
Good cross-correlation needed for
Good auto-correlation needed for
Separating physical channels,
Synchronizing in presence of multipath
i.e.synchronizing to one code in presence of
propagation (time dispersion),e.g. for initial
other codes, Separating channels
detection
Channelization codes:
Scrambling Codes:
perfect orthogonality
Based on maximum length codes
maximum cross correlation
low auto correlation
high auto-correlation
bad cross correlation
Mix of codes to obtain optimum performance

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Content

UMTS Architecture
UTRA: Codes
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TECHCOM Consulting
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Logical, Transport & Physical Channels

Logical Channel
content of the
transmitted information
TS 25.301
25.211
FDD
Channels
& more ??
Transport Channel
how & with what characteristics
data are transmitted via Uu
25.221
TDD
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TECHCOM Consulting
Physical Channel
physical description of
the air interface transmission
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TECHCOM
Consulting
25.301:
Logical
channels
TECHCOM
Consulting
The MAC layer provides data transfer services on
logical channels. A set of logical channel types is
defined for different kinds of data transfer services
as offered by MAC. Each logical channel type is
defined by what type of information is transferred.
A general classification of logical channels is into
two groups:
- Control Channels (for the transfer of control
plane information);
- Traffic Channels (for the transfer of user plane
information).
Transport Channel: The physical layer offers
information transfer services to MAC and higher
layers. The physical layer transport services are
described by how and with what characteristics
data are transferred over the radio interface. An
adequate term for this is 'Transport Channel'.
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A general classification of transport channels is into

2 groups:
- common transport channels (where there is a need
for inband identification of the UEs when particular
UEs are addressed); and
-dedicated transport channels (where the UEs are
identified by the physical channel, i.e. code &
frequency for FDD).
TS 25.211:
Physical Channels:
Physical channels are defined by a specific carrier
frequency, scrambling code, channelization code
(optional), ...
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Channel Mapping
DL
BCCH
BCH
P-CCPCH
PCCH
CTCH
PCH
CCCH
FACH
S-CCPCH
UL
DCH
CCCH
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DPDCH
TECHCOM Consulting
DTCH
DCCH
DCH
PDSCH
Physical
Channels
Logical
Channels
DTCH
Transport
Channels
CPCH
DPCCH
Logical
Channels
Transport
Channels
DSCH
DPDCH DPCCH
RACH
PRACH
DCCH
PCPCH
Physical
Channels
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Logical Channels
LOGICAL CHANNELS
TRAFFIC
CHANNELS
UL
+
DL
UL
+
DL
CTCH
DTCH
(user data;
PtP, PtMP)
PtP: Point to Point
PTMP: Point to MultiPoint
(PtMP; for
user groups,
e.g. SMS Cell
Broadcast
Service
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CONTROL
CHANNELS
DL
DL
UL + DL
BCCH
PCH
CCCH
Broadcast
Control
Channel
(system
information)
Paging
Control
Channel
(paging &
notification)
Common Control
Channel
(control
information for
UE without RRC
connection)
TECHCOM Consulting
DCCH
Dedicated
Control
Channel
(power control,
pilot,..)
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Transport Channels
Transport Channels are defined by a set of characteristics:
the Transport Format
Transport Format:
Semi-static part
CRC size (for error detection) = 0, 8, 12, 16, 24 bits
Channel coding characteristics (redundancy),
e.g. Convolutional Coding = 1/2, 1/3 or Turbo Coding 1/3
TTI = 10, 20, 40, 80 ms
Rate matching Attributes

Dynamic part
Transport block TB size
= 1..5,000 bit
RLC/MAC
1 TB =
1 MAC PDU
L1
TB#1
TB#2
TB#3
TB#4
Transport block set size

TB Set
= 1..200,000 bit
CRC: Cyclic Redundancy Check
TTI: Transmission Time Interval
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TTI
TECHCOM Consulting
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TECHCOM Consulting
Transport
TECHCOMChannels
Consulting
Broadcast Channel BCH: transmit cell & network
specific information
Paging Channel PCH: transmit data relevant to
the paging procedure (network wants to initiate
communication with the UE)
Forward Access Channel FACH: transmit
control information or small amount of packet data
on common resources in the DL
Random Access Channel RACH: transmit
control information or small amount of packet data
on common resources in the UL
Common Packet Channel CPCH: RACH
extension for PS data transmission on common
resources
DL Shared Channel DSCH: UL transmission of
control data or dedicated user data on shared
resources; users are time-multiplexed
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Dedicated Channel DCH: used for the transport of

dedicated user data and control information for a
particular UE
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FDD Physical Channels

Physical Channel :
Frequency band, Time, Code
(TDD: TS)
UL
Random Access
DL
Pilot
Synchronization
S-CCPCH
System info
P-CCPCH
PRACH
Control info
Data
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PCPCH
DPCCH
PICH
Access grant, notif.
Shared channel
AICH
PDSCH
Data + control info
DPCH
Collision avoiding
CD/CA-ICH
DPDCH
TECHCOM Consulting
SCH
System info
Paging
Packet Data
CPICH
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TECHCOM
Consulting
FDD
Physical
Channels
(selection)
TECHCOM
Consulting
Dedicated Physical Data Channel DPDCH:
transmission of dedicated user data & higher layer
signalling (RRC, NAS) in UL direction
DPCCH: transmission of radio control information
in UL direction)
DPCH: transmission of user data & control data
(time-multiplexed) n DL direction.
Synchronisation Channel SCH: Cell search and
synchronisation of the UE to the Node B signal.
Subdivided in Primary & Secondary SCH
Primary Common Control Physical Channel PCCPCH: transmits the Broadcast information in
the DL
Secondary Common Control Physical Channel
S-CCPCH: transmission of Paging information
(PCH), Common Traffic Channel data and NRT,
best effort user data (FACH) in the DL. FACHs
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and PCH can be mapped on 1 S-CCPCH or on

several (up to 16) S-CCPCHs
Common Pilot Channel CPICH: transmits DL cell
Scrambling Code; used for channel estimation and
allows estimates for Power Control; each cell has 1
Primary CPICH and up to 15 Secondary CPICHs
Physical Random Access Channel PRACH:
transmission of RACH for Random Access or small
amount of packet data in the UL
Physical Common Packet Channel PCPCH:
PRACH extension with additional collision detection
mechanism
Paging Indication Channel PICH: transmission of
Page Indicators for UE Discontinuous Reception
DRX operation;
Acquisition Indication Channel AICH: positive or
negative acknowledgement for random access of a
UE via PRACH or PCPCH
Physical DL Shared Channel PDSCH:
transmission of packet data on shared resources
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Physical Channels
TS #0
Primary
Primary
SCH
SCH
Secondary
Secondary
SCH
SCH
cp
TS #1
TS #14
cp
cp
Cs
i,0
Cs
256 chip
i,1
Csi,14
Frame
Frame
Synchronisation
Synchronisation
Scrambling
Scrambling
Code
CodeGroup
Group
2560 chip
cp : Primary Synchronisation Code; unique in every cell

6 i,0..14
Cs
: Secondary Synchronisation Codes; i = 1..64
TS
TS&&
Chip
Chip
Synchronisation
Synchronisation
1 frame = 10 ms
Primary CPICH:
CPICH
CPICH
Common
CommonPilot
PilotChannel
Channel
Pre-defined
Pre-definedsymbol
symbolsequence
sequence
==Cell
CellScrambling
ScramblingCode
Code
1 per cell
= Cell beacon
broadcasted over entire cell
Secondary CPICH:
up to 15 per cell
option to define sub-cells
phase
phasereference
reference
SF
SF==256
256
CC
CC256,0
256,0
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TECHCOM Consulting
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Physical Channels
P-CCPCH
P-CCPCH
Primary
PrimaryCommon
CommonControl
ControlPhysical
PhysicalChannel
Channel
TS = 2560 chip (DL= 20 bit; SF = 256)
Tx OFF
for Broadcast information

(BCCH carrier)
CC256,1
P-CCPCH Data (18 bit): BCH
256 chip
S-CCPCH
S-CCPCH
Secondary
SecondaryCommon
CommonControl
ControlPhysical
PhysicalChannel
Channel
TS = 2560 chip (DL= 20 - 1280 bit; SF = 256 - 4)
TFCI
optional
S-CCPCH Data: FACH / PCH
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TECHCOM Consulting
Pilot
FACH & PCH on same

or separate S-CCPCHs
up to 16 S-CCPCHs per cell
CC - allocation indicated
by P-CCPCH
only transmitted when
data available
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Physical Channels
PRACH: 1/2 frame = 10/20 ms
4096 chip
PRACH
PRACH
Physical
Physical
Random
Random
Access
Access
Channel
Channel
Preamble
Preamble
256 repetitions of
16 different signatures S
Message Part MP
SF = 256 - 32
(UL: 15 - 120 kbps)
SF = 256
(UL: 15 kbps)
15 MP start positions
in 2 frames (every 2 TS)
Data
Pilot
TFCI
TS = 2560 chip
PCPCH
PCPCH
Physical
PhysicalCommon
CommonPacket
PacketChannel
Channel
extension
PRACH
PRACH extension
AICH
AICH
Acquisition
AcquisitionIndication
IndicationChannel
Channel
SF = 256 4
SF = 256 4
duration: n x 10 ms
duration: n x 10 ms
extra collision protection
extra collision protection
5120 chip
AS #0
AS: Access Slot
TA-TC 6220 E08
AS #1
AS #14
2 frames = 20 ms
TECHCOM Consulting
for Acquisition Indication AI:

response on PRACH Preamble (S)
DL: 40 bit: 16 AIS values
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TS 25.211 & 213
Physical Channels
TS = 2560 chip (DL= 10 - 1280 bit; SF = 512 - 4)
DPCH
DPCH
TFCI
Data block 1 TPC optional
Slot #0
Data block 2
Slot #i
Pilot
Dedicated
Dedicated
Physical
PhysicalChannel
Channel
SF
SF==512
512- -44
15
15- -1920
1920kbps
kbps
TPC: Transmit
Power Control
TFCI: Transport Format
Combination Indicator
FBI: FeedBack Information
Slot #14
DPDCH
DPDCH
Dedicated Physical
Dedicated Physical
Data
DataChannel
Channel
SF
SF==256
25644
15
960
15 - 960kbps
kbps
Data
Pilot
TFCI
optional
FBI
optional
DPCCH
DPCCH
Dedicated Physical
TPC
Dedicated Physical
Control
ControlChannel
Channel
SF
SF==256;
256;CC
CC256,0
256,0
15
15kbps
kbps
TS = 2560 chip (UL= 10 - 640 bit; SF = 256 - 4)

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Example: IMSI Attach

P-SCH
S-SCH
CPICH
P-CCPCH
PRACH Preamble (S)
no answer repetition
PRACH Preamble (S)

AICH (AIS )
PRACH Message Part
S-CCPCH
UL & DL: DPDCH & DPCCH
or PRACH / S-CCPCH
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TECHCOM Consulting
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02 6220 UMTS RNP Fundamentals E08

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02 6220 UMTS RNP Fundamentals E08

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Contents

UMTS Radio Network Planning & Measurements

Introduction: Radio Interface Evolution

Copyright All rights reserved

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TA -TC 6220 E08

Copyright All rights reserved

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Copyright All rights reserved

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UMTS Network (Rel. 99)

UMTS specific CN modification:

Copyright All rights reserved

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Copyright All rights reserved

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- no ciphering & data compression in SGSN

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traffic & signaling

Copyright All rights reserved

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be found in the TS 25.201 (Physical layer - General

GSM & UMTS Evolution

serves for RAB:

BEC: Backward Error Correction

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Node B: Physical node connected via Uu / Iub

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BEC: Backward Error Correction

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Copyright All rights reserved

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WARC92 & Worldwide UMTS Frequency Ranges

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GSM & UMTS Frequency Ranges (R6)

Copyright All rights reserved

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not shown: GSM400

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TS 25.102 (TDD: UE Radio Rx & TX):

Copyright All rights reserved

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TS 45.005 (GSM/EDGE RAN: Radio Rx & Tx)

WRC-2000: 3G Frequency Ranges

only some countries

Frequency range [MHz]

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Copyright All rights reserved

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Duplex Transmission: FDD & TDD

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Multiple Access: FDMA, TDMA & CDMA

Copyright All rights reserved

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