Introduction To 3G UMTS

Introduction to UMTS
Ayman Gomaa
Contents
Part 1 Introduction to UMTS
Part 2 UMTS Air interface
Part 3 UMTS Radio Access Network
Part 4 UMTS Core Network
Contents
Section 1 History of 3G
Section 2 UMTS Network Structure
Section 3 UMTS Network services
Evolution of Mobile communication

1st Generation
1980s (analog)
2nd Generation
1990s (digital)
GSM
WCDMA
FDD
AMPS
TACS
Analog to Digital
NMT
CDMA
IS95
3rd Generation
current (digital)
Voice to Broadband
DAMPS
CDMA
2000
WCDMA
TDD
OTHERS
PDC
AMPS = Advanced Mobile phone service
GSM=Global system for Mobile Communications
TACS=Total Access Communications Systems
D-AMPS=Digital-AMPS
NMT=Nordic Mobile Telephone
PDC=personal digital cellular
History of 3G
At 1985 : ITU started the process of defining the standard for third generation
systems, referred to as International Mobile Telecommunications 2000
(IMT-2000)
Some of the features that IMT-2000 3G network must include
1-Circuit and packet oriented services
2-Simultaneous multiple services
3-Symmetrical and Asymmetrical services
4-Migration path from 2G systems
5-Supporting Multimedia services
Car speed environment: 144kbps
Walk speed environment: 384kbps
Indoor environment: 2048kbps
1992: 230MHz spectrum was allocated in 2GHz band (WARC92)
History of 3G
Based on the IMT-200 performance objectives and frequency allocation the
ITU-R formally requested a submission of RTT proposals with a closing
date at the end of July 1998 .
By the closing date , there were a total of 10 RTT proposals were
submitted from Europe , United states , Japan , Korea and, China. All these
proposal where accepted .
Five RTT for IMT2000
WCDMA FDD
CDMA2000 (1X-EV-DO and 3X modes)
WCDMA-TDD
UWC-136 (based on D-AMPS)
DECT
History of 3G
Only three 3G network implemented and currently deployed
1-CDMA 2000 (1X-EV-DO)
2-WCDMA FDD (UMTS FDD)
3-WCDMA TDD (UMTS TDD)
3G standardization organizations
Standardization organizations such as 3GPP, 3GPP2 were established
WCDMA
3GPP
FDD/TDD mode
CDMA2000
3G system
3GPP2
UMTS is a 3rd Generation Mobile System

2M
384 K
115 K
to 171 K
57.6 K
9.6 K
GSM
1993
HSCSD
1999
GPRS
2000
EDGE
2001
UMTS
2002
UMTS FDD and TDD

FDD (Frequency Division Duplex)
Link
p
U
r
o
f 1: f
Link
n
w
o
D
f 2: for
Mobile Terminal
Base station
TDD (Time Division Duplex)

Link
n
w
o
p&D
U
r
o
f
f 1:
TS
TS
Up Down
Mobile Terminal
TS: Time slot
Base station
Frequency allocation for IMT2000
WARC in 1992 230MHz in 2GHZ Band was allocated to IMT2000

IMT-2000
1800
1900
1895 1918
2100
2010 2025
1980
IMT-2000
Japan
MSS
MSS (Reg.2)
1980
2010 2025
PHS IMT-2000 MSS IMT-2000
Europe/
Australia
USA
2000
1885
ITU
IMT-2000
1880 1900 1920
DECT
1980 2010 2025
UMTS
1910 1930
1850
PCS
Unlicensed
MSS UMTS
1990
2025
MSS
2200MHz
2110
2155 2170
MSS
MSS
IMT-2000 (Reg.2)
2110
2170
IMT-2000 MSS
2110
2170
UMTS
2110
MSS
2150 2165
Reserve
MSS
MSS: Mobile Satellite Service
Frequency spectrum allocation for IMT-2000

In WARC-92 two frequency bands are allocated to IMT-2000
Lower frequency band 1885 2025 MHz
Upper frequency band 2110 2200 MHZ
both bands contain allocation for terrestrial and satellite components
Due to the existing use of parts of these frequency bands in different
regions of the world , there is no common spectrum available world wide for
the 3G
In Europe , the lower band of WARC-92 allocation is shared with the DECT
Cordless phone system between 1880 to 1900 MHZ
In Europe , the IMT-2000/ UMTS will use of the frequencies
1900 2025 in the lower band
2110 - 2200 in the upper band

2140
60
2200
MHz
30
UMTS-sat
UMTS-TDD
30 15
UMTS-sat
60
UMTS-FDD
20
DECT
UMTS-TDD
GSM1800
GSM
2025
UMTS-FDD
1950
1900
Within Europe
(1920 1980) MHz and (2110 to 2170)MHz are paired bands (FDD mode )
(1900 1920) MHz and (2010 2025) MHz are unpaired bands (TDD mode)
(1980 2010) MHZ and (2170 2200 ) MHz are satellite allocation

WRC2000 Conference has decided to allocate additional bands for IMT2000, 800MHz, 1.8GHz, and 2.5GHz Band.
2010
800
1000
960
806
2000 2025
1500
1710
1885 1980
PDC
(Current)
2110 2170
880
810
960
958
1710
1429
MHz
2690
IMT-2000
GSM
(Current)
2500
1990
1513
: Additionally assigned for IMT-2000
UMTS FDD frequency allocations

UL Frequencies
DL frequencies
UE transmit, Node B receive
UE receive, Node B transmit
1920 1980 MHz
2110 2170 MHz
II
1850 1910 MHz
1930 1990 MHz
III
1710-1785 MHz
1805-1880 MHz
IV
1710-1755 MHz
2110-2155 MHz
824 849 MHz
869-894 MHz
VI
830-840 MHz
875-885 MHz
Operating Band
Operating Band
TX-RX frequency separation
190 MHz
II
80 MHz.
III
95 MHz.
IV
400 MHz
45 MHz
VI
45 MHz
Contents
GSM network architecture

PSTN
AUC
PSTN
GMSC
Gi
GGSN
H
C
Gc
HLR
Gn
Gr
EIR
VLR
Gf
SGSN
MSC
Gs
A
Gb
NSS
A
Gb
BSS
BTS
BSS
BSC
BSC
Abis
Abis
BTS
BTS
Um
BTS
Um
MS = ME + SIM
PDN
UMTS network architecture

CN
PS
CS
PSTN
AUC
PSTN
GMSC
Gi
GGSN
H
C
PDN
Gc
HLR
Gn
Gr
EIR
VLR
Gf
SGSN
MSC
Gs
Iu-CS
Iu-PS
Gb
Iu-PS
Iu-CS
BSS
BTS
RNS
RNS
BSC
RNC
Abis
Iub
Iur
BTS
Um
Node B
RAN
UTRAN
Node B
Uu
MS = ME + SIM
BSS
RNC
BSC
Iub
Abis
Node B
Uu
UE = ME + USIM
Node B
BTS
Um
BTS
UMTS Network Components

Network Elements
Core Network
GMSC: Gateway Mobile Services Switching Center
Switches circuit switched (CS) data to the external network.
MSC: Mobile Services Switching Center
Switches circuit switched (CS) data.
VLR: Visitor Location Register
Stores copy of visiting users service profiles.
HLR: Home Location Register
Stores users service profiles.
GGSN: Gateway GPRS Support Node
Handles packet switched (PS) data to the external network.
SGSN: Serving GPRS Support Node
Handles packet switched (PS) data.
UMTS Network Components

Network Elements
UTRAN
RNC: Radio Network Controller
Controls radio resources.
Node-B
Converts Data flow between Iub and Uu interface.
UE
ME: Mobile Equipment
Radio terminal used for radio communication.
USIM: UMTS Subscriber Identity Module
Smart card that stores subscriber identity.
Contents
UMTS Network Services

Person to person services
Content to person services
Business connectivity services

Person to person circuit switched services
1- AMR speech services
The speech codec in UMTS will employ the Adaptive Multirate

(AMR) technique.
The AMR speech coder has eight source rates: 12.2 ,10.2, 7.95,
7.40 , 6.70 , 5.90, 5.15 and 4.75 kbps.
The bit rate of the AMR speech connection can be controlled by the
RAN depending on the air interface loading.
During high loading, such as during busy hours, it is possible to use
lower AMR bit rates to offer higher capacity while providing slightly
lower speech quality.
If the mobile is running out of the cell coverage area and using its
maximum transmission power, a lower AMR bit rate can be used to
extend the cell coverage area.
The AMR speech codec is capable of switching its bit rate every 20
ms speech frame upon command.

The coding scheme for the multirate coding modes is the so-called
Algebraic Code Excited Linear Prediction Coder (ACELP).
Discontinuous transmission (DTX) has some advantages : in the
user terminal, battery life will be prolonged or a smaller battery could
be used for a given operational duration. From the network point of
view, leading to a lower interference level and hence increased
capacity.
Further optimization through AMR Source based rate adaptation

Person to person circuit switched services
2-Video telephony
Technical specifications of UMTS recommend ITU-T Rec. H.324M
(AMR-H.263) for video telephony.

Person to person packet switched services
Images and multimedia services
MMS (multimedia messaging)
Real time video sharing (one way video )

Push-to-Talk over Cellular (PoC)
voice connection is established by simply pushing a single button and
the receiving user hears the speech without even having to answer the
call.
Voice over IP
Multiplayer Games
Content to person services
internet browsing
Audio and Video streaming
Business Connectivity
Remote access to the intranets using UMTS
Contents
Contents
Section 1 Air interface basic principles
Section 2 Air interface protocol stack
Multiple Access Techniques

CDMA
Power
Tim
y
nc
e
u
req
Traffic channels: different

users are assigned unique
code and transmitted over
the same frequency band,
for example, WCDMA and
CDMA2000
TDMA
Power
Ti m
e
FDMA
Power
Us
e
U
Us ser r
Us e r
Us e r
er
Us
er
Tim
ue
q
e
r
y
nc
e
qu
e
r
F
y
nc
Traffic channels: different time slots

are allocated to different users, for
example: GSM
Traffic channels: different frequency bands

are allocated to different users,for example,
AMPS and TACS

FDMA/TDMA
5
7
6
7
CDMA
1
2
71
1
1
1
41
1
71
1
51
61
Frequency is different in each sector.
Frequency is same.
Need for
No need for frequency

plan
frequency plan (Frequency Reuse)

Reuse
DS-CDMA
Narrow Band
Spreading
Signal
Code 1
A
Wide Band
Signal
(Multiple Signal)
Despreading
(Receiver A)
Code 1
A
C
B
A
User-A
Code 2
User-A
(Receiver B)
Code 2
De-spreading
Code
User-B
Code 3
Narrow Band
Signal
User-B
(Receiver C)
Code 3
User-C
User-C
DS-CDMA
Any two codes x and y are orthogonal if
Rxy(0) = xi yi =0 (correlation or Cross correlation)
i=0
Example of two orthogonal codes are
x= -1-1 1 1 and y= -1 1 1 -1
Rxy(0) = -1 x-1 + -1 x 1 + 1 x 1 + 1 x -1 = 0
Spreading factor (SF) = chip rate/symbol rate
DS-CDMA
Spreading & de-Spreading

bit
bit
chip
Spectrum
code of length 8
Tx Data
Code
(SF=8)
Multiply
(spreading)
Tx operation
Data x
Code
Bandwidth
determined
by chip rate
Same
code
Multiply
Integrate & Dump

Soft Decisions
In the absence of noise and interference from other non-orthogonal codes the soft
decisions would be exactly +8 or -8, however this is never the true in reality
Spreading & de-Spreading with wrong orthogonal

code
chip
bit
bit
OVSF code #7
Tx Data
Code
(SF=8)
Multiply
(spreading)
Tx operation
Data x
Code
Different
orthogonal
codes
OVSF code #5
Multiply
Integrate & Dump
In the absence of noise and interference from other non-orthogonal codes the soft
decisions would be exactly 1 in this case, however this is never the true in reality
Spreading & de-Spreading with incorrect timing

bit
bit
chip
Tx Data
Multiply
(spreading)
Tx operation
Code
(SF=8)
Data x
Code
Code offset
by 1 chip
Same
code
Multiply
Integrate & Dump
The soft decisions are garbage => timing / synchronization is very important !!
Rake Receiver
C B
Rake
Rake receiver
Finger Circuit
RX
Combiner Combined
Finger Circuit
Signal
Finger Circuit
Searcher
Electric
Power
Calculation
Electric Power
Output Power
Multiple Signal 1
Multiple Signal 2
Multiple Signal 3
Delay Time
Delay Profile
Delay Time
Power control in WCDMA

Need for uplink power control
Near far problem

Need for Power control in Downlink
The downlink signals transmitted by one base station are orthogonal.
Signals that are mutually orthogonal do not interfere with each other
It is impossible to achieve full orthogonality in typical usage
environments. Signal reflections cause nonorthogonal interference even
if only one base station is considered
Signals sent from other base stations are, of course, nonorthogonal and
thus they increase the interference level

Two basic types of power control:
1- Open loop power control
the transmitting entity measures the channel interference of the received
signal and adjusts its transmission power accordingly. This can be done
quickly
the problem is that, the interference estimation is done on the received
signal, and the transmitted signal probably uses a different frequency,
which differs from the received frequency by the systems duplex offset.
As uplink and downlink fast fading (on different frequency carriers) do
not correlate, this method gives the right power values only on average.
2- Closed loop power control
the quality measurements are done on the other end of the connection
in the base station, and the results are then sent back to the mobiles
transmitter so that it can adjust its transmission power.
This method gives much better results than the open loop method, but it
cannot react to quick changes in channel conditions.

The UMTS FDD uses a fast closed-loop power control technique both in the
uplink and downlink. In this method the received signal-to interference ratio
(SIR) is measured over a 667-microsecond period, and based on that
value, a decision is made about whether to increase or decrease the
transmission power in the other end of the connection.
The fast closed-loop power control is also called the inner loop power
control.
In the uplink there is also outer loop power control , the RNC adjust the
target SIR to the NodeB
In the Downlink outer loop power control is implemented in the UE
The UMTS FDD uses open loop power control in the uplink random access
channels
WCDMA handover types

Soft Handover
UE is connected simultaneously to more than one base station (up to 3

sectors) using the same frequency
The UE receives the downlink transmissions of two or more base stations.
For this purpose it has to employ one of its RAKE receiver fingers for each
received signal.
in the uplink direction , the code channel of the mobile station is received
from both base stations, but the received data is then routed to the RNC for
combining
The RNC selects the better frame between the two possible candidates
based on frame reliability indicator

Softer Handover
UE is connected simultaneously to two sectors of one base station using

the same frequency
The UE receives the downlink transmissions from the two sectors. For this
purpose it has to employ one of its RAKE receiver fingers for each received
signal.
in the uplink direction , the code channel of the mobile station is received in
each sector, then routed to the same baseband Rake receiver and the
maximal ratio combined there in the usual way.

Hard Handover
The UE stops transmission on one frequency before it moves to another

frequency and starts transmitting again
During Hard Handover the used radio frequency (RF) of the UE changes

Inter-system Handover
Handover between two different radio access technologies
Handover between UMTS FDD and GSM
Handover between UMTS FDD and UMTS TDD
Spreading process in WCDMA

Coding
&
Interleaving
3,840 Kcps
Channelization
Code
Scrambling
Code
1st Step: Channelization

Variable Rate Spreading ( According to user data rate)
2nd Step: Scrambling Code
Fixed Rate Spreading (3,840 Kchips)

Downlink (NodeB to UE )
Scrambling Code: Identifies cell (sector).
Channelization Code: Identifies user channels in cell (Sector).
Scrambling Code A
Scrambling Code B
Channelization
Channelization
Code 2
Channelization
Code 3
Code 1
Channelization
Code 1
Channelization
Code 1
Channelization
Code 2
Channelization
Code 2
Scrambling Code C

Up Link (UE to NodeB )
Scrambling Code: Identifies user terminal.
Channelization Code: Identifies channels in user terminal.
Channelization
Code 2
Channelization
Code 1
Scrambling Code A
Channelization
Code 1
Scrambling Code B
Channelization
Code 1
Scrambling Code C

Orthogonal Variable Spreading Factor [OVSF] codes are the channelization
codes used for signal spreading in the uplink and downlink

The code used for scrambling of the uplink Channels may be of either long
or short type, There are 224 long and 224 short uplink scrambling codes.
Uplink scrambling codes are assigned by higher layers.
For downlink physical channels, a total of 218 -1 = 262,143 scrambling
codes can be generated. Only scrambling codes k = 0, 1, , 8191 are
used.
In the downlink direction 512 of scrambling codes are used to identify the
cells in the downlink so downlink code planning is required

Primary
scrambling code 0
Secondary
scrambling code 1
Set 0
Scrambling
codes for
downlink
physical
channels
Set 1
Secondary
scrambling code
15
Primary
scrambling code
51116
Set 511
8192
scrambling
codes
512 sets
Secondary
scrambling code
5111615
A primary scrambling code and 15 secondary scrambling codes are included in a

set.

Primary
scrambling code 0
Primary
scrambling code 1
Group 0
Primary
scrambling
codes for
downlink
physical
channels
Primary
scrambling code 7
Groupe1
Group 63
Primary
scrambling code
8*63
Primary
scrambling code
63*87
512 primary
scrambling codes
64 primary scrambling
code groups
Each group consists of 8

primary scrambling codes
W-CDMA Specification
Contents
Section 1 Air interface basic principles
Section 2 Air interface protocol stack
UMTS FDD Air interface protocol stack
UMTS FDD Air interface Channels
Logical channels
Transport channels (DL)
Transport channels (UL)
Physical channels
UMTS channel mapping
Cell search procedure
Cell search procedure

1 Frame = 10 ms
SCH
Node B
S-SCH 1 0
t
a
14
..........
256
Cell
CellSearch
Search
P-SCH S 0 S 1
Slot Timing
Frame Timing - Code Group
NodeB PSC Acquisition
a
21
1 Time Slot = 2560 Chips

S2
S3
S ..........
Same Word in all the Slots

Same Word for all BS
32
13
S14
256 Chips
8 ..........
714
Same Combination of 15 Words in all the Frames

Each Word of the Combination Can Be One of 16
UMTS Use Only 64 Different Combinations
Neighbours BS Should Use Different Combinations
a
1 2 3 1 8 6 5 2 5 8 4 46 3 7
#0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
9
9
9
#1
1
1
2
2
2
3
4
5
6
6
7
7
8
8
9
9
10
11
12
12
15
16
2
2
3
3
4
4
5
5
6
6
7
7
8
9
10
11
16
3
3
4
4
4
5
6
7
7
8
8
10
13
14
5
6
6
7
9
10
10
13
10
11
12
#2
2
5
1
3
16
4
11
6
10
13
8
10
12
14
2
15
9
14
12
15
4
3
5
12
6
8
7
13
9
11
2
9
12
14
5
13
3
15
4
4
6
5
9
16
12
4
8
16
7
15
10
11
7
8
11
13
9
6
10
12
15
13
12
10
#3
8
16
15
1
6
7
3
6
10
2
5
9
9
10
15
6
11
4
13
5
3
12
10
3
16
2
9
12
9
7
13
7
15
16
12
4
2
3
5
6
5
14
16
10
11
10
8
11
15
4
15
5
9
14
7
8
10
8
12
6
15
10
15
15
#4
9
7
5
8
6
4
4
14
4
14
7
16
9
14
15
16
15
13
14
4
7
11
16
15
12
9
5
12
3
2
3
7
2
5
5
2
13
11
16
11
16
4
10
5
14
6
16
4
4
16
16
4
14
16
10
13
7
10
8
5
14
11
12
13
#5
10
3
5
6
11
1
10
9
11
2
2
7
4
1
16
2
7
2
7
14
6
9
11
5
16
15
4
7
12
11
3
16
12
9
2
13
16
6
14
12
9
6
4
10
5
5
11
15
8
4
5
12
10
13
8
5
11
9
11
12
8
15
9
14
#6
15
14
12
5
15
5
9
10
7
6
4
9
13
15
10
13
6
9
2
3
10
13
3
8
3
14
9
15
8
9
12
13
4
2
14
8
8
14
7
13
15
12
16
4
11
9
12
3
15
8
4
4
13
6
5
7
6
8
9
8
6
15
13
9
#7
8
16
16
2
5
5
2
2
13
5
3
15
16
15
7
14
4
10
8
16
13
5
10
3
13
3
11
10
14
4
9
3
10
9
14
11
10
10
11
6
5
13
15
9
13
15
4
15
12
7
6
11
8
14
8
7
12
12
7
9
7
9
13
14
#8
10
3
6
5
12
3
11
13
16
5
8
1
5
8
8
10
16
12
14
7
12
8
11
5
13
14
2
5
15
16
7
12
13
16
8
6
8
15
4
12
9
5
3
9
3
4
15
11
3
7
16
6
7
13
7
6
9
5
8
7
16
16
11
15
#9 #10 #11 #12 #13 #14

16
2
7 15
7 16
10
5 12 14 12 10
11
2 16 11 15 12
8
4
4
6
3
7
1 15 12 16 11
2
6
2
8
7
6
8
2 10 12 12
9
3
9
2
5 14
1 13
11 13
6
4
1 16
13 10
9
1 14 10
3
2
6
6
4
5
8 16
8 15
2
2
1 13
5 12
4
8
5 11
4 10
5
4
1 10
8
2 16
9
11
7
4
5 12
3
5
2 12 13
3 14
16
8
5
3 15
6
2
1 13 11
8 11
8
6
2 10 11 13
5 14 16
8
2 11
2 14
7
4 10 15
8
5 13
3 13
8
14 12
9
8
9 14
6
7
9
2 12
7
9
5
5 15
8 12
14
5 14 11 16 16
2 15
5 13
7
4
12 14
5
3
2 15
7 16
9 14 14
4
16
6
9 16 13 12
2 13 12
9 16
6
15 13
4
5
5 10
11 11
5
7
4 14
15
3
9 12 15
9
4
6
8 15 15 11
13 11 11 16
3
5
10
6
7
7 14
3
11 14
9
9
7
5
14
4
5 13
5 14
10
6
4 15
4 10
13
6 11 11 12 14
5 10
5 15
6
6
16 15
6
3
5 15
6 14
6 13
4
4
15
5 16 16
9 10
11
4
7 16
3 15
12 12
4
7
8 16
16
4 16 12 11 11
15 12 11
3 16 12
4
3 15
9
6
9
6
5
3 14 13 12
8 10
4
4 13
9
7
8 15
6 15
7
12 12 10
6
9 11
16 14 15
8 16 15
12 11
8
8
6 10
11 10 11 12
7
7
9
5 12
6
7
6
6
7
8 11 11
9
8
7 13 14
5 16
12 14 13 16 14 11
14 10 16 15 14 16
11 11 13 12 16 10
112233118866552255884444663377
Contents
Contents
Section 1 ATM basic principles
Section 2 UTRAN protocol stack
Types of switching
Circuit Switching
Data is sent from the same route, so time delay is fixed
High-speed switching
Fixed rate
Packet Switching
Support multi-rate switching
Take full advantage of bandwidth
Time delay is not fixed
Packet switching effects on RT ( voice and Video) traffic transmission

Delay
Jitter ( variable inter-arrival time)
ATM can provides both CBR and VBR services
ATM Network Model

UNI
NNI
UNI
NNI
NNI
NNI
NNI
ATM Switch
UNI = User to Network Interface
NNI = Network to Network Interface
UNI
ATM End terminal
VP and VC
think VP as a bundle of virtual channels. (256 VC on one VP)
the individual virtual channels have unique VCI. The VCI values may be
reused in each virtual path.
ATM Connections
ATM Virtual Connection
UNI cell
VPI =1
VCI =1
Port
VPI
VCI
26
44
1
3
2
NNI cell
VPI =2
VCI =44
VPI
VCI
26
44
44
NNI cell
VPI =6
VCI =44
NNI cell
VPI =26
VCI =44
3
Port
UNI cell
VPI =20
VCI =30
3
Port
VPI
VCI
44
20
30
ATM Virtual Connection
Port
VPI
VCI
44
44
In order to exchange cells between A and B, several tables must be set up in network
node where the cells passed. After these tables have been set up, all the cells will be
transferred along this route. This route is called Virtual Connection.
ATM Protocol stack
ATM traffic classes
ATM applications in UMTS network

UTRAN
Uu
NodeB
Iub
Iu
Iu-CS
RNC
UE
MSC
NodeB
Iur
NodeB
RNC
UE
SGSN
NodeB
Iu-PS
ATM applications in UMTS network
Contents
Section 1 ATM basic principles
Section 2 UTRAN protocol stack
UTRAN Terrestrial interfaces protocol Stack

All UTRAN terrestrial interfaces follow a common protocol stack

Iub interface protocol stack

Iu-cs interface protocol stack

Iu-ps interface protocol stack

Iur interface protocol stack
Contents
3GPP R99 CN structure

CN elements
MSC (Mobile services switching center)
Responsible for routing of traffic and signaling information in the
network
MSC has special functionality to handle mobility
MSC handles handover
GMSC (Gateway Mobile services switching center)
Specialized MSC used to interface with fixed networks as PSTN and
ISDN
Used to interface with other mobile network

HLR (Home Location Register )
Centralized data base stores all administration and subscription
information related to registered subscriber to the network
HLR also stores the current location of the subscribers and any
supplementary services to which they have access
The permanent data stored for the subscriber includes
IMSI number and MSISDN number
Authentication information
VLR (Visitor Location Register)
Data base stores all the information related to subscriber in one MSC
service area
There is one VLR to each MSC

SGSN (Serving GPRS Support Node)
Handles mobility management and authentication
Protocol conversion between interface to RAN or BSS and interface to
GGSN
GGSN (Gateway GPRS Support Node)
It is connected to external network like internet or X.25 network
When the GGSN receives data addressed to a specific user, it checks if
the address is active. If it is, the GGSN forwards the data to the SGSN
serving the MS, but if the address is inactive, the data are discarded
The 3GPP R4 introduces separation of the connection, its control, and
services for CS domain of CN.
Media Gateway (MGW): an element for maintaining the connection and
performing switching function when required.
MSC server: an element controlling MGW and responsible for signaling
Packet switched voice
The CS call is changed to the packet switched call in MGW.

Introduction To 3G UMTS

Încărcat de

Informații document

Titlu original

Drepturi de autor

Formate disponibile

Partajați acest document

Partajați sau inserați document

Opțiuni de partajare

Vi se pare util acest document?

Este necorespunzător acest conținut?

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

Introduction To 3G UMTS

Încărcat de

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

Introduction to UMTS

Evolution of Mobile communication

AMPS = Advanced Mobile phone service

GSM=Global system for Mobile Communications

TACS=Total Access Communications Systems

NMT=Nordic Mobile Telephone

PDC=personal digital cellular

1992: 230MHz spectrum was allocated in 2GHz band (WARC92)

Standardization organizations such as 3GPP, 3GPP2 were established

UMTS is a 3rd Generation Mobile System

UMTS FDD and TDD

TDD (Time Division Duplex)

Frequency allocation for IMT2000

WARC in 1992 230MHz in 2GHZ Band was allocated to IMT2000

PHS IMT-2000 MSS IMT-2000

1880 1900 1920

1980 2010 2025

MSS: Mobile Satellite Service

Frequency spectrum allocation for IMT-2000

Frequency spectrum allocation for IMT-2000

Frequency spectrum allocation for IMT-2000

: Additionally assigned for IMT-2000

UMTS FDD frequency allocations

UE transmit, Node B receive

UE receive, Node B transmit

1920 1980 MHz

2110 2170 MHz

1850 1910 MHz

1930 1990 MHz

824 849 MHz

TX-RX frequency separation

GSM network architecture

UMTS network architecture

UMTS Network Components

UMTS Network Components

UMTS Network Services

UMTS Network Services

The speech codec in UMTS will employ the Adaptive Multirate

UMTS Network Services

UMTS Network Services

UMTS Network Services

UMTS Network Services

UMTS Network Services

Content to person services

Section 1 Air interface basic principles

Section 2 Air interface protocol stack

Multiple Access Techniques

Traffic channels: different

Traffic channels: different time slots

Traffic channels: different frequency bands

Multiple Access Techniques

Multiple Access Techniques

Frequency is different in each sector.

No need for frequency

frequency plan (Frequency Reuse)

Spreading factor (SF) = chip rate/symbol rate

Spreading & de-Spreading

Integrate & Dump

Spreading & de-Spreading with wrong orthogonal

Integrate & Dump

Spreading & de-Spreading with incorrect timing

Integrate & Dump

Power control in WCDMA