MDB 2013-FLUID MECHANICS I

Finite Control Volume Analysis

Conservation of Mass

Dr. Jundika Candra Kurnia

Department of Mechanical Engineering
Room : 19-03-20
Phone : 05-368-7157
jundika.kurnia@petronas.com.my

Conservation of Mass?

Lesson outcome:
At the end of the lecture the student should be
able to:
Select appropriate control volume
Understand the concept of conservation of mass
(continuity equation)
Apply conservation of mass to the content of a
finite control volume to get important answer

Introduction
In the previous lecture, we have studied how to
select appropriate control volume for a complex
engineering system
We briefly explore definition of system, control
mass and control volume and their relation
Reynolds Transport Theorem
DBsys
Dt

dV V n dA

t CV
CS

= B/m

mV

Conservation of mass
The principle of conservation of mass
The mass is conserved for a system, i.e. time rate of
change of the system mass = 0.

DM sys
Dt

0, where M sys dV

(1)

sys

For a system and a fixed, non deforming CV that are

coincident at an instant time (RTT with B=m and =1)
D
dV

Dt sys

Time rate of
change of the mass
of the coincident
sy stem

dV

t CV

Time rate of change of

the mass of the contents of
the coincident
control volume

V n dA

CS

Net rate of flow

of mass through
the control surfaces

(2)

Conservation of mass
Combining Eqs (1) and (2) gives

dV V n dA 0
(3)

t CV
CS
Eq (3) commonly referred as continuity equation
The sign of the dot product V n is + when the flow
out of the control volume and when the flow into
the control volume

The net of mass flow through CS

V n dA m

out

m in

(4)

CS

where m Q AV

(5)

Conservation of mass
The velocity presented in Eq. 5 is the average value
of the component of velocity normal to the section
involved

V n dA
A

(6)

For uniformly distributed velocity

V n dA
A

Also known as one-dimensional flow

Conservation of mass
When the flow is steady
m out m in 0

(7)

When the flow is steady and incompressible

out

Qin 0

(8)

For steady flow involving only one stream of a

specific fluid flow through a CV at section 1 and 2

1 A1V1 2 A2V2
m

(9)

For incompressible flow with above conditions

Q A1V1 A2V2

(10)

Conservation of mass
Example 1: steady flow
A worker is performing maintenance in a small tank with
diameter 2 m and height 3 m. Fresh air enter through 0.2 m
diameter hose and exits through 0.1 m diameter port on the
wall. The flow is assumed steady and incompressible.

Determine:
a. The air exchange rate needed (in m3/s) for this tank if a
complete air change is required every 3 minutes.
b. The velocity of air entering and leaving the tank at this
exchange rate

Conservation of mass
For moving, non deforming control volume, the
conservation of mass becomes

(9)
dV W n dA 0

t CV
CS
where V W VCV

For deforming control volume

dV W n dA 0

t CV
CS
where V W VCS

(10)

V is the fluid velocity seen by stationary observer in a fixed coordinate system, W is the fluid velocity
seen by an observer moving with control volume/control surface, VCV and VCS are the velocity of the
control volume and control surface, respectively

Conservation of mass
Example 2: unsteady flow
Water enters a rigid sealed cylindrical tank at steady rate of
100 liters/h and forces gasoline (SG = 0.68) out as
indicated in the figure

Determine: The time rate of change of mass of gasoline

contained in the tank (Assume incompressible flow)

Conservation of mass
Example 3: moving control volume
An airplane moves forward at condition described in the figure. The frontal
area of the jet engine is 0.80 m2 and the entering air density is 0.736
kg/m3. A stationary observer determines that relative to the earth, the
exhaust gases leave the engine at 1050 km/h. The engine thrust area
is 0.558 m2 and the exhaust gas density is 0.515 kg/m3

Estimate the mass flow rate of fuel into the engine