1

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION
Background
The last few years we were struck by the printed and electronic media
coverage of cases of child abuse, and some of them must be breathed last.
Children are not small adults. child is a unique individual who can not be
equated with adults, both in terms of physical, emotional, thought patterns and
treatment they receive, require special treatment specialties and stable
emotions. In children concentrated a great responsibility as a hope for the
future of the nation.
Basic needs are very important for a child is the love, attention and
encouragement to be met parents. Iu addition, the involvement of children in a
positive experience will support mental development towards a more healthy.
Lots of good communication and a more affective approach However, there is
also the use of violence as a method to enforce compliance and discipline
1

children.Child abuse is also called child abuse is an act of physical violence,

emotional, sexual and neglect committed by parents or family members and

others to a child causing injury to the physical and emotional condition of the
child. In general, child abuse can be physical, mental, sexual violence,
pedophilia, discarded baby, abortion, marriage of minors, underage labor
cases, children are forced into prostitution and divorce cases. All of these cases
affect the children who certainly will have a negative impact on the
development and subsequent child's personality.
In the field of medicine itself, Child Abuse was first reported in 1860, in
France. Where 320 children died with suspicion due to wrong treatment. More
than 100 children die every year because of abuse and neglect. For sexual
abuse, most often occur in girls. Child Abuse can occur at any age, ranging
from 0-18 years and the highest incidence in the age of less than two years, ie

2
50%. Genesis Child Abuse in society varies between 15-42 cases per 1000
children per year.
Violence that occurs in children is not only happening in the family
environment. Home and school environment is fertile land and UTMA source of
violence, because the ore children interact with parents, caregivers or
teachers. This needs to be special attention to the case of Child Abuse.
The interaction between the medical and legal fields at this time there is
no doubt. In the case of Child Abuse Forensic field clinical role. Every state has
laws that explain the legal responsibility to report if there is suspicion of child
abuse. This case should be reported to child protection services institutions is.
In Indonesia, it is stipulated in the Criminal Procedure Law (Criminal Code) that
the article related to the type and result of injury to the child.

CHAPTER II
LITERATURE REVIEW

1.

Definition (Child Abuse)

Child abuse is the action taken on their person or individual who has not

reached the age of 18 years which led to physical and or mental condition
impaired.
Children Article 1 (1) of Law No. 23 of 2002 on the Protection of Children.)
Is a 18-year-old money yet, including the child in the womb. Violence is defined
as an action taken one individual against another individual that lead to
physical and or mental disorders.
All parts of this Convention regulate the fulfillment of children's rights.
There are 4 basic principles of children's rights contained in the Convention on
the Rights of the Child, namely:

Non-discrimination
Best interests of the child The right to life
Survival and development
And Respect for the views of the child.
Child Abuse is physical abuse, sexual or emotional towards children. In
the United States, United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
define child maltreatment as any act or series of acts or omissions by parents
or other caregivers who may pose the danger, potential danger or threat of

4
danger to the child. Most child abuse occurs in the home, with a smaller
amount going on school organization or place to play.
According to the WHO child abuse is an act of abuse or maltreatment of
children in the form of physical abuse, emotional, sexual, neglect and
exploitation care for commercial or other exploitation resulting in injury or loss
of real against child health, survival, growth and development and dignity
children conducted in context of the relationship of responsibility, trust or
power.
2.

Classification of Violence on Children

Based on the effect and its properties, child abuse can be divided into

several categories:
a. Physical violence (Physical Abuse)
Physical violence on children is "non-accidental injury" in children ranging
from mild to severe to severe neurological trauma even to the death. One
treatment can be considered physically occur when a child deliberately harmed
physically or ditempatakan on condition that allows physically harmed. Physical
injury as a result of punishment beyond the limits, and the perpetrators of
aggressive behavior, cruelty to inflict punishment on children. Injuries can be
caused by blows, lashes, burns, abrasions and scratches, bruises with various
levels of healing, fractures, injuries to the mouth, lips, jaw, eyes, perineal, and
the poisoning.
b. In Sexual Harassment (Sexual Abuse)
Sexual assault on a child either using persuasion or coercion of a child to
hold a behavior or real sexual activity. Sexual violence includes rape, sexual
slavery, and other forms such as sexual abuse, sexual humiliation in public, and
sexual harassment.
On the other hand, in the children's rights convention stated that the
ratification of the state should take all appropriate national, bilateral,
multilateral, to prevent:

Push or force the child to engage in sexual acts that violate the law.
The exploitation of children in prostitution or sexual practices flawed.
The exploitation of children in pornographic material performances.

It can thus be considered as sexual harassment. However, other forms of

sexual exploitation may also include such abuse by the adult and remuneration
or other things on the child or the person or a third party where the child is
treated as a sex object and as a commercial object.
Another definition of sexual harassment as any sexual offense committed
or permitted to do, for young people by adults or other person legally
responsible for him. This can include touching a child for the purpose of sexual
gratification or force the child to touch an adult, sexual intercourse, sexual
activity to show children, exhibisionisme, or allow child pornography or sexual
intercourse that is not in accordance with its development.
As a result of sexual abuse of children has resulted in psychological
effects, and it is difficult clinically proven.
Sexual violence can be done by parents to their children (biological or
step), siblings or others, nannies, teachers, friends or other people to watch.
c. Violence In Emotional (Emotional Abuse)
Emotional violence is any act either intentionally or unintentionally,
attitude, behavior or other actions committed by a parent, caregiver or other
person yng cause emotional or mental disorders of children.
Emotional abuse can be viewed by using derogatory words a child, does
not recognize as a child. Emotional violence is usually accompanied by
violence. Emotional abuse is often also referred to verbal abuse or mental
abuse / maltreatment psylogical. Emotional abuse from a range of simple
moves to the extreme. Emotional abuse can be in the form of humiliation of
children, child refusal, withdraw or avoid the child, not considering the feelings
of the child, the child's negative behavior, remove the words that are not good
for the development of children's emotions, extreme punishment on children
like to put children in a dark room , confining the child in the bathroom, tying
children, and much more punishment parents who unwittingly parents is a
behavior that causes emotional abuse in children.
In this case emotional abuse is the act of making someone sad,
disappointed, angry and afraid annoyed. Emotional abuse is difficult to
empirically seen in a long time. As a result of an emotional or mental abuse is a

6
glum face, sad, angry, disappointed, or sometimes unnatural, which can be
long, it could also be a minute.
Emotional violence is always there when other violence are identified,
there is overlap between the definition of child emotional abuse and neglect of
children because they can occur simultaneously in children.
Emotional violence on children can be done by people who are older than
the child or other children that parents, caregivers, teachers, siblings, and
others who have access or opportunity to commit violence on children's
emotional.
d. Neglect
Neglect can be interpreted as a waiver or do not meet the basic needs of
children, and also direct the activities or behaviors that can cause deleterious
effects on physical or mental condition of the child. Children's needs are not
met fairly good physical, mental, social, spiritual, including education.
Neglect can be:
(A). Physical neglect
Physical neglect or do not meet the physical needs of the child as not
adequacy of nutrition in children, housing, lack of supervision or supervision
that can lead to children at risk for physical or emotional trauma, delay in
bringing the child if the child has health problems, inadequate personal
hygiene of children.
(B). Neglect Education
Neglect is defined neglect education both in the field of informal
education as educating children so that he is able to interact with the
environment and raise our children to be successful days ahead. Neglect formal
education where school-age children are not given to get a proper education,
even children were told to make a living for the family so that the child was
forced to drop out of school.
(C). Neglect Phycological (Emotional)
Emotional neglect is seen as a lack of emotional support for children and
a lack of love or affection given by parents or those nearby. Emotional neglect
can be a lack of attention to the needs of children, including a lack of affective
for child care, lack of attention terhaap emotional needs of children, the

7
existence of child abuse by parents without regard to the impact it had on the
growth of children.

Munchausen Syndrome

Munchausen syndrome is a demand for treatment of a disease that made-up by

giving false medical information by parents, which causes the child a lot of
examination / hospital procedures.
Characterized by the following matters:

- Parents move from one doctor to another doctor until the moment finally told
me that there is something wrong with their child.

- Childhood diseases that can not be explained why.

- Children who fail to grow for no apparent reason.
- Children of women who suddenly changed behavior, very scared to be alone
or with strangers, to watch out for the possibility of sexual abuse.

In older children, may be able to tell the lesion, but then changed his
account of fear of retaliation or to prevent retaliation parents.

3.

Prevalence Genesis Violence on Children

According to the (US) National Committee to Prevent Child Abuse, neglect

against children represent 54% of confirmed cases of child abuse, 22% physical
abuse, sexual abuse 8%, 4% emotional abuse, and other forms of persecution
reached 12%. A UNICEF report on child welfare states that the United States
and Britain was ranked lowest among industrialized countries relating to the
welfare of children.
While in Indonesia, cases of violence against children in the country in
the past two years has increased, from 1,626 cases in 2012 to 1,891 in 2013.
4.

Why of Violence on Children

Many factors - factors that cause violence on children in the household.

The family in this case is the most important unit in avoiding or to violence in
children. Children who are born should get good treatment for the growth and
future. Children do not ask to be born in the world, but when he was born the
host should take care of the child with the best and expected by the child's

8
family as a barrier against violence that may have happened. But in reality,
child abuse occurs in families and ironically also done by people who notaben it
is a parent or next of kin. Many factors can lead to the occurrence of child
abuse. Socio-cultural factors, among others, are values or norms that exist in
society, the relationship between man and the progress of time. Besides
violence in children can be caused by trigger factors derived from the child,
family stress and the stress that comes from the parents.
According to complaints received by National Commission for Child
Protection, the causes of violence against children that occur are:
1) Domestic violence, ie in family violence involving both the father, mother
and other relatives. The condition causes the inevitability of violence
occurs also in children. Children are often the target of the anger of
parents,
2) family dysfunction, namely the role of parents is not running as it should.
Dysfunction father's role as the leader of the family and the role of the
mother as someone who is guiding and loving.
3) Economic factors, namely violence arises because of economic pressures.
Depressed condition caused family economic pressure is a factor that a lot
going on.
4) view is mistaken about the position of the child in the family. Parents
assume that the child is a person who does not know anything. Thus any
parenting entitled done by parents.
In addition, other factors are inspired from the shows television and other
media that spread within the community. Which is very surprising that 62% of
television and other media have been building and creating violent behavior
Unicef suggests there are two factors behind the emergence of child
abuse by parents.
Each of these factors from both parents and children themselves. 2 of
these factors, among others:
a)

Parents who had been a victim of child abuse and exposure to violence in
the home, parents are full sters living conditions, such as overcrowded
homes, poverty, drug abusing parents, parents who have a mental
disorder such as depression or psychotic disturbances personality.

9
b)

Children who are premature, mentally retarded children, physically

disabled children, children who love great cry or many demands. Based
on the description of both parents and children alike effect on the
incidence of child abuse.

FACTORS MULTIDIMENTIONAL WRONG TREATMENT IN CHILDREN

Socio-cultural factors

Stress comes
from children

Different physical (eg

disability)

Different mental (eg

retardation)

Different

Family stress

values / norms that exist in society human

relationships progress of time: education,
entertainment, sports, health, law, etc.

Stress comes from

parents

poverty, unemployment,
mobility, isolation, inadequate
housing, etc.
parent-child relationships,
stress pernatal, children who
are not expected, prematurity,
etc.
divorce Etc.

low self-esteem
little time gets mistreatment

depression
hope to children who are not
realistic character
disorder / mental illness etc.

temperaments

different behavior (eg

discipline
conflict / contention

sudden environmental problems

Situation
originator
Attitude / actions are wrong

Persecution
Inability treating
Poisoning
Mental terror

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5.

Signs and symptoms

Signs of physical abuse:
1.

Scars, bruises, burns or unexplained origin and appear repeatedly.

2.

Scar shaped like a particular object, such as belts, electrical wiring, and
others.

3.

The wounds were not possible based on the consideration of a child's

age. For example, fractures in children who can not walk or climb.

4.

Unreasonable explanation about the cause of the injury.

5.

Has a timid nature.

Signs of verbal abuse:

1. Aggressive behavior or closed.

2. Shy and avoid physical contact with a parent or adult.

Signs of sexual abuse:

1. Son said he had been treated sexually inappropriate.
2. Children have physical signs such as:

- Difficulty walking or sitting

- Blood stained clothes
- Bruises and injuries to the genital and anal areas
- Genital or rectal pain, itching, swelling, and redness
3.

Children showed behavioral and emotional signs such as:

Difficulty eating or sleeping
Soiling or wetting pants or bed when he had trained pee in the toilet
Often excessive crying and sad
Withdraw from activities and others
Talking about or perform sexual acts out of the ordinary for his age.

6.

Impact

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The impact on children who have violent behavior in addition to the case
as shown on the symptoms that appear at the time of the child, the other
effects that may occur are in general is:
A. Child lying, fear, less can know love or affection, it's hard to believe
with others
B. Low self-esteem and show destructive behavior
C. Impaired in psychological development and social interaction
D. In older children do violence on his children and smaller children
E. Difficulties to build relationships with others
F.

Severe anxiety or panic, depression children experience physical pain

and trouble in school

G. Abnormality or distortion of the views on sex

H. Personality disorders
I.

Difficulties in relationships with other people in terms of sexuality

J.

Have a tendency to prostitution

K. Have serious problems in adulthood

L. Physical damage or physical injury
M. Children will be individuals who are less confident, vindictive and
aggressive
N. Deviant behavior, such as, withdrew from the environment, drug and
alcohol abuse, to suicidal tendencies
O. If the child is sexually abused, it will cause profound trauma in
children, fear of getting married, low self-esteem, etc;
P.

Children are denied education.

The following are the impacts caused violence against children (child
abuse):

The impact of physical violence, child abuse received from his parents
will be very aggressive, and after becoming parents would be mean to her
children. Aggressive parents give birth to children aggressive, which in turn
will become adults who become aggressive. illustrates that all types of
mental disorders has to do with the poor treatment received by man when
he was a child. Physical violence took place repeatedly over a long period

12
will cause serious injury to a child, physical scars to cause the death of the
victim

- Impact of psychological violence. Unicef points out, children who often

scolded her parents, let alone followed by torture, tend to imitate the bad
behavior (coping mechanism) such as bulimia nervosa (regurgitate food
back), eating disorders, anorexia (fear of fat), addiction to alcohol and drugs,
and have suicidal impulse. Psychological violence is difficult to be identified
or diagnosed as not to leave the former real as physical torture. This type of
violence hidden scars that manifest in several forms, such as lack of
confidence, difficulty fostering friendship, destructive behavior, withdrew
from the environment, drug and alcohol abuse, or suicidal tendencies.

- The impact of sexual violence. among the victims who still feel resentment
towards the perpetrator, fear of getting married, feel inferior, and the trauma
of sexual exploitation, although now they are adults or even married. Even
experienced sexual exploitation of a child during many suspected as the
cause of involvement in prostitution. If sexual violence occurs in young
children, the negative effect among others of which are not usually so wet
the bed wetting, easily scared, changes in sleep patterns, anxiety
unreasonable, or even physical symptoms such as abdominal pain or skin
problems.

- Impact of child neglect most visible effect if the child has this thing is the
lack of attention and affection of parents of the child, if the child is less
affection from parents led to the development of insecurity, failed to develop
intimate behavior, and will have problems of adjustment to future. The other
is the impact of negligence in treatment led to a failure to properly care for
the child. Negligence in education, including a failure to educate a child is
able to interact with the environment failed to send or send children to make
a living for the family so that the child was forced to drop out of school.

A.

The impact on children's physical

13
The diagnosis can be confirmed if found physical trauma that can not be
explained why.
1. Blisters, hematuom, bite marks, burns, fractures, retinal hemorrhage due
to a subdural hematoma and the presence of organ damage and other.
2. Defects as a result of trauma, such as scarring, nerve damage, hearing
loss, eye damage, and other defects.
3. Death.
B.

Impact on child development

In children who received one treatment generally slower growth of

normal children, namely:

1. Physical growth is generally less than other children the same age that
there was no significant difference in body weight and steeper children
treated wrong with peers.
2. Psychological development disorders, namely:

- Intelligence
Several studies have reported there is a delay in cognitive
development, language, reading and motor.

Direct trauma and mal nutrition can result in mental retardation.

Some cases reinforced by the child's environment in which there is no
adequate stimulation or emotional disorders Due.

- Emosi
To determine the change in the emotional abuse of the child is required
anamneses full of family, how the relationship of each child.

There are emotional disturbances on: development of a positive selfconcept, in addressing the aggressive nature, the development of
social relationships and the ability to confidently.

Occurs pseudomaturitas emotion. Some become aggressive or hostile

with adults, or withdrawn. Children like bedwetting, bizarre behavior,
hyperactivity, learning difficulties, failing schools, sleeplessness, and
so forth.

- The concept of self

unloved, unwanted, grim, unhappy, and even tried to kill himself.

14

- Aggressive : Children who are physically abuse, more aggressive

towards their peers. Such mimic their parents' actions and divert
aggressive feelings towards his friend.

- Social relationships : In children are often less able to get along with
peers or adults. Have few friends like disturbing and so on.

7.

Prevention of Child Abuse

Child abuse can happen anytime, anywhere, and with anyone -

even a close family member or friend. Children younger than one year
comprised almost half of all deaths, and three quarters were younger than four
years. This is a serious figures. Parents, family members, and friends of the
family needs to wake up and be more involved in preventing violence against
children.
Despite all efforts to publicize, educate, and make people aware of
the problem of child abuse, statistics show that the harassment and child
abuse continues to rise. The incidence of deaths from child abuse increased
over the past five years. Many researchers, doctors, teachers and professionals
associated with children believe that the number of deaths each year from
child abuse are not reported. Several studies have reported that as many as
50% -60% of childhood deaths due to child abuse or neglect has not been
reported.
Child abuse can be prevented. first, through awareness, early
detection and intervention. Protecting children from abuse is the first and
foremost concern of police and child protection authorities.
Education of children to recognize inappropriate behavior (sexual
and physical) and report possible abuse at the initial stage of their parents or
relatives will help children avoid being harassed, save the family of
dysfunctional interactions, identify the perpetrators immediately to law
enforcement and assist in the early identification of family members with
abusive tendencies before the crime. In an ideal world, helping psychiatric be
available to treat people who abuse children.

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Most actors, so they have to act out and commit acts of
harassment, arrested, prosecuted, tried, convicted, sent to prison, and is
characterized as a sexual offender. To prevent abuse by changing the behavior
of actors (whether they are lovers or friends), the tendency to be rough to be
identified before the abuse actually happened. Once the trend is identified, the
best hope for treating serious mental disorders are behavioral counseling.
8.

Law
Every state, including Indonesia has the Law on child protection, child

protection in Indonesia alone has been set on the Law of the Republic of
Indonesia Number 23 of 2002 on the Protection of Children which, among
others

concerning

children's

rights,

obligations

and

responsibilities

of

governments, communities, and parents in child protection, and it will also

regulate the criminal provisions against violations of children's rights.
Occurred despite the fact that many cases have violated the rights of
children, but less public attention, and difficult to disclose to the surface socalled iceberg. Child abuse is often considered to be a natural thing for socially
viewed as a way of disciplining a child. Child abuse is a serious public attention
if the victim of violent acts committed by adults to children numbers multiply,
and result in a very miserable children.
In Act No. 23 of 2002 on Protection of Children in Indonesia, if the
perpetrator's own parents, the penalty will be added a third. Article 80 states,
paragraph 1: any person who does kekejaram, violence or threats of violence,
or child abuse, shall be punished with imprisonment not exceeding 3 years 6
months and / or a fine of not more Rp72.000.000. Paragraph 2, in the case of a
child referred to in paragraph 1 seriously injured, the offender shall be
punished with imprisonment of 5 years and / or a maximum fine of
100,000,000.
Paragraph 3, in the case referred to in paragraph 2 children die, the
offender shall be punished by a maximum imprisonment of 10 years and / or a
fine of not more Rp200,000,000. Crime can be added a third of the provisions
referred to in paragraph 1, 2, and paragraph 3 if the parent who committed
abuses.

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9.

Combating violence and child abuse

The experience of child sexual abuse varies from individual to individual.

Severity, intensity, and frequency, age of the child, the relationship between
the child and the perpetrator, the level of support from parents, the level of
recognition by the actors, the quality of family functioning, level of violence,
and the specific nature of abusing all influence the type and severity of the
effect seen in the child victim. Thus, it is important to note that there is no
single profile of symptoms unique to children who have been sexually abused,
and not all (or even most) of children who have been sexually abused display
one of the signs that a child has been abused or violence. Logically, therefore,
every child victims should be assessed with care and treatment plan should be
developed.
It is interesting to note that research shows that minority children
(approximately 20-40%) who have experienced sexual abuse seem to suffer
some psychological disorder or social symptoms of distress. It may be difficult
to determine whether children who do not show symptoms are facing violence.
Some children may show what is considered a "sleep effect" or the
development of serious symptoms some time after the end of the harassment.
A number of treatments are available for victims of child abuse. Traumafocused cognitive behavioral therapy, was first developed to treat children are
sexually abused. Now used for any trauma victims. It targets trauma-related
symptoms

in

children

including

post-traumatic

stress

disorder,

clinical

depression, and anxiety. It also includes a component for parents. Some studies
have found that children suffered sexual abuse increased more than children
undergoing certain other therapies. Other forms of treatment include group
therapy, play therapy, and art therapy.
Each type of treatment can be used to further help, depending on the
shape of their abuse. Play therapy and art therapy is a way to get kids more
comfortable with therapy by doing something they enjoy (coloring, drawing,
painting, etc.). Children's artwork design could be symbolic representation of
what they feel, relationships with friends or family, and more. Being able to
discuss and analyze the child's artwork can allow one to gain a better insight of
the child.

17
Play therapy is used to help children cope with trauma such as violence
and to allow them to come to terms with the painful emotional problems.
While adults can communicate using words, children tend to use play as
a means to express themselves. As children often have limited ability to
express themselves and communicate with adults using language, playing an
important tool to help to manage emotions and feelings. Children are also
usually able to feel safe within the boundaries of play and better able to
express fear.
The term "play therapy" was first put forward by Freud, and most of the
current approaches to play therapy has emerged as a result in psychoanalytic
therapy. Play is widely recognized as the way a child's most natural to
overcome express and communicate feelings and fears and desires. This is
similar to how adults use words in counseling or psychotherapy. While all
children use play to understand the world around them, for those who have
been abused or traumatized in some way, play therapy offers the opportunity
to work through special events with therapists play in a safe environment.
Doctors role in identifying cases of Child Abuse in the child protection system in
each community. key health care providers, such as:

Identify and report suspected cases of Child Abuse

Diagnosing and management (medical and psychiatric) for child victims of
child abuse

Provide consultation regarding medical aspects of Child Abuse

Participate in a multidisciplinary team of consultants in the case of public
Provide expert testimony in court proceedings child protection
Educating parents about the needs, how to maintain and management
Provide support for families who have risk factors Child Abuse
Build and implement primary prevention programs
Provide training for medical professionals medical concerns Child Abuse

10.

Risk Factors

18
Characteristics of parents who are at risk of violence to children are:
parents are aggressive and impulsive, single parents, young age, marital
problems such as divorce, conflict in the family such as by-laws, families with
many children, parents drug or alcohol addiction, family in new areas without
friends, and parents who are less educated. Families experiencing conflict has a
direct influence on the socialization of children in the community and schools.
Child abuse can cause delays and growth disorders in children.

11.

Medical Evaluation
To see the effects of abuse on children, we need to know the age and

developmental level of the child at the time of the incident experienced by the
child, the child's experience in the deal, and all the emotions of a family
environment. From clinical observations, one treatment can affect many things,
including the development of emotional and physical disorders cognitive
aspects. Necessary in diagnosing medical history, physical and mental
examination, laboratory and radiology. So, we need a multi-disciplinary
approach.
The doctor who saw patients children should familiar with common
manifestations of child abuse ,motivated to report their findings to the
authorities, and ready to testify.
A medical expert in physical abuse to be a doctor with a large enough
training or experience in the diagnosis of nonaccidental injury in children and
infants. Additional training and experience in many cases, experts ekspertise
physical abuse should have a general familiarity with text books and literature
depicting jurtnal diagnostic features nonaccicental injury. Most experts in
ekspertise physical abuse in children is a pediatrician. Other medical specialists
that may be an expert in cases of physical violence, including radiologists,
pathologists, family physicians, and emergency and critical care physicians
(UDG). These specialists also have to show the training and experience in a
particular field of physical violence. While in the case of sexual assault on a
child to consider two things: history and physical examination.
While cases of neglect of children less than cases of physical violence or
child sexual abuse in children. Cases of child neglect is usually done precisely

19
by his biological parents. Medically this case occurs if the intervention on
health protection is not given from parents to their children. But for cultural
reasons it is usually done. Emotional abuse in medical can be diagnosed by a
psychiatrist or a psychologist who evaluate emotionally and mentally.

CHAPTER 3
CLOSING
Conclusion
Violence against children is a painful treatment of all forms of physical or
emotional, sexual abuse, neglect, commercial exploitation or other exploitation,
resulting in injury / loss of real or potential impact on child health, child
survival, growth and development of the child, or the dignity of children who do
in the context of a relationship of responsibility, trust or power. Statistically,
violence against children also do not know the sex, within the meaning of this
violence occurs in all children under the age of 18 years.
In general, child abuse can be divided into physical violence, emosional
violence, sexual abuse and neglect in which each form of violence has a
viewpoint and a different approach. A doctor has a very important role in
recognizing signs of violence.
In this case, a doctor is expected to mediate the relationship between the
child or the victim with law enforcement agencies or other social institutions.

20
That both these roles be effective, it needs good communication skills and
empathy for patients.
KPAI (Indonesian Child Protection Commission) is a government agency
established to protect children and their rights. Even with this KPAI, in fact
there are many children who have experienced violence and abuse in
Indonesia.

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

1. Child

abuse,

definition,

prevention

diunduh

dari

http://www.emedicinehealth.com/child_abuse/article_em.htm diakses pada tanggal 21

September 2012.
di akses pada tanggal 19 September 2012.
4. Nelson. 2013. Ilmu Kesehatan Anak Esensial. Jakarta : EGC.
5. Penatalaksanaan

dan

pemeriksaan

korban

child

abuse

di

unduh

dari

http://www.kidscape.org.uk/professionals/childabuse.shtml di akses pada tanggal 21

September 2012.
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