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Chapter 2
Class width
high low
(increase to next integer)
number classes
Class midpoint
Lower boundary
Chapter 3
x
n
Sample mean x
x
N
Population mean
xw
w
Weighted average
Computation formula s
x x
n 1
x 2 ( x) 2 / n
n 1
2
Population variance
s
100
x
xf
n
x x
n 1
x2 f
xf
n 1
/n
Chapter 4
Probability of the complement of event A P Ac
1 P A
P A P B| A
P B P A| B
P A
n!
n r !
n!
r! n r !
P A P B
P B
P A
P B
P A and B
Chapter 5
Mean of a discrete probability distribution
xP x
a b
a 1 b 2
a 2 12
b2 22
r n r
Cn,r p q
np
Standard deviation
npq
P n
p 1 p
r = number of successes
= mean number of successes over given interval P
Chapter 6
Raw score
Standard score z
e
r!
n 1
P x
3|Page
Chapter 7
Mean of x distribution
/ n
Mean of p distribution
pq
;q 1 p
n
Chapter 8
Confidence Interval
For
where E
zc
E
when
is known
s
when is unknown
n
with d.f. n 1
tc
p E
( x1
zc
p (1 p )
n
r
n
p
For
p E
where E
p) > 5)
(independent samples)
x2 ) E
where E
zc
s12
n1
tc
with d.f.
2
1
2
2
n1
n2
s22
when
n2
( x1
when
1 or
x2 ) E
1 and
2 is
2 are
known
unknown
smaller of n1 1 and n2
( p1
p 2 ) E
where E
p1
zc
p1
( p1
p2
p1q1
n1
r1 / n1 ; p 2
p2
p 2 ) E
p 2 q2
n2
r2 / n2 ; q1 1 p1 ; q2
1 p 2
Means n
zc
Proportions n
n
p 1 p
zc
E
1 zc
4 E
Chapter 9
Sample Test Statistics for Tests of Hypotheses
For
known
For
unknown
For p (np
5 and nq
z
t
/ n
x
s/ n
5)
sd / n
pq / n
; d. f . n 1
, where q 1 p; p
r/n
; d. f . n 1
known)
unknown) z
x1 x2
2
1
2
2
n1
n2
x1 x2
s12
n1
s22
n2
; d. f .
smaller of n1 1 and n2 1
p1
pq
n1
p 2
pq
n2
, where p
r1 r2
and q
n1 n2
1 p; p1
r1 / n1; p 2
r2 / n2
5|Page
Chapter 10
Regression and Correlation
Least-squares line y
a bx, where b
xy ( x)( y )
x 2 ( x) 2
r2
r n 2
Coefficient of determination
Sample test statistic for r t
y E
with d . f .
n 2
y2 a y b
n 2
xy
1 r2
b E
y E , where E
b
Se
x2
xy ( x)( y )
( x) 2 n
and a
tc Se
1
1
n
where E
Tests of independence d . f .
Tests of homogeneity
Goodness of fit d . f .
d. f
( R 1)(C 1)
number of entries
y bx
x x
n
tc Se
b E, where E
Chapter 11
O E
( y)2
x 2 ( x)2
with d . f . n 2
1
( x)2 with d . f . n 2
n
x2
y2
1
( x) 2
n
with d . f . n 2