Tourism Impacts

Economic Impacts
POSITIVE
Foreign exchange earnings
Contribution to government revenues
Generation of employment
Balance of payment / trade account
balance
Stimulation
of
infrastructure
investment
Contribution to local economies

NEGATIVE
Inflation
Opportunity costs
Dependency
Seasonality
Leakage
Enclave tourism
Seasonal character of jobs
Prostitution and the underground
economy

Socio-cultural Impacts
POSITIVE

NEGATIVE

Preservation and restoration of Loss of cultural character

cultural heritage
Revival of traditional arts and crafts
Loss of authenticity and meaning of
traditional arts and crafts
Cultivation of cultural pride and Commercialization
of
human
sense of identity
relationships
Cross-cultural exchange
Potential misunderstandings and
conflicts between residents and
tourists

Environmental Impacts
POSITIVE
Tourism may stimulate measures to
protect the environment and/or
landscapes or wildlife
Tourism can help to promote the
establishment of national parks
and/or wildlife
Tourism
can
promote
the
preservation
of
buildings/monuments
Tourism may provide the money

NEGATIVE
Construction
development

and

infrastructure

Deforestation and unsustainable use

of land
Marina development

Energy consumption
Freshwater consumption

Tourism Impacts
Economic Impacts
POSITIVE

NEGATIVE

Job Creation
Injection of income into the local
economy through the multiplier
effect
Helping keep local businesses
viable
Regeneration and restructuring of
the economies of towns and cities
where other industrial activities are
in decline
Stimulates inward and industrial
investment

Many jobs are

seasonal
Opportunity cost

low

paid

and/or

Congestion
The need to invest in expensive
infrastructure which may only be
required for part of the year
Over dependence on tourism

Socio-cultural Impacts
POSITIVE
Quality of life of local community
Cultural
exchange
understanding
Human Resource development
Cultural pride

NEGATIVE
Decline or loss of indigenous identity
and values
and Commodification
Loss of Authenticity
Conflict in the use of resources

Environmental Impacts
POSITIVE
Tourism may stimulate measures to
protect the environment and/or
landscapes or wildlife
Tourism can help to promote the
establishment of national parks
and/or wildlife
Tourism
can
promote
the
preservation
of
buildings/monuments
Tourism may provide the money

NEGATIVE
Construction
development

and

infrastructure

Deforestation and unsustainable use

of land
Marina development

Energy consumption
Freshwater consumption