NSM9 5 1-3 CB Ans

NewSM9 5.1-5.
3 CB-Answers Page 528 Tuesday, June 15, 2004 11:23 AM
Answers
Chapter 1:
Basic skills and number
Exercise 1:01
The answers for ID cards can be found on page 598.
Diagnostic Test 1:02A

1 a 7
3 a 6
5 a 56
Integers
b 13
b 30
b 2
c 10
c 63
c 7
Diagnostic Test 1:02B

1 a 1 3--4
3 a
5 a
7 a
9 a
11 a
13 a
15 a
17 a
19 a
2
--3
5
--8
-----1 11
20
1
8 ----10
5
6 --8
3
--8
15 1--5
1 1--5
2 1--2
1
c 14 -----
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
a
a
a
a
a
11 a
3
2
-----13
1 1--5
7
-----10
2a
10
1
-----15
9
12 ----20
9
3 -----10
3
--8
6 3--4
5
1 ----27
7
-----10
c
c
c
c
c
c
5
--2
6a
29
--------200
-----2 17
24
2
1 --3
7
-----12
31 7--8
3
1 ----32
1 3--8
8a
10 a
12 a
14 a
5
3 ----18
12
-----55
2 1--2
9
-----50
3 a 55%
b
b
7
--------100
83 --13
b
b
c
c
7
c 20 -----
40
c 1
1 3--7
c 1 1---
b 50
c 40
20 a 20
3
-----50
c 14
b 3
2 1--2
13
-----50
7
-----30
Decimals
9
-----50
22
-----7
c 375
2
--7
13
-----20
-----5 13
20
21
--------100
-----2 17
50
16 a 4
18 a
b 85
1
--5
1
--8
05, 0505, 055 b 84, 8402, 841 c 101, 1011, 11 2

1163
b 7176
c 4015
4
3142
b 40
c 065
6
204
b 242
c 00475
8
2435
b 0067
c 00007
10
1
--2
c 11
c 52
53
-----10
4 a 21
c 1
21
c 9 --------
a
a
a
a
a
b
b
b
b
b
574
42
21 000
041 6
32
12 a 08
200
Diagnostic Test 1:02D

1 a
b 7
b 7
Fractions
b 4 1---
Diagnostic Test 1:02C

1
3
5
7
9
2 a 9
4 a 5
216
009
8 040 000
059 1
103
b 0375
c
c
c
c
c
0265
0034
125
9 3
130
c 08 3
Percentages
6
c 2 -----
2a
c 125%
.
c 0046
4 a 009
b 016
6 a 51%
8 1--2
25
5 a 0238
b 0125
7 a 210 m
9 a $16
11 a $69
b $1296
b 60 kg
b $5.20
19
--------200
1
-----16
b
b
8 a 5901 m
10 a 25%
11
-----10
c 11
c 180%
b 275 t
b 40%
Exercise 1:04
3
b 13, 1 -----
1 a 250%, 25
2 a 0805, 085, 09, 1
d 150%, 165,
c 280%, 2 --4-
10
1 3--4
,2
12 1--4
%, 875%, 100%,104%
e 140%, 141,
------ or 01625
3 a 685
b 16 1--- %
c 13
4
80
4 a 01 , 02 , 03 , 04 , 05 , 06 , 07 , 08 , 1
c
5
6
7
8
528
d 125%, 125
001 , 002 , 003 , 0001 , 0002 , 0003
2 , 142
4
--7
31,
5
--8
64
2
--------- , --100 3
1
, 3 --4- ,
12
d 6375
b
d
1
--9
4
--9
= 01 ,
,
3 1--9
5--9
a 1, 2, 4
b 01625, 0081 25, 0040 625
a 79
b 19
$9.75 will be paid each year as interest for every $100 invested.
The building can house three tenants.
9 7 years
10 33C
NEW SIGNPOST MATHEMATICS 9 STAGE 5.15.3
9
--9
= 09 . However
4 5--9
11 54 BC
9
--9
=1
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NewSM9 5.1-5.3 CB-Answers Page 529 Tuesday, June 15, 2004 11:23 AM
b 120
12 a 370
13 a
1
--3
c 440
2
--3
1
--9
5
--9
14
15
16
19
a 0888 89 b 0285 71 c 0538 46 d 0952 38 e 0363 64 f 0277 78

a 76%
b 24%
c Answers may vary. She may have been an employee of the store.
$64 500
17 $500
18 128
a How many possible marks she could have scored.
b How many marks each mistake cost him.
c The number who have cancer and the number over 65.
20 In about 23 million years.
21 a 200%
b 125%
c 625%
1
b 1--- , ----2 22
ad + bc
ad bc
ac
23 a Yes, ------------------ is rational. b Yes, ----------------- is rational. c Yes, ------ is rational.
bd
bd
bd
22 a
1
--2
1
--8
Prep Quiz 1:05

1 025
.
3 03
2 04
.
4 083
.
5 04
. .
6 0631
.
7 016
ad
d Yes, ------ is rational.
bc
..
8 07269
3
--4
10
7
--8
e
j
e
j
007
0936
.
.
014285
7
.
056
6467
-----------9990
Exercise 1:05
1 a
f
2 a
f
075
175
.
06 .
016
3 a
47
--------100
4
--9
4 a
5
b
b
08
016
.
05 .
006
1
--8
173
--------999
d
d
17
-----20
7
--9
c
h
c
h
0625
034
.
08 .
046
7
--------200
4
-----11
1234
-----------9999
8167
-----------9900
d
i
d
i
07
0475
..
118 .
00416
853
-----------1665
1
--3
6 a
5
--6
Challenge 1:05
1
4
-----25
19
-----33
b
g
b
g
7
--9
629
--------990
89
--------450
29
-----45
221
--------300
4751
-----------9000
Try this with repeating decimals

67
-----99
104
--------333
1
--6
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637
-----------1980
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Prep Quiz 1:06

1
5
--6
4
--5
6
--7
1
--5
1
--2
1
--4
4
--5
2
--3
2
--3
4
--5
1
-----10
15
-----16
1
--5
5
-----24
10
4
--5
Exercise 1:06
1 a
7
-----15
10
-----21
3
--4
1
-----10
2 a
k
u
3 a
k
4 a
k
3:2
11 : 4
9:4
7:9
5:3
2:1
5:6
b
l
v
b
l
b
l
2:1
4:7
3:2
13 : 15
5:2
2:1
1:2
c
m
w
c
13 : 3
2 : 21
11 : 8
7:8
d
n
x
d
2:5
36 : 1
4:3
2:3
e 4:9
o 1 : 26
f 7 : 10
p 20 : 1
g 4:1
q 1:5
h 9 : 10
r 5:4
i 200 : 1 j
s 11 : 4 t
11 : 8
8 : 13
e 4:5
3 : 17
g 9 : 10
h 1:2
1:8
32 : 25
e 1:8
1 : 10
g 3:5
h 5:3
4:1
3:1
:1
h 1 1--- : 1
2
--3
1 7--- : 1
g 1 : 8 3---
h 1 : 5 1---
1 : 1 1---
5 a 1 5--- : 1
k
1
--3
:1
b 1 3--- : 1
4
c 1:5
d 5:3
c 2 1--- : 1
1
2
- : 1 e 1 --- : 1
d 1 -----
2
--3
d 1 : 3---
3
1 : -----
:1
2
--7
:1
10 : 1
6 a 1 : 1 1---
b 1 : 4 1---
c 1 : 1 7---
7 a i 3:4
ii 1 : 3
iii 1 : 4
10
e 1 : 1 1---
b 1 --1- : 1
20
c i 8:5
ii 5 : 8
d i 4:1
ii 9 : 16
e i 8:7
ii 2 : 3
f i 29 : 19
ii 8 : 11
iii 21 : 11
8 a For every 2 cups of sugar you should use 1 cup of flour and 1 cup of custard powder. A mixture of these three
would be 50% sugar, 25% flour and 25% custard powder.
2
10
1
- cement, ------ sand and ------ lime.
b The mixture would be ----c 1 : 40
d 1 : 20
13
13
13
5 1000 g
6 1000 kg
Prep Quiz 1:07

1 $32
2 $48
3 $80
4 $8
7 60 min
8 10 mm
9 10 000 cm2
10 1500
ANSWERS
529
Exercise 1:07
1 a
f
k
2 a
f
3 a
f
k
4 a
b
g
l
b
g
b
g
l
b
3 km/h
$20/h
25 t/block
15 km
2010 kJ
60 .
166
192
73 68421 cm3
c
h
m
c
h
c
h
m
d
2 kg/$
$45/day
120 km/h
$49
$16
40
7
50
48 421052 cm3
d
i
n
d
i
d
i
n
50c/kg
7 km/L
11 runs/wicket
16
75 kg
5000
42
600
14
1 mL/cm3
4 deg/min
3 children/mother
$101.40
18 000 000 km
5
0108
500
e
j
o
e
j
e
j
o
40 L/h
70 g/cm
75 g/cm3
225
$800
40
15
1050
Exercise 1:08
1 a 2
b 3
c 3
d 2
e 4
f 3
g 2
h 3
j 2
k 1
l 2
m 3
n 4
o 1
p 3
q 4
s 3
t 3
u 1
2 a 1
b 2
c 2
d 3
e 4
f 3
g 3
h 6
3 2 significant figures (ie nearest thousand), or 3 significant figures (ie nearest hundred)
i 1
r 3
Prep Quiz 1:09

1 4
2 1
308
080
2410
233
9 355
10 0065
Exercise 1:09
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
a 7900
b 1100
c 67 300
d 900
e 600
f 400
g 74 900
h 7900
a 9
b 80
c 45
d 3
e 2
f 18
g 237
h 100
a 24313
b 7966
c 9135
d 981
e 030
f 009
g 010
h 199
a 67
b 85
c 21
d 61
e 01
f 00
g 299
h 100
a 8200
b 3500
c 660
d 850
e 15 000
f 76 000
g 50 000
h 77 000
a 8000
b 4000
c 700
d 800
e 10 000
f 80 000
g 50 000
h 80 000
a 695
b 351
c 321
d 00815
e 0667
f 933
g 101
h 910
a 18
b 178
c 1778
d 2
e 18
f 178
a 5 cm
b 55 mm
c 55 cm
d 545 cm
e 5455 cm f 5 cm
g 55 cm
h 545 cm
a $141
b $140.60 c 14059.7 cents
d 14059.71 cents
e 14059.705 cents
f $100
g $140
h $141
a nearest thousand, 500
b nearest billion (ie $1 000 000 000), 500 000 000
a nearest tenth, 005 cm
b nearest thousandth, 00005 mg
Any number greater than or equal to 2145 and less than 2155; 2145. No, because the number can have any number
of decimal places and must be less than 2155.
Any number between 2 500 000 and 3 500 000 or equal to 2 500 000
$26.80, Answers will vary but the 15c over could be given as a tip.
There will be insufficient tiles. Because parts of tiles are required in some places, you must round up, so that the entire
floor can be covered
. using parts of tiles and
. you must also allow. for breakages as the tiles are cut.
a 0000 000 000 3
b 0000 000 000 6
c 0000 000 000 5
a 90 000
b 119 37025
c 122 500
19 29 3357025
20 28592 m3
Prep Quiz 1:10

1 200
2 20
3 1561
4 1561
5 <1
6 <
7 true
8 b
9 true
10 false
Exercise 1:10
For these exercises it is possible to have more than one answer.
1 a 22
b 36
c 78
d 126
e 5
f 002
g 06
h 115
i 50
j 17
2 a 3
b 11
c 1
d 6
e 1
f 1000 g 1
h 3
i 2
j 2
k 5
l 3
m 25
n 21
o 12
p 1
q 136
r 25
s 32
t 90
3 a iii or 31 kg
b i or 27 m
c iii or $276
d ii or $9400
4 a 001 cm or 01 mm
b 3200
c Yes, because in 8 80 both numbers have been rounded down and in 9 90 both have been rounded up.
5 736575 and 753875 (ie 736575 m < 753875)
Reading Maths 1:10
Take your medicine!
1 4 mg three times a day
530
2 three times a day, 6
3 15 years
4 5 mL
5 24 mg
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Exercise 1:11
1 a m = 60
b e = 69
c x = 36
d a = 60
e m = 62
f x = 80
g x = 16
2 a 2 and 8, 3 and 5
b b and h, c and e
c ABE and BEF and BED and CBE
3 a 1 and 5, 2 and 6, 3 and 7, 4 and 8.
b a and e, b and f, c and g, d and h.
c ABG and DEB, ABE and DEH, CBE and FEH, CBG and FEB.
4 a 2 and 5, 3 and 8
b b and e, c and h
c ABE and BED, CBE and BEF.
5 a a = 112 (corresp. s, parallel lines)
b b = 80 (co-int. s, parallel lines)
c c = 81 (alt. s, parallel lines)
d m = 93 (co-int. s, AB//CD)
e e = 76 (alt. s, parallel lines)
f n = 105 (corresp. s, RS//TU)
g 10a = 110 (co-int. s, parallel lines) a = 11
h 2x = 138 (alt. s, parallel lines) x = 69
i 11x = 77 (corresp. s, parallel lines) x = 7
j 2x = 70 (co-int. s, parallel lines) x = 35
k 10p = 70 (alt. s, parallel lines) p = 7
l 4x = 88 (co-int. s, parallel lines) x = 22
m 3m = 42 (corresp. s, parallel lines) m = 14
n 2x = 64 (alt. s, parallel lines) x = 32
o x + 20 = 2x (alt. s, parallel lines) x = 20
p 3x = 2x + 27 (corresp. s, parallel lines) x = 27
6 a Co-interior s are supplementary.
b Alternate s are equal. c Both lines are parallel to RS.
d AB//EF (co-int. s are supplementary and EF//CD (co-int. s are supplementary) AB//CD (both lines // to EF)
Exercise 1:12
1 a
c
e
g
h
i
j
2 a
c
e
g
i
k
3
a = 127 (angle sum of a )

b m = 116 (exterior of a )
m + 52 = 118 (ext. of a ), m = 66
d a = 75 (base angles of isosceles )
a = b = 60 (angles of equilateral )
f 120 = 2a + 4a (ext. s of ), a = 20
104 = 3a + a (ext. of ), a = 26
XYZ = a (base s of isos. ) a + a + 50 = 180 (angle sum of a ) a = 65
ACB = 65 (base s of isos. ) x + 65 + 65 = 180 (angle sum of a ) x = 50
3b = 66 (base s of isos. are equal), b = 22
k 2a = 60 (equilateral ), a = 30
a = 90 (angle sum of a quad.)
b c = 99 (angle sum of a quad.)
d = 52 (angle sum of a quad.)
d 3a + 75 + 93 + 111 = 360 (angle sum of a quad.), a = 27
n = 82 (angle sum of a quad.)
f b + 295 = 360 (exterior angles of a quad.), b = 65
c + 268 = 360 (exterior angles of a quad.), c = 92
h h = 60 (angle sum of a quad.)
a + 148 = 180 (angle sum of ), a = 32
j b + 90 = 151 (exterior angle of ), b = 61
c + 247 = 360 (angle sum of a quad.), c = 113
l (180 d) + 250 = 360 (angle sum of a quad.), d = 70
a This is a square with diameter 6 cm.
b This is an equilateral triangle.
c Draw a right-angled isosceles triangle. From the right angle,
draw an interval that bisects the hypotenuse and is in turn
(a)
bisected by the hypotenuse. Join the end of this interval to one
(b)
of the other vertices of the triangle. (Other instructions are
possible.)
3 cm
d
25
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25
25
10 cm 10 cm
10 cm
25
10 cm
e 45, 45 and 90 or 72, 72 and 36

4
Properties
Parallelogram
Rhombus
Rectangle
Square
Opposite sides parallel
yes
yes
yes
yes
Opposite sides equal
yes
yes
yes
yes
Opposite angles equal
yes
yes
yes
yes
Diagonals bisect one another
yes
yes
yes
yes
All sides equal
no
yes
no
yes
All angles right angles
no
no
yes
yes
Diagonals perpendicular
no
yes
no
yes
Diagonals bisect angles through

which they pass
no
yes
no
yes
Diagonals are equal
no
no
yes
yes
ANSWERS
531
5 a a = 130, w = 15
b b = 130, c = 130
c x = 6, y = 7
6 a No, but if they cross at midpoints, it is a rectangle. b You would need to construct a square of side length 4 cm.
c
d Answers will vary.
Diagnostic
Test 1 . Basic skills
and number
.
.
.
1
3
4
5
6
7
9
11
13
a 06
b 016
c 07
a 6
b 5
c 5
a 57 000 000
b 06662
a 0006
b 510 000 000
answers may vary slightly
a 25
b 44
c
a 48
b 93
c
a 54
b 120
c
a 93
b 86
c
d
d
c
c
a
40
91
17
42
026
2 a 5--9
cant tell, may be 2, 3 or 4
80
d 467 m
0061
d 93 800 000
36
b 5
c 20
8 a 67
10 a 40
12 a 60
37
-----99
5
--6
g 9 --1-
26
-----45
d 200
b 212
b 49
b 50
683
--------990
c 120
c 113
c 110
1A Revision Assignment
1 a
4
--5
2 a 447
1
--6
b 434
1
-----10
c 405
19
e 5 -----
d 009
20
f
3 a
11
1 ----15
7
-----20
7
--8
h 6
c
23
-----99
172
--------495
4
5
6
7
8
9
a $26.25 b 20%
a 3
b 3
c 3
d 2
a 64
b 692
c 47 644 000
d 648
e 64
f 0005 82
g 47 600 000
h 070
a 3650 b 3749
answers may vary slightly
a 16
b 5
c 2
d 200
a x = 150 (s at a point)
b x = 40 (vert. opp. s); y = 70 ( sum of )
c y = 115 (adj. supp. s); x = 65 (alt s, || lines)
d r = 29 (alt s, || lines); f = 61 ( sum of )
10 a x = 30 (co-int. s, || lines)
b x = 70 (corresp. s, || lines)
c x = 30 (base s of isosceles )
y = 150 (ext. of )
y = 130 (ext. of )
y = 95 (co-int. s, || lines)
1B Working Mathematically
1 a hectares
b cubic metres
c metres per second
d kilometres per hour
e milligrams
f kilograms
g tonnes
h millilitres
i kilolitres
j degrees Celsius
2 a is approximately equal to b is less than or equal to
c 4 cubed
d the square root of 2
e is parallel to
f is congruent to
g is similar to
h therefore
i for example
j the mean
3 11
4 39
5 a i 40%
ii 97%
iii 66%
iv 15%
b Water
c Removal of trees allowing erosion
d You require the percentages of total area taken up by each State (or Territory). For each, you would then multiply
the percentage of Australias area by the percentage of land requiring no treatment for that State. Total these answers
and you have the percentage of land in Australia requiring no treatment.
6 a 37%
b 9%
c No, because there are many more car drivers than motor cyclists. It is probable that
the rate of fatalities is much higher for motor cyclists.
Chapter 2:
Working mathematically
Exercise 2:01A
1 a i $93.80
ii 64
iii 85 cents (the cost is rounded to the nearest 5 cents)
iv $4.81/kg (to the nearest cent)
b i $4.20
ii $22.80
iii $3.45
c i 54 s/lap
ii 18 min
d i $293
ii $853.24
e i 41 min
ii $15/m3
2 a 28 L/100 km
b about 298 km
3 $777.50
4 7 heartbeats/breath
5 13 m
6 a $96 720.00
b 66c/km
c 278 m2 (correct to 1 dec. pl.)
d $NZ 324.07
7 a 580 mg
b 68 km/h
c 452 km/h (correct to 1 dec. pl.)
d 0.3 g/L
8 37 500 km
532
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Exercise 2:01B
1 a 63 kg
3 a 560 m
5 a 9:8
b 35 hours
b 9 cm
b 7:3
c 72
d 15
c 5, 15, 20
2 a 36
4 a 2:3
b 5000
b 1:1
c $4976
c 72 cm
d 36
d 8
Exercise 2:01C
1 a
e
2 a
3 a
A, $3000 : B, $7000
M, 15 : S, 25
R, $60; A, $100; N, $40
640 L
b 1:5
b
f
b
c
G, 42 : D, 63
c 15 L
d M, $330 : J, $440
$35, $21, 7 hours
g Army, $124 200 000 : Navy, $55 200 000
36 cm, 45 cm, 27 cm
c $1350
d 600 L
e N, 511 g : P, 89 g : K, 400 g
40 g of lead, 140 g of zinc
d 2L
Challenge 2:01 Mixing drinks

No, orange is only
orange is between
1 a 333 mL
3 a 533 mL
1
--3
1
--3
part of A and only

and
1
--5
1
--5
part of B. Adding the two mixtures would give a mixture where the fraction of
. Container C has
b 200 mL
b 629 mL
3
--7
orange.
c 429 mL
4 a 1467 mL b 1371 mL
2 a 667 mL b 800 mL
5 a 27%
b 31%
c 571 mL
6 a 27 : 73
b 31 : 69
Exercise 2:01D
1
2
3
4
a
a
a
a
d
960
b $232.38
c 805
d $13 904
e $49 115
85% (to nearest whole %)
b 214% (correct to 1 dec. pl.) c 12%
d 1 --1- %
4
$1299
b 16 880
c $1 450 000
d $78 000
86% (to the nearest whole %)
b $439.88 (to nearest cent)
c profit = $8960; % profit = 28%
B Pascal, 856; P Fermat, 8535
Exercise 2:01E
1
2
3
4
a
a
a
a
c
5 a
i 1152 m3
ii 13248 m3 b 65 cm (correct to 1 dec. pl.) c volume = 140 cm3; mass = 1092 g
2
2275 m
b $34.20
c 3022 cm2 (correct to nearest cm2)
d 784 m2
384 m
b i 4005 km
ii 5
c 796 revolutions
d area = 5008 m2; cost = $225360
3
2
i 0648 m
ii 396 m
iii 72 m
b i $686.40
ii $420.80
iii $50.50
1.33 m (to the nearest cm)
3000 m2 b circle by 171 cm2
c 2598 cm2 (correct to dec. pl.)
Exercise 2:02
1 a 32
b $592.90 c 54
d 3
e one of the numbers must be --1- . If so, the other can be
2
any number. f 1296
g 12 kg
h 12
2 a 1
b 4
c 9
d 16
e 25
f 36
g 49
h 64
Total = 12 + 22 + 32 + 42 + 52 + 62 + 72 + 82
3 a 56, 23
b 67, 78
c 634, 566
4 a 15
b 11
5 16 0s; 15 each of 1, 2, 3 and 4; 57 5s; 5 each of 6, 7, 8 and 9
6 2 $100, 7 $50, 6 $20, 5 $10; 6 $100, 10 $10, 4 $5
7 12
8 There are many solutions. One solution is: 40 waratahs, 210 grevilleas and 50 banksias. This gives 300 plants at a cost
of $1200.
9 a i 40 + 41
ii 26 + 27 + 28
b 11 + 12 + 13 + 14 + 15 + 16 (6 integers); 5 + 6 + + 13 (9 integers)
10 a i 3
ii 0
iii 3
b 13
Investigation 2:02
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Line marking
142304 m
Challenge 2:03
1
3
5
6
a
a
a
a
b
b
b
b
3
5
10
6
c
c
c
c
18
8
0
5
3
10
5
3
d 8
d 7
2 a 33
4 a 2
e yes
e 20
b 42
b 8
c 35
c 5
d 2
e 14
g 28
h 32
23
1
2
3
5
6
9
a i 025 km/min
ii 4 min/km
b 6 min
c 24 s
a 287 runs/50 overs = 574 runs/over
b 614 runs/over (rounded up to 2 dec. pl.)
3 min 45 s
4 16 drops/min
a $2612.50
b 6.35% correct to 2 dec. pl.
c i $2800
ii $2632
196%
7 a 656 g
b lead 096 kg, tin 144 kg
8 125 mL
a 9 3
(other solutions do exist)
b 85
9 4
2
1
ANSWERS
533
b 096 m3
10 a 12
c
20 cm
Turning the sleepers on edge gives a volume of 0528 m 3.
12 m
24 m
1
2
3
5
a 15 to 24
b 15, 16, 17
c 18, 19, 20
d 21, 22, 23, 24
e 17
a 21, 22, 23
b 5, 8, 16, 19, 23
c 12, 13, 14
d 9
4 hectares
4 a 14
b 23
c 46
d 42
The engine leaves the siding and reverses to couple with B. Then both return to siding and B is unhooked. The engine
leaves the siding and goes anticlockwise around the track and picks up A and pushes it into the siding and picks up B
again. The engine then pulls out of the siding and reverses to uncouple B in its original position. A is then returned to
the siding and uncoupled. The engine then travels clockwise around the track and pushes B to As original position and
is then uncoupled. The engine then picks up A from the siding and shunts it into Bs original position. The engine then
returns to the siding.
6 5 lengths are needed (32 + 15), (18 + 23 + 08), (37 + 12), (25 + 22), (19 + 15 + 13)
Chapter 3
Algebraic expressions
Prep Quiz 3:01

1 7 + 5 = 12
6 8 + 12 = 20
2 92=7
7 (41 + 47) 2 = 44
3 25 8 = 17
8 13 + 21 = 34
4 48 6 = 8
9 138 23 = 6
5 7 3 = 21
10 4 5 8 = 12
Exercise 3:01
1 a C
b F
c A
d D
2 a 2n
b n+3
c 8n
d 2n + 3
3 a 5+7
b 5+y
c x+y
5 a 83
b 8p
c qp
7 a 5 75 cents
30
30
8 a ------ cm
b ------ cm
5
t
10 a (60 3) km = 180 km
e B
n
1
--- or --- n
2
2
4 a 37
8 + 12
6 a --------------- =
2
e
2n 5
b 7a
10
b 75a cents c ab cents

A
c --- cm
9 a 21 years old
t
b 60h km
11 a (10 3 2) m = 4 m
12 a (85x + 63y)c
13 Y 22, (Y 22) + x
14 a
15 (100 x)c
16
18
20
21
a
a
a
a
b (Cx + Dy)c
x+y
(x + y) km
b ------------ km/h
5
8
b y+2
c y1
76
b 180 (a + b)
$(R P) b $(P + G)
(a + b + 4) cm
b (2x + 2y) cm
2
22 a x cm
23 a 4(a + 2)
f
24 a
25 a
d
f
h
j
26 a
c
e
f
b x(x + 2) cm
b 8 (x + y)
17 2n + 1
19 a hm km
c 4s cm
xy
c ------ cm2
2
c 2(p + q)
k
b --- km/h
h
c ab
8+x
b -----------2
w+x
------------2
b 15 + y
b (X 2x) m
d (4x + 10) cm
bh
d ------ cm2
2
d (2a)2
k
---- hours
m
e 3a (b + c)
(x + 2)2
g x(y 5)
h
( 2m + 3n )
(3p + 4q)c
b [500 (3p + 4q)]c
product of x and y
b five subtract a
c two times p plus q
three times m minus two times n
e five times the sum of x and y
the square of a plus b
g divide the sum of x and y, by two
subtract n from m and divide the result by a
i the square root of the sum of u and v
the cube root of the product of a and b
the product of a, b and c; the sum of a, b and c
b subtract b from a; subtract a from b
three times the sum of a and b; three times a plus b
d x squared plus y squared; square the sum of x plus y
square root of a plus the square root of b; square root of the sum of a and b
a divided by b plus two divided by three; the sum of a and two, divided by the sum of b and 3
Prep Quiz 3:02

1 ab
534
2 xy2
3 2x + 3y
4 14
5 22
6 100
7 12
8 2
9 2
1
10 1 -----
15
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Exercise 3:02
1 a 7
k 25
u
7
-----12
2 a 1
k
5
--6
c 2
d 36
e 49
25
g 56
h 14
35
m 84
n 8
o 20
p 144
q 9
r 48
s 4
1
2 -----
v 7
w 384
x 6
b 7
c 12
d 48
e 144
g 6
h 22
1
-----12
8 3--4
56
m 80
ii 17
iii 18
3 a i 31
12
b 17
l
2 1--4
7 1--4
b i 24
ii 35
12 1--2
iii 2193
c i 1984
ii 19625
6 2b
7 8a + 5b
8 5x + y
31p
2p
1 3x
2 p2 + p
d 32pq
l 9a2b
t mnp
d 1
d
j
p
v
e
m
8x
e
7x
k
2
q
3a + a2 + 7
w
6ab
f 5x2
42a3
n 10x2
3m
-------2n
Prep Quiz 3:03

1 9x
2 x
4 5x2
3 6xy
5 3x
12
iii 31 420
a
10 -----3b
9 24a2
Exercise 3:03
1 a
g
m
s
2 a
i
q
3 a
i
5x
10q
a + 4p
2q2 + 4q
24y
6p2q
ab2c
3x
b 13a
h 21e
n 2m
t 2y2
b 16a
j 5m2np
r 24k3
b 3
1
--3
9
--4
b 4m + 13
4 a mn2p
c
i
o
u
c
k
s
c
6xy
2mn2
70xy
3x2
k 5
c 19 2a
y
-z
q y
r 2n
s 6abc
5 a 20a
b x
c 12b
d 0
2a
l -----c
3a
t -----2x
d 3m
7ab
35
q 26n
k 0
k 6a
16
r 3x
s x
6y
20m
8a
-----3b
3
n --y
m 14
e 6x2y2
m
m 14x
60a2
n 25x
9
--5
v 1
f
l
r
x
6b
0
4p2 + 5p
8ab 16
h a2bc
p 7a2b2
1
g -----4a
h 8a
o 4n
a
p -----2b
15x2 + 5x g 60yz
n 18p2q2
1
--3
e 4
u
3a
4x
3x2 + x
x 7 3x2
g 15a2
o 6x2y
h 28x2
o 5a + b c p 15yz
g 3m2
o 10y
w 1
15
-----7
p 16m
a
-----2c
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Prep Quiz 3:04A

1
4
--5
2
--5
7
-----12
7
--8
3
-----20
1
--4
7 11x
8 4ab
9 x
10 8a
Exercise 3:04A
x
b --5
8
j ---m
7a
b -----10
4a 9b
j -----------------6
5x
r --------3m
1 a 2a
1
--y
8x
2 a -----15
3x + 4y
i ------------------12
13a
q --------6x
i
c
k
c
k
s
5a
-----3
7a
-----x
y
-----12
6m + 5n
--------------------10
13m
----------4n
3m
d -------5
x
l -----y
m
d ---4
k 3l
l -------------6
8x + 3y
t ------------------12a
x+y
-----------4
4
m --n
7a
e -----6
10
m -----3x
e
5a 2b
-----------------3
1
n --x
13x
f --------6
5
n -----6a
f
5
g --a
2a
o -----b
n
g --8
31
o ----------10m
8
h --x
m
p ---x
p
h --2
1
p -----8x
Prep Quiz 3:04B

1
3
--8
3
-----10
1
--6
2
--3
5 2
8
-----15
8 6a2
7 30x
9 3a
10 2a
Exercise 3:04B
xy
1 a -----6
px
i -----qy
ab
b -----12
j
1
--2
2 a 2
5
--3
m2
-----10
2m
-------n
a2
d -----40
l
2
-----15
15
-----2
2
--3
12
------am
2a
m -----3
5
--2
2
-----xy
n 1
f
9
--2
4
g ----2p
o 9
g
1
--2
1
h --------23n
16a
p --------15p
h 6
ANSWERS
535
i
3 a
i
ay
-----bx
3
--4
k 15
4
--5
2
--3
4
----q2
6
-----ab
Fun Spot 3:04
3
--x
2by
--------c
m 2x
3
n --a
o x2
b2
d ----2
e 2y
g 6m2
h 4
o 6
3
--2
3c
3
--2
n 1
27
-----4
2
--5
Try this maths-word puzzle
The mystery word is GRAM.
Prep Quiz 3:05

3 6x + 8
9 2a2 + 6a
2 3a2
8 18 45y
1 10x
7 3x 21
4 x+2
10 5x 35
5 5y2 + 4y
6 13 + 2a
Exercise 3:05
1 a
e
2 a
g
m
s
3 a
g
m
4 a
g
m
s
5 a
g
m
5a + 35, 5(a + 7)
6x + 6y, 6(x + y)
2x + 6
b
21x 35y
h
6a2 3a
n
2m2 + 2mn
t
2x 6
b
21 14m
h
x2 10x
n
7a + 8
b
7a + 20
h
a+8
n
4m + 9
t
5x + 8
b
2x + 23
h
m2 m 12
n
b 21 + 3x, 3(7 + x)
f bc + ac, c(b + a)
3a + 15
c 5x 5
42m 48n
i x2 + 7x
2
18x + 63x
o 16p 40p2
10a2 + 15ab
3a 15
c 2y + 2
28 + 4x
i a 1
5y + y2
o 6x2 21x
10x + 7
c 8y 3
7x + 2
i 10n 7
5m 16
o 2y + 14
14x + 7
8y + 22
c 7a 3
3m
i 2a + 66
t2 9t + 20
o 3a2 + 3ab
c 7m + 7n, 7(m + n)
d 7m 21
j a2 a
p 21q + 14q2
d
j
p
d
j
p
5p + 15
3x 7
80mn + 10n2
10a 9
11h + 13
x + 28
d 13m 14
j 2n 46
p x2 + 2xy + y2
d pq + 8p, p(q + 8)
e 6a + 4b
k m2 + 10m
q ax + bx
f 5x + 5y
l n2 3n
r 2y2 + xy
e 21a 14
k 8 + 2p
f
l
e p + 10
k 8x + 7
q 9x + 21
f 15 m
l 10y + 2
r 2a + 6
e 17x 12
k x2 + 6x + 3
f
l
10x + 5
3a 2b
10x + 40
a2 + 10a 21
Prep Quiz 3:06

1 12x
7 5y + y2
2 a
8 x2 + 4x + 3
3 x 2x + 3
9 25 a2
2
4 2x + 10
5 x 2x
10 6x2 19x 10
6 3a 3
Exercise 3:06
1 a
e
i
2 a
e
i
m
q
u
3 a
e
i
m
q
u
4 a
e
i
m
ab + 3a + 2b + 6
pq + 4p + 5q + 20
6ab 21a + 2b 7
a2 + 5a + 6
m2 2m 3
x2 6x + 8
y2 4y 77
a2 9
q2 + 10q + 25
2a2 + 7a + 3
4x2 + 8x + 3
10x2 12x + 2
18x2 + 6x 4
49p2 14p + 1
5p2 33p 14
12 + 7x + x2
y2 + 9y + 20
19n 6n2 + 7
4p2 q2
b
f
j
b
f
j
n
r
v
b
f
j
n
r
v
b
f
j
n
xy + 4x + y + 4
2xy + 6x + y + 3
14px + 7x + 10p + 5
x2 + 6x + 5
y2 + 5y 14
n2 8n + 7
a2 a 2
x2 4x 21
x2 10x + 9
2x2 + 5x + 2
6n2 + 7n + 2
24p2 13p 2
4n2 9
15x2 14x + 3
10q2 101q + 10
10 7a + a2
12x x2 35
x2 + 3xy + 2y2
6x2 13xy 5y2
c
g
k
c
g
k
o
s
w
c
g
k
o
s
w
c
g
k
o
mn + 5m + 7n + 35
3ap + 2a + 18p + 12
5px 20p + 3x 12
n2 + 7n + 12
x2 5x 6
a2 9a + 18
x2 16x + 64
y2 + 17y + 60
t2 + 13t + 30
3m2 + 17m + 10
8x2 + 18x + 9
10m2 29m + 10
64y2 1
25x2 + 40x + 16
12a2 + 25a + 12
7 6m m2
k2 + 19k + 90
2n2 + 5mn + 2m2
6a2 + 13ab + 6b2
d
h
l
d
h
l
p
t
x
d
h
l
p
t
x
d
h
l
p
ax + 2a + 3x + 6
8xy + 12x + 2y + 3
2ax + 4bx + ay + 2by
p2 + 7p + 10
t2 2t 8
x2 19x + 90
m2 11m + 18
a2 64
k2 + 3k 88
4y2 + 13y + 3
10t2 + 19t + 6
21q2 + q 2
15k2 19k + 6
27y2 + 6y 8
49p2 25
9 n2
2a2 + 7a + 3
2a2 + ab 3b2
81w2 90wx + 25x2
Prep Quiz 3:07A

1 16
536
2 49
3 4
4 100
5 9x2
6 14
7 9
8 4
9 10
10 6
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Investigation 3:07
2
5
6
10
3
1
4
25
36
100
The square of a binomial

y2
xy
(x + y)2
x2 + 2xy + y2
(x y)2
x2 2xy + y2
9
1
16
15
6
40
64
49
196
64
49
196
4
25
36
4
25
36
Exercise 3:07A
1 a
k
2 a
e
i
m
q
3 a
e
i
m
4
b 36
3
l 9
x2 + 6x + 9
m2 2m + 1
m2 + 22m + 121
x2 + 2xy + y2
k2 2km + m2
4x2 + 12x + 9
9a2 + 42a + 49
25m2 40m + 16
4x2 + 4xy + y2
c 9
m 7
b
f
j
n
r
b
f
j
n
d 100
e 2x
n 11
o 4x2
x2 + 10x + 25
n2 10n + 25
a2 + 24a + 144
a2 + 2am + m2
p2 2pq + q2
4x2 + 4x + 1
49t2 + 28t + 4
16t2 56t + 49
a2 + 6ab + 9b2
f
p
c
g
k
o
14y
g 4n
25n2
q 42m
x2 + 2x + 1
x2 + 4x + 4
x2 + 20x + 100
x2 + 2xt + t2
c
g
k
o
h 10p
r 40x
9x2 + 30x + 25
4x2 4x + 1
36q2 12q + 1
9t2 12xt + 4x2
i q2
j x2
s 4a
t 126y
d x2 12x 36
h n2 16n + 64
l p2 18p + 81
p a2 2ab + b2
d 16a2 + 8a + 1
h 9a2 12a + 4
l 81n2 + 72n + 16
Prep Quiz 3:07B

1 40
2 40
3 12
4 12
5 24
6 24
7 27
m2 4
100 x2
m 2 n2
25m2 9
4x2 y2
x2 25y2
d
j
p
d
j
p
n2 49
25 a2
p 2 q2
81q2 4
16a2 9b2
144x2 25y2
c
g
k
o
s
w
c
g
k
o
s
w
2x x 1
6x2 23x + 7
x2 + 7x 30
x2 + 2xy + y2
2a 2x
21 4x
x2 2x + 20
12m + 37
2x2 + 8x + 8
4x2 x 14
p2 q2
3x2 + 11x + 8
8 27
9 19
10 19
Exercise 3:07B
1 a
g
m
2 a
g
m
x2 16
x2 9
x 2 t2
4a2 1
64n2 25
4m2 25n2
b
h
n
b
h
n
a2 1
y2 81
a2 b2
9x2 4
100x2 9
4p2 9q2
c
i
o
c
i
o
e p2 25
k 64 x2
f
l
q2 36
121 m2
e 16t2 9
k 25p2 4q2
f
l
49x2 1
9m2 n2
TR
TR
Exercise 3:08
1 a
e
i
m
q
u
2 a
e
i
m
q
u
y
3 a
e
i
8x 21
9x2 6x + 1
x2 + 6x + 7
x2 15x
3x
4m2 20mn + 25n2
x2 + 7x + 11
2x2 + 9x + 11
2x2 + 6x + 5
5x + 7
9x2 10x 2
2a2 + 5ab + 3b2
12xy + 18y2
3x2 + 12x + 14
19a2 + 13ab 7b2
6x2 + 4xy + 6y2
Challenge 3:08
Investigation 3:08
2 a
56
x +x2
x2 25
8x
3x2 + 9x + 6
a2 4b2
1 25y2
a2 9a + 6
1
2a + 5
y 17
10x
2m2 + 2n2
ab
3x2 + 15x + 20
12x2 + 3x + 12
4y2
d
h
l
p
t
x
d
h
l
p
t
x
c 3a2 + 1
g 4m + 24
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4x x + 10
25x2 1
81 y2
2x2 + 5xy + 2y2
15a2 + 26a 21
81x2 64y2
x2 + 2x + 9
14y 98
2a2 4
3x2 + 24x + 49
2xy + 2y2
5x2 + 6x + 1
2
d 5x + 7
h 4x2 3y2 + 1
Patterns in products
1 10x2 + 110x + 385
Exercise A
1 a 10 201
Exercise B
1 a 396
b
f
j
n
r
v
b
f
j
n
r
v
z
b
f
j
2 9x2 + 99x + 330
3 11a2 + 110
4 55m2 55n2
Using special products in arithmetic
b 42 025
c 1 008 016 d 5184
b 840
c 1425
d 12 920
540
445
e 9604
39 601
g 990 025
h 4489
960
ANSWERS
537
Diagnostic Test 3:
1 a y = 4x
2 a x+y
3 a 13
Algebraic expressions
b y = 2x + 2
c y = x2
5+m
b ------------- or (5 + m) 2
2
b 45
c 310
5 a 56m
b 30ab
7 a x
x
b -----6
9 a 6m
b 2
11
13
14
15
a
a
a
a
3x 6
b 2m
x2 + 7x + 12
b
x2 + 4x + 4
b
x2 9
b
c 10y
d 8ny
9m
d -------8
5a
c 12
d -----2
+ 16 c 15x 20 d 7 + 2m
2a2 7a + 3
c 6 y y2
a2 14a + 49 c 4y2 + 20y + 25
y2 49
c 4a2 25
c
i
2 a
g
l
2ab
j
x2 + x 2
x2 x + 2
4x2 + 8x + 4
5x
3 a -----b
6
4 4y
6
1
--2
c 4a
b 18x2
d 2x2
12ab
k 6a2 a
l x 3y
b 8x 3
c 3
h 6 5x + x2
i y2 x2
3a
-----10
5ab
--------d
4
5 a y = 12 3x
c
(2x 2)(x + 1) = x2 1
4 a 2a + 3b
b 2p2 + 2p
6 a 3a
b 5y
n
8 a --4
10
b -----ab
b 30a 12
c p2 + 3p
7a
-----15
1 a 7a
d 200 x
c $pb
2
--3
10 a 9x + 63
12
d
d
d
1
--2
16x
--------f
15
2
b s=t +1
13m
----------30
8n
g -----7
b 10x2 + 12x
6
--5
d 15a 6a2
c a2 + 6ab
3y
-----g 2x + 3y
2
m 19 + 5x
n 12x
o 4x2 x
2
2
d 2x 13x 7 e x 25
f
j 4x2 4xy + y2 k 20x + 15
e 6
7 a 3x2 + 14x 24
a x
b 10n 7
2x2 5xy 3y2
m2 2mn + n2
x2 y2
d 4a x 2
1
d -----3y
c 2ab
3c
c -----2b
h 6ab2
p 10x
9x2 + 12x + 4
5x + 11
h -----------------6
c x2 + 4x + 4
1 a square
b rectangle
c parallelogram
d rhombus
e trapezium
f pentagon
g hexagon
h octagon
i kite
j isosceles triangle
2 a An octagonal prism
b 200 mL
3 17
4 a 4
b 10
5 a 40%
b 5%
6 a Tasmania; 60%
b Victoria; over 90%
c Queensland, just under 3000 per 10 000
d About 50%; less than 40%. Perhaps some could read but not write, or perhaps some children were not tested.
Chapter 4: Probability
Prep Quiz 4:01
1 A
2 C
3 B
4 A
5 A
6 B
7 In most classes, C
8 B
9 A
10 Answers will vary.
Exercise 4:01
1 a (1 and 2), (1 and 3), (1 and 4), (1 and 5), (1 and 6), (2 and 3), (2 and 4), (2 and 5), (2 and 6), (3 and 4),
(3 and 5), (3 and 6), (4 and 5), (4 and 6), (5 and 6)
b impossible
c not likely
d certain
e even chance
f likely, as 9 of the 15 outcomes have a sum that is odd.
2 a 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8
b 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12
c (blue, blue), (blue, green), (blue, red), (green, red), (green, green)
d (5 and 5), (5 and 6), (5 and 9), (5 and 10), (6 and 9), (6 and 10), (9 and 10)
3 a very unlikely
b very likely
c unlikely
d even chance
e impossible
f certain
4 a very unlikely
b very likely
c unlikely (occurs about 28% of the time)
d even chance
e impossible
f certain
5 a likely
b unlikely
c very unlikely
d certain; c(red), b(green), a(blue), d(coloured)
6 a very unlikely
b unlikely (occurs 3 out of 7)
c certain
d impossible; d(both are larger than 9), a(are both fives), b(have a sum equal to 15), c(have a sum greater than 9)
7 a Answers will vary, however, any 5 from the following might apply: who wins toss; recent form of the players; the
country where it is played; the condition of the wicket; the weather; the ability of the captains.
b Answers will vary.
c yes
d No, because it may be a draw.
538
TR
TR
home
home
home
8 a unreasonable
b reasonable
c reasonable
d unreasonable
e unreasonable
f reasonable
g unreasonable
9 a If the horse was truly a certainty, then it could not have been beaten.
b Difference between numbers is 100 000! (Mine was not the next ticket sold.) Closeness to winning a lottery does
not equate with proximity of numbers, but rather to physical position of balls or tickets in the barrel, etc.
c If it was a truly impossible position, then winning would not have been possible.
Note: All of these expressions are not meant to be interpreted literally. They involve emotive exaggerations
(ie poetic licence) in order to stress a point of view.
10 This statement is false because some letters (such as the X) are rarely used to begin names.
Prep Quiz 4:02

1 10
2 3
3
-----10
1
--5
1
--2
6 6
3
--5
1
--3
4
--5
12
-----25
10
Exercise 4:02
1 a
3
1
-----20
6 a
7
-----10
-----, 19
20
1
i ----10
1
-----10
4 a
ii
c
5
-----21
13
-----30
iii
1
-----20
1
-----14
1
--3
8 a
3
-----20
2 a Brown
5 a
24%, 7%, 50%
b no
c even chance of rolling each number

9 a 4380
3
-----10
1
--- ;
2
12
-----25
7 a i
16
-----20
4
--5
ii
b
or 80%
9
-----50
1
-----10
1
-----20
b Yellow
b
iii
1
--5
21
-----50
c
17
-----20
1
--4
1
--5
b no
c
or 5%
3
-----20
or 15%
b 700
10 If 100 tagged fish is 3% of the total, then number of fish is approximately 3333.
35
7
8
2
22
11
11 a Kate: ------ = ------ ; Paul: ------ = --- ; Jason: ------ = -----5
40
20
80
16
20
b probably, but not necessarily
c probably, but not necessarily
e perhaps add them together to give a larger number of trials
d they should
Prep Quiz 4:03

1
7
--8
2
--3
3
--7
3
-----16
1
-----10
1
--4
1
--3
2
--3
5
-----26
10
3
-----10
4
--5
TR
TR
Exercise 4:03
1 a
1
--6
1
--2
1
--3
3 a getting an even number

e seeing green or orange
4 a
5 a
1
-----52
1
-----26
b
b
1
-----13
5
-----26
7 4, no
9 a 2
11 a
12
13
14
15
18
-----37
c
c
8
b 6
b
18
-----37
2 a
1
--2
7
-----10
e 0
b getting a head
c getting a 6
d drawing a club, diamond or heart
f losing or playing a draw
g choosing a consonant
1
--2
1
-----13
5
-----12
d
d
b
1
--4
4
-----13
1
--6
e
6 a
c
1
-----26
1
--2
1
-----12
c 8
c
1
--5
1
-----37
f
b
d
10 a
19
-----37
6
-----37
2
-----13
1
--3
1
-----12
9
-----20
11
-----37
g
c
e
b
3
-----13
1
--6
5
-----12
1
--4
d 1
7
-----10
e 0
home
home
home
5
--6
1
-----10
g once every 37 spins
h lose, because of the banks zero slot

a add 5 blue balls
b subtract 5 red or 5 blue marbles
Take a red marble from cup A and put it in cup B. He should then say he is going to select a white marble from cup A.
There is more than one solution: RB, RBBB or RBB, RBBBBB or RRB, RBB or RRBBB, RBBBB or RRRRB, RRBBB.
a 11
b 47
c 155
Exercise 4:04
1 a
f
2 a
i
p
3 a
j
4 a
53
--------- or 53%
100
43
--------- or 43%
100
1
--b 1--2
2
6
3
------ or -----52
26
8
2
------ or -----52
13
1
--b --22
5
2
3
--k ----5
10
3
3
i --ii --8
8
b
g
c
j
q
c
l
b
47
--------- or 47%
100
4
--- or 80%
5
1
----------d 12
13
13
15
1
-----k ----52
13
23
-----52
3
-----d --210
5
3
-----m 3--20
5
no
c 3--4
c
h
e
l
e
n
21
------ or 42%
50
73
--------- or 73%
100
3
2
-----f ----13
52
3
22
--m -----4
52
7
-----10
2
--5
d true
f
o
or
or
4
--5
17
-----20
e i
29
-----50
1
-----26
11
-----26
g
n
g 1
p
3
--8
ii
3
-----20
1
--2
or 58%
1
--4
37
-----52
9
-----50
or 18%
h 0
o
16
-----52
3
-----10
or
7
-----20
yes
g false
4
-----13
h true
ANSWERS
539
Diagnostic Test 4
Probability
1 a 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
2 a
3
-----44
b head, tail
41
-----44
c 3, 5, 7
c 0, It is obviously possible for me to play worse than ever before and so score more than 109,
so the real probability is greater than zero.

3 a
4 a
1
--2
2
-----13
b
b
5
--6
3
-----26
c 0
c
5
-----52
1
--3
1
--2
2
--3
16
-----52
or
4
-----13
28
-----52
or
7
-----13
24
-----52
1
-----10
4
-----13
or
6
-----13
1 a
3 a
1
--6
2
--5
5 a i
b 0
b
3
-----10
ii
1
-----10
1
--4
1
--2
e 1
d 0
2 a
4 a
4
-----13
7
-----20
5
-----13
c
d
13
-----20
9
-----13
b No; the scores recorded so far are a limited sample. He theoretically could score any result from zero to 300.
6 No; the result of the game depends on the relative strengths of each team. Depending on the type of football,
a draw might be much less likely than either team winning.
7 cup C
8 1--3
1 a midpoint
b number line
c diagonals
d vertices
e hypotenuse
f 180
g 360
h [b] =
i = 60
j circumference
2 a (1) 3x 2
(2) 5x 4
(3) 7x + 7
(4) 4x 6
(5) 4x + 10 (6) 4x 6
(7) 2x + 7
(8) 6x 6
(9) 3x + 9
(10) 6x 3 (11) 3x + 13 (12) 3x 7
b (1) x + 4
(2) 3x + 8
(3) 5x 3
(4) 2x + 12 (5) 2x + 6
(6) 2x + 8
(7) 9
(8) 4x + 10 (9) x 1
(10) 4x + 11 (11) x + 1
(12) x + 13
c (1) 5x 7
(2) 5x + 1
(3) 7x 3
(4) 5x + 7
(5) 6x + 9
(6) 4x + 8
(7) 3x + 3
(8) 6x 8
(9) 4x
(10) 6x + 11 (11) 3x + 1 (12) 4x + 6
d (1) 6
(2) 20
(3) 16
(4) 64
(5) 16
(6) 4
(7) 20
(8) 32
(9) 96
(10) 224
(11) 8
(12) 1024
3 1 260 000 degrees
4 8 years
5 Estimates should be reasonably close to these. a 44% b 70% c 87%
6 a i 16 m ii 22 m iii 28 m
b i 72 m ii 36 m
c i 20 m ii 36 m iii 56 m
d i 36 m ii 72 m iii at least 36 m
Chapter 5:
Deductive geometry
Prep Quiz 5:01

1
4
7
10
vertically opposite angles

2 supplementary angles
angles at a point
5 corresponding angles
co-interior angles
8 angle sum of a triangle = 180
base angles of an isosceles triangle are equal; ( = )
3 complementary angles
6 alternate angles
9 angle sum of a quadrilateral = 360
Exercise 5:01A
1 a HEB = 55 (adj. angles on straight line)
ABC = 55 (corresp. to HEB, DC || GH)
c BDG = 106 (supp. adj. angles)
ABC = 106 (corresp. to BDG, HC || FG)
2 a CBE = 39 (alt. to DEB, AC || DF)
x = 141 (adj. angles on a straight line)
c EBC = 70 (corresp. to GCD, EF || GH)
x = 70 (vert. opp. EBC)
e DCH = 125 (corresp. to CBF, EF || GH)
x = 35 (since x + 90 = 125)
3 a BCE = 82 (alt. to ABC, AB || ED)
x = 98 (co-int. to BCE, BC || FG)
c BCF = 152 (co-int. to ABC, AB || FC)
DCF = 120 (co-int. to CDE, FC || ED)
x + 272 = 360 (angles at a point)
x = 88
e BCF = 100 (alt. to ABC, AB || CF)
DCF = 59 (BCF BCD)
x = 121 (co-int. to DCF, DE || CF)
540
b EFB = 93 (vert. opp. HFG)

ABC = 93 (corresp. to EFB, AD || EG)
b EBC = 88 (vert. opp. ABF)
x = 88 (corresp. to EBC, EF || GH)
d DAB = 92 (co-int. to CBA, AD || BC)
x = 62 (since x + 30 = 92)
f CBE = 48 (alt. to BED, AC || DF)
x = 42 (supp. adj. angles)
b BCD = 77 (alt. to ABC, AB || CD)
CDE = 103 (co-int. to BCD, BC || ED)
x = 103 (alt. to CDE, EF || CD)
d ACF = 45 (alt. to BAC, AB || FC)
DCF = 18 (alt. to CDE, FC || DE)
x = 63 (ACF + DCF)
f Draw CF right from C || AB and DE
ACF = 40 (co-int. to CAB, AB || CF)
DCF = 52 (co-int. to CDE, CF || DE)
x = 92 (ACF + DCF)
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g ABD = 42 (co-int. to CDB, AB || CD)

ABF = 77 (co-int. to EFB, AB || EF)
x = 35 (ABF ABD)
i
BDE = 76 (co-int. to DBC, AC || DE)

FDE = 38 (BDF = FDE, given)
x = 142 (co-int. to FDE, FG || DE)
h Draw EI up from E || AB and CD.

GEI = 73 (co-int. to CGE, CD || EI)
FEI = 106 (co-int. to AFE, AB || EI)
x = 33 (FEI GEI)
Exercise 5:01B
1 a DCA = 40 (alt. to EDC, ED || CA)
ABC + 60 + 40 = 180 (angle sum of a )
ABC = 80
c CDE + 40 + 75 = 180 (angle sum of a )
CDE = 65
ABC = 115 (co-int. to CDE, AB || ED)
2 a CDB = 88 (suppl. to EDB)
DBC = 72 (suppl. to DBA)
x + 72 + 88 = 180 (angle sum of a )
x = 20
c DBC = 111 (vert. opp. to ABE)
x + 111 + 25 = 180 (angle sum of a )
x = 44
3 a BCA = 80 (suppl. adj. angle)
BAC = 80 (base ang. of isos. )
80 + 80 + ABC = 180 (angle sum of )
ABC = 20
c CBD = CDB (base angles of isos. )
68 + 2 CBD = 180 (angle sum of a )
CBD = 56
ABC = 124 (suppl. adj. angles)
4 a EBC = 60 (suppl. adj. angles)
ECB = 55 (suppl. adj. angles)
BEC = x (vert. opp. angles)
x + 55 + 60 = 180 (angle sum of a )
x = 65
c DBC = 70 (corresp. to EAB, EA || DB)
95 = x + 70 (ext. angle of DBC)
x = 25
e BCE = 40 (suppl. adj. angles)
96 = x + 40 (ext. angle of BCE)
x = 56
5 a BED = 58 (alt. to CBE, AC || DE)
x + 78 + 58 = 180 (angle sum of a )
x = 44
c CED = 55 (DEF is a straight line)
BCE = x (alt. to ABF, BF || CE)
x = 46 + 55 (ext. angle of CDE)
x = 101
e BCD = 125 (co-int. to ADC, BE || AD)
ACD = 55 (base angles of isos. ACD)
BCA = 70 (BCD ACD)
ABC = 70 (base angles of isos. ABC)
x + 140 = 180 (angle sum of ABC)
x = 40
b DCB = 30 (alt. to EDC, ED || BC)

ABC + 30 + 100 = 180 (angle sum of a )
ABC = 50
b ABD = 48 (vert. opp. to ABE)

x + 75 + 48 = 180 (angle sum of a )
x = 57
b CAB = 81 (alt. to ACD, AB || DC)

ABC = 81 (base angles of isos. )
b x = 110 (alt. to EBC, DE || AC)
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d 30 + 35 + ABD = 180 (angle sum of a )
ABD = 115
DBC = 65 (suppl. adj. angles)
x = 50 + 65 (ext. angle of BCD)
x = 115
f acute BAC = 80 (angle of revoln)
acute ABC = 60 (angle of revoln)
x + 60 + 80 = 180 (angle sum of a )
x = 40
b BDA = x (alt. to CED, BD || CE)
x + 48 + 60 = 180 (angle sum of a )
x = 72
d ACD = x + 42 (ext. angle of ABC)
CAD = x + 42 (base angles of isos. DAC)
122 = 2x + 84 (ext. angle of ACD)
x = 19
f OAB and OBC are isosceles (radii equal)
ABO = 60 (base angles of isos. ABO)
COB = 120 (ext. angle ABO)
OCB = x (base angles of isos. OBC)
2x + 120 = 180 (angle sum of OBC)
x = 30
Prep Quiz 5:01C

1 120
2 60
3 80
4 105
5 50
6 80
7 110
8 70
9 110
10 360
ANSWERS
541
Exercise 5:01C
1 a CBE = 80 (vert. opp. FBA)
x = 80 (opp. angles of a parm)
c CBE = 110 (vert. opp. ABF)
x + 60 + 110 + 90 = 360 (angle sum of a quad.)
x = 100
e EBC + 60 + 100 + 70 = 360 (angle sum of a quad.)
EBC = 130
x = 50 (suppl. adj. angles)
2 a CAB
CAB
CAB
ABC
+ 65 + 145 + 100 = 360 (angle sum of a quad.)

= 50
= ABC (base angles of an isos. )
= 50
c CAB + 95 + 80 + 115 = 360 (angle sum of a quad.)

CAB = 70
ABC = 70 (base angles of an isos. )
e BAC + 80 + 110 + 90 = 360 (angle sum of a quad.)

BAC = 80
ACB = 80 (base angles of isos. )
ABC + 80 + 80 = 180 (angle sum of a )
ABC = 20
3 a AE = EB (Diag. of a rect. bisect each other
and are equal)
x = 30 (base angle of isos. )
c DE = EC (Diag. of a rect. bisect each other
and are equal)
x = 32 (base angles of isos. )
4 a EAD = x (base angles of isos. )
ADC = 2x (ext. angle of ADE)
2x = 70 (opp. angles of parm are equal)
x = 35
c ADB = 40 (alt. angles, AE || BD)
ADB = x (alt. angles, AD || BC)
x = 40
Investigation 5:02A
Investigation 5:02B
1 6
5 (1)5, 5
542
b EB = EC (Diag. of a rect. bisect each other

and are equal)
ECB = x (base angles of isos. )
x + x + 40 = 180 (angle sum of a )
x = 70
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b GCF = 70 (corresp.angles, AD || BC)

GFC = x (corresp. angles, BE || AF)
CGF = 30 (vert. opp. angles)
x + 30 + 70 = 180 (angle sum of a )
x = 80
The angle sum of a polygon
Decagon
b ABE = 78 (opp. angles of a parm)

x = 78 (vert. opp. ABE)
d FBC = 80 (suppl. adj. angles)
CDF = 85 (suppl. adj. angles)
x + 85 + 80 + 80 = 360 (angle sum of a quad.)
x = 115
f Reflex ADC = 360 130 = 230
(angle sum at point D is 360)
x + 342 = 360 (angle sum of quad. ABCD)
x = 18
b BAC + 70 + 150 + 85 = 360
(angle sum of a quad.)
BAC = 55
BCA = 55 (base angles of an isos. )
ABC + 55 + 55 = 180 (angle sum of a )
ABC = 70
d EAD = EDA (base angles of isos. )
2 EAD + 100 = 180 (angle sum of a )
EAD = 40
BAD + ADC + DCB + ABC = 360
(angle sum of a quad.)
60 + 110 + 100 + ABC = 360
ABC = 90
f EAD = 80 (base angles of isos. )
BAC + 30 + 80 = 180 (angle sum of )
BAC = 70
ABC = 70 (base angle of isos. )
Dodecagon
No. of sides in polygon
10 12
No. of triangles
4 The number of triangles is two less than the number of sides.

5 n2
6 (n 2) 180
( n 2 ) 180
7 -------------------------------n
The exterior angle sum of a convex polygon
2 6 180 = 1080
(2) 5 180 = 900 (3) 540
3 720
(4) 900 540 = 360
4 1080 720 = 360

6 The exterior angles sum to 360.
10
Exercise 5:02
1
3
5
7
a
a
a
a
720
1080
3240
240
b
b
b
b
c
c
c
c
1440
1440
360
228
Investigation 5:02C
2 a i 5
4 a 108
ii 540
b 120
d 18
6 a 6
8 a 80
b 110
2340
900
162
315
1 24, 3960, 165
i 6
135
9
120
ii 720
d 144
c 36
d 135
c
e
d
e
i 7
140
24
125
ii 900
14
-
f 158 ----17
60
Regular polygons and tessellations
1 120
2 3
3 360
add at a vertex to give 360
Investigation 5:02D
b
c
b
c
4 A regular pentagon will not tessellate because the interior angles (108) cannot
5 Square and equilateral triangle.
Spreadsheet
2 15 840, 176
3 a 30
b 36
c n > 45
Prep Quiz 5:03

1 and 2
B x
3 DCE
6 ACD and DCE
8 180 a
4 ACD
9 c
5 ACD
7 b
10 a = c
Exercise 5:03
1 a AEF = x (vert. opp. s)
AEF = y (corresp. s, || lines)
x=y
b DBC = x (vert. opp. s)

BDE = 180 x (co-int. s, BC || DE)
BDE = 180 y (co-int. s, DB || EC)
180 x = 180 y
x=y
Note: Other proofs may exist for exercises in deductive reasoning.

2
Let ABD be 2a and DBC be 2b.
D
ABC = 2a + 2b (ABD + DBC)
E
2(a + b) = 180 (ABC is a straight angle)
F
(a + b) = 90
Now EBD = a (BE bisects ABD; given)
DBF = b (BF bisects DBC; given)
a b
a
b
EBF = (a + b) = 90, (EBD + DBF)
A
B
C
EB BF (Q.E.D.)
3
Let DAC and DCA be a (base angles of isos. ADC).

Let BAC and BCA be b (base angles of isos. ABC).
BAD = b a (BAC DAC)
BCD = b a (BCA DCA)
BAD = BCD (Q.E.D.)
B
b
D
a
C
Let BAC and BCA be a (base angles of isos. ABC).
BDE = a (corresp. to BAC, DE || AC)
BED = a (corresp. to BCA, DE || AC)
BDE = BED (ie base angles of DBE are equal)
DBE is isosceles (Q.E.D.)
B
D
E
A
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F
D
Let BAD and BCD be a (base angles of isos. ABC).

AED = CFD = 90 (DE AB, DF BC)
EDA = 180 a 90 (angle sum of AED)
FDC = 180 a 90 (angle sum of DFC)
EDA = FDC (Q.E.D.)
a
ANSWERS
543
2a

DBC = 2a (ext. angle of ABC)
DCB = 2a (base angles of isos. BDC)
BCD = 2 BCA (Q.E.D.)
a
C
7
Construction: Draw interval BD.

Let BAD be a and BCD be c.
ABD = a (base angles of isos. ABD)
DBC = c (base angles of isos. BCD)
2a + 2c = 180 (angle sum of ABC)
a + c = 90 (dividing both sides by 2)
ABC = 90, (ABD + DBC) (Q.E.D.)
B
a c
Construction: Draw BF || AD and CE.

Let ABD be a and CBE be b.
ADB = a (base angles of isos. ADB)
CEB = b (base angles of isos. BCE)
FBD = a (alt. to ADB, BF || AD)
FBE = b (alt. to CEB, BF || CE)
2a + 2b = 180 (ABC is straight)
a + b = 90 (dividing both sides by 2)
DBE = 90, (FBD + FBE) (Q.E.D.)
F
E
a
b
a b
a
b
B
C
2a
a
10
D
a
B
Let BAE = x, ABE = y and BCD = z

x + y = 90 (comp. s in ABE)
z + y = 90 (comp. s in BCD)
x=z
BAE = BCD
B
E
Let DOB and DEO be a (base angles of isos. ODE).

CDO = 2a (ext. angle of ODE)
OCD = 2a (base angles of isos. OCD, radii equal)
AOC = DEO + OCD (ext. angle of OCE)
AOC = a + 2a = 3a
AOC = 3 DOB (Q.E.D.)
C
A
11
C
a c
A
544
a
O
Construction: Draw interval OC

OA = OC = OB (radii of circle)
Let OAC = a and OBC = c
ACO = a (base angles of isos. ACO)
BCO = c (base angles of isos. BCO)
2a + 2c = 180 (angle sum of ABC)
a + c = 90
ACB = 90 (ACO + BCO) (Q.E.D.)
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12
C
x y
O
x
D
Construction: Join CO and extend it to D.

OA = OB = OC (radii of circle)
Let ACO = x and BCO = y
ACB = ACO + BCO
= x + y
CAO = x (base angles of isos. OAC)
AOD = 2x (ext. angle of OAC)
Similarly,
CBO = y and BOD = 2y
AOB = AOD + BOD
= 2x + 2y
= 2(x + y)
= 2 ACB (Q.E.D.)
Prep Quiz 5:04

1 figure C
2 figure D
3 L
4 QP
5 O
6 PO
7 C
8 no
9 no
10 no
Exercise 5:04
1 a
5 cm
5 cm
60
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c
4 cm
4 cm
5 cm
5 cm
60
50
60
50
60
60
5 cm
5 cm
2 The answer to all parts of the question is no.

3 No
4 a i yes
ii no
b no
5 a yes
b yes
c yes
d no
e yes
6 a yes
b no
c yes
d yes
e it is between the two sides
f When the angle is placed between the two sides the positions of the remaining two vertices are fixed.
Hence there is only one possible answer for the length of the third side and the size of the other angles.
7 a 50
b yes
c yes
d opposite the smallest angle
e no
f yes
g It has to be placed opposite the same-sized angle.
8 a yes
b Pythagoras theorem
c yes
ANSWERS
545
Prep Quiz 5:05

1 EF
2 ED
3 DF
4 E
5 D
6 F
7 PQ
8 QR
9 70
10 no
Exercise 5:05
1 a RHS
b SSS
c AAS
d SAS
2 a yes (SSS) b no
c no
d no
3 a In s ABC and CDA
i AC is common
ii BAC = DCA (data)
ABC = CDA (data)
ABC CDA (AAS)
c In s PQN and LMN
i QN = MN (data)
ii NPQ = NLM (alt. s PQ // LM)
iii NQP = NML (alt. s PQ // LM)
PQN LMN (AAS)
e In s ABC and ADC
i AC is common
ii AB = AD (data)
iii CB = CD (data)
ABC ADC (SSS)
4 a In s ABC and DEC:
(1) BC = CE (given)
(2) AC = DC (given)
(3) ACB = DCE (vert. opp. s)
ABC DEC (SAS)
c In s ABD and ACD:
(1) AB = AC (given)
(2) AD is common
(3) ADB = ADC (given)
ABD ACD (RHS)
e In s ABD and ACD:
(1) ABD = ACD (given)
(2) ADB = ADC (given)
(3) AD is common
ABD ACD (AAS)
g In s ABF and CDE:
(1) AFB = CED (given)
(2) AB = CD (sides of a square are equal)
(3) ABF = EDC (angles of a square are equal)
ABF CDE (AAS)
5 a In s ABC and DCB:
(1) ACB = DBC (given)
(2) AC = DB (given)
(3) BC is common
ABC DCB (SAS)
e AAS
s CED and CAB
DC = AC (data)
EC = BC (data)
DCE = ACD (vert. opp. s)
CED CAB (SAS)
d In s POQ and TOS
i OP = OT (radii of circle)
ii OQ = OS (radii of circle)
iii POQ = TOS (data)
POQ TOS (SAS)
f In s AOE and COD
i AO = CO (radii of circle)
ii EO = DO (radii of circle)
iii AOE = COD (vert. opp. s)
AOE COD (SAS)
b In s ABD and BAC:
(1) BD = AC (given)
(2) ABC = BAC (given)
(3) AB is common
ABD BAC (SAS)
d In s ABC and ADC:
(1) AB = AD (given)
(2) BC = DC (given)
(3) AC is common
ABC ADC (SSS)
f In s AOB and COD:
(1) OA = OC (radii of circle)
(2) OB = OD (radii of circle)
(3) AOB = COD (given)
AOB COD (SAS)
b In
i
ii
iii
b In s DBC and ECB:

(1) BDC = CEB (given)
(2) ABC = ACB (given)
(3) BC is common
DBC EBC (AAS)
Exercise 5:06
1 a (AAS); DE = 10 cm
2 a ABC EDF (SAS)
x = 385 (corresp. sides of congt s)
c ABC CDE (SAS)
x = 50 (corresp. s of congt s)
3 a In s ABD and CBD
i BA = BC (data)
ii DA = DC (data)
iii BD is common
ABD CBD (SSS)
a = 120 (corresp. s of congt s)
546
b (SAS); DE = 27 cm
b XYZ LNM (AAS)
b = 122 (corresp. sides of congt s)
b In
i
ii
iii
s ADB and ADC

AD is common
AB = AC (data)
ADB = ADC = 90 (data)
ADB ADC (RHS)
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s AOB and OCD

OA = OC (radii of circle)
OB = OD (radii of circle)
AOB = COD (data)
OAB OCD (SAS)
e In s BAC and DCA
i BA = DC (data)
ii BAC = DCA (data)
iii CA is common
BAC DCA (SAS)
c In
i
ii
iii
4 a In s ABC and ADC:

(1) AB = AD (given)
(2) BC = DC (given)
(3) AC is common
ABC ADC (SSS)
BAC = DAC (corresp. s of congt s)
c In s AXB and DXC:
(1) AX = XD (given)
(2) BX = XC (given)
(3) AXB = CXD (vert. opp. s)
AXB DXC (SAS)
BAX = CDX (corresp. s of congt s)
But ABX and DCX are alternate angles
AB // CD (equal alt. s)
e In s OAC and OBC:
(1) OA = OB (radii of circle)
(2) AC = CB (given)
(3) OC is common
OAC OBC (SSS)
OCA = OCB (corresp. s of congt s)
Now OCA + OCB = 180 (adj. supp. s)
2 OCA = 180
OCA = 90
OCA = OCB = 90
d In s CAB and CED

i AC = EC (data)
ii ACB = ECD (vert. opp. s)
iii BC = DC (data)
CAB CED (SAS)
f In s AEB and BDA
i AB is common
ii EAB = DBA (data)
iii AE = BD (data)
AEB BDA (SAS)
ADB = 85 (corresp. s of congt s)
a + 70 + 85 = 180 (angle sum of )
a = 25
b In s ABC and DBC:
(1) AC = CD (given)
(2) AB = DB (given)
(3) BC is common
ABC DBC (SSS)
ABC = CBD (corresp. s of congt s)
d In s AOD and BOD:
(1) AO = OB (radii of a circle)
(2) OD is common
(3) ADO = BDO (given)
AOD BOD (RHS)
AD = DB (corresp. sides of congt s)
f
In s AOC and BOD:

i OA = OB (radii of circle)
ii OC = OD (radii of circle)
iii AOC = BOD (vert. opp. angles)
AOC BOD (SAS)
AC = DB (corresp. sides of cong. s)
CAO = DBO (corresp. angles of cong. s)
AC // DB (alt. angles CAO, DBO are equal)
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Exercise 5:07
1
BCE = (alt. s, AB // CE)

ECD = (corresp. s, AB // CE)
BCD = BCE + ECD
=+
2 x + c = 180 (adj. s on a st. line)

y + b = 180 (adj. s on a st. line)
z + a = 180 (adj. s on a st. line)
(x + c) + (y + b) + (z + a) = 540
(x + y + z) + (a + b + c) = 540
But x + y + z = 180 ( sum of a )
180 + (a + b + c) = 540
a + b + c = 360
ANSWERS
547
2 x O
A
y B
x y
C
Produce CO to D
AO = BO = CO (radii of circle)
Let OCA = x and OCB = y
ACB = x + y
OAC = x (base s of isos. OAC)
AOD = 2x (ext. of AOC)
OBC = y (base s of isos. OBC)
BOD = 2y (ext. of BOC)
Reflex AOB = AOD + BOD
= 2x + 2y
= 2(x + y)
= 2 ACB
5 a
Let the angles be

a, b and c
Since AB = AC
b = c
(base s of isos. )
Since BA = BC
a = c
(base s of isos. )
a = b = c
a + b + c = 180
( sum of )
3a = 180
a = 60
a = b = c = 60
B = C (data)
Draw a perpendicular from A to BC,
meeting BC in D.
In s ABD and ACD
i ABD = ACD (data)
ii ADB = ADC = 90 (by construction)
iii AD is common
ABD ACD (AAS)
AB = AC (corresp. sides of congt s)
6 a In s ABD and ACD
i AB = AC (data)
ii AD is common
iii ADB = ADC = 90 (by construction)
ABD ACD (RHS)
BD = CD (corresp. sides of congt s)
AD bisects BC
A = B = C (data)
AC = AB (using part a and B = C)
AB = CB (using part a and A = C)
AB = AC = CB
ABC is equilateral
b In
i
ii
iii
s ABD and ACD

AB = AC (data)
AD is common
BD = CD (data)
ABD ACD (SSS)
ADB = ADC (corresp. s of congt s)
ADB + ADC = 180 (adj. supp. s)
2 ADB = 180
ADB = 90
AD BC
7 a 72
b A hexagon. If the radius equals the side length then the triangle is equilateral and x = 60. As 360 60 = 6, the
hexagon is the only polygon for which this will occur.
8 a SAS
b corresp. sides of congt s
c SAS
d corrresp. sides of congt s
e because they are both equal to AS.
f isosceles
g A line drawn from the midpoint of the base of an isosceles triangle to the third vertex is perpendicular to the base.
548
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Exercise 5:08
1 1 quadrilateral
2 trapezium
3 parallelogram
4 rectangle
5 square
6 rhombus
2 a alt s and // lines
b alt. s and // lines
c yes
3 In s ABE and CDE:
d In s ABC and CDA:
(1) AB = DC (opp. sides of a parm)
(1) BAC = DCA (alt. s and // lines)
(2) BAE = DCE (alt. s, AB // DC)
(2) BCA = DAC (alt. s and // lines)
(3) EBA = EDC (alt. s, AB // DC)
(3) AC is common
ABE CDE (AAS)
ABC CDA (AAS)
AE = EC (corresp. sides of congt s)
i ABC = CDA (corresp. s of congt s)
EB = ED (corresp. sides of congt s)
ii AB = DC (corresp. sides of contg s)
BC = AD (corresp. sides f congt s)
4 a Opposite sides of a parallelogram are equal.
b Opposite sides of a parallelogram are equal.
c AB = DC and BC = AD proved above. But AD = DC (given), AB = DC = AD = BC
d i isosceles
ii isosceles
e equal s of isos.
f equal s of isos.
g alt. s and // lines.
h ADB, BDC, DBC
i
BAC = ACD (alt. s, AB // DC)
A
B
BCA = DAC (alt. s, AD // BC)
But BAC = BCA (equal s of isos. )
BAC = ACD = BCA = DAC
AC bisects the angles DAB and DCB.
5 a Diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each other.

b In s ABE and CBE:
(1) AE = EC (diag. of parm bisect each other)
(2) BE is common
(3) AB = BC (sides of a rhombus are equal)
ABE CBE (SSS)
AEB = BEC (corresp. s of congt s)
But AEB + BEC = 180 (adj. supp. s)
2 AEB = 180
AEB = 90
AEB = BEC = 90
6 a DAB = 90 (co-int. s, AB // DC)
ABC = 90 (co-int. s, AD // BC)
BCD = 90 (co-int. s, AB // DC)
b In s ABD and DCA:
(1) AB = DC (opp. sides of a parm are equal)
(2) AD is common
(3) ADC = DAB (s of a rectangle)
ABD DCA (SAS)
AC = DB (corresp. sides of congt s)
7 In s ABC and CDA
(i) AB = CD (given)
(ii) BC = DA (given)
(iii) AC is common
ABC CDA (SSS)
BCA = CAD (corresp. angles of cong. s)
BC // DA (alt. angles equal)
BAC = DCA (corresp. angles of cong. s)
AB // CD (alt. angles equal)
Opposite sides are parallel
ABCD is a parallelogram
8 a Vertically opposite s
b SAS
c CBE (corresp. s of congruent s)
d ADE and CBE are equal alternate s
e SAS
f Corresp. s of congruent s
g Pairs of alternate angles are equal.
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ANSWERS
549
10 Proof: DC = AB (opp. sides of parm ABCD)

AB = FE (opp. sides of parm ABFE)
DC = FE
Also DC // AB and AB // FE
DC // FE
DC and FE are parallel and equal.
DCEF is a parallelogram.
12
B
A
13
D
A
Proof: ABCD is a parallelogram (opposite s equal)

4x = 360 (angle sum of quad.)
x = 90
ABCD is a parallelogram with one right angle.
ABCD is a rectangle.
B
x
D
14 a yes
d yes
15 yes
b yes
e yes
Data: ABCD is a quadrilateral with AB = DC and AB // DC.

Aim: To prove AD // BC.
Construction: Join BD.
Proof: In s ABD and CBD
(1) AB = DC (data)
(2) BD is common.
(3) ABD = CDB (alt. s, AB // DC)
ABD CBD (SAS)
ADB = CBD (corresp. s of congt s)
But ADB and CBD are also alternate s
AD // BC (pair of alt. s are equal)
ABCD has both pairs of opposite sides parallel.
ABCD is a parallelogram.
11 Proof: AK = KC (diag. of parm bisect each other)
EA = CG (data)
AK + EA = KC + CG
EK = KG
Similarly it can be shown that KH = KF.
Diagonals EG and FH bisect each other.
EFGH is a parallelogram.
Proof: ABCD is a parallelogram.
(Both pairs of opposite sides are equal.)
AB = BC (data)
ABCD is a parallelogram with a pair of adjacent sides equal.
ABCD is a rhombus. (See definition p. 153.)
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c No, because it does not have all its sides equal.

f No, because it does not have all its angles equal.
Investigation 5:08
Theorems and their converses
1 If a triangle has all angles equal then it has all its sides equal. (This converse is true.)
2 If a quadrilateral has its diagonals equal then it is a square. (This converse is not true.)
3 If a quadrilateral has its opposite angles equal then it is a parallelogram. (This converse is true.)
Exercise 5:09
1 a 2
3 a x=
52
45 = 3 5
y=
48
= 2 13
4 a 128
2 a yes
b x=
= 4 3
b 4
Diagnostic Test 5
27
y=6
= 3 3
c 9m
5 a
12 = 2 3
c no
116 y =
= 2 29
b
20
= 2 5
10 3 5 5 61 m
Deductive geometry
1 a AFG = x (corresp. s, AB // CD)

x + 130 = 180 (adj. supp. s)
x = 50
c LON + 90 + 70 + 85 = 360 ( sum of quad.)
LON = 115
LOP = x (base s of isos. )
x + 115 = 180 (adj. supp. s)
x = 65
2 a 2340
b 135
c 18
550
b no
c x=
b DBE = EDB (base s of isos. )

2 EDB + 40 = 180 ( sum of )
EDB = 70
EDB = x (alt. s, AC // DE)
x = 70
130 cm
3 a DBA = x (alt. s, AB // CD)

DBA = y (alt. s, AC // BD)
x=y
4
5
6
7
c Let ABC = ACD = x

CAD = 90 x (comp. s, ADC)
ATE = x (comp. s, ATE)
FTD = x (vert. opp. s)
ABC = FTD
a SAS
b SSS
c AAS
a In s ABD and ACD
(1) AD is common.
(2) AB = AC (data)
(3) BD = CD (data)
ABD ACD (SSS)
ABD = ACD (corr. s of cong. s)
c In s ABX and ACY
(1) AB = AC (data)
(2) BX = CY (data)
(3) ABX = ACY (base s of isos. )
ABX ACY (SAS)
AX = AY (corr. sides of cong s)
a 9
b 35
c 30
a
Let CAD = a
BCA = a (base s) of isos. BAC)
CBD = 2a (ext. of BAC)
BCD = 2a (base s of isos. DBC)
Now ACD = BCA + BCD
= a + 2a
= 3a
= 3 CAD
c In
i
ii
iii
9 a
b
c
s CAB and CAD,

AC is common
AB = AD (data)
BC = DC (data)
CAB CAD (SSS)
CAB = CAD (corresp. s of congt s)
CBD = CDB (base s of isos. )

ABD = 90 CBD
ADB = 90 CDB
ABD = ADB
AB = AD (equal sides of isos. )
b In s OAB and OCD

(1) OA = OC (radii of circle)
(2) OB = OD (radii of circle)
(3) AB = CD (data)
OAB OCD (SSS)
AOB = COD (corr. s of cong. s)
b In s ABC and ACD,

i AD is common
ii ABD = ACD (data)
iii BAD = CAD (data)
ABC ACD (AAS)
ADB = ADC (corresp. angles of congt s)
ADB + ADC = 180 (adj. supp. s)
2 ADB = 180
ADB = 90
AD BC
8 a See Exercise 5:08 question 13
b A
D
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125 cm
8 cm
208 cm
ABCD is a rectangle
(diagonals are equal and bisect each other)
ADE DCE (SAS)
AD = DC (corresp. sides of congt s)
ABCD is a square
(rectangle with a pair of adjacent sides equal)
c One pair of sides is both equal and parallel.
1 a
BEG = 70 (comp. s)
x + 70 = 180 (co-int. s, AB // CD)
x = 110
BAC = x (alt. s, DB // AC)
BAC = x (base s of isos. )
2x + 52 = 180 ( sum of )
x = 64
EBA = 70 (base s of isos. EAB)

DBC = 60 ( of equil. )
EBD = 50 (adj. s on a st. line)
BDE = 50 (base s of isos. EBD)
x + 50 + 50 = 180 ( sum of )
x = 80
d BCD + 74 + 138 + 96 = 360 ( sum of quad.)
BCD = 52
BDC = x (base s of isos. )
2x + 52 = 180 ( sum of )
x = 64
b
ANSWERS
551
2 a 72, 144
b a = 108, b = 36, c = 36, d = 72
3 In s BED and CFD
i BD = CD (D is midpoint of BC)
ii BED = CFD (BE AD, CF AD)
iii BDE = CDF (vert. opp. angles)
BED CFD (AAS)
BE = CF (corresp. sides of cong. s, Q.E.D.)
4
E
DCF = a (vert. opp. BCA)
CFD = 180 a 90 (angle sum of CFD, FD CD)
AED = 180 a 90 (angle sum of AED)
CFD = AED (both 90 a)
BEF is isosceles (base angles equal) (Q.E.D.)
C
A
D
F
5 1850 cm (correct to 2 dec. pl.)

6 CA = CB (equal sides in isos. CAB)
CB = CD (equal sides in isos. CBD)
CA = CD
CAD = CDA (base s of isos. CAD)
1 The shape of the lamp shade is based on a square pyramid. The top section of the pyramid and its base have been
removed.
2 34
3 12 L; 33 L
4 a 12
b 8
5 a 327 m
b 36
c $616.65
6 a 15 m
b 06, 34 seconds
c 20 m
d 2 seconds
e 14 seconds
Chapter 6:
Indices and surds
Exercise 6:01
24
b 32
c 53
d 75
e 103
f 94
g x2
3
5
6
2
3
4
n
j m
k p
l y
m 4
n t
o x5
222 b 44
c 66666
d 10 10 10 10
e 777
aaa h xxxx
i yy
j mmmmm
nnnnnnn
l ppp
32
b 81
c 49
d 121
e 10 000
f 216
g 256
32 768
j 59 049
k 16 777 216 l 14 348 907 m 8000
n 27 783
o 455 625
105
b 103
c 106
d 56
e 25
f 76
g 39
h 28
i 1010
101
b 103
c 101
d 54
e 73
f 39
g 21
h 50 or 1 i 26
106
b 109
c 1012
d 212
e 24
f 235
g 38
h 515
i 78
26 34
k 76 118
l 34 28
x5
b y6
c m6
d m5
e p10
f a2
g y7
h x3
i m7
3y5
k 3m6
l 15x3
x3
b x4
c x5
d m2
e y3
f m2
g 1
h 1
i y6
2m6
k 2y8
l 4x5
x6
b y8
c a15
d 1
e 1
f 1
g y6
h a18
i x9
8x3
k 9x4
l 625m8
8x7
b 5a3
c 4m10
d 8x
e 5a
f 4m2
g 50y4
32a9
j 2y2
k 8
l 2a
m 72x8
n 27a9
o 108y7
5
5
2
5
3a
r 3y
s 3a
t 2x
u 2a
6
b 6
c 1
d a
e y3
f m5
g 8m6
12
5 3
2 9
5 3
3 4
5 2
16p
j xy
k ab
l xy
m xy
n ab
o m3n4
a2b2c2
r p3q9
s 10x3y2
t 28a3b5
u 44a5b2
v 3a4
w 24a3
2
3
2
22x 5x z 12x + 7x + 1
x3
y
10
30x6
b 40a3
c 5xy4
d ----e --f -----g x8
2
7
x
i y26
j a2
k m2
l n2
m y19
n 8a18
o b2
xy 3
q 2a2
r 7pq2
s 2x5
t 6x6
u -------16
1 a
i
2 a
g
k
3 a
i
4 a
5 a
6 a
j
7 a
j
8 a
j
9 a
j
10 a
i
q
11 a
i
q
y
12 a
552
h a4
f
h 78 125
p 592 704
h 32m4
p 2x2
h 16n6
p x4y6
x 2c
h a13
p x2
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13 a
i
m
14 a
x4 x2
b 5a3 a5
2m3n2 2m5
7x2
n 4y4
32x + 1
b 5y 1
5a3 a5
d x3 + xy
5x3 3x2 + 7x
6x2 + x
24x 2
d e3x + 1
c
j
o
c
e 7m m3 f y3 xy2
k 2x4 + 7x3 14x2
e ex + 1
g 6a5 + 9a3 h 15x3 5x2

l y3 7y2 y
ex + 3
Exercise 6:02
1
--3
1 a
2 a
j
3 a
4 a
b
k
b
b
11
103
true
103
1
5 a --a
5
j ----3a
6 a x1
ma3
1
--5
b
1
1
--2
c
1
c
l
c
c
d
1
3
106
false
101
1
b --x
10
k -----2y
b x2
5
105
true
105
1
c ---m
36
l -----4q
c x3
k 3ab2
1 1--2
3
--x
b x4
3x3
b 52y 2
Investigation 6:02
1
Answer
1
-----------1000
4
1
-----16
8
1
----------------10 000
2
e 3
g 2
h 7
d false
d 103
1
d --y
e false
e 101
1
e ----3x
f
f
false
106
1
----y2
g true
g 106
1
g ----4x
h false
h 104
1
h ------6
m
d x4
e 5y2
3a1
g 10m4 h 75x3
d 10
5
d ------2
m
e 4
g 2 1---
1
-----25
102
2
--x
xy2
1
------------------( x + 1 )2
c 004
j 0064
c m3
2
j ----5a
d 0015 625
k 100 000
d 1
8
k --y
c y2
2
j ----4a
1
c ----6y
d x4
24
k -----5a
d m
e 0015 625 f
l 256
e 3a
f
30
l ------5
m
1
e ----4f
a
l 2n
e
1
-----------l
2a 2 b
.
1
- or 0.083
d -----
1
------------------( 3 + a )1
h 11 1---
1
-------2x 2
2
-------a2 b
1
1
g ------------2- or -----------2
( 6x )
36x
0015 625 g 8
30x2
g 5a
1
----y4
1
g ----3y
1
-------9x 2
25
g -----2x
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12
d ex + 1
c e2x
Zero and negative indices
104
Power of 10
d 7
1
12 a a
b ----2x
49
1
1
h -----4i --------j --------------abc
x
a2 b2 c2
.
.
13 a 5--- or 0.83 b 1--- or 0.16 c 1
6
6
6
14 a 32x
1
-----16
3
4xy1
7 a 2
b 3
c
1
1
8 a ----2b ----5c
x
a
4
4
h ------------------1- or -----------x+2
(x + 2)
9 a 0125
b 00625
h 25
i 400
10 a x
b a3
1
h 30m2
i ----3x
11 a m5
1
h ----2x
1
-----36
1
103
102
10 000 1000
101
100
10
100
101
102
103
104
1
-----10
1
--------100
1
-----------1000
1
----------------10 000
Yes
54
Power of 5
53
Answer
625
Yes
2 a true
b true
52
125
51
25
50
51
52
53
54
1
--5
1
-----25
1
--------125
1
--------625
c true
d true
e true
true
g true
h true
true
Prep Quiz 6:03

1
25 = 5
6 n=
7 n=
1
--2
49 = 7
8 n=
1
--2
8 = 2
9 n=
1
--2
5 n=
125 = 5
10 n =
1
--3
1
--2
1
--3
Exercise 6:03
1 a
2 a 3
3 a 2
5
1
--2
b 32
b 7
10
1
--2
c 2
2
11
1
--3
d 2
d 3 2
d 73
e 4
e 4 3
7 6
1
--2
10
g 12
h 1
11
k 9
3
ANSWERS
553
4 a x
b a
1
--3
1
--5
5 a
6 a 15
j 4
7 a 4
8 a 9a
c m
c
b 28
k 32
b 2
4 8
b xy
3
--2
d 12x
d 27
c 32
l 1000
c 54
Investigation 6:03
1
--2
1
--2
c 4m
e 6y
e 8
18n
32
8 =
h 25
2a3
ab2
k 3x2y3 l
2xy
1
--4
243
k 16
1
--8
3 200 000
e 15
20
g 3375
d 3
a2
d ----2b
e 1
8
e ----3x
1
--2
y9
--------125
1
--2
h 81
h 4
Reasoning with fractional indices
5
--2
x = x , 3b = 1, b =
g 8
h y2
d 9
x , x , x , x , x . . . The power of x is increasing by

3b
g x
-1
-3
1
--3
-2
1
--2
each time.
-1
23 = ( 23 )2 = 22 = 22 22 = 2 2 = ( 2 )2 ( 2 )1 = ( 2 )3
Some values are: (x = 4, p = 1, q = 2), (x = 8, p = 1, q = 3), (x = 16, p = 1, q = 4)
Investigation 6:04
1 a 18
i 6 200 000
2 a 018
decimal point
Multiplying and dividing by powers of 10
b 180
c 1800
j 31416
k 31416
b 0018
c 00018
n places to the left.
d 405
e 405
f 4050
g 62 000
h 620 000
l 31 416. To multiply by 10n move the decimal point n places to the right.
d 9685
e 09685
f 009685. To divide by 10n move the
Exercise 6:04
1 a 2 104 = 2 10 10 10 10 = 20 000, 24 = 2 2 2 2 = 16
1
1
1
5
1
b 5 10 2 = 5 -------2- = 5 --------- = --------- , 5 2 = ----- = -----100
100
25
10
52
c 1577 88 1012 or 1 577 800 000 000 (taking 1 year = 36525 days). However, since years that are multiples of 100
are not leap years unless they are multiples of 400, the answer could be 1 577 847 600 000 or 1577 847 6 1012.
d Yes (if you are older than 9 years 4 months 8 days)
e 98 105, 00034, 56 102, 204, 6, 5499 102, 324 103, 12 104
f 76 103 cm
g Answers may vary. It would be about 05 mm, or 5 101 mm, or 5 102 cm.
2 a 21
b 021
c 021
d 704
e 00704
f 00704
g 1375
h 0001 375
i 0001 375
3 a 47 102
b 26 103
c 53 104
d 7 102
e 5 104
f 7 105
g 65 101
h 342 102
i 9 101
j 497 103
4
6
2
1
k 635 10
l 2941 10
m 2971 10
n 693 10
o 49765 103
p 931 106
q 67 107
r 1901 105
s 6 105
t 5017 105
5
u 1 10
4 a 75 102
b 63 103
c 59 101
d 8 102
e 3 104
3
1
2
4
f 9 10
g 3 10
h 301 10
i 529 10
j 426 101
k 1 103
l 97 106
m 6 105
n 907 104
o 4 109
5 a 230
b 94 000
c 3700
d 295
e 874
f 763 000
g 1075
h 20 000
i 80
j 0029
k 0001 9
l 095
m 0003 76
n 0000 463
o 00107
p 007
q 080
r 0000 005
s 973 000
t 00063
u 47 000 000
v 9142
w 0010 32
x 100 000 000
Prep Quiz 6:05

1 69 102
6 2900
2 4 103
7 800 000
3 9632 102
8 0046
12
1.4
b 4631 109
g 76514 108
4 73 102
9 0000 000 5
5 3 104
10 0814
Exercise 6:05
1 a
15
6.3
2 a 302 105
f 46327 1010
11
9.2
c 137 1015
h 1031 24 1012
d 131 104
i 69333 105
e 69 108
A calculator readout of 2. 04 = 2 104 = 20 000; 24 = 16.

3 1031 24 1012, 46327 1010, 69 108, 69333 105, 131 104, 302 105, 76514 108, 4631 109,
137 1015
554
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4 a
f
5 a
f
6 a
e
21160 1014
b 56689 1012
13158 1012
g 39366 1012
318 600
b 0006 626
771 000
g 86 310
1393 106, 12 800 km or 128 104 km
2 1038
16807 1016
d 71538 1011
40459 1019
02442
d 0000 014 44
0004 498
i 0000 188 7
5 000 000 km or 5 106 km
c 8 min
c
h
c
h
b
e 16687 1014
e 0008 424
d 2 1027 tonnes
Exercises 6:06
1 a
g
m
s
y
2 a
b
h
n
t
z
rational
irrational
rational
rational
rational
c
i
o
u
irrational
rational
rational
rational
irrational
2
1
6 24
7 26
g
1
10
3
10 32
31
3 a 3, 4
b 4, 5
8
3
20
1
12 35
12
0
8 28
h
4
5
0
irrational
rational
irrational
irrational
5 22
f
l
r
x
rational
rational
rational
irrational
3 17
e
k
q
w
rational
rational
irrational
rational
3
2 14
d
j
p
v
rational
rational
rational
rational
20 45
4
c 6, 7
d 8, 9
e 9, 10
11, 12 g 13, 14 h 15, 16 i
19, 20 j
30, 31
3, 2 , 5
8, 3 ,
40, 65, 7, 50
2, 21, , 12
26, 30, 56, 6
60, 79, 65, 81
98, 10, 102, 101
9, 31, , 32
41, 20, 45, 21
390, 20, 420, 21
4 a
3, 10, 12
24, 600, 610, 25
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Prep Quiz 6:07

1 4
2 3
3 6
4 5
5 7
6 12
7 12
8 2
9 2
10 16
Exercise 6:07
1 a
15
15
42
42
30
46
65
33
10
14
110
91
13
11
19
19
2 a 16
i 8
q 1000
b 9
j 45
r 1620
c 1
k 12
s 1800
d 100
l 75
t 3375
e 5
m 147
f 8
n 28
g 15
o 891
h 73
p 180
3 a 2 2
b 2 5
d 5 2
e 2 6
g 3 5
h 3 6
3 10
k 2 14
3 7
m 2 11
n 2 13
o 6 3
p 2 10
2 15
2 19
u 2 17
v 3 14
w 10 2
x 9 2
2 7
q 3 11
2 3
4 6
4 2
4 a 42
b 52
c 28
d 35
e 56
69
g 71
h 127
5 a 4 3
b 6 2
d 12 2
e 10 5
10 3
g 30 3
h 6 14
m 14 14
n 18 2
o 6 11
p 15 10
10 2
10 5
12 5
k 6 6
6 6
q 60 2
35 2
54 3
10 17
6 a
12
18
20
54
32
75
63
50
72
150
90
112
252
250
98
200
243
256
441
432
ANSWERS
555
Prep Quiz 6:08

1 2 3
2 2 5
3 4 2
4 5 2
5 5
6 36
7 2
8 35
9 11
10 78
Exercise 6:08
1 a 5 2
i
8 6
b 11 3
k 9 10
14 5
2 a 6 5+3 7
g 8 11 + 3 7
3 a 3 2
i
q 8 5
7 6
b 4 7+2 5
2 + 12 3
b 4 3
7 2
k 5 5
2 3
4 a 4 2
e 3 5
m 3 2
n 3 3
6 3
d 2 3+5 2
4 3+8 5
5 2
5 2
b 3 5
g 18 2 + 3 3
d 3 3
e 5 3
n 22 2
5 6
d 6 7
6 3
h 6 3
o 0
10 + 4 7
2 3+2 5
2 75 5
d 4 5
2 3
g 5 7
g 3 2
o 23 2
p 16 7
e 3 3+5 2
8 5+4 2
h 21 2 5 3
Exercise 6:09
1 a
35
10
3 2
q 18
2 a
i
r 20
5
2
3 a 3 2
9
i ---------4 3
4 a
4 2
b 8 3
33
10
g 4
h 6
k 5 2
2 5
m 2 15
n 12 10
o 14 6
p 20
24 5
8 3
u 24 5
v 6x
w 4 x
x a2x
d 3
21
70
e 2
g 5
h 6
k 3 5
m 6 2
n 3 2
o 2 3
d 1
h 3
6 2
b 5 + 10
14 14
d 5 33
e 2 6 2
10 5 4 10
g 4+2 2
h 15 + 6 5
4 6 12
k 14 2 14
7 39
m 2 6+8
n 4 10 40
o 60 30 3
q 2x + 3 x
6y + 4 xy
6+2
3 30 + 18
p a+ a
Prep Quiz 6:10

1
2 6
15
3 5
4 18
5 10 2
6 8 3
7 0
8 5 7 20
9 10 + 30
10 6 6 6
Exercise 6:10
1 a 5+4 2
e
35 10 14 + 2
5 665 2+2 3
b 4 32
5 2 + 10 + 30 + 6
g 5 3+5 2+ 6+2
d 2 + 6 + 10 + 15
h 4 2 5 2 3 + 15
4+ 2+2 6+ 3
17 7 7
k 13 + 3 15
m 7 14 27
n 9 15 5
o 26 14 45
p 21 21 40
q 114 + 21 70
u 32 3 1
v x+5 x+6
2 a 3+2 2
77 + 39 6
66 + 14 6
w 2m + 3 mn + n
10 + 5 6
42 27 7
x 6a + 5 ab 6b
b 28 10 3
9+4 5
d 5+2 6
e 7 2 10
13 + 2 30
g 13 + 4 3
h 34 24 2
45 + 20 5
k 55 + 30 2
52 6 35
m 83 + 20 6
n 167 28 15
o 550 100 30 p x + 2 xy + y
15 + 4 14
q 4m + 20 m + 25
9p 12 pq + 4q
3 a 1
i 13
c 39
k 5
b 22
j 18
e 1
m 38
d 14
l 42
f 2
n 6
g 2
o xy
h 4
p 4a 9b
Prep Quiz 6:11

1 5
556
2 10
3 6
4 10
5 12
6 1
7 1
8 23
9 10
10 23
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Exercise 6:11
2
1 a ------2
5
b ------5
2 3
---------3
10
d ---------2
3 2
---------2
2 3
g 2 5
2 11
h -------------11
7 5
o ---------10
5 3
p ---------3
6
------3
15
---------5
2
------2
5
------5
2
m ------4
2 3
n ---------15
2
q ------2
10
---------10
6
------3
35
---------3
2 3+3
u -------------------3
2 5
2 a 0894, ---------5
3 7
b 113, ---------7
6
c 0612, ------4
3 2+2 3
3 a ---------------------------6
2 55 2
b --------------------------10
5 6+6 5
---------------------------30
3 10 + 2 15
h ---------------------------------6
2 10 5 6
-----------------------------10
2 2 + 5 10
g ------------------------------10
Challenge 6:11
1 2
1 a ---------------- =
1
2 + 10
7 + 21
------------------------ w ------------------2
14
2 2
---------------10
35
d 0394, ---------15
10 3 5
d --------------------------5
13 2
-------------4
2 3 2
-----------------------6
Rationalising binomial denominators

21
3+1
b ---------------2
7+ 5
--------------------2
10 2
d ----------------------8
25 + 5 2
----------------------23
10 5 + 10 2
g ---------------------------------3
h 3 7+3 3
2 35
------------------- 13
3 22 3
--------------------------2
4 3+3 2
---------------------------30
27 + 10 2
m -------------------------23
19 + 8 3
n ----------------------13
3 36
-------------------- = 3 3 + 6
1
10 + 4 2
----------------------17
o 4 15
72 6
p -------------------5
2 5+ 3 7
b ------------------------------------2
2 a 4
Diagnostic Test 6
b 52
b 16
c m3
c 1000
3 a 37
b x5
c 6m3n5
5 a a
7 a
9
11
12
13
14
15
16
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
1
--9
b x
b
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Indices and surds
1 a 34
2 a 9
8
105 + 3
----------------------66
12
1
--5
c 8a
c
27
-----8
4 a x5
12
or
b 5a3
6 a 1
b 5
2
8 a x
b ----2x
10 a 12x
b 7m3
c 938 107
4
3 3--8
5
b 3
c 2
243 102
b 67 104
130
b 2431 c 46 300 000
43 102
b 597 105
c 4 103
0029 b 0000 093 8
c 0001 004
961 1016
b 464 107
c 14 1012
irrational
b rational
c irrational
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c 2a2b
c 3
9
c ----2x
c 2x
d 12 103
d rational
17 a 2236
b 3606
c 4583
d 6856
18 a 2 5
b 3 3
6 2
d 10 3
19 a
20
175
20 a 6 3
b 5 5
d 5 3
21 a
30
b 6
2 15
d 24
22 a
b 2
c 5
b 5 6
10 + 2 21
d 22
3 2
24 a ---------2
23 a 11 + 5 5
18
80
3+ 3
---------------6
2a2b
d 5 2
5 22
d -------------------10
1 a a5
k 38
2 a 1
3
4
5
6
a
a
a
a
b 12a5
c a3b2
d 12a3b3 e 35
x6
m a11
n m
c 125x9
d 1000a6 e 8x
b 6
216 104
810 000
1024
7
b 5
b
b
b
c
125 102
1267
531 441
8
o 2x
c
c
c
7 a
a3
a2
p ----2
f
70 105
0035
145 800 000
37 = 2187
g 7m
d
d
d
b
h 4y4
156 104
0000 106
351 232
103 = 1000
44
c 28 = 256
ANSWERS
557
8 a m3
10 a 20x
11 a 10 5
b 72a17
c 2
9 a 8
2
2 3
b 2x or ----2c 6m n
x
b 5 7
c 0
d 6 14
b 4
c 27
d 100 000
h 9 + 2 14
5+
5
12 a ------2
2 5+2
13 a -------------------4
2 33
14 a -------------------3
10 + 2 3 +
6
b ------3
7 2
b -------------------5
21 9 5
b ----------------------2
30
mn
2 3+3 2
---------------------------6
c 9 4 5
c
e 20
k m + 2 mn +
6
n
g 3+ 3 5
l
mn
9 24 5
d --------------------------6 10
d 5 2 6
84 36 3 + 21 7 9 21
-----------------------------------------------------------------22
1 a hectare
b cross-section
e picture graph
f column graph
i bar graph
j scatter diagram
2 (1) parallel lines
(2) perpendicular lines
(5) angle ABC or CBA
(6) acute angle
(9) straight angle
(10) reflex angle
3 a 3, 6
b i 20
ii 35
iii 405
5 a 60 dB
b 120 dB
c 106 or 1 000 000
e i 4 times
ii 64 times
iii 32 times
Chapter 7:
c coordinates
g line graph
d tally
h sector (or pie) graph
(3) vertical, horizontal

(7) right angle
(11) revolution
4 $31.63
d 105 or 100 000
(4) concurrent lines

(8) obtuse angle
(12) adjacent angles
Measurement
Exercise 7:01
1
3
4
5
7
8
10
12
13
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
130 cm
b 110 cm
c 110 cm
56 cm
b 1088 cm
412 m
b 424 m
c 46 m
d 33318 m
118 cm b 283 cm c 175 cm
703 cm b 960 m
c 451 m d 2011 mm
x = 17, y = 10
b 72 cm
120 cm
b 94 cm
c 100 cm
b 48 cm
4 50 283 cm (correct to 1 dec. pl.)
760 cm b 681 cm
Challenge 7:01
2 a 28 cm
b 36 cm
c 36 cm
e
6
e
9
11
764 cm f 5824 mm
a 218 cm b 403 cm c 375 cm
467 m
f 778 cm
116 cm
a 2838 m b 61 m
c 1128 m
c 273 cm (correct to 1 dec. pl.)
d 96 cm
14 a 1161 cm b 1311 cm
Staggered starts
2 metres 63 m
Investigation 7:01
Skirting board and perimeter
1 No. One wall is 7600 mm long, which is longer than the largest length of skirting board available (66 m).
2 Total length required = 27 400 (274 m)
3
Note: The following is only one possible solution. The numbers show how the
1
9 skirting boards are used. Joins are indicated by .
7
Board 1 is 3200 mm long (100 mm waste)
8
2
Boards 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 are 3300 mm long.
8
Board 7 is cut into 3 pieces (1000 mm, 400 mm, 1800 mm)
x
6
Board 8 is cut into 4 pieces (600 mm, 1600 mm, 700 mm, 300 mm)
Board 9 is cut into 2 pieces (900 mm, 400 mm)
8
x
3
If joins at corners are not counted the smallest number of joins possible is 4.
9
9
558
x
7
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4
5
7
1
3
8
Boards 1 and 2 (66 m); Board 3 (42 m); Board 4 (33 m);
Boards 5 and 6 (18 m); Board 7 (600 mm); Board 8 (900 mm);
Board 9 (12 m); Boards 10 and 11 (600 mm);
Board 12 (300 mm)
He would have to order: 2 66 m, 1 42 m, 1 33 m, 1 18 m,
1 12 m, 1 900 mm, 3 600 mm, 1 300 mm.
This would only require 1 join and give 11 m of waste.
11
9
12
10
Prep Quiz 7:02

1 2544
2 204
3 3266
4 LB
5 20
6 20
7 20
8 48
9 100
10 10
Exercise 7:02
1
2
3
4
5
6
8
10
11
12
14
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
1 m2
b 10 000 cm2
10 000
b 21
10
b 1 cm2
1 km2 = 1 000 000 m2
696 cm2
b 637 m2
319 cm2
b 1549 cm2
2
571 m
b 13716 m2
4156 cm2
b 1296 m2
2
31142 m
b 2704 m2
3377 cm2
b 8482 cm2
2
6937 m
b 222 m2
Investigation 7:02
c
c
c
b
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
Yes
d 1 m2 = 10 000 cm2
315
d 16 500 m2 or 165 ha
100 mm2
d 1 cm2 = 100 mm2
1 km2 = 100 ha
15876 cm2
d 36 cm2
e 8148 m2
1062 cm2
7 a 9814 m2
b 19142 m2
2
2
106 m
9 a 3108 m
b 504 m2
16887 m2 (correct to 2 dec. pl.)
319975 m2
10307 cm2
13 a 83 cm2
b 164 cm2
2
2
4377 m
15 a 86 cm
b 2449 cm2
f 352 cm2
c 78 m2
c 1588 m2
c 103 cm2
c 3142 cm2
Covering floors
Laying tiles 1 726

2 117
Laying carpet 1 425 m, 2975 m2 waste, no joins
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2 58 m, 8555 m2 waste, yes, there are joins
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Prep Quiz 7:03

1 48 cm2
6
2 25 cm2
3 5 cm
4 12 cm
7 6 cm
5 7
8 8 cm
9 35 cm
10 9 cm
Exercise 7:03
1 a 150 cm2
b 95256 cm2
c 42336 m2
2 Area of top and bottom = 1404 m2
3 a 142 cm2
b 241 cm2
c 648 m2
Area of sides = 252 m2
4 a i 165876 cm2
ii 76027 cm2
iii 241903 cm2
Area of front and back = 8736 m2
b i 42487 cm2
ii 11084 cm2
iii 53571 cm2
Total surface area = 25296 m2
2
2
c i 8822 m
ii 21503 m
iii 30325 m2
d i 12667 cm2
ii 1608 cm2
iii 14275 cm2
2
2
e i 3868 m
ii 7349 m
iii 11217 m2
f i 3870 m2
ii 760 m2
iii 4630 m2
2
2
2
5 a 5655 cm b 1991 m c 1610 m d 5152 m2 e 13210 cm2
f 251 m2
g 63 m2
h 147 m2
6 a x = 5 cm; SA = 96 cm2
b x = 624 cm; SA = 4524 cm2
c x = 640; SA = 66943 cm2
d x = 4002 m; SA = 152677 m2
7 a 3392 cm2
b 2800 cm2
c 324 cm2
d 4704 cm2
e 3659 cm2
f 7968 cm2
2
2
2
8 a 730 cm
b 209 cm
c 147 cm
9 Surface area = (Perimeter of cross-sectional area height of prism) + (2 cross-sectional area) i.e. S = PH + 2A
10 a 12498 cm2 (correct to 1 dec. pl.) b 8189 cm2 (to nearest cm2)
ANSWERS
559
Exercise 7:04
1
2
4
6
a
a
a
a
18 cm2
28 cm2
356 cm2
392 m2
b
b
b
b
22 cm2
38 cm2
4980 cm2
147 m2
Investigation 7:04
c
c
c
c
26 cm2
d 24 cm2
36 cm2
3752 cm2
1547 m2
e 28 cm2
3 a 840 cm2
5 a 312 m2
b 6600 cm2 c 1194 cm2

b 320 m2
c 211 m2
Truncated cubes
You would need to calculate the edge length of the equilateral triangle and use this to find the area of the equilateral
triangle. You would then need to calculate the area of the octagonal face. Counting the number of octagons and triangles
and using the areas already calculated would allow the surface area to be calculated. (Surface area = 4 3 + 42 unit2)
Prep Quiz 7:05

1 11
5 11
3 33 cm3
7 33
2 3
6 3
4 Multiply the answer to question 1 by the answer to question 2.

8 Yes
9 Yes
10 Yes
Exercise 7:05
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
4320 cm3
4934 cm3
2925 cm3
22937 cm3
131 m3
3435747 cm3
13 1351 cm3
62326 cm3
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
Investigation 7:05
4160 cm3
1352 cm3
805266 cm3
60908 cm3
15 000 cm3
2079 m3
1795 cm3
46722 cm3
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
648 cm3
905 cm3
256932 cm3
10222 cm3
132 m3
5625 m3
15837 cm3
d 1155 cm3
e 960 cm3
Perimeter, area and volume
1 a 18 by 12, 20 by 10, 22 by 8, 24 by 6
b
Rectangle 1
Rectangle 2
Rectangle 3
Rectangle 4
Length (L)
Breadth (B)
Area (A)
LB
18
20
22
24
12
10
8
6
216
200
176
144
6
10
14
18
TR
TR
home
home
home
e 625 m2
d 225 cm2
3
b 5730 cm (to nearest whole number); yes
c It increases.
2 a 4500 cm3
Exercise 7:06
1
3
5
7
9
11
13
15
17
12 m3
2 361 m2 (correct to 1 dec. pl.); $732.50
2
a 1399 m b $1433.98
4 a 528 m2
b $79.20
a 168 m2
b 672
c $168
6 a 2448 m2
b 2552 m2
c 1100 bricks would be needed.
2
$1494
8 a 5712 m
b 2808 m2
c Three 4 L cans would be needed.
a 376 m2; $11 280
b 375 000 L
c 280
10 a 23 m2
b 0339 m3 c 432 kg
a 1131 cm3
b 6560 g
12 4800 g
a $45 945
b 15375 m3
c 51 cm
14 769 m2 (correct to 1 dec. pl.)
363 m2 (correct to nearest m2)
16 2045 m2 (correct to 1 dec. pl.)
a 3465 L
b 77 cm (to the nearest cm)
c 235 mm (to the nearest mm)
(Note: (a) the area of 100 mm rainfall is the horizontal area 33 m 105 m)
Investigation 7:06
Wallpapering rooms
112 rolls. Hence you would need to buy 2 rolls.

1 a 18 rolls b 14 rolls c 12 rolls
4 a 22 m
b 43 drops c 688 rolls
Diagnostic Test 7
1
3
5
7
9
11
13
560
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
440 m
30 cm
1114 m
24544 cm2
11714 m2
400 cm2
972 m3
2 16 rolls
3 65 rolls; you would need to buy 7 rolls.
Measurement
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
239 cm
36 m
5712 cm
1452 cm2
36 cm2
704 cm2
19 m3
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
157 mm d 911 m 2 a 34 m
60 cm
4 a 6427 cm
30 m
6 a 60 cm2
134 m2
8 a 714 m2
2
666 m
10 a 6126 m2
35197 cm2
12 a 70518 m3
3
4m
14 a 400 cm3
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
278 m
1535 cm
7686 cm2
19635 cm2
475 m2
12 cm3
768 cm3
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
1502 m
495 m
2583 cm2
58 m2
158 m2
1008 m3
324 cm3
1
3
4
6
7
8
3843 m2; $1537.20

2
a 1292 m2 b 44 m
c 97 m (4 14 + 16 + 25)
8 251 m2
5
(both answers correct to 2 dec. pl.)
a 447 m2
b
a 76 units
b 13929 unit2
c 58213 unit2
d
a 716345 unit3 b 2440 unit2
60 + 25 3 1033 cm2
a 5694 cm b 10436 cm2
050 m3
905385 unit3
1 a complementary angles
e corresponding angles
i reflex angle
2 Rachel is 13 years old
6 a 29/3
b 26/4
c
Chapter 8:
b supplementary angles
c vertically opposite angles
d angles at a point
f alternate angles
g co-interior angles
h straight angle
j revolution
3 4 times, 3 times
4 34
5 4
Hall and Bagnell
d Raine and Harris
e 815 Feb, 1529 March, 2128 June
Equations, Inequations and Formulae
Exercise 8:01
1 a
i
q
2 a
i
b
j
r
b
j
66
13
34
5
3
3 a 3 2--q
4 a
i
q
5 a
i
e
m
u
e
1042
3
01
24
8
19
6
5
3
f
n
v
f
88
07
36
7
g
o
w
g
e 11
5
5 -----
g 6 2---
h 6
o 4 --1-
p 5
g 6
o 1
w 2
g correct
h 1
p 2
x 5
h correct
c 89 4---
9
3 2--3
d 23 2---
4
4 1--2
1 --1-
m 1 --3-
12
7
2
2
correct
correct
r
b
j
r
b
j
65
7
12
2
incorrect
correct
s
c
k
s
c
k
15
1
6
9
correct
correct
t
d
l
t
d
l
3
10
4
2
correct
correct
e
m
u
e
6 a 2
i
d
l
t
d
l
83
2
5
15
4
b 7 3---
c
k
s
c
k
31
6
03
7
3
b 1 --1-
4 1--2
1 4--7
1
--4
e --1-
m 4
s 20
2
--3
u 4 1---
11
5 2--3
3
6
8
f 6
4
n 5
no solution
v 1
correct
f incorrect
5
--6
c 1 --1-
2
2 1--2
4--3
h
p
x
h
8
47
14
1
49
6
352
3
g 1 --1-
h 5
2 1--6
6
2 2--3
TR
TR
home
home
home
3
--4
Prep Quiz 8:02

1 7x + 28
2 2a 6
3 20a + 45
4 12p 42
5 12 3x
6 5
8 9
7 6
10 7
1
--2
Exercise 8:02
1 a 4
k 2
2 a
b 1
l 3
3
--5
c 3
m 3
3 a 4
g 2
q 1
d 1
e 4
n 5 --1-
o 3
c 18
d 4
c 1
c 2
d 2
d 2
4 a 1
5 a 2
f 13
p 8
c 7 3--4
25
b 13
k 3
e 6
o 6
b 1 1--2
k 2
d 5
n 8
5
--7
h 5
r 4
1 1---
4 1---
1
--2
7
h 1 -----
p 1 --1-
q 3
r 12
e 4
g 2
h 2
e 1
e 1
f
f
2
2
g 2
h 2
4
5
10
2 2--7
b 1
b 3
Prep Quiz 8:03

1 0
3 3
2 3
4 3 3---
5 3 1---
6 p
c 36
d 15
e 12
m 29
n 6
o 1
p 3
8 x+7
7 12
9 5m
10 12 p
Exercise 8:03
1 a 24
b 20
11 --2-
k 9
u 2
v 22
2 a correct
28
g 50
h 18
1 3---
q 2
r 6
s 2 --3-
1 --1-
incorrect
g correct
w 17 2---
b incorrect
5
4
c correct
d correct
e incorrect
ANSWERS
561
h correct
3 a 12
k 1
correct
15
-----9
9
--7
incorrect
c 10
k correct
8
--3
12
-----5
incorrect
h 1---
g 3
10
3
-----10
1
--9
Prep Quiz 8:04

1 2, 4, 6
2 5, 10, 15
3 6
4 60
5 3x
6 a
8 2x + 1
7 15x
9 4x 2
10 6x 3
Exercise 8:04
1 a 6
k 12
b 12
l 5
2 a 7 6---
b 14 3---
Challenge 8:04
1 a 2
k
7
----13
1
--6
16
-----31
b 2
4--7
3
--4
c 14 4--7
d 12
n 20
e 20
o 20
d 3 1---
f 30
p 8
7
--8
4
-----11
g 8
q 6
h 15
r 9
g 62
1
h -----
5 4---
h 3 1---
13
30
4 2---
1 --2-
1
1 -----
Equations with pronumerals in the denominator
2 a 4
k
c 48
m 24
3
--8
3
-----11
c 3
4
-----21
d 8
e 3
g 1 --1-
1
--7
h 4 --1-
24
Prep Quiz 8:05

1 7
2 x+3
3 x+y
4 12
5 3x
7 $(50 x)
6 xy
Exercise 8:05
1 a x + 5 = 22; 17
c 8x = 32; 4
x
g 5x 8 = 22; 6 h 4(x + 5) = 56; 9 i --- 5 = 3 ; 16
2
2 a 2x + 3 = 33; 15 b 4x 3 = 25; 7 c 2(x + 3) = 22; 8
3
4
5
6
a
a
a
a
c
7 a
c
8 a
b x 3 = 10; 13
8 $5x
x
d --- = 7 ; 56
8
10 x + 5 years
9 xy
e 2x + 6 = 14; 4 f
3x + 5 = 20; 5
x
x+4
d --- 7 = 1 ; 32 e ------------ = 8 ; 20
4
3
11
b 7
c 17
d 8
13 yrs, 39 yrs b $480, $80
c Anne $25, Joan $18
d Jim $165, Alan $335
e 40 yrs
13
b 19 cm by 13 cm
c 4 kg
d 24 km
$2
b They meet at 2:48 pm when X has travelled 24 km and Y has travelled 16 km.
The son is 28 yrs old and his father is 56 yrs old.
d 3600 litres
Bill is 20 yrs old and Fred is 45 yrs old.
b 16 five-cent coins, 34 ten-cent coins
12
d small tank 900 L; large tank 1200 L
e 50 km
200 L/min, 400 L/min
b 25 km
c 120 km/h d $4800
e 96 cm by 24 cm and 32 cm by 08 cm
Exercise 8:06
b x 3
1 a x0
2 The side to the right of x = 3 1--- .

2
c x 2
2
3 a x<9
7
9 10 11
7 6 5 4 3
4 a m>7
i
m4
5 a m > 8
i
562
x 5
4 3 2 1 0
20
b p7
j
x < 50
b x < 4
j
x < 6
m9
x 10
x0
k p<5
18
c m<2
d y 8 2--5
k x<6
c p 4
d x>2
k x < 5
x<1
5 4 3 2 1
c m < 2
h m<7
m > 18
16
e p 3
g y>5
3
3 12
e x>3
b y>2
d m > 5
d x > 2
e x < 3 3---
x > 2
e x < 2 --1-
x 3 --1-
m x > 2
n x < 6
11
10
12
g x < 15
h y > 12
g x < 4
h x > 3
x > 12
x 8
o x < 12
TR
TR
home
home
home
6 a x>3
i
q
b m<4
y < 1 1--4
m > 2 1--2
b y > 2
y < 1
k x>2
x
e p 1 1---
m x<4
d x 2
e m6
1--2
1--6
b x<
x8
k y1
5 1--2
y 1 --1-
q x 18
c x 1 1---
x 1
8 a x>3
i
d p 1
1 1--2
x < 3 1---
g x4
h p2
n m>3
o x
3 1--2
p x 4 1---
m8
g p>
1
--2
1
--6
h x > 2
r p>3
7 a m < 2
i
x<3
c p3
r y < 1 3--5
m x
e 25x 540 > 2000; x >
o x<
c m 10
d a2
e b 3
m<0
g x < 10
h p > 15
p > 5 --1-
m x1
n x>6
o a8
p b < 2 --1-
s a 2 2---
x > 8 1---
u x 5
b 2x 4 > 9; x > 6 1---
n a
k p<9
3
9 a 3x < 8; x < 2 2---
p<
3 3--4
c 100 4x < 25; x > 18 3---
101 3--5
94 + 2x
d ------------------ > 16 ; x > 49
12
Prep Quiz 8:07

3 3a + 2b
8 300
2 3ab2
7 true
1 2ab
6 xx+yy
4 4xyy
9 8
5 xx+2xy+yy
10 12
Exercise 8:07
1 a
f
k
2 a
3 a
4 a
5 a
A = 864
b
A = 363
g
P = 124
l
i C = 100
ii C = 0
09
b 828
c
71 cm b 199 cm
1844 (to 1 dec. pl.)
A = 54
A = 80
c = 13
iii C = 40
36
d 7296
c
h
m
b
e
A = 27
C = 214
= 105
E = 1875
4
f 48
d
i
n
c
g
A = 1225
V = 26244
= 140
S = 447
189
h 1248
e
j
o
d
i
A = 44
V = 210084
E = 15
V = 2011 cm3
161
c M = 539, N = 485
b 279 (to 1 dec. pl.)
d 40 117
Prep Quiz 8:08

1 x = 163
9 a=5
2 y = 222
10 t = 2
3 x = 49
4 x = 370
5 x = 96
6 y = 183
7 p = 28
8 m = 54
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
10
5
30
2
4
364
313
1128 cm
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
15
4
3 1--3
3
25
04
178
092
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
24
48
04
0
31
135
145
11
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
4 m
5 5
e
e
e
e
e
e
e
e
132
15
56
12
68
132
772
15
40
f
36
f
5
f
06
f
16
100
3778
15
------ or 1875
6
375
3
2
g
g
g
g
h
h
h
h
638
30
12
6
TR
TR
home
home
home
Exercise 8:08
26 2--3
27
1
--2
08
Prep Quiz 8:09

1 25
2 a
3 27
6 a
Exercise 8:09
7 5
1 a x=pm
b x = m np
c x = pq n
b
d x = -a
b 2d
g x = --------------a
25
m x = -----a
a 2y
2 a x = --------------2
R 4r
g x = --------------2r
b+c
h x = ----------a
bc
n x = ----a
p 5t
b x = -------------5
p + 5qy
h x = -----------------5q
P 2B
b L = ---------------2
c 3b
x = -------------a
pL
o x = -----2
y + 21
c x = --------------3
r2 A
i x = -----------------r
C
c d = --
100I
i P = ----------RT
2K
o m = ------v2
3 a y=Ax
g D = ST
h V = RI
P ma
m n = ----------------a
x 2aq
n p = -----------------2a
8 m
9 a=1
10 x = 8 1--3
y
e x = --3
a
k x = -y
b+c
x = ----------a2
x = by
p + qr
d x = -------------q
6a b
e x = --------------6
tv w
x = --------------t
d u = v at
Vu
e a = -----------t
v2 u2
k s = ---------------2a
3V
q H = ------A
E
m = ---c2
Fp
a = -----------c
3V
h = ------- r2
x = ay
P
R = ---I2
mv P
p u = ---------------m
j
l
r
ANSWERS
563
s
y
S r2
h = ----------------r
Ta
d = -----------n1
t
z
E 1--2- mv 2
h = --------------------mg
S(r 1)
a = ------------------rn 1
2ab P
u k = -----------------2a
2A ha
w b = ------------------h
v a = 2A b
q1 q2
x r = ---------F
Prep Quiz 8:10

1 15
2 6
3 13
4 3
6 2 or 8
5 25
7 7
8 3(x + 4)
9 x(x 2)
10 5a(a + 2b)
Exercise 8:10
a
b x = -b
n
1 a x = ---m
g x = L + y2
c2
2 a a = ---b
f
ML 2
a = --------------
N
2a
3 a N = -----3
f
L
x = ----------------------A+B+1
aA
k x = -----------Ab
5
A
a B = --L
M
b V = ---D
3V
c h = ------A
x2 + y2
e a = ----------------y
2
a
f c = ----b
g Y = aX2
gT 2
h l = --------4 2
6y 3b
i a = -----------------2
j
c a = c2 + b
L2 + 1
g a = --------------3
b P2
h a = -------------2
2L 2a
b N = ------------------3
A = 2x 3y
h
k k = --------------1 2h
2x + 6
N = --------------3
e x = ay
564
3m
x = -------n
d a = (c + b)2
PL 2
e a = ------------
M
6L 2M
d N = --------------------3
e N = 3x a
ab
x = -----------a1
nm
d x = ------------- or 1
mn
2
e x = ----------pq
15a
g x = --------8
2a
h x = -----------1a
5y
x = -----------y1
Ba + a
x = ---------------B1
X=A+Y
Vu
t = -----------a
P
I = --R
S
r = -----4
v2 u2
s = ---------------2a
2T 2an
d = ----------------------n(n 1)
X 2 + 4b
a = ------------------4
3V
r = ------h
2A xh
y = ------------------h
S
h = --------- r
2r
Y2
X = ----a2
bR 2
x = --------a
4x 2 t
u = ----------A2
12Z 4Y
X = ----------------------3
6L + 1
N = ---------------5
2y
a = -----------1y
b 1250 cm2
b 40
4 12 cm
3m
x = ------------m1
TR
TR
b = m2n a
v2 u2
s = ---------------2a
c = b 5A
a2
X = ----------ab
3z
x = ----------z1
2 a A = r2
5 a 614 m
home
home
home
Exercise 8:11
1 a 1764 m2
3 a 149
a 2 + b 2 + bL
h N = ----------------------------a
q
b x = ----------ap
S = DT
d b = 2M a
d x = kh
u2
b a = ----3
x = a+b
B
h x = --A
6x + 1 2M
3m u
N = ------------------------------ g N = ----------------3
4
ba
4 a x = ----------2
b 7 cm
b 234 m
6
8
10
12
19 cm
7 P = 2x + D; a 7639 m (correct to 2 decimal places)
a 708 m/s b 48 m/s2 c 65 s
9 a 25 kg
60 cm
11 a $4609
a A = (R2 r2) b 968 cm2
c 36 cm
d 63 cm
13 a V = r2 h +
2
--3
18
r3 or V = r2(h +
2
--3
b 145 m3
r)
c 688 m
b 62 1022 m
14 a 56 10 (correct to 2 significant figures)

15 33 108 coulombs (correct to 2 significant figures)
Diagnostic Test 8
b 6366 m (correct to 2 decimal places)

b 27 m/s
b $4000
c 14%
Equations, inequations and formulae
1 a p=7
b m = 12
c m = 10
2 a x = 4
b a=3
c b = 5
3 a x=2
5 a y = 12
5
7 a m = --2
b a=9
b m = 12
c x = 26
c p = 18
4 a x = 18
6 a m=5
b a=1
b m=9
c m = 14
c p=7
b x = 2
c n=1
8 a a = 12
b m = 24
c x = 60
a
b --- 4 = 4
3
9 a 2a + 7 = 10
b 3x + x + 3x + x = 48; 6, 18
12 a x
b x<
1
--2
14 a 362
9 1--2
b 37268
x + 2b
16 a a = --------------3
x
17 a y = -a
c 3x + 10 = 2(x + 10); 10, 30
c x>5
13 a x < 2
b x < 63
c a<
c 3354
15 a 8
b 15075
c 35
d n = 2
e x=
x=
V2
d x = 6 --23
19
d y = -----6
c 3(a + 6) = 32
10 a x + (x + 5) = 57; 26, 31
11 a
d m = 10
11
d a = -----8
u2
b a = ----------------2s
A2 B
b y = ---------T2
1
--3
Ah
a = ------- b
D
P
y = -----------1P
c
c
TR
TR
1 a
i
2 a
i
3 a
i
m=3
x=1
x = 1
m = 3
x=8
b y = 1
c m=3
b a=6
j x = 9
b m = 15
c m = 1 1---
d x = 6
e n = 11
c x=9
d a = 17
e y=8
n=
k a=
16
--------5
4 a m = 2,
d x
3
--2
g x < 4,
x = 13
70
--------3
b x < 4,
e y<
h x 9,
3
--2
q=
11
-----2
g x = 11
h x=
x=0
g a=
h n=
23
--------11
p=3
g m = 3
2
-----11
h m = 1--3
6
-----29
3
0
10
c n>
2
8
home
home
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1
--5
8
-----5
2
--5
n
11
-----3
a
3
--2
2
1
2
3
11
8
17
5 a 3x + 7 = 15, x = --b 5(x 9) = 30, x = 15
c 8x + 10 = 12x 7, x = -----3
4
3
d x + 4 = 2[(x 12) + 4], ages are 20 and 8
e 12 + x = --- [ 2 + x ], x = 18
2
30
6 a 66
b 8
c 41
7 a 1--b --------c 2--3
3
73
100A
V
RT 2
Q
8 a P = ------------b P = --c P = --------d P = -----------------RT
R
3
QX + 1
3
2
1
2
-----9 a x = --b x = 1 --c x = 1 --d x = ----e x = 13
f
3
3
15
22
5
p=
5
--8
line
1 a reflection
b
h pie
i bar
2 a (1) 15x2
(6) 9x3
(11) 4x4
translation
c rotation
d tessellation
e picture
j scatter diagram
(2) 15x3
(3) 80x2
(4) 60x5
3
4
(7) 30x
(8) 48x
(9) 15x6
(12) 7x11
column
(5) 14x4
(10) 21x6
ANSWERS
565
b (1) 6x + 3
(6) 30x + 10
(11) 22x 77
c (1) 25m4
(6) 81m6
(11) 16m2
d (1) 15x2 + 40x
(6) 9x2 + 63x
(11) 4x2 + 24x
3 a 10 minutes
5 a i 2
6 a
2 1--2
20
ii 2
minutes
30
(2) 4x 2
(7) 6x 48
(12) 8x + 12
(2) 4m6
(7) 4m12
(12) 49m4
(2) 3x2 3x
(7) 12x + 30x
(12) 14x2 21x
b 55 minutes
b i 2
20
b 46
(3) 30x + 10
(8) 60x + 24
(4) 6x 6
(9) 14x + 28
(5) 24x 64
(10) 25x 20
(3) 64m10
(8) 9m6
(4) 36m4
(9) m14
(5) m4
(10) 64m8
(3) 10x2 50x

(8) 12x2 + 120x
(4) 30x2 60x

(9) 10x2 20x
(5) 21x2 + 7x
(10) 3x2 21x
= 1 048 576
9
-----10
ii 230 = 1 073 741 824
c 27
d 73
Chapter 9: Consumer Arithmetic

Exercise 9:01
1 a
f
j
2 a
e
h
i
j
3 a
b
c
4 a
5 a
d
See page 292.

b See page 292.
c See page 292.
d commission
e See page 292.
See page 292.
g See page 292.
h commission and piece work
i See page 292.
wages and commission
$647.50
b $73.20
c $19.25 per hour
d Luke, by $36.75
Shireen by $0.50 a hour
f $782.80
g $883 per week
i $824.10 per week
ii $505.96 per week
iii $746.48 per week
iv $1154.41 per week
i $55 200
ii $37 806
iii $63 660
iv $35 400
The second salary is greater by $28.72 per week.
k The second income is higher by $9.56 per week.
i no
ii no
iii no
iv (1) $69 (2) $170.89 (3) $381.34 (4) $21.16
i (1) $196 (2) $385 (3) $480.55 (4) $504.91
ii $581
iii no
i $300
ii $370
iii $642.40
iv $412.95
$259.83
b $576.50
c $89.50
$518.40
b $1125, $782 profit
c $395.50
i $285.76
ii $190
iii $553.28
iv $478.80
e $377.95, $9.69 per hour
Exercise 9:02
1 a $408
d i $672
g
b $565.15
ii $851.20
c i $108.60
iii $1002.40
No. 53
Name: Tom McSeveny
ii $181
iii $167.43 (to the nearest cent)
iv $253.40
iv $1136.80
e $295.80
f $39.20, 15 hours
Time Card Summary
Whit. Pty Ltd

Rate: $16.20 p.h.
Week
Ending
Number of hours at:
Wage
normal rates
time-and-a-half
double time
21 Jan
35
$567
28 Jan
35
$639.90
4 Feb
35
$615.60
11 Feb
34
55
$716.85
18 Feb
35
75
05
$765.45
2 a i $700
ii $287.70
iii $346.50
iv $485.10
b $2006.90
e $2532, $58 932
f $924.80
g $578.95
h i $500 ii $460
3 a $48 246
b $49 210.92
c i $52 223.02
ii $57 658.44
Exercise 9:03
1 a $200.60 b $303
2 a i $615.10
ii $98.42
566
c $184.95
iii $30.76
d $503.65 e $332.95
iv $399.92
$431.20
d
i $520, 135%
$102 400
TR
TR
home
home
home
Serial no.
Turner, Vicki
Gross
salary
6841672
$32 096
Super units
Entld Held
98
98
Deductions this week
Week
ended
Net pay
Pay advice
no.
18/11/02
$399.92
11364
Pay this week
Tax.
Super.
Mlaneous
Total
Normal
pay
Adjust.
Overtime
Gross
earnings
$98.42
$30.76
$86.00
$215.18
$615.10
$615.10
3 a $329.30, 146%
b $949.25, 345%
c $682.35, 280%
d $466.95, 211%
4 a $42 568
b $2137.02
c $404.75
d i $44 004
ii $39 600
iii Answers will differ, however the lump sum option is attractive since you have the money as well.
iv $24 289.20
e 1333, 1234
5 a $122.39
b 95288
c $4.90
Exercise 9:04
1
2
3
5
a Nil
a $33 942
$3927.70
a $2000
f $1130
b
b
4 a
b
g
c
c
b
c
h
$1119.79
$33 287
$57 006
$1660
$1030
d
d
c
d
$5818
$6366.10
$54 910
$1630
$1030
$19 032.62
e $121 289.58
Balance payable $295.41
$13 442.20
d $1155.85
$1370
e $1370
Exercise 9:05
1 a
Income
Jobs
Allowance
Other
Total
Fixed expenses
200
42
24
Food
Loan
School Needs
Savings
266
Total
Variable expenses
50
36
16
20
Clothes
Entertainment
Gifts
48
48
48
122
Total
TR
TR
home
home
home
144
Total expenses = $266

b 75% (to one decimal place).
2 a
Income
Fixed expenses
Monthly income
after tax
1482
rent
elec./tel/water
medical
Total
Variable expenses
608
86
164
food
fares
clothing
ent./sport
other
858
Total
$
182
72
44
84
50
432
Total expenses = $1290

b $192, 1296% (to 2 decimal places)
c No, it is not possible unless he reduces his expenses by at least
$12 per month. He could reduce food, clothing, entertainment/sport or other.
3 Each answer will be different.
4 Each answer will be different.
Exercise 9:06
1 a
a $68.50
b $131
f $411 for 4
k $109.60
v $82.20
q From $117 to $137
b 14% discount, $1.25

c i $1.80 ii 15%
d The first direct buy price by $9 per 60 L. The second sale
price if 1 hour of time and wear and tear on the car is valued at more than $4.40
e Robyns for $130.
2 a Nap peas
b Corn Flakes at 0.52c/g
c 6 L of Vanilla, $10
d Yet tea
e Barbeque is most expensive
3 a i $17.05
ii $12.20
iii $7.85
iv $2.90
v $11.95
vi $15.70
b i $21.55, $78.45
ii $30.80, $69.20
c $63.40, $36.60
Prep Quiz 9:07

1 $2
2 35c
3 71c
4 $1.44
5 $6
6 84c
7 $6.16
8 $139.70
9 $60
10 $8.40
ANSWERS
567
Exercise 9:07
1 a $7
i $12.46
2 a $66
i $9.46
3 a $2
i $4.25
4 a $70
i $12.60
5 $0.58
7 a $10.56
b
j
b
j
b
j
b
j
c $4.62
$12
$74.22
$165
$30.14
$10
$31.80
$120
$37.50
d $5.97
c $242
k $62.10
c $15
k $91.30
c $180
k $215.50
6 a $0.82
b $5.60 and $9.30
d
l
d
l
d
l
b
c
e $86.30
$814
e $82.50
f
$21.59
$26
e $5.60
f
$112.50
$250
e $14
f
$1125.80
$0.96
c $1.44
$20.90, $61.60 and $45.10
$1274
g $9.76
h $14.24
$123.20
g $377.30
h $1041.70
$5.20
g $1.20
h $78.20
$26
g $97
h $115
Exercise 9:08
1 a See page 317.
b See page 317.
c See page 317.
d See page 317.
2 a $143.80, $56.80
b $1866, $576
c $1138.40, $536.80
d i $874, $144
ii $1019.20, $289.20
iii $1165.60, $435.60
iv $1309.60, $579.60
v $1456, $726 vi $2182, $1452
e $17 180, $2566.70
3 a $17.60
b $79.05
c $80 discount, 25%
d 30%
e $650
f $62
g 11%
h $198
4 $72
5 $1338.75
6 a $405
b $459
c $197.60
d $717.72
e $1701.77
7 a $45.50, 43%
b $22 458, $127.3% (The amount borrowed was $10 050 $300.)
c 9%
d $14.76
8 a $359.04
b $359.04
c Yes
d No
e 252%
f 28%
9 a 1812%
b 312544%
c 22195%
d 17978 156 25%
Exercise 9:09
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
9
11
16
Selling price
Cost price
2 146
$ 1 645
468
$ 27 940
$13 650
$121 610
$85 420
58.75
$
$
647
95.50
Profit (or loss)

$
501
179
Money received
Expenses
$ 3 816.50
$ 1 308.50
Profit (or loss)

$ 2 508
$
846.60
$ 9 339
916
$ 8 423
$14 290
$27 648
$25 154
$ 2 494
$36 190
$23 370
$ 7 684
$15 686
36.75
491.80
354.80
a 30.5% profit
b 27.7% loss
c 385% loss
d 104.7% profit
e 42.4% profit
f 657% profit
g 721% loss
h 902% profit
i 90% profit
j 671% profit
i 99% profit
j 2041% profit
a $22
b 786%
c 44%
a $38.40
b $21
c $12.47
$29 574
8 The discount price is $40.32 in each case.
C : S.P. = 100:140 cost = $220, profit = $88
10 a $300, $330
b $4, $4.40
c $60.50, $66.55
$180, loss = $36
12 $15 600, loss = $4680
13 $104
14 $102.03
15 $457.60
$726
17 a $1485
b $1080
c 1375%
Diagnostic Test 9
Consumer arithmetic
1 a i $310
ii $580
4 a $39 430
b $36 626
e Refund of $5883.31
6 a $7.37
b $59.29
7 a $5003.20, $2003.20
9 a $526.50 b $850
b
c
f
c
b
$124.95
2 a $567
b $301
3 a $355.95
b 18.4%
$549.39 d $7367.80 ($7917 if you have included the Medicare levy)
$68.50
5 a 50 kg size
b 660 mL for $3.75
$2.95
d $19.50
$980.80, $288.80
8 a $402.50
b $588, 14%
c $32 000
10 a 130%
b $3640.90, 725%
1
2
3
4
a
a
a
a
i $672
ii $798
b $635
c $1090
d $2124.40
i 21 kg for $59.60
ii 21 kg pack for $59.60
b $140.64 c 14182
$52 010
b $12 224.20
c $507.80 (without considering Medicare)
$32.89
b $29.60
c No
d approx. 91%
5 a 40%
b approx. 34%
1 a
f
2 a
f
568
four cubed
that is
square
pentagon
b
g
b
g
the cube root of 2

pi
rectangle
hexagon
c
h
c
h
per cent
the sum of
parallelogram
octagon
d
i
d
i
therefore
the mean
rhombus
kite
e
j
e
j
for example
probability of event E
trapezium
circle
TR
TR
home
home
home
3 15
5 a 10 km
6 a $1800
4 $31.63
b 20 km
b $1400
Chapter 10:
c 11:30 am d Bill
c $37.50
e 11:30 am f
g 30 km
50 km
h 90 km
Coordinate geometry
Prep Quiz 10:01

1 C
2 5
3 13
5 4
20 = 2 5
6 3
7 4
8 3
9 5 units
10 5 units
Exercise 10:01
1 a 10
2
BC
AC
AB
b 5
a
4
5
41
20 = 2 5
3 a
4 a 5
g
20
5 a
c
c
2
6
40
b
3
3
18
58
b
b 10
h
5
e 13
29
f
6
3
45
53
c
c 5
i
89
b (1, 2)
20 = 2 5 units
29
d
d 10
j
17
13 units; DC =
13 units; AD =
BD =
32 units; AC = 2 units
AB =
40 units = 2 10 units; BC =
41
e
e 13
k
26
f
f
l
40 = 2 10
13
2
d (7, 2)
106 units
50 units = 5 2 units; AC =
6 a AB = 5 units; BC =
b AB =
d
e
6
4
52
34
d
7
6
85
41 units
5 units; BC =
5 units
d EF = FG = GH = HE =
e 5
10 units
40 units = 2 10 units. Since two sides are equal the triangle is isosceles.
g 13 units
Prep Quiz 10:02

1 7
2 1
3 7
4 1
5 7
6 1
7 3
8 3
9 1
10 1
TR
TR
Exercise 10:02
1 a (3, 3)
2 a (2 --1- , 2 --1- )
g
( 1--2
, 5)
b (1, 1)
c (0, 1)
d (1, 3)
e (1 1--- , 0)
b (3 --1- , 7)
c (4, 3)
d (0, 2 --1- )
e (4, 6)
(4 --1- , 5 --1- )
d (2, 1)
e (2, 2)
(1, 2)
e (2, 2)
(5 --1- , 5 --1- )
2
( 1--2
3 a (4, 7)
2 1--2
(1 1--2
b (3, 7)
c (6, 4)
g (4, 8)
h (3, 1)
4 a ( --1- , 3)
b (7 --1- , 1)
c (5, 0)
g (87, 70)
h (70, 26)
5 a i (2 1--- , 2)
ii (2 1--- , 2)
(4, 5 1--- )
2
d ( --1- , --1- )
2
(262, 76)
iii Yes
b (3, 8)
6 a k=0
7 1--2
iv The diagonals bisect each other.
c i (4, 3)
ii (4, 3)
iii Yes
b d = 15, e = 6 c (16, 0)
iv The diagonals bisect each other.

d (7, 2)
7 a C is (4 1--- , 5 1--- ); D is (8, 7); E is (11 1--- 8 1--- )
b B is (29, 16); C is (8, 7); E is (22, 13)
8 a AC and BD are the diagonals.

Midpoint of BD is (4, 2)
Midpoint of AC is (4, 2)
Diagonals have the same midpoint.
Diagonals bisect each other.
ABCD is a parallelogram.
b Length of both diagonals = 80 units.

Midpoint of both diagonals = ( 1--- , 1)
2
Diagonals bisect each other.
Figure has equal diagonals that bisect each other.
The figure is a rectangle.
home
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home
Prep Quiz 10:03

1 EF
2 A and B
3 C and D
4 E and F
5 B and C
6 D and E
7 F and G
8 up
9 down
10 not at all
Exercise 10:03
1 a positive
b positive
c negative
2 a 5
b 5
b 4---
4 a 1--2
1
--5
1
--2
d negative
e positive
3 a
1
--2
b 2
1
--2
ANSWERS
569
5 a
Line
AB
CD
EF
GH
1---
1---
Gradient
6 a and b
b AB and CD; EF and GH

c AB and CD; EF and GH
7 a
c Yes
i
2
1
--3
1
--6
5
--6
b 4
1
--5
m 1
n 2 --1-
q 0
r 0
1
--2
1
--4
8
--3
o 4
d
h
l
2
--5
1
--2
p 2
1
2
2x
1
2
8 a 5
c i 1---
b 2
ii 1---
iii 1---
iv 1--2
d If three points lie on the same straight line, then the intervals joining one of the points to the other two must have
13 5
21 13
the same gradients. Using (2, 5) and (2, 13), m = --------------- = 2 ; Using (2, 13) and (6, 21), m = ------------------ = 2
2 2
62
As the intervals joining (2, 13) to the other two points have the same gradient, the points are collinear.
1
--4
9 a i
1
--4
ii 2 1--- , 2 1--2
iii ABCD is a parallelogram since it has opposite sides parallel.
b AB and DC have a gradient of --2- and, hence, are parallel. AD and BC have a gradient of 1 and, hence, are parallel.
7
Since there are two pairs of parallel sides, ABCD is a parallelogram.
10 AB and CD have a slope of 1--- and hence are parallel. AD and BC have a slope of 4 and hence are parallel. Since there
4
are two pairs of parallel sides, ABCD is a parallelogram. Also AB = AD = 153 units. Hence ABCD is a
parallelogram with a pair of adjacent sides equal. ABCD is a rhombus.
Investigation 10:03
Gradients in building
1 a C
b B
3 a 1 1--- m
c A
1
--2
2 a 8m
b 56 m
4 No, he would need a run of 112 m. He could curve the rampway across the slope.
Exercise 10:04
1a y=x+1
b y = 2x
5
3
1
1
3 1 1
1
2x
3x +
y=
3 1
1
y
7
y
7
y=
y
7
570
c y = 3x + 1
5x
3 1 1
1
3
5x
c 128 m
TR
TR
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d y = 6 2x
e y=x+3
y
7
y
7
y=
2x
1
3 1
1
1
3 1
1
5x
2 a
5x
y
7
y
7
5
5
x
y
7
1
y
4x
4x
4 2
y
4
3x
y=
1
3 1
1
3x
3x
4x
TR
TR
home
home
home
4x
y=
4 2
4x
The lines are parallel.
4 2
4x
The lines all pass through

the origin.
4 2
1
2x
x
=
y
=
y
y=
2x
3x
y=
y=
2x
2x
y
6
y=
y
6
2x
+
y
6
y=
y=
y
5
2x
y
4
4 2
y=
1
3 1
1
3
y
4
5x
3
y
y
0
y
5
3 1
1 1
3
y
4
4 2
3 1
1
5x
2x
1
3 1
1
4x
The lines are concurrent

at (1, 1).
6 a, b, d
7 a yes
b yes
c (7, 2)
d (5, 0)
8 a A: x = 4, B: x = 1, C: x = 3, D: y = 3, E: y = 1, F: y = 4
b A: x = 3, B: x = 2, C: x = 4, D: y = 4, E: y = 2, F: y = 2
ANSWERS
571
y
5
4
3
2
1
5 4 3 2 10
1
2
3
4
5
5 4 3 2 10
1
2
3
4
5
y
5
4
3
2
y=0 1
5 4 3 2 10
1
2
3
4
5
x=5
1 2 3 4 5 x
y = 1
y=2
1 2 3 4 5 x
y = 5
x = 4
y=0
1 2 3 4 5x
y
4
6x
0 1 23
4x
x-intercept is 2
y-intercept is 6
e
x-intercept is 1
y-intercept is 2
x-intercept is 2
y-intercept is 4
f
3
2
2
4x
2x
1
3
x-intercept is 2
y-intercept is 4
13 a
4
3
2
1
4x
572
y
2
1
1
2x
0
2
3
2x
4x
y
4
3
2
1
2
2
y
2
1
21
1 2 3 4x
2
x-intercept is 1--2
y-intercept is 2
x-intercept is 1
y-intercept is 3
b
1 2 3 4 5 x
The lines in a and c enclose square regions.
2 1 1 2 3 4 x
2
5 4 3 2 10
1
y = 2
2
3
4
5
1 2 3 4 5
x
y = 2
10 A: y = x, B: y = x 2, C: y = 2x, D: x + y = 3, E: 2x + y = 2, F: 2x + y = 0
11 a C
b D
c A
d B
12 a
y
5
4
y=4
3
2
1
x=3
x=0
x=5
y=3
x=2
5 4 3 2 10
1
2
3
4
5
y
5
4
3
2
1
x=1
x=2
y
5
y=4
4
3
2
1
x=0
9 a
x=2
4x
y
4
3
2
1
2
0
2
3
TR
TR
home
home
home
Prep Quiz 10:05

1 0
2 b
Investigation 10:05
1
Line
4 1
3 2
5 2
1
--2
8 (0, 1)
7 (0, 2)
9 Yes
10 Yes
What does y = mx + b tell us?
Equation
Gradient
y-intercept
Line
Equation
Coefficient
of x
Constant
y=x+2
y=x+2
y=x2
y=x2
y=
y=
y =
1
--2
1
--2
y=
1
--2
1
--2
y = 2x + 2
y = 2x + 2
y = 2x 3
y = 2x 3
1
--2
1
--2
x+1
x1
1
--2
1
--2
x+1
x1
1
1
3 The gradient of the line is the same as the coefficient of x. The y-intercept of the line is the same as the constant.
4 y = 2x + 3
5 It tells us that m is the gradient and b is the y-intercept.
Exercise 10:05
1 The gradient is stated first.
a 2; 3
b 5; 1
c 3; 2
k 1; 2 l
3; 1
2 a y = 4x + 9
f
y=
2
--3
1
--2
d 1; 6
n
;4
b y = 2x + 3
x4
3
--4
g y = 3x + 1
; 2
e 4; 0
o
1
--3
1; 0
p 3; 4
;5
c y = 7x 1
g 1; 2
h 5; 1
q 4; 2
r --1- ; 3
h y = 2x 3
y = 5x + 1--2
1
1
--- ; 4; y = --3
3
x
; 3; y = --- + 3
c 1--- ; 2; y = 1--- x + 2
d
2
2
4
x
3x
f 1; 2; y = x 2 g 1--- ; 2 1--- ; y = --- 2 1--h 3--- ; 0; y = -----6
2
2
2
6
2
4 a E
b B
c D
d G
e F
f A
5 (In each part the gradient is stated first.)
a 2; 5
b 3; 3
c 2; 4
3 a 2; 1; y = 2x + 1
d y = 5x 2
1
--4
g 3; 2
h 2; 4
i 2; 7
j 1; 4 k 1--- ; 1 1--2
2
6 a yes
b no
c yes
d yes
7 a 2x y + 6 = 0; y = 2x 3
b x + y = 3 and y = x + 8
y
y
y
8 a
b
c
3; 5
x+4
d 2; 1
6; 4
e y=
j
m 3; 2
1
--2
2; 3
x+5
y = x + 1 1--2
e 3; 1; y = 3x 1
f 6; 12
e 5; 8
n 3--- ; 3
2
2
--5
1
--5
TR
TR
home
home
home
2
1
x
2
1
x
1
0
x
0
ANSWERS
573
y
3
9 a
b
m=1
2 1
m=0
y
3
10 a 2
b 2
c 1--2
2x
2 1
e 4
2x
1
m = 1
4
--3
1--3
m=2
Prep Quiz 10:06

1 3
2 5
3 11
4 0
5 4
6 5
7 1
8 2
9 3
10 0
Exercise 10:06
1 a 1
2 a y = 2x + 1
g y = 5x + 5
b 2
b y = 5x
c 5
c y = 3x 4
h y=
1
--2
x+3
3 a y = 2x 4
b y = x + 3
g y = 4x
h y = 2x 8
y=
1
--4
d 5
d y = 4x + 10
x+2
c y = 3x + 6
i
f
f
11
y = 2x + 7
e y = 3x
y = 4x + 2
y = 1--- x 3
2
d y = 3x + 1
y = 2x 2
e 2
e y = x + 6
y=
1
--2
x+
3 1--2
Exercise 10:07
c 2
d 5
e 1--4
b y=x+4
c y = 2x + 7
h y=x
i y = 5x + 3
b y = 3x + 15
c y = 4x + 4
1 a 4
b 1
2 a y = 4x 8
g y = 3x
3 a y = 2x + 2
4 a m of AB = 1, m of BC = 3, m of AC = 3--c 3, 7,
1--5
1
g 3
h 1
i 5
j 3
d y = 5x + 9
e y = 1--- x + 1 1--f y = x + 7
4
2
j y = 3x
d y = 2x + 4, 10 = 2(3) + 4
e y=x+1
b y = x + 3, y = 3x + 7, y = 3--- x
d y=1
e m = 0, b = 1
1
--5
5 a y = 2x + 4, 2 = 2(3) + 4 b Equation of AB is y = 2x 2. Substitute C (3, 8): 8 = 2(3) 2. C lies on AB

c Equation of line joining (2, 11) and (3, 4) is y = 3x 5. Substitute (4, 7): 7 = 3(4) 5. the points are collinear.
6 a 3x + 7y + 5 = 0
b 6x 5y 8 = 0
c 470x + 270y + 91 = 0
d 42x + 138y + 29 = 0
Prep Quiz 10:08

1
1
--2
2 yes
1
--2
4 no
5 m1 = 1--3
6 m2 = 3
7 m1m2 = 1
8 m3 = 2
9 m4 =
1
--2
10 m3m4 = 1
Exercise 10:08
1 a yes
b no
c yes
2 a yes
b yes
c yes
3 a 2x y + 6 = 0 and y = 2x 3
d yes
e yes
f
d yes
e no
f
b x + y = 3 and y = x + 8
4 a x + 2y = 4, y = 05x + 5
b y = 1 --1- x + 2, y =
5
6
7
8
9
10
c
a
a
a
a
a
a
m of AB is 1; m of BC is 1 AB BC (since m1m2 = 1)
y = 5x + 3
b y = 3x 1
c y=x+3
y = 3x + 5
b y=x+3
c y = 2x
y = 5x 7
b y = 3x + 3
c y = 3x + 5
x + 2y 8 = 0
b x 3y 1 = 0
c x + 3y 15 = 0
2x 3y 18 = 0 b 3x 4y + 11 = 0 c 2x 3y 1 = 0
A (148, 12); B (2, 12); C (0, 25); D (2, 17); E (1, 0)
2
--3
g yes
h yes
g yes
h yes
c AB and CD
yes
yes
x
d
d
d
d
d
y = x + 10
y = 1--- x + 15
2
y = 3
y = 3
-----a = 29
e y = 3
e x=3
Prep Quiz 10:09

1 x=3
10
2 x>3
3 x<3
4 3 2 1 0
574
4 x=0
5 x<0
6 x0
7 x = 1
8 x > 1
9 x < 1
TR
TR
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home
home
Exercise 10:09
1 a x < 1
2 a
y
c y 2x + 6
b y3
b
d x+y3
c
y
e y < 2x
d
x=1
5 x
2
1
2x
y=
4 x
y y
y=2
2x + 3y 6 = 0
y=0
3
3 a
4 a
y
3
TR
TR
3
3
x
x
x
3
e
home
home
home
y
6
6
3
5 a
y
3
y
6
y
6
3
1
3
3
3
3
x
3
6 a y > 1 x > 1
b x+y>3x2
c y x y x
ANSWERS
575
7 a
y
2
1
x
2
8 a
y
4
3
2
1
y
6
1 2 3 4 x
9 a y 2 x 2 y x
c y --1- x + 1 y
2
Diagnostic Test 10
1 a
1
--2
b y x + 2 y x 2 y x + 2 y x 2
x + 1 y 2x 4 y 2x 4
Coordinate geometry
34
2 a 10
3 a (4, 6)
b (4, 1 1--- )
c (1, 2 1--- )
4 a 1
b 2
5 a 4
7 a
b 1---
6 a yes
c
b no
c yes
45 = 3 5
61
2
--3
y
2
2 1 0
1
2 1 0
1
2 x
13
17
1
--2
y
3
TR
TR
2
2 3 x
1
1 0
3
8 a x-int. = 1 --1-
b x-int. = 6
y-int. = 3
9 a
y-int. = 2
b
y
y
3
y-int. = 2
c
1 0
1
2 3 x
1 0
1
2
1
1
3 2 1 0
1
2 3 x
10 a y = 3x + 2
b y=
11 a 3x y + 2 = 0
b x 2y 6 = 0
c x+y3=0
12 a grad. = 2; y-int. = 3
b grad. = 2; y-int. = 3
c grad. = 1; y-int. = 4
13 a y = 4x + 6
b y = 2--- x + 1
c y = 5--- x
14 a y = 2x + 2
b y = 3x + 6
c y=
15 a y = 2x 1
b y = 3x 1
c y=
16 a y = 4x + 2
b y = 3x + 10
c y = --3- x +
d y=
1
--2
x+
17 a x 1
576
c x-int. = 4
4 1--2
1
--2
x3
(or x 2y + 9 = 0)
b y 2x
c y=3x
1
--2
4
--3
x+1
1
--2
x
2
5
--2
(or 3x + 2y 5 = 0)
c 2x y + 2 0
home
home
home
18 a
y
4
y
4
3 2 1 0
1
2 3
4 x
3 2 1 0
1
2
3
3 4 x
2
3

1 a
65
7
--4
c (4, 1 1--- )
2
2 a 13
3 a 7x 4y 22 = 0
4 a (0, 3); y = x 3
b y = 1--- x + 6; 12
169 1--2
c 4x + 7y 59 = 0
12
-----5
= 24
c (4 1--- , 11)
2
c y = 2x + 6
6 9x + 6y 8 = 0
5 XY = YZ = 20
XYZ is isosceles
slope of YZ = 2
slope of YX = 1--2
slope of YZ slope of YX = 1
YZ is perp. to YX
XYZ = 90
XYZ is right-angled and isosceles.
7 2x 7y + 22 = 0
8 x0yx+2yx

1 a 1
3 a 53%
5 126 984
b 31, 35, 39, 43, 47, 51, 55, 59 minutes

b 12 cm
c 68%, 46%, 31%, 21%
2 4
4 a 6
6 a
1
b 3
b
TR
TR
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Another solution is possible.
Chapter 11:
Factorising algebraic expressions
Prep Quiz 11:01

1 2x + 10
2 4x2 x
3 6a2 + 21a
4 2m2 + 6mn
7 {1, 30, 2, 15, 3, 10, 5, 6}
8 4
9 6
10 10
5 {1, 12, 2, 6, 3, 4}
6 {1, 20, 2, 10, 4, 5}
Exercise 11:01
1 a
g
2 a
g
m
s
3 a
g
m
s
4 a
g
m
5 a
f
4(x + 2)
n(m p)
2(x + 5)
9(x 5)
m(p + n)
m(4 n)
3a(x + 2y)
2m(5m 2n)
xa(x y)
ap(p a)
2(a + 3)
7(y 5)
p(4 + p)
a(b + c + d)
2(x + 2y 3z)
b
h
b
h
n
t
b
h
n
t
b
h
n
6(a + 3)
c
a(b c)
i
2(3a + 2)
c
4(4 3a)
i
a(x + y)
o
t(x 1)
5m(n 2p)
c
4x(3x + y)
i
5x(a 2y)
o
ab(5 ab)
5(x + 3)
c
2(3a 2)
i
x(3 + 2x)
o
b x(3 + y + z)
g 5(2a b + 3c)
4(2a 3)
2a(x + 2y)
7(y + 3)
3(3x + y)
x(x + y)
d
j
d
j
p
5(x + 2y)
y(y 5)
4(7 + x)
5(a + 2b)
p(p q)
2b(2a 3c)
bc(a + d)
ap(a 5)
d 3q(3p 2r)
j pq(a b)
p xy(y + z)
e
k
e
k
q
7(3x 2y)
at(5 3a)
3(9 y)
5(3m 4n)
a(p + 3)
e 5x(x 2y)
k xy(z + 1)
q 5b(2a 3c)
f
l
f
l
r
3(4pq 5x)
mn(7 n)
6(4x + 1)
2(2b 3a)
x(5 + a)
f 3a(b + 2a)
l mn(1 p)
r xy(5x 3y)
4(2m + 3)
d 5(2x + 1)
e 4(2x 1)
f 3(n 3)
x(x + 3)
j m(m + 1)
k x(3x 2)
l 5y(y 2)
m(1 7m)
p 2a(2 9a)
c m(m 3 + n)
d a(7 b + a)
e p(p + q 5)
h 3(3x2 + 2x 4)
i 2(4 2x + 3x2)
j 5(5 + 3y 4y2)
ANSWERS
577
k
p
6 a
f
k
7 a
f
k
p
u
x(xy 3y + 1)
mn(1 + 4m 8n)
(a + 2)(a + 3)
(t 7)(t 9)
(p 3)(p 3)
3(3x + 2)
6y(2 y)
x(x + 3)
(a + x)(2 + b)
(a + 3)(a 1)
2a(b 2c + 5)
m 3x(x + 2y 3)
n xy(x + 1 + y)
o ab(ab + 3a + 2b)
b
g
l
b
g
l
q
(m + 2)(m + 4)
(m 3)(4 + 3m)
(5x + 3)(1 x)
5(2 + 3a)
b(a x)
5a(3 b)
(3 + b)(x + 2)
c (x 1)(x + 5)
h (7x + 1)(2x 5)
d (b + 1)(b 5)
i (a + 3)(x 1)
e (y 2)(7 y)
j (2y 1)(y 1)
c
h
m
r
2(2m 3n)
s(t 1)
x(3 + x a)
(x 1)(y 3)
d
i
n
s
x(x + 7)
2b(2a + 5c)
a(x + y + z)
5a(b 3c + 2d)
e
j
o
t
a(2a 3)
2(2m 3n)
2(2m 4n + 3p)
x(x 7 + y)
Prep Quiz 11:02

1 3(a + 6)
2 x(5 + a)
3 p(q x)
9 (a + 1)(9 + x)
10 (x + y)(x 1)
4 3x(a 3b)
5 x(x 2)
6 a2(a + 1)
7 3(3 a)
8 5(m + 2)
Exercise 11:02
1 a
f
2 a
f
k
p
3 a
f
(a + b)(2 + x)
(q 2)(q 2)
(a + b)(p + q)
(3p 4)(4p + q)
(y 1)(x + 1)
(x + z)(x + y)
(y + z)(x w)
(ax 1)(x 1)
b
g
b
g
l
q
b
(x + 7)(a + p)
(x + y)(1 + a)
(3 + x)(a + b)
(b + 3)(a + c)
(2 + y)(4a 1)
(a + 4)(11 + c)
(a + c)(b d)
c
h
c
h
m
r
c
(x y)(m + x)
(x 2)(1 3y)
(m + 3p)(n + 5)
(x + 1)(y + 4)
(m + 1)(n + 1)
(a 1)(a2 + 1)
(a + 3)(5 b)
d (m + n)(x y)
e (2 x)(a2 + 7)
d (a + c)(a + b)
i (a2 + 1)(a + 1)
n (x + m)(x + y)
e (3x + y)(3x 4)
j (p + r)(q + 5)
o (x + w)(x y)
d (x 4)(6 y)
e (y + 2)(11 x)
Prep Quiz 11:03

1 4
2 7
3 11
4 x
5 3x
7 x2 4
6 8x
8 x2 25
9 49 a2
10 9m2 4n2
Exercise 11:03
1 a
e
i
m
q
2 a
e
i
m
(x 2)(x + 2)
(y 10)(y + 10)
(7 y)(7 + y)
(3a 2)(3a + 2)
(5p a)(5p + a)
2(x 4)(x + 4)
6(2a b)(2a + b)
4(x 4)(x + 4)
2(2a 3m)(2a + 3m)
Challenge 11:03
b
f
j
n
r
b
f
j
n
(a + 4)(a 4)
(x 11)(x + 11)
(a b)(a + b)
(4x 1)(4x + 1)
(m 9n)(m + 9n)
3(x 6)(x + 6)
3(x 3y)(x + 3y)
3(x 1)(x + 1)
5(5 2a)(5 + 2a)
c
g
k
o
s
c
g
k
o
(m + 5)(m 5)
(3 x)(3 + x)
(x a)(x + a)
(5p 3)(5p + 3)
(10a 3b)(10a + 3b)
4(a 5)(a + 5)
8(y 4)(y + 4)
2(6p 1)(6p + 1)
2(10x 3y)(10x + 3y)
Volume of part 2
bbb
Volume of part 3
Volume of part 4
(a b) a b
a a (a b)
(a b) b b
a = b + (ab b ) + (a b ab ) + (a a b)
a3 b3 = (a b)b2 + (a b)ab + (a b)a2
= (a b)(a2 + ab + b2)
1 (m n)(m2 + mn + n2)
2 (x y)(x2 + xy + y2)
2
4 (m 3)(m + 3m + 9)
5 (x 10)(x2 + 10x + 100)
7 (4 n)(16 + 4n + n2)
8 (3 k)(9 + 3k + k2)
10 (4x 5y)(16x2 + 20xy + 25y2)
11 (5x 2y)(25x2 + 10xy + 4y2)
3
(p 9)(p + 9)
(1 n)(1 + n)
(y + a)(y a)
(7 2a)(7 + 2a)
(9x + 11y)(9x 11y)
5(y 2)(y + 2)
5(4p q)(4p + q)
2(1 3x)(1 + 3x)
2(7m 2n)(7m + 2n)
The difference of two cubes (Extension)
Volume of part 1
3
d
h
l
p
t
d
h
l
p
3
6
9
12
(a 2)(a2 + 2a + 4)
(y 5)(y2 + 5y + 25)
(2m 3)(4m2 + 6m + 9)
(3m 7n)(9m2 + 21mn + 49n2)
Prep Quiz 11:04

1 x2 + 5x + 6
7 4, 5
2 a2 + 2a 3
8 5, 3
3 m2 9m + 14
9 4, 1
4 x2 + 10x + 25 5 a2 4a + 4
10 9, 2
6 3, 2
Exercise 11:04
1 a
f
k
p
u
578
(x + 3)(x + 1)
(x + 5)(x + 5)
(x + 6)(x + 9)
(x 5)(x 4)
(x 2)(x + 1)
b
g
l
q
v
(x + 2)(x + 1)
(x + 6)(x + 6)
(x + 9)(x + 4)
(x + 3)(x 1)
(x 12)(x + 2)
c
h
m
r
w
(x + 5)(x + 1)
(x + 7)(x + 3)
(x 2)(x 2)
(x + 4)(x 3)
(x 10)(x + 3)
d
i
n
s
x
(x + 6)(x + 1)
(x + 6)(x + 3)
(x 6)(x 6)
(x + 6)(x 2)
(x 8)(x + 7)
e
j
o
t
(x + 5)(x + 4)
(x + 10)(x + 4)
(x 4)(x 3)
(x + 10)(x 3)
TR
TR
home
home
home
2 a
f
k
p
u
3 a
f
k
(a + 4)(a + 2)
(n + 14)(n + 3)
(p 8)(p + 3)
(a + 21)(a 3)
(a 18)(a 4)
2(x + 2)(x + 1)
3(x + 3)(x + 4)
3(a 9)(a + 4)
b
g
l
q
v
b
g
l
(m + 6)(m + 3)
(s + 18)(x + 3)
(y + 3)(y 2)
(y + 11)(y 5)
(p + 6)(p + 16)
3(x 3)(x + 1)
4(a 5)(a + 2)
5(x + 10)(x 7)
c
h
m
r
w
c
h
(y + 6)(y + 7)
(a + 4)(a + 14)
(x + 8)(x 1)
(x 1)(x 1)
(q 15)(q + 3)
5(x 4)(x + 2)
2(n + 3)(n + 1)
d
i
n
s
x
d
i
(p + 3)(p + 4)
(x 4)(x + 1)
(q + 8)(q 3)
(k 3)(k 2)
(m 11)(m + 7)
2(x + 4)(x + 4)
5(x 4)(x 2)
e
j
o
t
(x + 2)(x + 10)
(a 4)(a + 2)
(m + 15)(m 3)
(x 9)(x 4)
e 3(x 11)(x + 1)
j 3(x 3)(x 4)
Exercise 11:05
1 a iii
b iv
c ii
d iv
2 a (2x + 1)(x + 3)
b (3x + 2)(x + 2)
c (2x + 3)(x + 2)
d (2x + 1)(x + 5)
e (3x + 2)(x + 1)
f (2x + 5)(x + 3)
g (x + 3)(4x + 1)
h (5x + 2)(x + 3)
i (2x + 3)(x + 5)
j (2x 1)(x 2)
k (3x 2)(x 3)
l (5x 2)(x 3)
m (x 2)(4x 3)
n (5x 3)(2x 3) o (5x 7)(x 3)
p (2x + 5)(x 2)
q (3x 5)(x + 3)
r (x + 3)(4x 1)
s (2x + 3)(x 2)
t (2x + 1)(x 3)
u (3x 10)(x + 3) v (2x + 3)(3x 7) w (2x + 3)(x 4)
x (x + 2)(4x 9)
3 a (3x + 1)(4x + 1) b (3a + 1)(2a + 1) c (3p + 2)(2p + 1) d (5y 2)(2y 1) e (3x 1)(4x 1)
f (3a 2)(3a 5) g (2m + 5)(4m 1) h (2n 3)(3n + 1) i (7q 2)(3q 2) j (4x 1)(5x + 1)
k (2m 3)(4m + 5) l (6y 5)(3y + 2) m (2a + 3)(3a 2) n (3k + 4)(5k + 2) o (2x + 3)(4x + 3)
p (4 + a)(1 a)
q (2 + 5m)(1 2m) r (3x + 2)(3 x)
s (2 3x)(x + 3)
t (5 7x)(4x + 3)
u (2 5n)(1 + 7n) v (3x + 4y)(x + 2y) w (2x y)(x 2y)
x (5m 7n)(m + n)
4 a 2(3x 1)(x + 2) b 2(3a + 2)(a 1) c 3(2a 3)(a + 3) d 4(2x 3)(x + 3) e 2(3x + 2)(x + 4)
f 3(2p 1)(2p + 3) g 5(3q + 7)(2q 1) h 2(5m 3)(m 4) i 5(5a 1)(2a + 1) j 2(2 5x)(1 + x)
k 3(3 t)(t + 4)
l 3(3 + 2x)(1 + 2x)
5 a (x + 3)(x + 5) = x2 + 8x + 15; (x 3)(x + 5) = x2 + 2x 15; (x + 3)(x 5) = x2 2x 15;
(x 3)(x 5) = x2 8x + 15; (x + 1)(x + 15) = x2 + 16x + 15; (x 1)(x + 15) = x2 + 14x 15;
(x + 1)(x 15) = x2 14x 15; (x 1)(x 15) = x2 16x + 15
b (x 1)(x + 12) = x2 + 11x 12; (x 12)(x + 1) = x2 11x 12; (x 3)(x + 4) = x2 + x 12;
(x 4)(x + 3) = x2 x 12; (x 6)(x + 2) = x2 4x 12; (x 2)(x + 6) = x2 + 4x 12
c (x 1)(x 4) = x2 5x + 4; (x + 1)(x + 4) = x2 + 5x + 4; (x 2)(x 3) = x2 5x + 6; (x + 2)(x + 3) = x2 + 5x + 6
d (5x + 1)(x + 2) = 5x2 + 11x + 2; (5x + 1)(x 2) = 5x2 9x 2; (5x 1)(x + 2) = 5x2 + 9x 2;
(5x 1)(x 2) = 5x2 11x + 2
Challenge 11:05
Another factorising method for harder trinomials
1 (2x + 3)(x + 2)
2 (4x + 1)(x 5)
3 (3x 4)(x 3)
4 (2x + 1)(3x + 2)
5 (5x 1)(x + 2)
6 (4x 3)(3x 4)
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Exercise 11:06
1 a
e
i
m
q
u
2 a
e
i
m
q
u
(x 5)(x 1)
(a 3)(a 3)
5ab(a 2b2)
a(a + 3 b)
5y(a 2 + 3x)
(2m + 3p)(n + 2)
2(1 2x)(1 + 2x)
(x 1)(x + 1)(x2 + 1)
3(a 8)(a 5)
a(x + y)(x + 3)
(x y)(x + y + 5)
a(a 4)
b
f
j
n
r
v
b
f
j
n
r
v
(x 3)(x + 3)
(2x 1)(2x + 1)
(p q)(p + q)
(4 5a)(4 + 5a)
(5x 7)(3x + 4)
(10a 7x)(10a + 7x)
5(x y)(x 2)
(p 4)(p 1)(p + 1)
9(1 p)(1 + p)
(x + y)(x + y + 3)
3(x 2)(x 2)
(1 + p)(1 + p2)
c
g
k
o
s
w
c
g
k
o
s
w
(x + 2)(y + 9)
(4x 7)(3x + 5)
(p + 10)(q 3)
(1 + 4a)(1 6a)
(xy 1)(xy + 1)
(2 + x)(1 3x)
2(a 8)(a 3)
4(x 3)(x + 3)
3(k + 3)(k 2)
5x(y 2z)(y + 2z)
7(3x 2y)(3x + 2y)
4(2t + 3)(t 5)
d
h
l
p
t
x
d
h
l
p
t
x
a(a 9)
(a 5)(a 8)
(7x 3)(x + 2)
(m + n)(4 a)
(x 8)(x + 7)
(k + 8)(k 6)
3(m 3)(m 3)
a(a 1)(a + 1)
3(2a 3)(4a 1)
a(3x 2)(2x + 3)
(a2 + 4)(a 2)(a + 2)
2(2 + x)(2 3x)
Prep Quiz 11:07

a
3y
1 --- 2 ------ 3 4
2
2x
10 (2x 1)(x + 5)
3
4 --2
5 3x(2x + 3)
6 (x + 3)(x + 4)
7 (x 7)(x + 7)
8 3(x + 1)2
9 (x + y)(3 + a)
Exercise 11:07
1 a x+2
2
b -----------x+3
x+1
-----------x1
x+2
q x3
x2
-----------x+1
4
----------x3
1
-----------a1
x+1
-----------x+3
d 2
l
t
2y 3
--------------2
m+8
------------m4
1
--3
a4
m -----------3a
t+4
u ----------t3
e
5
--8
n x+1
v
ax
-----------a+3
1
g --2
x+6
o -----------3
x1
w --------------2x 1
7
h --3
p a4
x
2 ( 3a 2 )
-----------------------2a 1
ANSWERS
579
2 a 4x
1
-----------x+1
x+4
p -----------2
3 a 6
n3
-----------n+2
q 1
2
b --7
c 5
y
-----------y7
q 3(x 1)
p 2
10
-----21
a+3
-----------a1
a
--------------2a 1
y3
b -----------4
x+7
j -----------x5
15
d -----2
l
s 2
9
d --2
a+1
-----------a3
r 1
s 2
3 ( 1 + 2a )
1
--f -----------------------3
5 ( 1 2a )
x+3
m+1
m -----------n ------------x+7
m+5
(a + b c)(a c)
t -----------------------------------------a+c
3
e -------------------- f 16
5(x + 1)
x+2
p+4
m -----------n -----------x3
p4
(p + q + r)(p q)
t -----------------------------------------p+q
e
2x + 5
y ( 2y + 3 )
g ------------------------ h --------------3(y + 4)
9
(a + 2)(a 4)
o ---------------------------------(a + 4)(a 1)
m
5k
g ---h -----------2
k1
(n 7)(n 3)
o ----------------------------------(n + 1)(n + 7)
Prep Quiz 11:08

1
1 1 -----
10
2 1 1---
3
-----10
19
-----60
12
5 -----x
5
6 -----2a
13
7 -----6a
3
8 -----4x
5a
9 -----2x
7m
10 -------6n
Exercise 11:08
2x
2a + 8
8
5x + 19
1 a ---------------------------------b ---------------------------------c ---------------------------------d ---------------------------------e
(x + 1)(x 1)
(a + 5)(a + 3)
(y 7)(y + 1)
(x + 3)(x + 5)
3t 18
7x 4
3x + 31
59x 1
f ----------------------------------g ------------------------------------h ----------------------------------------- i ----------------------------------------- j
( t + 10 ) ( t + 2 )
( 2x 1 ) ( x 1 )
( 3x + 2 ) ( 2x + 5 )
( 5x 1 ) ( 3x + 1 )
17x 25
1 4a
2x 2 + 4x
3a
k --------------------------l --------------------------m ---------------------------------n ----------------------------------------- o
3x ( 2x + 5 )
21 ( 2a + 1 )
(x + 3)(x + 1)
( 2a + 1 ) ( 4a 1 )
x+3
1+x
x1
2 a ---------------------------------b -------------------c -------------------d
(x + 1)(x + 2)
x(x + 2)
x(x + 3)
4x + 15
5x + 2
2
e ---------------------------------f ---------------------------------g ---------------------------------h
(x + 2)(x + 3)
(x + 1)(x + 4)
(x + 1)(x + 3)
8x 2
2x 72
7x + 5
i --------------------------------------------------j --------------------------------------------------k ------------------------------------------------------(x + 7)(x 1)(x + 1)
(x + 9)(x + 3)(x 1)
( 2x + 1 ) ( x + 5 ) ( x + 2 )
13x 12
2x 2 + 2
2x + 7
l -------------------------------------------m --------------------------------------------------n ------------------------------------x ( 2x 1 ) ( 3x + 2 )
(x + 3)(x + 1)(x 1)
x(x + 3)(x + 2)
2
7
(1 + x)
1
3 a -------------------- = --b -------------------c -----------------------d
3(x + 3)
2 ( 2x + 3 )
x(x + 1)
x
x+5
1
2x
e ------------------------------------f ------------------------------------g -----------------------------------h
2(x 3)(x + 3)
x(x + 1)(x 1)
( x + 1 )2 ( x 1 )
6x + 22
6x + 14
x1
i ---------------------------------------------------j ---------------------------------------------------k --------------------------------------------------(x + 2)(x + 4)(x + 3)
(x + 3)(x + 4)(x + 1)
(x 2)(x + 1)(x 3)
x1
2x + 2
2
l --------------------------------------------------m --------------------------------------------------- = --------------------------------(x 3)(x + 2)(x + 1)
(x 4)(x + 1)(x 2)
(x 4)(x 2)
x + 10
6x + 34
2x 3
n ----------------------------------------------------------o --------------------------------------------------p ------------------------------------------------------( 2x 1 ) ( x + 4 ) ( 3x + 2 )
(x 7)(x + 7)(x + 3)
( 2x 1 ) ( x + 1 ) ( x 1 )
2x 2 x 5
3x 8
7x 2 x 10
q --------------------------------------------------r ------------------------------------s ---------------------------------------2(x + 2)(x + 3)(x 3)
x(x 4)(x + 4)
5(x 2)(x + 2)
7x 2 + 9x 5
t ---------------------------------------------------------( 2x + 1 ) ( x 3 ) ( 2x 1 )
Diagnostic Test 11
1
2
3
4
5
a
a
a
a
a
3x + 1
8 a ---------------------------------(x + 3)(x 1)
580
TR
TR
3x + 8
---------------------------------(x + 1)(x 1)
2x + 7
------------------------------------( x + 3 ) ( x + 4 )2
Factorising algebraic expressions
3(x 4)
(a + b)(x + 2)
(x 5)(x + 5)
(x + 3)(x + 4)
(2x + 1)(x + 5)
6 a x+2
2m 13
------------------------------------(m + 1)(m 2)
13x + 21
----------------------2x ( x + 7 )
2x 2 + 6x + 5
---------------------------------(x + 2)(x + 1)
x+1
---------------------------------(x 5)(x + 2)
6x 10
--------------------------------------------------(x 3)(x + 3)(x + 1)
6
--7
a(x + y)
(6 + a)(m + n)
(a x)(a + x)
(x 2)(x 3)
(3x 2)(x 3)
x
x+5
c -d -----------a
x+2
1
b ------------------------------------x(x + 2)(x + 1)
b
b
b
b
b
c
c
c
c
c
2(x + 3)
(x + 1)(y 1)
(2 m)(2 + m)
(x 5)(x + 2)
(4x 9)(x + 2)
7 a 6x
a1
b -----------a3
3x + 19
------------------------------------2(x 3)(x + 3)
d
d
d
d
d
x(a + b c)
(a + c)(b + 4)
(3x 1)(3x + 1)
(x + 5)(x 4)
(3x + 1)(2x + 1)
c
9
--5
x+2
d -----------x3
7x 8
d --------------------------------------------------(x + 3)(x + 4)(x 1)
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(a + 4)(a + 5)
xy(x 1)
(2x 1)(x + 1)
2(y 3)(y + 3)
3(11 + a)(1 + a)
x + 12
3 a --------------x+3
2x 3
g ---------------------------------(x + 2)(x + 1)
2(p 2q)
(3a + 1)(2a 5)
(x2 + 2)(x 3)
3(r + 7)(r 4)
(x y)(x + y + 1)
5 ( 2x + 1 )
b -----------------------x+3
6x 1
h ----------------------2
( 3x 1 )
1 a
f
k
2 a
f
b
g
l
b
g
(m 9)(m + 5)
(x + 6)(x 5)
5ab(1 + 2ab)
2(x + 1)(2x2 + 3)
x(x 4)
5x + 13
c ---------------------------------(x + 2)(x + 3)
2x + 3
i ----------------------------------------( 3 + 2x ) ( 2x + 3 )
c
h
m
c
h
d
i
n
d
(5x2 + 1)(x + 2)
(3a + 5)(a 3)
(x y)(x + y + 2)
2(1 3x)(1 + 3x)
x2
d --------------------------------(x 1)(x 2)
x+2
j -------------------5(x 7)
e
j
o
e
(2x 1)(2x + 1)
(x + p)(y + z)
(2 + 3x)(1 3x)
a(a 8)(a + 9)
x1
----------5
1
----------x2
1 a collinear points
b vertices
c hypotenuse
d +
e 360
f 3 180 = 540
g AB is a diameter, OC is a radius
h circumference
i semicircle
j AB is a tangent. CD is an arc. EF is a chord.
2 a concurrent lines
b adjacent angles
c complementary angles
d supplementary angles
e vertically opposite angles
f transversal
g bisecting an interval
h bisecting an angle
i CAB = 60
j CD is perpendicular to AB
3 84 : 60 : 36 or 7 : 5 : 3
4 17
5 a 10%
b This would include those who were car passengers (12 1--- %) as well as those who went by bus (11 1--- %)
2
9
11
-%
and those who went by train (10%). Answer = 33 ----c 23
d 625%
18
6 a Man
b Woman
Chapter 12:
c Heart diseases
d Depends on the number of men or women still living.
Statistics
Prep Quiz 12:01

1 20
2 1
3 2
4 25
5 1
6 7
7 4
8 9
9 13
10 23
Exercise 12:01
1 a 6
b 3 heads
2 a 4
b 2
3 a
Outcome
f
c.f.
(x)
0
1
2
3
4
5
3
8
11
17
9
2
Total: 50
3
11
22
39
48
50
c 1 head
c 0
d 4
e 4
d 21
e 32
b
Outcome
f
(x)
9
10
11
12
13
14
1
13
22
30
21
13
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c.f.
1
14
36
66
87
100
Total: 100
4 a 1
b 2
c 7
d 12
e 5
f 20
5 a 4
b 16
c 17
d 1
e 1
f 13
g 16
h 3
Monica probably won because she made only one unforced error in the final game compared to Steffis three errors.
Overall, the number of unforced errors was about the same for the two women, but whoever wins the last game wins
the set.
6 a 12, 0
ANSWERS
581
c.f.
15
22
30
38
42
45
47
48
10
49
11
49
12
50
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
Frequency (of property)
d
Cumulative frequency
Total: 50
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Outcome (number of trees)
60
54
48
42
36
30
24
18
12
6
0
7 a
Dad
b i Adam ii Dad
c 6; 3 times
d Dad
Prog. Total
4
iii Sharon
Sharon
Adam
Dad
Bron
Prog.
Total
Score
Prog.
Total
Score
Prog.
Total
Score
Prog.
Total
Round 6
28
27
28
24
21
f
Score
Frequency
8 a 5th hole
Players
score
7th hole
Frequency Cumulative
frequency
Players
score
Frequency Cumulative
frequency
54
54
20
20
314
368
211
231
85
453
198
429
456
23
452
456
b i 368
ii 88
c i 429
ii 27
d 5th hole 19%; 7th hole 6%. It indicates that the 5th hole is the more difficult of the two holes.
582
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Score
14
16
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Outcome (number of trees)
Scores on the 5th hole
500
400
400
Scores on the 7th hole
500
300
200
300
200
100
100
4
5
Players score
4
5
6
Players score
For an easy hole, there would be more golfers with lower scores and fewer with higher scores. The polygon would
rise quickly and have a longer horizontal section shaped like . For a difficult hole, there would be fewer lower
scores and a large number of higher scores. The polygon would remain almost horizontal early and rise quickly for
the larger scores. The polygon would be shaped more like .
9
Score
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
Frequency
13
16
Cum. Freqcy
16
29
45
53
61
69
72
72
73
a 7
10 a 72
b 16
b 148
c 57
Exercise 12:02
1
Range
a
b
c
Mode
Mean
Median
56
36 (1 dec. pl.)
6, 8
68 (1 dec. pl.)
17
189 (1 dec. pl.)
19
12
111 (1 dec. pl.)
12
29
292 (1 dec. pl.)
29
51, 53
506 (1 dec. pl.)
51
21
227 (1 dec. pl.)
22
914 (1 dec. pl.)
915
51 (1 dec. pl.)
51
88, 93
04
51
99, 102
1005
2 a 218
b 1943 c i 3268 ii 3266
3 a 181
b 394
4 In this case, the mode is also the lowest price paid.
The mean is greatly affected by the $3 865 000 price.
The median is the middle score, and so is the best
measure of central tendency in this case.
5 The mode is most useful to the dress manufacturer as
this indicates the size most often purchased.
6 He should use the mean because this takes into account
every mark and he is concerned with overall performance.
7 Mode: 79, 82 Mean: 811 Median: 79
The median is the best measure of Alans performance.
8 a i Mean = 74; 4 ii Mean = 76; 1
b Not necessarily.
9 822
10 232 ppg (correct to 1 dec. pl.)
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1005
Exercise 12:03
1 a 675
b 122
c 28795
2 a 7
b 133 (1 dec. pl.)
3 a range 4, mode 7, median 7
c range 6, mode 24, median 24
d
c
b
d
4885
249 (1 dec. pl.)
d 55 (1 dec. pl.)
range 5, mode 13, median 13
range 1, mode 56, median 56
ANSWERS
583
4 No. of goals Frequency

(x)
(f )
5 Outcome Frequency
(x)
(f )
fx
fx
12
24
12
40
10
42
35
Totals
24
55
Totals
36
168
range = 6
mode = 1, 2
mean = 23 (correct to 1 dec. pl.)
Tally
|
a 7
b 5
c 5
d 47 (correct to 1 dec. pl.)
Frequency
(f )
fx
10
||||
40
11
||||
55
12
|||| |
72
13
|||| ||
91
14
|||| ||
98
15
|||| |
90
16
|||| |
96
17
|||| |||
136
18
|||| ||
126
19
|||| |||
152
20
||||
100
Totals
70
1064
6
Frequency
7 Outcome
(x)
6 a 73, 75
b 729 (correct to 1 dec. pl.)
c i 33% (to nearest whole %)
ii 55% (to nearest whole %)
4
2
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Score
range = 12; mode = 17 and 19; mean = 152

8 a 185
b 43
c 23
9 a 3
b 13
c 5
10 a question 1: median = 9, mean = 88 (correct to 1 dec. pl.)
question 2: median = 10, mean = 91 (correct to 1 dec. pl.)
b question 1 i 14%
ii 24%
iii 38%
question 2 i 28%
ii 41%
iii 41%
(All percentages to the nearest whole percent)
11 a 34%
ii 77%
b 14
c total = $28 135, mean fee = $36.50 (to nearest ten cents)
Investigation 12:03
Adding and averaging
1 =SUM(E2:E8); =SUM(H2:H8); =SUM(K2:K8); =SUM(N2:N8)

2 =SUM(B10,E10,H10,K10,N10)
3 Sunday $3930; Wednesday $1420
584
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Exercise 12:04
1 a 8
2
b 18
c 35
d 65
Tally
Frequency (f )
f c.c.
Class
c.c.
15
|||
c.f.
3
610
|||| ||
56
10
1115
13
|||| ||||
10
130
20
1620
18
|||| |||
144
28
2125
23
||
46
30
f = 30 (f c.c.) = 385
Modal class = 1115; mean = 128 (correct to 1 decimal place); median class = 1115
c.c.
Tally
Frequency (f )
f c.c.
c.f.
2
141145 143
||
286
146150 148
||||
592
151155 153
||||
765
11
156160 158
|||| ||
1106
18
161165 163
|||| |||
1304
26
166170 168
|||| |
1008
32
171175 173
|||| |
1038
38
176180 178
||
356
40
f = 40
(f c.c.) = 6455
f
Frequency
6
4
2
143 148 153 158 163 168 173 178
Class centre
4 a
b highest score = 179,

lowest score = 143,
range = 36
c modal class = 161165
d x = 1614
(correct to 1 decimal place)
40
30
20
10
143 148 153 158 163 168 173 178

Class centre
Frequency (f )
f c.c.
c.f.
133
|||| |||| |||| |||
18
468
25
|||| |||| |||| |||
18
594
43
|||| |||| ||||
15
600
58
|||| |||
376
66
||||
216
70
No. of cans
sold (x)
c.c.
Tally
1622
19
|||| ||
2329
26
3036
33
3743
40
4450
47
5157
54
f = 70
c.c.
12 17 22 27 32
c 1519
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b 10
c 341
d median class = 3036
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
(f c.c.) = 2387
5 a 614, 1523, 2432, 3341, 4250

b f = 46; (f c.c.) = 1378, x = 300 (correct to 1 decimal place)
6 a 1519
g A class interval of 10
would have resulted in
only 4 classes and the
patterns of cluster and
spread in the data
would have been
harder to distinguish.
Median class = 161165
Class
Ogive
19 26 33 40 47 54
Number of cans
c The median class is 2432

d 18
3 a
50
40
30
20
10
0
10 19 28 37 46
Results
ANSWERS
585
7 a
Class
c.c.
Tally
|||| ||||
Frequency (f )
f c.c.
c.f.
110
55
495
1120
155
|||| |||| ||||
15
2325
24
2130
255
|||| |||| |||| ||||
19
4845
43
3140
355
|||| |||| |||| ||
17
6035
60
4150
455
|||| |||| |||| ||||
20
910
80
5160
555
|||| |||| |||| ||
17
9435
97
6170
655
|||| |||| |||| |||| |
21
13755
118
7180
755
|||| |||| |||| |
16
1208
134
8190
855
|||| |||| |||| |||
18
1539
152
764
160
91100 955
|||| |||
f = 160
b i 99 3 = 96 ii 6170
iii 507 (1 decimal place)
(f c.c.) = 8110
c The median involves two classes: 4150 and 5160 ( median = 505)
d i 1625%
ii 15%
iii 50%
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
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5.5 15.5 25.5 35.5 45.5 55.5 65.5 75.5 85.5 95.5
Class centre
Class
c.c.
Frequency
120
105
24
2140
305
36
4160
505
37
6180
705
37
81100 905
26
The range is the only measure not affected by the

changing of the classes. The increased size of the
class intervals means an increased loss in data detail
and the measures tend to become less representative
of the data as
a whole.
What grouping is best would depend on what the
data is trying to measure.
160
The median class is 4160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
105
586
305
505 705
Class centre
905
8 Several different class intervals could be used. As the range of the scores is 124, class intervals should be chosen so as
to give between 5 and 10 classes. Here a class interval of 20 has been chosen, resulting in 7 classes.
Tally
Class centre (c.c.)
Freqcy f
131150
1405
||||
562
151170
1605
|||| |||| |||| |||
18
2889
171190
1805
|||| |||| |||| |||| |||| |
26
4693
191210
2005
|||| |||| |||| |||| ||||
25
50125
211230
2205
|||| |||| |||| |
16
3528
231250
2405
|||| |
1443
251270
2605
2605
f = 96
18388
Mean = --------------96
= 1915 (correct to 1 dec. pl.)
f c.c. = 18 388
The median involves two classes,

171190 and 191210.
median = 1905
100
98
90
f c.c.
Bowling scores
Rob has 51 out of 96 games

(or 53%) in the classes that
lie either side of the median.
70
50
48
30
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1605
Investigation 12:04
1805
2005 2205
Class centre
2405
2605
The aging population
1 a 670 000
b 620 000
c 390 000
2 a 680 000
3 a i 910 000
ii 1 660 000
b 82%
5 The number increased due to migration over the 20-year period.
1 a
c 630 000
Statistics
Outcome (x)
Tally
c.f.
||||
||||
|||| |||
17
|||| |||
25
|||
28
||
30
Total: 30
f Range is 5
g Modes are 2 and 3 (bimodal),
median is 2,
mean is 223 (to 2 decimal places)
2 a 2823 b 436 (to 2 decimal places)
3 a 7
b 13
c 2
4 a 5
b 7
c 14
b 2
d
9
Frequency ( )
Diagnostic Test 12
b 720 000
4 87%
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
c 25
e
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Outcome (x)
Cumulative frequency (c.f.)
1405
33
30
27
24
21
18
15
12
9
6
3
0
0 1 2 3 4 5
Outcome (x)
ANSWERS
587
5 a
f c.c.
c.f.
1015
c.c.
145
|||| ||
2029
245
|||| ||||
10
245
17
3039
345
|||| |||| ||
12
414
29
4049
445
|||
1335
32
5059
545
545
33
Totals: 33
9485
Tally
Class
1019
Modal class 3039

Mean 2874 (to 2 decimal places)
Median class 2029
Class
c.c.
f c.c.
c.f.
15
11
33
11
150154 152
Class
c.c.
f c.c.
c.f.
456
610
18
144
29
155159 157
942
1115
13
22
286
51
160164 162
16
2592
25
1620
18
10
180
61
165169 167
1503
34
23
161
68
170174 172
1032
40
Totals: 68
804
Totals: 40
6525
2125
Modal class 1115

Mean 1182 (correct to 2 decimal places)
Median class 1115
Modal class 160164

Mean 16313 (correct to 2 decimal places)
Median class 160164

1 a
Number of
faulty products
Tally
||||
|||| |||
13
|||| ||||
10
23
|||| ||||
32
|||| |
38
39
40
ii 1568
12
8
6
4
4 a 2
5 a 84
c
8 13 18 23 28
Class centres
d 1115
Class
c.c.
3039
345
4049
445
5059
545
6069
645
7079
745
8089
845
9099
945
b 15
b 52
c 2
40
30
20
10
0
588
b mode = 3; mean = 325; median = 3

2 a 4
b 43
c 8
d 40
e 72
f 24
Frequency
Frequency
10
c No
Cum.
frequency
3 a i 1115
b
Frequency
1 2 3 4 5 6
Number of chldren
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Class
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(c.c.)
Frequency
(f )
Cum.
frequency
f c.c.
99
1019
145
29
80
2029
245
11
2205
3039
345
10
21
345
4049
445
29
356
5059
545
16
45
872
6069
645
20
65
1290
7079
745
13
78
8089
845
14
92
9099
945
99
9685
6 a
1183
60
49.5
40
20
6615
i Modal class 6069

ii Mean 599 (correct to 1 dec. pl.)
14.5 24.5 34.5 44.5 54.5 64.5 74.5 84.5 94.5

Maths marks
Median class 6069

1 The window has 4 green squares. The clear glass has an octagon, 4 hexagons and 4 pentagons. Around the perimeter
of the window are squares and rectangles.
2 a parallel lines
b perpendicular lines
c vertical, horizontal
d concurrent lines
e complementary angles
f supplementary angles
g vertically opposite angles
h 360
i bisecting an interval
j CD is perpendicular to AB
3 48
4 120 minutes
5 Area = 335 cm2 (correct to 1 dec. pl.)
Perimeter = 316 cm (correct to 1 dec. pl.)
6 The median and mode would not be useful as these are the same as the par of the hole in each case. Calculating the
mean for each hole and the percentage of players who scored par or better gives a better indication of the degree of
difficulty.
Hole
Par
Mean score
% of players
scoring par or better
2
4
41
79%
7
5
45
94%
11
3
33
65%
16
3
32
75%
Both the mean and % of players scoring par or better indicate that the degree of difficulty of the hole is
1: Hole 11; 2: Hole 16; 3: Hole 2; 4: Hole 7
Chapter 13:
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Simultaneous equations
Investigation 13:01A
1 34 and 52
2 236 girls, 184 boys
3 23 fours, 6 sixes
4 216 BHP; 425 ICI
4 11
5 2 1---
7 1 1---
10
Prep Quiz 13:01

2 1
1 1
9
3 3
6 2
8 4 1--2
4
2
4 2
2
4 x
ANSWERS
589
Exercise 13:01
1 a x = 1, y = 2
b x = 2, y = 1 c x = 1, y = 2
d x = 0, y = 3
e x = 4, y = 1
f x = 3, y = 0
g No solution, since the lines are parallel.
h An infinite number of solutions exist, eg (1, 0), (0, 1), ( 1--- , 1 1--- ) etc. These two equations represent the same line.
2 a x = 02, y = 12
3 a x = 2, y = 1
f p = 2, q = 2
4 a
y
4
3
2
1
d x = 28, y = 03
d x = 2, y = 4
c
y
1
1 2
1
1
x = 05
2
y = 25
1 2 3
1
1
2
y
1
2 1
1
1 2 3
3 x
a
a = 07
b = 03
2
1
1
1
2 x
6 after 2 --1- hours and 150 km

2
8
R
x = 12
y = 08
x = 08
y = 01
x = 08
y = 02
e a = 1, b = 2
2 1
1
3
2
1
7 6 machines, $1080
9
R
50
Rental in dollars
Rental in dollars
2
1
x = 06
y = 24
1
1
5 a
b x = 33, y = 03 c x = 13, y = 26
b x = 2, y = 1
c x = 1, y = 2
g a = 1, b = 1
h p = 6, q = 2
b
y
40
30
100
180 260 340

Distance in km
Distance = 260 km
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30
100
180 260 340

Distance in km
Safety Car Rental is
always cheaper.
Exercise 13:02A
1 a x = 1, y = 4
f x = 4, y = 0
b x = 2, y = 5
g x = 4, y = 2
c x = 2, y = 1
h x = 3, y = 3
d x = 3, y = 2
i x = 6, y = 2
e x = 4, y = 1
j x = 1, y = 5
2 a x = 6, y = 1
b x = 2 --3- , y =
c x = 12, y = 10
d x = 5, y = 3
e x = 2, y = 4
x = 2, y = 3
3 a x=
4 a a=
7
--8
,y=
1
1 ----16
3
--4
,b=
g x = 3, y = 4
3
--8
1
--2
h x = 5, y = 2
b a = 3 2--- , b = 17
c m=
d x=
b x=
c m=
12
-----17
,y=
8
1 ----17
5
--6
1
, n = 1 -----
2
1 ----17
,n=
12
10
-----17
x = 2, y = 4
1
-----14
5
, y = -----
14
d x = 2 1--- , y = 4 8--3
Exercise 13:02B
1 a
f
k
2 a
f
k
3 a
590
x = 5, y = 4
x = 1, y = 2
x = 1, y = 2 1--2
x = 2, y = 1
x = 4, y = 1
x = 3, y = 5 1--5
x = 1, y = 5
b
g
l
b
g
l
b
x = 5, y = 9
x = 2, y = 4
x = 2, y = 3 2--5
x = 3, y = 8
x = 3, y = 4
x = 1, y = 4
x = 2, y = 3
c x = 3, y = 1
h x = 8, y = 2
d x = 5, y = 1
i x = 1 1--- , y = 7
e x = 3, y = 2
j x = 7, y = 1 2---
c x = 1, y = 4
h x = 2 1--- , y = 1---
d x = 2, y = 3
i x = 4, y = 4
e x = 4, y = 6
j x = 2, y = 1
c x = 5, y = 7
d x = 2, y = 4
e x = 2, y = 3
x = 2 1--- , y = 1 1--2
4 a x = 4, y = 3
f
x = 2, y = 3
k x = 2, y = 9
g x = 1, y = 2
h x = 1, y = 8
b x = 1, y = 5
c x = 2, y = 2
d x = 3, y = 2
g x = 1, y = 2
h x = 3, y = 1
m x = 1, y = 1
n x=
x = 3, y = 2
x = 3, y = 5
e x = 1, y = 2
x = 1, y = 2
8
7 ----11
,y=
x = 0, y = 5
4
4 ----11
Exercise 13:03
1 a 7 and 18
b 32 and 65
2 a length = 8 cm, width = 3 cm
d chocolate = 25c, drink = 45c
3 a x = 5, y = 2
b x = 3, y = 2
c
b
e
c
4 a length = 10 1--- cm, width = 6 1--- cm
b box A = 28 1--- kg, box B = 50 kg
3 and 9
d 11 and 2
e 5 and 22
pen = 35c, pencil = 22c
c maths = 72, science = 57
Bill = $1, Jim = 50c
x = 15, y = 30 d x = 35, y = 35 e x = 7, y = 2
f x = 4, y = 2
3
c 36 rows of 45 seats and 12 rows of 40 seats

5 a 8 aprons
b 5 weeks
d 15 seniors and 75 juniors
Reading Maths 13:03

1 30 g
2 837
Diagnostic Test 13
1
--2
4 49 g
cup
5 55
6 calcium
7 a 16
b 696
8 150 g
Simultaneous equations
1 a x = 2, y = 1
b x = 2, y = 3
2 a x = 3, y = 1
b x = 3 2--- y = 1 3---
c a = 1 3--- , b = 2 5---
3 a x = 2, y = 1
b x=
c a = 2, b = 0
5
2 3--5
c x = 4, y = 1
5
1--5
,y=

1 a x = 3, y = 0
f
x=
3
--5
,y=
b x = 1 --1- , y = 2 --1-
18
6
- , b = -----c a = 1 -----
g p = 1, q = 3
h x=
8--5
1
--4
33
, y = 2
2 father is 54 years old, daughter is 18 yrs old

4 share A = $1.80, share B = $1.20
6 length = 15 cm width = 5 cm
d a = 2, b = 5 --1-
33
m=
3
1 ----19
,n=
3
10
-----19
7
3
- , b = 1 -----e a = 1 ----16
16
3 no. of adults = 59, no. of children = 141

5 length = 15 cm, width = 10 cm
7 4 km/h
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1 Answers will vary.
a Answers will vary.
b Overestimate
c Estimate to the nearest metre, then add a few metres to the estimate.
2 1
3 x = 72
4 a 3
b 6
c 10
d 28
5 10
6 Dixon-Fly, Wynn-Free, Goad-Back, McCully-Breast with a time of 14765 seconds
Chapter 14:
Trigonometry
Exercise 14:01
1
2
3
4
5
a
a
a
a
a
BC
AB
AC
AC
b
b
b
b
5
-----12
c
c
c
c
DE
EF
DF
AC
b --86
d
d
d
d
KL
LM
KM
C
c
e TU
e ST
e SU
PR
PQ
QR
C
f
f
f
YZ
XZ
XY
15
-----8
6 a
12
-----13
6
-----10
8
-----17
Prep Quiz 14:02

1 opp.
2 hyp.
3 adj.
4 I,
3
--4
; II,
6
--8
5 I,
3
--5
; II,
6
-----10
6 I,
4
--5
; II,
8
-----10
7 Yes
8 Yes
9 Yes
10 Yes
Exercise 14:02
o
--h
a
--h
o
-a
30
05
09
06
30
05
09
06
30
05
09
06
o
--h
a
--h
o
-a
50
08
06
12
50
08
06
12
50
08
06
12
ANSWERS
591
opposite side
adjacent side
hypotenuse
o
--h
a
--h
o
-a
BAC
30
55 cm
95 cm
108 cm
05
09
06
BAD
45
77 cm
76 cm
108 cm
07
07
10
BAE
60
94 cm
54 cm
108 cm
09
05
17
4 a Yes
5 a i 06
b Yes
ii 08
iii 07
b i 06
ii 08
o a o
iii 07. For an angle of 35 the ratios --- , --- , -- are constant.
h h a
Exercise 14:03
1 a sin =
cos =
tan =
b sin =
3
--5
4
--5
3
--4
cos =
tan =
c sin =
5
-----13
12
-----13
5
-----12
cos =
tan =
24
-----25
7
-----25
24
-----7
2 a sin A = 0600
b sin A = 0471
c sin A = 0923
cos A = 0800
cos A = 0882
cos A = 0385
tan A = 0750
tan A = 0533
tan A = 2400
3 a 15, sin = 06, cos = 08

4 a YZ = 6, tan X = 0750
5 a sin =
b
45 , sin = 0447, cos = 0894 c
8 , sin = 0707, cos = 0707
b YZ = 6, tan X = 12
c YZ = 3, tan X = 15
3
12
b cos = ---------c sin 60 = ---------4
34
3
12
sin (90 ) = ---------cos 30 = ---------4
34
a
b cos = -c
a
sin (90 ) = -c
3
--5
cos (90 ) =
b
6 a sin = -c
3
--5
b
cos (90 ) = -c
7 a 65
8 a i
3
--5
b 30
ii
4
--5
iii
c 80
3
--4
iv
3
--4
b yes
3
1
, cos 30 = ------- , tan 30 = ------2
3
7
15
1
10 a cos A = ---------- , tan A = ---------b ------4
4
15
4
1
4
2
175
7
11 a i ---------- = ------ii ---------- = ---------b i ------------- = ------20
4
80
5
52
13
3
m
m
3
12 a tan = --- and tan = ---- . Hence ---- = --- and m = 375.
4
5
5
4
9 a missing side =
3 , sin 30 =
1
--2
b sin 30, tan 30, cos 30 (ie
1
--2
3
3
, ------- , ------- )
3
2
7
ii ------4
b x = 2 5, y = 4 5
c i
3
--5
ii
4
--5
iii 48
iv 14
48
v -------- = 096
5
vi 2 sin cos = 2 3--- 4--5

5
= 096
sin 2 = 096 (from (v))
sin 2 = 2 sin cos
Exercise 14:04
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
e
1630
b 3815
c 7354
d 30545
e 4014
f 10040
g
17.75
b 48267
c 125717 d 88617
e 320.25
f 709
g
05000
b 08660
c 05774
d 09455
e 05299
f 19626
g
15
b 69
c 38
d 77
e 72
f 26
g 50
0503
b 0889
c 0609
d 0121
e 1823
f 5323
g
3652 b 2528 c 4010 d 7828 e 8813 f 5834 g 5226
3687 b 2547 c 4017 d 7846 e 8822 f 5856 g 5243
0577, 05, 0866
b 1600, 0848, 0530
c 0537, 0473, 0881
0866
b 0883
c 1079
5
b 5392
c No, it does not.
No. Substituting A = 30 shows it is not correct.
1201
241483
01219
h 39
0306
h 3200
h 3201
Investigation 14:04
1
2
3
4
592
a
a
a
a
it approaches 90
b it increases
c it stays constant
0
b it increases from 0 to infinity
It continually increases in length.
b It goes from 1 to 0.
yes
b Because it is the hypotenuse of the right-angled triangle ABX.
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d it increases
c 0 and 1.
h 23851
h 36883
h 00872
i 72
h 3185
i 6928
i 6947
c it goes from 0 to 1.
d 0 and 1.
Prep Quiz 14:05

1 AC 2 BC 3 AB 4 false 5 true 6 true
10 4 tan 25 (or 8578 correct to 3 dec. pl.)
7 0966
8 0477
9 4 tan 25 (or 1865 correct to 3 dec. pl.)
Exercise 14:05
1
2
3
4
12
13
21
a 59 b 51 c 111 d 25 e 159 f 121 g 38

h 62
a 194 b 93 c 485 d 72 e 78 f 53 g 102 h 227
ACB = 63, AC = 7 sin 27 3178, AB = 7 cos 27 6237
512 m
5 554 m
6 1302 m 7 1336 m
8 406 m
9
a 537 m
b 845 m
c 44 cm
d 169 cm
150 cm
14 83 cm
15 30 cm
16 203 cm 17 572 cm 18
523 m
22 54 m2
23 a 1666 m
b 200 km/h
24
a2 3
b ----------4
3
25 a a ------2
3a 2 3
-------------2
i
i
46
133
k 38
k 132
144
71
l
l
21
160
2057 m
10 615 cm
11 213 m
693 cm
158 cm2
19 3000 m
20 35 m
75 3
ii -------------- cm2
2
d i 6 3 cm2
j
j
iii 150 3 cm2
Prep Quiz 14:06

1
12
-----13
5
-----13
15
-----8
15
-----17
5 32
6 12
7 85
8 3120
9 6929
10 4341
Exercise 14:06
1 a 24
b 56
c 44
d 53
2 a 3652
b 4535
c 5419
3 a tan x =
4
6
10
12
3
--4
a 27
17
a 3341
5914
, sin x =
b
7
b
13
3
--5
3628
78
6326
9319
, cos x =
4
--5
e 34
d 3634
55
g 32
h 35
e 3652
f 5417
49
; all give x = 3652
5 a 77
8 380
9 3415, 5545
c 45
11 1945
14 a 58 (to the nearest degree)
b 62
b 74 (to the nearest degree)
Exercise 14:07
1
9
14
19
687 m
2 127 m
3 317 m
4 20 m
5 58
76 km, 129 km
10 6 km
11 58 km
12 S 31 W
N 2730 E
15 S 319 E 16 2448 km 17 a 1545 m b 1647 m
65
20 69 and 111
21 5929
22 511 m
24 a 5 3
100 3
25 a ----------------- cm2
3
6
13
18
23
320
7 5936
N 16 W, 14327 km
77 cm
1911, 118 cm
8 14458 km
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4 3
20 3
b -------------- m
3
9 + 4 3 cm
Exercise 14:08
1 68 m
2 74
3 11 m
4 1558 m, 280 km/h
5 a 271
b 144
c 047
d 750
6 a 2330
b 3317
XW
ZW
7 a --------- = cos X XW = XY cos X XW = z cos X
b --------- = cos Z ZW = YZ cos Z ZW = x cos Z
XY
YZ
c Since y = XW + ZW, then y = z cos X + x cos Z
AM
8 a In ABM, --------- = sin B AM = c sin B
AB
16 3
9 51
10 115 km 11 -------------3
12 a ( 6 3 + 6 ) units
b 6 6 units
Diagnostic Test 14
1 a 37321
3 a 5017
5 a
5
-----13
7 a 320
1
--2
BC AM =
1
--2
ac sin B
( 54 + 18 3 ) unit2
Trigonometry
b 03907
b 4749
b
b area of ABC =
15
-----8
b 64
c 03697
c 44
c
d 11204
d 7353
3
--5
c 143
d 57
2 a 0431
4 a AB
b 1674
b PR
c 0993
c YZ
d 0306
6 a 44
b 90
c 149
d 75
8 a 3841
b 582
c 3948
d 5012
ANSWERS
593

1 a 13
b 18
c 32
3 a 1500 m
b i 975 km
ii 1689 km
5 a i In BCT,
iii In ACT,
x
x
tan 70 = --tan 30 = --------------h
h + 10
x = h tan 70
x = (h + 10) tan 30
b x = 731 km (correct to 2 dec. pl.)
x
c BT = ----------------sin 70
= 778 km (correct to 2 dec. pl.)
2 a 6133
4 a 168 m
b 5559
c 569
C
70 h
10
30
1 a perpendicular lines
b vertical, horizontal
c concurrent lines
d reflex angle
e revolution
f adjacent angles
g supplementary angles
h vertically opposite angles
i 360
j transversal
2 a hectare
b cross-section
c face
d vertex
e edge
f axes of symmetry
g tally
h sector (or pie) graph
i bar graph
j scatter diagram
3 If the 20 angle is correct, then the angle adjacent to it is 160. This would make the angle sum of the triangle greater
than 180, which is impossible.
4 a 2 --2- days b 8 men
5 a 2 ( 2 3 + 6 ) unit2
3
6 Shop Bs discount is equivalent to 77% (correct to 1 dec. pl.). Hence shop A offers the best discount.
Chapter 15:
Graphs of physical phenomena
Prep Quiz 15:01A

1 200 km
2 450 km
3 25 km
4 4h
5 10 h
6 70 km/h
7 500 km/h
8 A
9 B
10 B
TR
TR
Exercise 15:01A
Distance (km)
8
9
10
30 km
b 1:30 pm
c 50 km
d
8 am
b 2 pm
c 1 1--- h
d
2
5 km
b 11:30 am
c 60 km
d
20 km
b 20 km
c 1 pm
Increases. The slope of the line becomes steeper.
e
5 km
b 20 km
c 35 km
d
Bartley
b Twice
c 1 pm
d
Bartley travels 200 km, Conway travels 350 km.
Brown starts from A at 3 pm. Jones starts 20 km from A at 3 pm.
4:30 pm; 7:30 pm c 20 km
d 6:30 pm
e
75 km b 10:45 am and 12:15 pm
c noon
d
Jackson
b 75 km/h
c increase
d
11:30 am b 35 km
11 a 5:45 pm b 510 km
e
40
30
20
10
e Yes at 11 am
e 180 km
e 5 km/h
40 km
increases
150 km
e 45 pm
home
home
home
Brown travels 160 km. Jones travels 100 km.

75 km
e Doyle; 1--- h
2
1011 am
e 125 km
c noon
d 4:30 pm
12
500
400
300
200
100
20 km
30 km
1111:30 am
Distance (km)
5
6
a
a
a
a
d
a
a
e
a
b
a
a
a
c
Distance (km)
1
2
3
4
9 10 11 12
Time
10 11 noon 1
2 3
Time
200
100
10 11 noon 1 2
Time
Exercise 15:01B
1
2
3
4
5
6
594
a
a
a
a
a
a
15 km/h
b 20 km/h
c 10 km/h
d 40 km/h
50 km/h
b faster at point P than Q
c faster at point R than Q
d 100 km/h
e 50 km/h
40 km/h
b Benny (blue)
c Robyn (red)
d 1:30 pm and 2:15 pm
approx 67 km/h
b i A is less ii B is greater
c F
d B and C
30 m/s
b 20 m/s
c 40 m/s
d decreasing
e increasing
i 156 m
ii 91 m
b increases at a decreasing rate
c i 24 m/min
ii 15 m/min
Prep Quiz 15:02

1 A
2 B
3 C
4 I
5 II
6 I
7 II
8 Y
9 Z
10 X
Exercise 15:02
1 a E
b D
c A
d C
e F
f B
2 C
3 B
4 The tank is empty at the start. It is then filled at a steady rate until the water level is 3 m. This takes 20 mins.
The water level remains at 3 m for 20 mins. The tank is then emptied at a steady rate in 10 mins.
The tank remains empty for 10 mins. This cycle is then repeated.
5 a Jill is resting, then does some exercise requiring a steady application after which she rests, and her pulse rate
returns to normal.
b A balloon is blown up by mouth; it remains blown up for a short time until it bursts.
c A car is travelling at a steady rate and then stops. It is stationary for a while with the engine running, after which it
starts moving again but fuel is being used at a faster rate maybe it is going up hill. It then begins to travel at a more
economical rate maybe it is travelling on a flatter surface.
d Sam eats four pieces of pizza before being sick!
6 B
7 I
8 A graph II, B graph I, C graph III, D graph IV
9 salt A IV, salt B III, salt C I, salt D II
10 a III
b I
c IV
Distance above equilibrium position
Distance
Time
Time
Time
Brightness
Time
Time
k
Fuel level
Time
Time
l
Water level
j
Fluid level
h
Temperature
Time
Time
TR
TR
home
home
home
Time
Water level
Time
Water level
d
Soeed
Speed
c
Speed
b
Water level
14 a
Time
Distance below equilibrium position
Excitement
Time
13
Temperature
12
Height
11
Time
Time
[Your graph for part (l) might be different, but hopefully it looks like this.]
b
Speed
Distance
16 a
Speed
15
Time
Time
Time
ANSWERS
595
17 a
b
c
d
She would turn to the right, as in the picture shown in the question.
As the difference in steps increases, the radius of the circle decreases.
The curve of best fit is drawn to the right.
Since the product of d and t is always 180;
180
dr = 180 or r = --------d
180
e When d = 15, r = --------15
= 120
the radius of the circle would be 120 metres.
180
f When d = 0, r = --------0
180
As --------- cannot exist, there is no circle.
0
The person walks in a straight line.
18 a 18 000 litres
b
t
0
5
10
20
25
30
d 9 minutes (approx.)
V 18 000 12 500 8000 2000 500

e No. From the graph
the pool drains rapidly at the beginning (perhaps high pressure)
but decreases as it nears empty.
r
200
Metres
150
100
50
0
1 2 3 4 5 d
Millimetres
V
20 000
15 000
10 000
5 000
0
5 10 15 20 25 30 t
Fun Spot 15:02

1
G L
H O
8
H O
G O O
9
12
17
19
E
15
L O S
I
20
25
16
28
E S
Diagnostic Test 15
1
2
4
5
6
a
a
a
a
a
10 am
CD
60 km
40 km/h
25 min
b
b
b
b
b
TR
TR
E L
home
home
home
18
O
I
L
L
L
O
O
L
G
24
E S
I
S
O
G O
I
S
11
21 22
S H E
23
H
10
14
26
27
O S S
O
Graphs of Physical Phenomena

35 km
CD
i 10 km/h
Q
45C
45 km
AB
3
40 km/h
50 km/h
25C
d 11 am; 1--- hr
e 60 km
2
a BC
b BC
c CD
iii 80 km/h
c 12 km/h d 30 km/h, between 2 pm and 3 pm
d approx. 75C
b
Water level
0
Time
7 a
60 g
approx. 80C
Time
JAN
DEC
Time of year
596
c
Light inensity
8 a
c
c
ii
c
c
Average
temperature
B E
L
13
No

2
90
80
70
60
Distance (km)
1 a 20 km
b 40 km
c 10:30 am
d Travers
e 60 km, 8 km
3 a E
b C
c A
d D
4 a In plane, then jump, parachute opens, slower descent to ground.
b Kite gradually rising and dipping with the wind.
c Initial cast, then below water, grabbed by a fish, reeled in to land.
d Initial run, then jump over bar, landing on mat, then stand up.
5 Andrew climbs the platform but fails to jump and climbs back down.
Helen jumps and then hauled back to platform.
50
40
30
20
10
9 am 10 11 noon 1
Time
2 3 pm

1 a
f
j
2 a
5 a
6 a
b
c
collinear points
b vertices
c hypotenuse
d a+b
e 360
3 180 = 540
g AB is a diameter, OC is a radius
h circumference
i semicircle
AB is a tangent. CD is an arc. EF is a chord.
$2580 b $280 c 203%
3 a 1247 cm2
b 5938 cm2
c 8432 cm2
4 $545
Jan
b July
c Feb
d 110 mm e 1860 mm f 270 mm g 180 mm
The first stands for 3 months, the second for 3 years.
i 59 kg
ii 10 kg
iii 117 kg
iv 129 kg
v 106 kg
40%
d From 43 kg to 62 kg
e From about 25 kg to 4 kg
TR
TR
home
home
home
ANSWERS
597
Answers to ID Cards
ID Card 1 (Metric Units) page xvii
1
5
9
13
17
21
2
6
10
14
18
22
metres
kilometres
hectares
minutes
grams
litres
decimetres
square metres
cubic metres
hours
milligrams
millilitres
3
7
11
15
19
23
centimetres
square centimetres
cubic centimetres
metres per second
kilograms
kilolitres
4
8
12
16
20
24
millimetres
square kilometres
seconds
kilometres per hour
tonnes
degrees Celsius
3
7
11
15
19
23
is not equal to
is greater than
the square root of 2
is congruent to
for example
the mean
4
8
12
16
20
24
is less than
is greater than or equal to
the cube root of 2
is similar to
that is
probability of event E
ID Card 2 (Symbols) page xvii

1
5
9
13
17
21
is equal to
is less than or equal to
4 squared
is perpendicular to
per cent
pi
2
6
10
14
18
22
is approximately equal to
is not less than
4 cubed
is parallel to
therefore
the sum of
ID Card 3 (Language) page xviii

1
6
11
16
21
62=4
2
2+6=8
6 2 = 12
62=4
2
7
12
17
22
6+2=8
6
62=4
(6 + 2) 2 = 4
6+2=8
3
8
13
18
23
62=3
6 2 = 12
62 = 36
6+2=8
62=3
4
9
14
19
24
62=4
62=4
36 = 6
62 = 36
6+2=8
5
10
15
20
62=3
6 2 = 12
62=4
62=4
ID Card 4 (Language) page xix

1
5
9
13
17
21
square
trapezium
kite
circle
triangular prism
cylinder
2
6
10
14
18
22
rectangle
regular pentagon
scalene triangle
oval (or ellipse)
square pyramid
cone
3
7
11
15
19
23
parallelogram
regular hexagon
isosceles triangle
cube
rectangular pyramid
sphere
4
8
12
16
20
24
rhombus
regular octagon
equilateral triangle
rectangular prism
triangular pyramid
hemisphere
3
7
11
15
19
22
line AB
number line
obtuse-angled triangle
180
a = 60
circumference
4
8
12
16
20
23
ray AB
diagonals
vertices
a + b
3 180 = 540
semicircle
3
7
11
15
19
23
vertical, horizontal
right angle
revolution
vertically opposite angles
alternate angles
CAB = 60
4
8
12
16
20
24
concurrent lines
obtuse angle
adjacent angles
360
co-interior angles
CD is perpendicular to AB
3
7
11
15
19
23
ante meridiem
net of a cube
edge
rotation (or turn)
picture graph
bar graph
4
8
12
16
20
24
post meridiem
cross-section
axes of symmetry
tessellation
column graph
scatter diagram
ID Card 5 (Language) page xx

1
5
9
13
17
21
24
point A
2 interval AB
collinear points
6 midpoint
acute-angled triangle
10 right-angled triangle
ABC
14 hypotenuse
360
18 [b] a = b
AB is a diameter: OC is a radius.
AB is a tangent. CD is an arc. EF is a chord.
ID Card 6 (Language) page xxi

1
5
9
13
17
21
parallel lines
angle ABC or CBA
straight angle
complementary angles
transversal
bisecting an interval
2
6
10
14
18
22
perpendicular lines
acute angle
reflex angle
supplementary angles
corresponding angles
bisecting an angle
ID Card 7 (Language) page xxii

1
5
9
13
17
21
598
anno Domini
hectare
face
reflection (or flip)
coordinates
line graph
2
6
10
14
18
22
before Christ
regular shapes
vertex
translation (or slide)
tally
sector (or pie) graph
TR
TR
home
home
home

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NewSM9 5.1-5.

3 CB-Answers Page 528 Tuesday, June 15, 2004 11:23 AM

Basic skills and number

Diagnostic Test 1:02A

Diagnostic Test 1:02B

05, 0505, 055 b 84, 8402, 841 c 101, 1011, 11 2

Diagnostic Test 1:02D

Diagnostic Test 1:02C

001 , 002 , 003 , 0001 , 0002 , 0003

NEW SIGNPOST MATHEMATICS 9 STAGE 5.15.3

a 0888 89 b 0285 71 c 0538 46 d 0952 38 e 0363 64 f 0277 78

Prep Quiz 1:05

Try this with repeating decimals

Prep Quiz 1:06

Prep Quiz 1:07

Prep Quiz 1:09

Prep Quiz 1:10

Reading Maths 1:10

Take your medicine!

1 4 mg three times a day

2 three times a day, 6

NEW SIGNPOST MATHEMATICS 9 STAGE 5.15.3

a = 127 (angle sum of a )

e 45, 45 and 90 or 72, 72 and 36

Opposite sides parallel

Opposite sides equal

Opposite angles equal

Diagonals bisect one another

All sides equal

All angles right angles

Diagonals bisect angles through

Diagonals are equal

NEW SIGNPOST MATHEMATICS 9 STAGE 5.15.3

Challenge 2:01 Mixing drinks

part of A and only

Turning the sleepers on edge gives a volume of 0528 m 3.

Prep Quiz 3:01

b 75a cents c ab cents

Prep Quiz 3:02

NEW SIGNPOST MATHEMATICS 9 STAGE 5.15.3

Prep Quiz 3:03

Prep Quiz 3:04A

Prep Quiz 3:04B

Fun Spot 3:04

Try this maths-word puzzle

The mystery word is GRAM.

Prep Quiz 3:05

Prep Quiz 3:06

Prep Quiz 3:07A

NEW SIGNPOST MATHEMATICS 9 STAGE 5.15.3

The square of a binomial

Prep Quiz 3:07B

1 10x2 + 110x + 385

2 9x2 + 99x + 330

Using special products in arithmetic

c 1 008 016 d 5184

10 Answers will vary.

NEW SIGNPOST MATHEMATICS 9 STAGE 5.15.3

Prep Quiz 4:02

24%, 7%, 50%

c even chance of rolling each number

Prep Quiz 4:03

3 a getting an even number