Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
By
Name: Muhammad Faddel
NPM: 1111040135
Class: PBI C
1 Sanggam Siahaan, 2008, The English Paragraph, Yogyakarta, Graha Ilmu, p.1
language and that this familiarity would help them understand, so they can speak
and write better.
Unfortunately, English grammar sometimes makes Indonesian students confused
because it is different from the grammar of their mother tongue, so that the ability
of the Indonesian's students in grammar still low.
There are some additional for the importance of teaching grammar:
The grammar of foreign language is different and a new matter for students. When
his native language rulers are applied, he must make inference and or errors. This
brings a new problem in this foreign language.
The learner is unable to recall precisely all foreign language sentences that he has
learn to be used in communication. He has to know grammar to build sentences
productively to communicate.
As teacher, we must prepare variety of technique of teaching to help our
studentsstudy and acquire grammar especially, for mastering present perfect
tense. Sometimes this involves teaching grammar rules.
Based on the previous statement above the researcher conduct a research under
title The Influence of Snake and Ladders Games toward students present
perfect tense mastery at eight Grade ofSMP Pangudi Luhur Bandarlampung in the
academic year of 2014/2015
1.
Theorical Constribution
For the theorical contribution, the results of this research are expected to support the
previous theories about the influence of Snake and Ladders Game toward
students present perfect tense mastery.
2. Practical Constribution
For practical contribution, the results of this research are expected the teacher can use
Snake and Ladders game in teaching present perfect tense , and the students can
increase their grammar skill ability through this game.
I. Time of Research
The research will be conducted in academic year 2014/2015.
J. Theory
a. Concept of Teaching English as a Foreign Language.
Language is a system of vocal sounds and combinations of such sounds to which
meaning is attributed, used for the expression or communication of thought and feeling. 2
While Hornby states that language is a human and non-intensive method of
2 Michael Agnes, 2002, Websters New World College Dictionary, Wiley Publishing, Fourth
edition:Canada, p.805
communicating ideas, feelings and desires by means of a system of sounds and sound
symbols.3
Based on the explanation above, language is a tool of communication that use by many
people to express their feelings, ideas, desires in order to the people can understand what
they mean. Language is used many people build a good relationship each others.
English is one of more popular international foreign language that is used by many
people around the world. People use it to communicate or to interact with other people in
doing their daily activity life. English must be taught in order to the students are able to
compete in this global era. Many of the requirements, like getting jobs and continuing
study, need English skill. In teaching English as foreign language, the teachers should be
able to manage the classroom well. The teacher should be creative and manage the
classroom with interesting technique as Brown States, teaching is showing or helping
someone to learn how to do something, giving instructions in the study of something,
providing with language, and causing to know or understand. 4It means that teacher have
to make the students fell comfort and interest in studying subject by using a creative
technique so the students will focus on learning process.
b. Concept of teaching Grammar
Teaching grammar has always been one of the controversial issues in language teaching,
including English. There have always been many arguments about the best way of
teaching grammar. Different methods and strategies have permanently waxed and waned
in popularity. Richards and Schmidt (2002) defined grammar as a description of the
structure of a lane guage and the way in which linguistic units such as words and phrases
are combined to produce sentences in a language. It usually takes into account the
meanings and functions these sentences have in the overall system of the language.
3 A.S Hornby, 1987, Oxford Advanced Learners Dicionary, Oxford: Oxford University press, p.437
4H. Douglas Brown, 1994, Teaching Principle of Language and Teaching, Practice Hall Regents, New
Jersey, p.7
Nunan (2003) distinguished two types of grammar, namely prescriptive grammar, which
refers to rules concerned with right and wrong, and descriptive grammar which deals with
the ways people actually use language.
According to Richards and Schmidt (2002), in the past teaching language in general and
teaching grammar were synonymous. A number of methodologies have emerged with
regard to teaching grammar, one of which was the audiolingual method replete with
usually monotonous and mechanical drills. Two recent trends have emerged: focus on
form (Doughty and Williams, 1998) and consciousness raising (Fotos and Ellis, 1991).
Spada (1997) defined form focused instruction as "any pedagogical effort which is used
to draw the learners' attention to language form either implicitly or explicitly."
Consciousness-raising according to Larsen-Freeman (2001) does not require students to
produce target structures. In-stead, students are made aware of the target grammatical
item through discovery-oriented tasks. Finally, Brown (2001) postulated that whether you
choose to explain grammatical rules or not depends on your context of teaching.
K. Hypothesis
The writer formulates the hypothesis of this research as follows:
Ho: There is no influence snake and ladders-game toward students present perfect tense
mastery.
H1 / Ha : There is influence snake and ladders-game toward students present perfect
tense mastery.
L. Research Design
The writer use experimental method in collecting and analyzing the data. Experimental
Research involves a study of the effect of the systematic manipulation of one variable(s)
on another variable. The manipulated variable is called the experimental treatmentor the
independent variable.The observed and measured variable is called the dependent
variable.5
5 Donald ary,dkk, 2010, Introduction to research in Education, Wadsworth, Eighth Edition : Canada,
p.265
6 Setiyadi, Metode Penelitian Untuk Pengajaran Bahasa Asing Edisi 1, Graha Ilmu,
Jakarja, 2006, p.141
experiment class achievement. The pre-test will be done to both classes before the
treatment to know the students early achievement. Then the treatment will be done only to
the experimental class while for the control class will be taught by usual learning media.
The post-test will be done to both classes; the comparison will be done between the result
of the students achievement before the treatment and after the treatment. The result will
give an idea whether the media work or not.
2. Population
Arikunto said that population is all research subject. 7 While Setiyadi states,all
individuals which can be the target in research are called population.8 So the population of
this research is the students at tenth grade of SMA Pangudi Luhur Bandarlampung in
academic year 2014/2015. The population of this research consist of students including 2
(two) classes.
a. Sample And Sampling Technique
The sample of the research will be two classes, one class as the experimental class and one
class as the control class. Because there are only two classes of tenth grade at SMP
Pangudi Luhur, the writer will take both classes, they are X1 as experimental class and X2
as control class.
Arikunto said that if population is less than 100 then taken all, but if the population is more
than 100 then take 10-15% or more.9 Because the students of Senior High School
Tamansiswa Teluk Betung at the tenth grade is only two clasees, so the writer will take
7 Suharsimi Arikunto, Prosedur Penelitian Suatu Pendekatan Praktek Edisi Revisi Vi,
Rineka Cipta, Jakarta, 2010, p.134
8 Setiyadi, Op. Cit p.78
9 Suharsimi Arikunto, Op. Cit, p.134
both classes as a sampling technique that consist of 35 students each class. One is as an
experimental class and one other is as a control class.
b. Data Collection Technique
In this research the writer will use the data which come from:
1. Pretest
The pretest will be done to know the students ability before the treatment. The test
will be done by writing. The scoring will be based on the ideas, coherence, and unity.
The result of the test will be written in the scoring column on the paper.
2. Treatment
The treatment will be done to apply the writing process approach in students writing.
In order to assess the teacher in teaching writing and the students learn. For
experimental class the writer will teach the students by using Snake and Ladders
Game , and for control class the writer will use the teacher way.
3. Post-test
The post test will be done to know the students writing ability after they are taught
using writing process. The system and the difficulty of post-test will be same as the
pre-test, both of them will be used to measure the students writing ability in writing
after the Snake and Ladders Game applied.
3. To Research Instrument
In this research the instrument is test. The test will be in the form or written test. This
4.
This data was gained to find out the result score from the students in writing by
using Snake and Ladders Game s which applied into two classes, experiment and
controlled class. It was obtained from A class as an experimental class and B class
as a controlled class at SMA Pangudi Luhur Bandarlampung.
2. Observation
The data from observation was conducted by the writer to help him easier in
reporting the research report, this data analyze about the teaching-learning process
were conducted by the English teacher in the classroom.