.

NET basics
IL code
JIT(just in time)

Why is ithalf compiled ?

CLR
CTS
CLS
CAS
where do we use CAS
What has happed for CAS .NET 4.0 ?

How does the .NET code compile ?

Managed code
Assembly
DLL and EXE

Manifest
how do you do versioning

What are strongly typed and weakly typed

references ?
What is DLL Hell ?
what is ref and out ?
Strong names

Delay signgin
sn.exe

Value and Reference types

Stack , heap
boxing , unboxing
Does unboxing and boxing bring down performance ?
How can we avoid Boxing and unboxing ?

Garbage collector
How does the GC run
Does garbage collector clean unmanaged code ?
Do I need to write clean up code for managed
objects ?
So what do I do for unmanaged ?
What kind of problems do we have with destructors
from GC pewrspecticve ?

What are gen0 ,1 and 2?

Finalize a.k.a destructor

how to ensure that lot of objects are not created in
Gen 1 with class having destructor ?
What is Dispose function ?

Finalize and Dispose

can we force garbage collector

What are namespaces ?

OOP
Why do we need object oriented programming ?
Important principles
How is the reusability problem solved in OOPs ?

What is a class and what is aobject

Encapsulation
How do we implement encapsulation
Can namespace span across DLL

Abstraction
Abstraction and Abstract classes
difference between Abstraction and Encapsulation

Private , public , protected etc

What are constructor and desctructor ?

Inheritance parent child which constructor fires first
What is multiple interfaces are implemented
How to prevent inheriting futher
What is Static classes ?
How to prevent object creation
Where do we use the same ?
Inheritance(:)

Polymprphism

Method overloading
What are the different ways of overloading

What is virtual and override keyword ?

Whats the difference between overloading and

overriding ?

Dynamic polymorphism
Static Ploymorphism

What is a interface

What is the use of interface ?

Point to be remembered for interfaces

can we define public , private acess modifiers in
interface ?
Do implemented classes need to implement all the
methods of a interface ?
Can we create a object of interface or abstract class

partial classes
use of partial class
Abstract and virtual
Multiple constructor with parameters

what is a abstract class ?

What are abstract method and non-abstract method ?

Point to be remembered for Abstract classes

Abstract classes and interfaces

Can we have static methods in Abstract class ?
I have a interface IMyInterface which is implemented
by class1 and class2 , I want to add some more
functions and methods to the interface , what should I
do ?
Multiple code level inheritance
versioning

operator overloading
Delegates
create and invoke a delegate

Use of delegate
Delegate and interfaces
Multicast delegate(+= , -=)
Use of Multicast delegate
What is Unicast ?
Events

Difference between delegates and events

Asynchronous delegates
covariance and contravariance(.net 4.0)
Shadowing

Shadowing and overriding

Shadowing practice
Property indexer
1.1 collection differences

Difference between Array and Arraylist

What is a generic list
Generic confined the type
Hashtable
Stacks and Queues
Are there any performance problems with normal .NET
collection ?

Regex and validation

GAC

how do we register in GAC ?

If you have different versions ?

satellite assembly
Delay signing
Generics

What are generic collections / Where have you used

generics
Does generic improve performance
Threading
How do we use threading
can we set thread priority
threading can we stop and suspend
Background and foreground thread
readonly and constant

What is reflection ?
In what scenarios we would use reflection ?

hod o you do reflection

What is Serialization ?
what is indexer
ASP.NET and Webservices
Objects in ASP.NET
Autoeventwireup

Autoeventwireup
IIS , PORTS and Website

Application pool concept

HttpHandler and httpModules

HttpHandler

.ASHX
HttpModule

Create a HttpModule

Create a HttpHandler

ASP.NET application and page life cycle

What logic should be written in what events ?

What is the difference between render and pre-render
?
What is a ISAPI ?
UI controls ( buttong , text box , drop down ..
why do you need Session ?
how do we do Session management in ASP.NET ?
how do we implement Inproc session management in
Asp.Net ?
Are session variables are local to a user ?

What is a viewstate ?
What is difference between viewstate and session
variables ?
What are the problems with viewstate

What is web farm ?

What is a loadbalancer?

What is web garden ?

How to implement web garden ?

Why do we need a outproc session ?

How can we do out proc session

What are server side session management and client
side management ?
Whats the life of session ?
state server

How can we cache a ASP.NET page ?

What are the various ways by which you can cache
your page ?
How can we cache the whole page and sections of
the page should be dynamic ?
Cache whole opage
Whole page dynamic and sections of the page is
cached

Whole page achced and sections of the page is

dynamic
How can we cache as per location
What is a Application and Cache object ?
What is the difference between cache and application
object ?

What is cache dependency ?

If cache dependencies changes does it reload the
depedency ?
Absolute and sliding
what is scavenging ?
Postback

Autopostback
Ispostback
Configuration setting in web.config

Server.transfer and response.redirect

Authentication
Authorization
How do you know the user logged in to ASP.NET
system ?
What are different ways of authentication and
authorization

What is Forms Authentication ?

What does actually a ticket mean ?

What is windows authentication ?

What is passport authentication ?

how can we implement Windows authentication ?

How can we do Forms Authentication ?

What are cookies
what if cookies are diabled in forms authentication ?

Single sign on

How can we implement Single sign on ?

aspnet membership and roles

how does ASP.Net membership roles work ?.

Debugging and Tracing in ASP.NET

how can we do tracing in ASP.NET pages
whats the problem with trace=true

How can we configure tracelisteners and source ?

What is the namespace ?

Ajax

What is updatpanel
what is script manager?

What is Script manager proxy ?

Enablepartial rendering

How can we consume webservices in Ajax ?

What is Jquery ?

Difference between datagrid , datalist and repeater

Gridview and datagrid

Paging in datagrid
SQL Server
Database and Tables
SQL
self/equi joins
Referentrial integrity

Normalization

Normalization

Denormalization
When should we use normaliztion and denorm

Indexes

Balance tree
Clustered indexes
Non-Clustered indexes

When will use a clustered index and not clustered

index ?
Self join
inner join
left jon
right join
cartesian
case statements

Select all rows from both tables

in group by if we put a column which is not in group
what wuill happen
cross join / cartesian
Stored procedures
What is advantage of SP over inline SQL
What are triggers ?

What are types of triggers ?

What are inserted and deleted ?

Functions

Difference between function and stored procedure

How to handle errors in Stored procedures
Paramters in Stored procedure

profiler

optimzation
sql plan
sql server locking

SQl injection
How can you avoid SQL injection

SSIS
SSRS
SSAS
Difference between delete and truncate ?
ADO.NET
What are ADO.NET components ?
Whats the difference between Dataset and datareader
?

In what scenarios we will use a dataset and

datareader ?

How do you connect to ADO.NET

how do you load a dataset
Dataview
Command object methods

how can we use stored procedure in ADO.Net

Wht connection.close
How do you write and read using XML using ADO.Net
Problems of Locking

optimistic and pessimistic

how can we do optismistic locking in ADO.Net ?

Pessimistic locking

Scnearios of pessimistic and optimistic

What is a transaction ?

how can we implement trans

Connection pooling

How do you pass parameters t stored procedures

how can you automatically fill command object
Datarelation
nerge
Reporting
Where do you get Crystal reports ?

How did you create report using crystal reports

how to provide inputs to crystal report

Remoting , Webservices and WCF

What is Appdomain ?
What's the advantage of Appdomain ?

What is the use of remoting ?

How do you create a remoting object ?

Problems with remoting

Comparison of DCOM and remoting
remoting objects life time

what is a webservice ?
How can we do webservice security
UDDI and DISCO

What is WSDL ?
What is SOAP ?
What is difference between Webservice and Remoting

What is Service Oriented Archotecture ?

Why WCF ?
What is WCF ?
What is Address binding Contract ?

What is Service contract , Operation contract and

Data contract ?
namespace of WCF

what's the difference between WCF and Webservices ?

What are the different hosting mechanisms of WCf
services ?
how do host in IIS ?

How do you do self hosting ?

When should we go for Self hosting and when to go
for IIS

What are the important bindings/

BasichttpBinding and WshttpBinding
How to secure basichtppbinding

Ho can we do debugging and tracing in WCF

How can we do transaction in WCF ?

WCF Security

WCF Transport

WCF overloading is it allowed

Dynamic polymorphism
WCF Duplex
WCF message
WCF Instancing
WCF concurrency
WCF REST
WCF integration
LINQ and EF 4.0

What is LINQ
What is a Entity class
What is data context
How do we declare 1 to many and 1 to 1 relation
LINQ to SQL
Optimization using data load options
CRUD example using LINQ
Call Stored procedures using LINQ

LINQ locking
PLINQ
LINQ transactions
DBML
WPF and Silverlight
GDI , GDI + and Directx

Simple WPF application

Rendering in WPF application
Architecture of WPF
What is silverlight ?
Architecture of Silverlight
Animation fundamentals in Silverlight

What are different way of silverligjt layoutin..

What are the different ways of binding the silverlight
UI with .Net classes and objects ?
In what scenarios you will use what ?
How can we connect froom Silverlight to SQL Server

Why not directly ?

Consume WCF service in Silverlight

Database operations using Silverlight

Prism
MVVM
WWF
WWF architecture
Composite and leaf activities
Sequential and State machine work flow
Simple example of WWF
State machine work flow
Design patterns

Which design pattern have yu used ?

Design patterns
What are the categories of Design patterns
Factory pattern
Abstract Factory Pattern
Builder Pattern
Prototype Pattern
Where is prototype used ?
Singleton Pattern
How did you implement singleton pattern ?
We can achieve the same by cache and application
we can achieve the same by using static object
Adapter Pattern
types of adapter pattern
Bridge Pattern
Composite Pattern
Decorator Pattern
usages of decorator
Facade Patetrn
Flyweight Pattern
Proxy Pattern
Mediator Pattern
Memento Pattern
Interpreter Pattern
Iterator Pattern
COR Pattern
Command Pattren
State Pattern
Strategy Pattern
Observer Pattern
Template Pattern
Visitor Pattern

DIIOCConcept Pattern

What is MVC,MVP and MVVM

How is MVP

Model view controlle

How do you implement
Strongly types
What is html helper
But how did the models
How to you write form action / hyperlinks
Authentication and Authorization
What are routes
validation

MVP and MVC

When to use these patterns

UML
Use Case Diagrams
What does use case have normally ?

How did you document your requirement ?

What are primary actors and secondary actors ?

In which format did you gather your uses cases
How did you show relationship n uses cases

How did you translate your requirement to design ?

Class Digrams

How do you denote a class diagram in UML ?

How to demote public , private and protected in class
diagram

Structures VS classes
How do we define relationships in UML

What is composition and aggregation

How can denote inheritance ?
How can we denote abstract classes and interfaces
Object Diagrams
Sequence Digrams
how did you draw a sequence diagram ?
How do you show synchronous and asynch messages
Recursive message
Conditcion

Message branching

Collaboration Diagrams
Activity Diagram
Parallel processing , partionting and conditions
State chart Diagrams
Component Diagrams
Deployment Diagrams
Stereo Types Diagrams
Package Diagram
UML Project Flow

Functionpoints
Introduction
EI Fundamentals
EO Fundamentals
EQ Fundamentals
EIF Fundamentals
ILF Fundamentals
GSC Fundamentals
Productivity Factor
How did you reconcile
How did you accommodate SDLC
RUP
What is Agile
How did you do Agile
What are the principles in Agile
What is Agile SCRUM ?

How does SCRUM process work

When Agile and Waterfall ?

How did you code review?

Role of your current project(SDlC)

simplicity your projects

Can you explain the architecture of your

current project ?

What software process did you follow for your

project ?
How did you test your project ?
How did you do requirement for your project ?
technical Design
Acceptance
How did you do unit testing in .NET ?
Summary
Speak abt yourself
OOPs
.net basic
asp.net
Why Gap ?
Differences ( .NET , ASP.NET and SQL Server)

HLD and LLD

Key words
Partially compiled code
IL code to machine language
So that at run time we can detect the machine
configuration , operating system give out optimized
machine compiled code.
Heart of the engine , GC , compilation , CAS(Code access
security) , CV ( Code verification)
Common data type for different .net languages so that
integration is seamless
Sepcification / Guidliness of the source code
It helps assign the .NET code permission of what they are
capable of doing.
When we consume third party components which are not
safe
write the code (c#,vb.net,c++.net)-- compiles to a IL code
-- CLR gives it to JIT -- JIT compiles to the machine specific
language
x`
Its a unit deployment ( EXE , DLL)
EXE - Self starting , DLL - You have to link
it describes more about the assembly ( Meta data):Versioning, References , dependent objects , Security ,
Scope
Assemblyinfo.cs / right click properties -- assembly
information
They help you to identify the publisher. Strong typed means
we identify the DLL with a public key token while weak
references are just simple references and identified only by
class names
versioning done here
They ensure that the class name is unique to avoid
confusion
This is meant to protect DLL identity from your internal
team developers , public key is give to the developer
byextracting using SN.EXE -p , when you ready to go for
production you will onject the private key in the DLL SN.EXE
-R

Values types int , double , bool etc , Reference types objects

and strings. Value types are allocated on stack and
reference types are allocated on heap. Value types are
stored on different memory locations while reference types
point to the same memory location
They are memry types .Stack has value types , heap has
reference types
Box - Convert from value to reference , unboxing - reference
type to value
yes they do bring down performance because data has to
jump between heap and stack memory types.
You can not avoid it just minimize it
garbage collection is continous back ground thread which
keep running and claims unused managed memmory.
Its run in background
No
No, GC is smart to figure out unused objects and clean them
up
You need to write the cleanup in destructor
lot of objects created in gen1
Age of the objects.Gen 0 has newly created objects , gen 1
has objects which are bit older , while gen 2 has objects
which is more older than gen 1.This is for GC optimization ,
garbage collector checks Gen 0 frequently rather than Gen
1 and Gen 2.
Its a desctructor for cleaning up unmanaged
objects.Decreases performance because of objects move
more to Generation 1. The time GC sees a destructor in a
class it moves them to Gen 1
Implement Idisposable -- Expose a Dispose function -- Call
GC.SuppressFinalize
Its method exposed for clean up for client,Idisposable ,
Dispose , GC.SuppressFinalize
Finalize is a destructor and dispose is function which is
implemented via Idisposable.Finalize is nondeterministic
since we dont call it. It is up to the GC to call it. However
dispose gives more control to the developer to perform
cleanup. Since we can call it explicitly.
Yes , GC.Collect

They help us to logically group classes.

1.No thinking in terms of real world 2. Reusability 3.

Extensibility 4 Simplicity and maintainability
APIE (OOPs ( Encapsulation , inheritance , Polymorohish and
Abstraction))
Its solved by using classes and creating objects wherever
necessary

Class -> Blue print , template , Objects -> Bring life in Class
, they make them live
Hide the complexity and make your object simple for
external world.
Encapsulation is implemented by using access modifiers
yes , namespace are logical grouping of classes they can
span
Show only what is necessary and its more a thought
process and abstraction is implemented by encapsulation
Abstraction is OOPs concept and Abstract classes is half
defined classes
Abtsraction complement Encapsulation , Encapsulation
implements abstraction
Private - Only with in Class , Public - Seen everywhere ,
Protected - With in same class and inherited classes ,
Internal - Within same class and same project and Protected
internal is combination of protected + internal i.e. with in
same class , iherited class and same project file.
Constructor(same name as class name with no return type)
- initialization purpose , while destructor(~) is for cleaning
purpose.
Parent Constructor fires first and then child.
It will qualify with interface name
use the sealed keyword
Static object has ony instance of the object created through
out your application.
Create the constructor as private
In Singleton pattern
Depicts parent child relationship between classes

objects will act different in differently under different

situation
You can have same method name with different number /
types of parameters and depending on different parameters
and types the appropriate functions will be invoked.
types , order , ref m out do it
Virtual keyword gives permission to its child classes to
override the function / method. The child classes will then
use the override keyword to override the same.
Overloading we have same method / function names with
different signatures ( input types) while overriding is a child
parent concept where we override functionalities of the
parent class.
Method overriding and Virtual. You point your parent class
object to child class objects to fire the necessary
implementation on runtime. Even interfaces can be used to
implement dynamic polymorphism
Method Overloading , we call same method with different
input parameters
Its looks like a class but has no implementation. It has only
empty definition of methods , functions, events , indexer.
to Establish a standard contract/standardization , to
decouple classes, dynamic polymorphism( runtime
bhevior) ,version , multiple inheritance

Interface keyword is used to define interfaces.

Interface can not have field variables.
Interfaces can not have implemented functions and
methods.
All methods in a interface in child class needs to be
implemented.
Interface can be used to implement run time polymorphism.
You can implement multiple interfaces.
All interface methods are public
No , by default everything is public.
Yes
No

splits a class in to 2 plhysical files. But when the compiler

runs he compiles them in to one class.
designer based code.
Abstract no implementation and virtual has implementation
Half defined parent class / base class and child classes
provide concrete implementation, like a generalization and
specialization
Abstract method will not have any implementation while
non-abstract methd will have implementation they are
normal .NET methods

An abstract class cannot be a sealed class.

An abstract method cannot be private. You can have
protected and internal if you want to.
The access modifier of the abstract method should be
same in both the abstract class and its derived class. If you
declare an abstract method as protected, it should be
protected in its derived class. Otherwise, the compiler will
raise an error.
An abstract method cannot have the modifier virtual.
Because an abstract method is implicitly virtual.
An abstract member cannot be static.
Interface is a contract / standardization while abstract class
is a half defined class for increasing reusability. Interface is
forced implementation while abstract class is reusability via
inheritance.
Yes
Create a new interface with additional methods or inherits
from the interface and create a interface with methods and
apply them. This ensure that the current contracts do not
get disrupted.

Operator overloading is a concept of plymorphism where

you can redefine operators like + , - , * etc with additional
functionalitiues. For instance we can redefine the +
functionalities to add numbers like 1+1,
Its a abstract strong typed pointer to a function
Declare , Create , point and invoke.

Delegates helps for call backs. So if you have huge task

running in multithreaded manner and you would like to get
messages from that task you will use delegates.
Delegate is at method level while interfaces are at class
and object level.
It helps them to point to multiple functions and execute
them sequentially.
For boardcasting to multiple classes
When one delegate point to one function its called as
unicast.
Events encapsulates(hides) delegates. They are useful for
boradcasting , publisher and subscriber
Events use delegates internally. Delegates are pointer to
function while events encapsulates ( hiudes) delegate
function. In event clients can only subscribe while in
delegates the client can subscribe as well as call all the
functions of the delegates.
Begininvoke and endinvoke , calls the methods of delegates
asynch , for parallel execution.
This helps to point delegates in a very generic fashion
It replaces the complete element of the parent class. Like
method becomes a variable
in shadowing the complete elements is replaced and in
overriding you only replace the implementaton while the
type remains same.
Should avoid Shadowing as far as possible.

Array - Fixed , ArrayList - resizable , Array has performance

improve ment as no boxing and unboxing takes place while
in array list it does , Arraylist can not store mutiple data
types while array has fixed data types
Strognyl typed list and improves performance by avoiding
boxing and unboxing
public class cls<T> where T : String
Stores the value as hashed key , good for comparison , but
bad in terms inserting valies
First in first out and last in first out
yes boxing unboxing happens

Regex is nothing pattern matching and then validating the

data using the pattern
To share the assembly across multiple application in the
same computer (C:\WINDOWS\assembly)
Give strong name to DLL by click on the signing tab -second you use thr GACUTIL -I to register the assembly in
GAC
Use Bindingredirect , Oldversion and newversion
Its a compiled DLL which has images , text files any
resource files. In other words no can tamper with your
images , text files , icons etc.
Its to increase reusability by seperating logic and data type
and its strong typed.
Generic collections enable simple .NET collections to be
generic enabled. So a normall List can be attached with any
data type and we can avoid casting
Yes , type casting is avoided
Threading is used to do pararellel execution.
Create the thread object , pass the method name using
thread start and call the start function.
ThreadPriority
yes by using thread.start , suspend , stop

BY using System.reflection you can read meta data like

properties , methods and also if needed you can invoked
the methods and functions dynamically.
technological tools like VS IDE , code reviews tools like
Fxcop , unit testing NUNIT etc
Import system.rflection , get the type of t he object using
gettype and then you can browser through functio an
dproperties , to invoke use the invokemember
Helps to store in memory object in file and dessrialization
means read the value from file and bring it in memory back.
They are smart arrays

request , response , context , session and application

When the request is send to the server from a UI element

like button , drop down etc the postback happens
Application pool helps you to isolate one website from the
other website. So if that website the other websites
affected. It acts a logical boundayr.
They are means by which you can inject pre/postprocessing logic before the request reaches the page
/gif/html
HttpHandler is extension based processor.
Its nothing but Httphandler below , they helps us to display
data which does need asp.net pages and thus they improve
performance
HttpModule is a event based processor
Create a class ,implement IhttpModule, attach events with
your methods and register the class in web.config in
httpmodule tag
Create a class implement IhttpHandler , define
implementation for processrequest, register the class in
web.config with file extensions in httphandler tag
environment created(request , response , context) - http
module event ( begin request etc) - httphandlers ( page
extensions) - page event (S/ILVER)-http module (end
request)
init (add controls dynamically), load(write logic),validate(fire
your valdation),event(ui element events),prerender(changes before HTML is generated) , render
( changes before HTML is sent to the browser) and Unload
( clean up)
Pre-render event happens just before the HTML is
generated while render event happens when the HTML is
sent to the browser.

HTTP is a statless protocol and in order to remember states

during postback we need session variables
inproc (session object), outproc ( sql server and state
server)
by using session object of ASP.NET
Yes

Its meant for session management and it uses hidden fields

internally.Viewstate is a way to manage session using client
browser , it uses hidden fields internally.
Viewstate value is accessed only in the current page while
session variables can be accessed in different pages also.
Securuity
Many times our current load demand increases. We can
then create Web farm which has two or more servers to
meet the load.On the front end there is load balancer who
routes the load to the appropriate server on load basis.
Loadbalancer helps to decide which server the request
should be routed. There are many load balancers one of the
is Windows NLB ( network load balancer) in windows server
You would like your IIS processes to run on different
processors of the machine rather than loading only one
processor.
In the process model tag ( web.config or machine.config)
provide the CPU mask value in decimal quivalent of the
binary.
Outproc sessions are needed in web farm environment
step 1 - create session tables using ASPNET_REGSQL , Step
2 : Set <sessionState mode="SQLServer" with
connectionstring point to the database where session tables
where created.

Session time out or when the user closes the browser

aware used for outproc session
By using the <%@ OutputCache Duration="20"
Location="Client" VaryByParam="*" %>

Param , Headers , Custom and UserControl.

By using ASP:Substituion ( post cache substituion)
outputcache directive at page level
Outputcache directive at usercontrol levele.

Substituion control.
location = server , downstream , client
They help to create global objects in Asp.Net application.
In cache we can define dependency while application
objects we can not define depedency.
you can define 3 kins of dependency file , time and key. If
these dependencies change then the cache object becomes
null.
No Cachdepedency does not have automation , we need to
write t he code of refresh and reload.

When your user control sends data to the server postback

event happens
When you want to send data to server as soon as the value
changes in the control. Its a simple property which we need
set on the control.
Its a page property tpo check if the postback has happened
or not
in the appsettings
response.redirect has a double trip while server transfer
transfers control from the server itself. Using
response.redirect you can redirect cross domains while
server transfer you can redirect only between pages of the
same domain.
Who the user is?
What rights does the user has ?
using principal and identity objects which belongs to
System.Security namespace.
Windows , Forms and Passport
Its a ticket based authentication . Tickets are passed via
URL or stored in cookie file at the user browser.
Ticket is a identification saying that you are a valid user. By
using ticket you do not need to send userid and password
again and again. Userid and password are sent first time ,
ticket is generated and later this ticket identifies your
security role and rights.
In this the users are validated from windows local users and
groups.

In this the users are validated from microsoft sites like

hotmail , devhood , MSN etc , ticket is generated and that
ticket can be used to do authentication . Autho in your web
application.
Create users in yours windows user group -- in web.config
file define <authentication mode="Windows"/> -<deny users="?"/> Deny anonymous users - map page
name and roles.
Authentication mode = forms in web.config file
,FormsAuthentication.RedirectFromLoginPage/Authenticate
Cookies are files which are created in the end users
computer to track behavior etc.
Its passed via browser URL.
Single sign on is a concept where you login to one website
and it automatically authorizes and authenticates other
websites.
Create a machine valudation key using (using
RNGCryptoServiceProvider) - define the same machine
validation key in to the web.config file for all websites which
will be coming in the single sign on -- use forms
authentications
It helps to expedite your development for authentication
and authorization by giving ready made user and roles
tables , user interfaces and API to connect to those tables.
run aspnet_regsql -- do web.config configuration
( connectionstring , providers and roles) -- call the API from
your ASP.NET behind code
(Membership.CreateUser,Roles.CreateRole and
Membership.ValidateUser)
Tracing is a way to monitor the execution of your ASP.NET
application. You can record exception details and program
flow in a way that doesn't affect the program's output.
Trace=true
our debugging is shown to the end users , so we need to
use tracelisteners
In web.config file define your source and listeners , in your
code create the trac object and start sending
messages(trace.write)
It logically groups calsses together

Ajax is a technology by which you can do asynhcrounous

processing and only the ncessary values are posted rather
than posting the whole page. Performance and great user
experience.
Updatepanel is a component which ensures that your server
objects become Ajax enabled.It logicall groups them so that
only that data is posted.
It injects the necessary javascript to ensure your ajax
update panel runs.
In Ajax we can have only one script manager. But there are
condition like master pages where we would need two
script manager
This enables asynchrounous processing
In Script manager proxy give asp:servicereference and give
ASMX path and use javascript to call the objects
Jquery is javascript library to make your javascript
development simpler.
Datagrid displays everything as table , datalist has tables
but gives flxibility like number of columns to displayed ,
while repeates is highly customizable, performance goes
first repeater , then list and finally grid
Gridview is the sucessor of datagrid,Automatic handling of
sorting, paging, updates, and deletes,Additional column
types and design-time column operations, rich design
capaibilities

Its a database design technique to avoid repetitive data.

3 normal form , 1st normal form Break is Smallest unit , 2nd
all data should depend on the primary key fully , 3rd
normal form Any non key field should not depend on other
non key fields of the table
Its combining multiple table data in one table thus avoiding
joins for performance imporvement ex - reporting
applications
Normalization ( integrity , avoide redudant) and denorm
( faster treival , reporting etc)

Indexes helps to make your search faster by using balance

tree( B tree) concept
Its a tree structure with leaf nodes having actual data , non
leaf node and root node. So rather than browsing through
records sequentially it zeroe's on range of records , this
making your search faster
The leaf node points to actual data
Leaf node points to a pointer and that pointer points to
actual data
You will choose fields with unique values as clustered
indexes while fileds which participate in search criterias you
will select them as non-clustered indexes.

SELECT
FROM

*
Customer INNER JOIN
CustomerPaid ON Customer.Id =
CustomerPaid.Id
union
SELECT
*
FROM
Customer left JOIN
CustomerPaid ON Customer.Id =
CustomerPaid.Id
union
SELECT
*
FROM
Customer right JOIN
CustomerPaid ON Customer.Id =
CustomerPaid.Id

Query will no fire

Stored procedures are SQL Server objects which have one
or many SQL statements
They are precompiled and thus increases perforance
( parsing , plan and then execution)
Trigers are logic which you want to execute insert , delete
and update operation on a table

After trigger ( fires after the operation )and instead of

trigger ( before the operation). Operation means insert ,
update delete

It returns a scalar value and is called from stored procedure

Function reduce redudant code in SP.Function - You can not
change data while in stored procedures you can , can return
only one value while SP returns multiple values, functions
can be called inside a SP but not the vice veras
using Raiserror function , give message severity and state
input , ouput , return( only one)
Its a simple listerner tool which tracks what kind of SQL
statements are fired on your SQL server and using it you
can do debugging and improve performance using
performance tuning wizard
Create indexes ( balance tree), SQL Plan ( Table scan or
Index scan) , SQL profiler and Data tuning advisor for
getting suggestion of indexes
Describes how your SQL statements will execute.
set isolation level read committed etc etc in stored
procedure
It is a Form of attack on a database-driven Web site in which
the attacker executes unauthorized SQL commands by
taking advantage of insecure code on a system.
Do proper validation,use stored procedures and avoid on
the fly SQL concatenation.
SSIS helps us to do ETL ( Extraction - Transformation and
Loading). We need to create a Business intelligence project
define source , transformation and destination and run the
DTS package.

Connection , Command , Dataset , dataadapter ,

datareader(2C and 3D)
Dataset(back and forth) - works disconnectly , CRUD ,
reader works connecteldy

Dataset :- When you want to take group of records ,

modify/browse in offline mode( move back and forth) and
then send the whole changes online. Datareader :- You have
huge number of records and you want browse in the
forward onnly direction
connection , Command , ExecuteNonQuery/ExecuteQuery ,
use it and close it
connection , Command , Dataadapter , load dataset by Fill
method , use it and close it
Helps to search, sort filter dataset
Executereader , executenonquery and executescalar
ObjCommand.Commandtype =
CommandType.Storedprocedure , give the stored procedure
name
To ensure the SQL Server resources are released
readXML , WriteXML function of dataset object
Dirty Reads,Unrepeatable reads,Phantom reads and Lost
updates
Pessimistic means locks are acquired when the record is
fetched until the updation and optimisitic means locking is
acquired when the data is updated
dataset and dataadapter by default supports optimistic
locking , timestamp,checking old values and new values
Read committed( reads data which is committed) , Read
uncommitted ( reads data which is yet not committed),
repetable read ( No updates allowed)and Serializable
(Exclusive lock no updates , insert and selects).
Transactional screens / data enty screen where large
number of users,critical batch processes done at the end of
the day or year( closing of accounts).
When you have group of statements . Process doing insert
update and delete , you would want either all of them pass
or either all of them fail.
call begintransaction in connection object ,
committransaction or rollback, in stored procedure begin
tran tr1 and commit tr1
Reuse the connection object rather than reusing from
scratch.In connection string specify pooling=true

dataset is collection of tables with relationship and

recordset has only tables
Paramater collection of command object
Command builder.

Its free available in VS

used RPT file -- Define my data sources -- Finally uses the
reportviewer to display the RPT file on the UI.
By parameter field

Appdomains make logical boundary / isolation inside a

process. Process -- Appdomains(task and application).
If one Appdomain crashes the other Appdomain or the
whole process is not closed / terminated.
It helps to make remote method calls to objects which are
residing in different appdomain. These Appdomain can be
located in a different geographical location or different
networks.
Create a interface -- Implement the object by creating
MarshalbyRef -- Host your server object using
Remoting"RegisterWellKnownServiceType" -- Create the
client to call the service"Activator.GetObject".
Client and server can be only in .NET language ,
complicated, Faster than other remoting technologies, pick
and choose Channel and formatter ( customization)

Webservice is a technology by which you can expose your

business functionality on HTTP using SOAP XML format.
specify windows , passport , forms and pass credentials
through the client proxy object
Helps to search and discover your webserbvice from the
UDDI directory

Its a meta data which shows what are the methods ,

properties , datatypes exposed by a service
Its a XML protocol which is defined how your service and
client communicate.
Webservice(Cross language , only Http) , Remoting ( only
.NET platform , Any protocol)

SOA is nothing but desigining your system in self contained

services which communicate via standard messages thus
making your services loosely coupled. Services -- Self
contained , Orchestrate , Industry Standard messages ,
Reliable , Aynshcrounous message , Cross plat form
describe and discover

It was to satisfy SOA principles of WS-* specification.

WCF = Webservices + remoting + COM plus + MSMQ
Address - where is it hosted , Binding - how is the protocol ,
Contract - what is the interfcae
Service contract - Service name , Operation contract - Your
methods and functions , data contract - Custom data type ,
data member - property and functions of your data contract
System.ServiceModel
Webservices = WCF - ( remoting( multiple protocols) + COM
plus ( transactions) + MSMQ(queueing))
IIS , Self hosting or WAS server
By suing the SVC file we can host our service on IIS
Create object of Service host , provide Address ( Uri) ,
Binding ( Wshttpbinding) , Contract ( Interface) and open
the host.
Http go for IIS ( we getready made features like always
running , process recycling,security,ssl etc), For other
protocols go for self hosting
BasicHttp ( Like webservice plain text) , WsHttp ( Like basic
with encryption) , TcpBinding ( To use TCP protocol for
services ) , NetNamesPipe ( With in the same machine ) ,
MSMQ ( WCF integration with Queuing mechanism)
basic is plain text while Wshtpp is encrypted
use SSL on webservices

In Web.config <system.diagnostics> specify WCF trace

source objects like System.ServiceModel , message logging
etc. , then use the Svtraceviewer tool to see the mesagges
1 . Operation contract define TransactionFlow , 2. In
Web.config file make your Binding as transaction flow as
true 3. In client side call the services in one transaction
scope with rollback and committ.
Transport , message and transport + message
SSL , Specify in config file https in address tage , Specify
security mode and install SSL in your WCF services
[ServiceContract]
interface ICalculator
{
[OperationContract(Name="AddIntegers")]
int Add(int a,int b)
[OperationContract(Name="AddDouble")]
double Add(double a,double b)
}

Per call , persesion and single instance

Single , Multiple , Rentrant
Helps to expose your WCF service via simple HTTP get and
post

Its a OR mapper technology ,2 important use 1 - BO , DAL

and Mapping , 2 - General Queries which can fired on any
data store.
Its a Business object which has mapping with the data
store.
Its the data connection layer to load the entity object with
data
Entity set for 1 to many and entity ref for 1 to 1

insertonsubit , deleteonsubmit , submitchanges

Using the function attribute

PLINQ executes two linq queries parallely

By using the transaction object of data context class
Database markup language

WPF is for creating windows application , the user interfaces

can be represented using XAML and it uses directx
internally.

Its a plugin which runs inside the browser. It can run on

cross platform and cross browser.

Stack panel ( one above another ),Canvas ( we specify left

and top), Grid ( If you want layouting using table structure ,
rows and columns)
One way ( UI to BO), two way( UI <-> BO) and one time( BO
to UI).
One time binding - reports , Transaction screens two way ,
Pure input screen one way.
By using WCF services.
Because silverlight is a plugin which is a downsized
version .NET framework and it does not have system.data
WCF service should have client access policy and cross
domain , from silverlight you need to call the data
asynchrounously
You can not call System.data directly from silverlight , so
you need to call the WCF service and WCF service will do
the necessary data operations

So pick your best pattern corelate it with your project and

speak about it. Share global fdata
Design patterns are tried and tested solutions for recurring
design problems.
Creational , Structural and Bheviorial
Factory centralized object creation of same heirarchy.
Abstract Factory sits on the top of factory patterns for
generalized obejct creation.
It does cloning of objects.
Audit trail , differences of objects , cancel and revert
Helps to create one instance of the object.
Create a class with private constructor and define your
object as static and expose it
Its technology specifc and not a generalized solution
if you want to adapt your current method names to new
method names probably third parties.
Object adapter and class adapter.
Uniform interfaces
Adding logic on existing logic kind of plug and play.
Maintenace code addition , plug and play validation.
Simplified interfaces

Browse the data in a encapsulated manner

Sequence process is same and you want to override the

process

DI helps to inject depedent objects in to a class. DI injection

can be implemented by Unity app block / Windsor castle

These are GUI architectural pattern with only one intention

of seprating the UI Logic , state and synchronization in to a
separate class.
Hit come to UI first , from there he calls presenter clas ,
presenter call the model and present then send updates via
a interface to the UI. UI --> I --> P - M
Sepearetes Action , View and Data by using controller class.
We have template MVC template which helps to automate
the same. In odld asp.net we will httphandler which was
tedious
MVC template ( 4.0)
Model is binded view
It helps to automate HTML code.
Entity frameowrk / LINQ
By poiting to the controller action.
Windows authentication and Forms authenticaion
This helps to customize the controller and action names to
more user friendly name
Data annotation ( attributes)
First hit to the UI , First hit to the controller/MVP presenter
takes care of logic , controller takes care of logic as well as
statmanagement
If you have complicated UI code , MVC is mostly used for
ASP.NET , MVVM is used for Silvetrlight and WPF becaiuse of
rich command objects, MVP is not used currently because of
less automation
UML is a modelling language which helps us to document
and design our software application.
Its helps us to document "What" of the system from user
point of view.
Use cases are task having scenarios and Actor executing
those scenarios
Step 1 :- We identified the task which where nothing but our
use cases , Step 2 :- For every use case we wrote down
main scenario / alternate scenario and actors responsible
Primary actors are the users who are the active participants
and they initiate the use case, while secondary actors are
those who only passively participate in the use case.
Company Template in word document
By Extend and include

We has already gathered the requirement using use cases

and also relationships where between them using the
include and extend, we use these use cases and identified
nouns ( classes) and verbs ( they became our methods and
functions) , relation ship between classes where identified
by extend and include of use cases. Later for complex
scenario we use Sequence diagram / Collobaration. We also
had a over all architecture diagram which depicted
hardware , components and logical grouping by using
Component , Deployment and package.
Class diagrams shows the static structure of project. They
help us visualize the classes and relationships between
them
Its denoted with square divided in to 3 section , top section
has class name , middle section has properties and last
section has operation / function / methods
(+) Public , (-)Private , (#) protected , internal
Struct complex data type , groups value types while classes
represent real world objects. Its used where you are
creating large number of objects and you do not want GC
collector to stress. Structure are technical objects while
classes represent real world.
by multiplicty (1-*)
Composition - life time of dependent objects are same ,
Aggregation :- Life time of dependent objects are not same
and they can exist without each other. Composition is
shown by filled diamond while aggregation is shown by
empty diamond.
Empty traingle arrow key.
{} - Abstract classes , <<>> - Interfaces
Object diagrams over a period of time.
The objects in rectangle on the top side -- message by
arrows and object life time vertical rectangles.
Synch by dark arrow and asynch by thin arrow key
By small rectangle in a big rectangle
Inside Square bracket

By two rectangles with condition and branching arrows from

the same.
It shows the same information as sequence diagram but the
emphsais is more on messages than life time of the objects
Activity diagrams depicts complex flow of a system
Shows by dark bar , Swimlanes for partitioning , Diamond is
for conditions

Agile is a principle which means accept changes

Used SCRUM
Accept changes , Interaction with customer , people ,
working code
Scrum is a methodology to implement agile
Customer Prepare Product back log -- priortizes them -development team breaks them in to sprint -- every srpint
has daily stand up meet( Today , yesterday,problems) -Every week retrospective -- After sprint give chance of
changing

Water fall - requirement is fixed , Agile -- If requirements will

change or evolve.( Time to market)

Mostly automation and the process

I was involved in all phases of SDLC cycle.Requirement( use
cases , activity) - Design(Class , ER diagrams , Sequence /
Collboaration) -coding / unit testing (NUNIT)- SIT - UAT - go
live(junior ( coding) helped out ,poc( proof of concept) ,
pm / archotect) - end to end.
The applicaton was a integrator between indian chemical
companies and EICA to provide certifications for Indian
chemical companies as per EICA standards

It was a tiered architecture , UI / BO and DAL. With UI in

ASPX pages , BO in normal .NET classes and data access
layer helps to fire SQL queries on SQL Server. We had used
singleton pattern and factory patterns in the project.
We followed normal SDLC model. In requirement we wrote
the use cases , design we created classes and DB
diagrams , finally we coded and unitested and went live.

I do understand HLD but most of the times we have created

a overall index of LLD and then expanded in to details. The
use of HLD is mostly to verify before investing in LLD that
are we in the right direction , to take approval from stake
holders.
HLD has 5 section
Overall all architecture diagram ( Deployment , Component
diagram , package diagram)
Overall Road map ( 3 tier , MVC , MVP MVVM)
technology
Unit testing
Load test startergy
POC :- Proof of concept
LLD
Overall detail architecture diagram
Class diagrams ,
Object diagrams ,
Sequence / Collaboration ,
DB design
In depth test stratergy
Psedu-code

Your answer

Create a simple windows screen , which has

supplier name , supplier code , supplier date ,
button calculate payment date , supplier date + 1
month

Create a simple project with page1.aspx and

page2.aspx , create a simple buttong and in the
button click redirect from page1.aspx to
page2.aspx in the button click event

dev
dev
dev

dev

declare @count1 int

set @count1= dbo.getfunctioncount()
print(@count1)

xxxx

xxx
xxx
xxx
xxx
xxx
xxx
xxx
xxx
xxx

xxx

Its a internal ATM management system in

ASP.NET which has various functionalities
creating Contracts , Customer report , hand bills ,
Scheduling etc.

Architecture patter ( 3 tiuer MVC MVVM)

Describer each layer database normalization
Each layer DI , FA
3 more layers
Caching and global component
validation
External integaration -

JSP and servlets

Struts 1.x/2 (MVC)
Spring (MVC)
Java Server Faces (rich faces)
Hibernate (ORM)
JPA (ORM)
EJB (persistance)
JAXB ( parsing XML)
JDOM (parsing xml)
Java Fx
SCM tools
Apache ant
Maven
Svn repository
CVS repository
Database
Oracle
Sybase
PostgreSQL
MySQL
Ms sql
Application servers:
IBM Web sphere
Jboss
Web logic
Unit testing:
JUNIT
test ng
Sproing unit
Cache solutions:
JBoss cache
EHCache
OS cache
PDF library:
itext
Reporting:
Jasper
BIRT
Actuate
Profilers:
JMeter
Infra red

foreach (DataRow objrow in objdataset.Tables[0].Rows)

{
}
// step 6 Close it
obj.Close();
}
private void LoadDatareader()
{
string strCon = "Data Source=QUESTPON-SRIZE2;Initial
Catalog=Sales1;Integrated Security=True";
// Step 1 - Create connection and Open
SqlConnection obj = new SqlConnection(strCon);
obj.Open();
// Step 2 :- Create the command object with SQL query
SqlCommand objCommand = new SqlCommand("insert into customer
values('1003','xxxw')", obj);
// Step 3 :- Get the SQL reader object
//SqlDataReader objreader = objCommand.ExecuteReader();
objCommand.ExecuteNonQuery();
// Stp4 :- use it
//while (objreader.Read())
//{
// Response.Write(objreader["CustomerName"].ToString());
//}
// step 5 Close it
obj.Close();
}
}
}