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Conclusions
The automated rule-based constructability review process is
expected to produce significant potential benefits, in terms of
automational, informational, transformational, and visual effects
(based on Fox and Hietanen, 2007):
Technology
People
Transformational:
As
the
proactive feedback is enabled in the
design process, the transformational effects will be through
the change in process. The proposed process is expected to
pull the constructability knowledge into the design process
and encourages designers to produce a more constructible
design.
Future Research
Future work can focus on three directions:
developed and tested in the research are merely about formwork selection. Further investigation is needed to develop a
comprehensive set of reasoning rules of design-related constructability issues.
Schematic
Design
Database of
Constructability
Rulesets
Design
Development
Construction
Documents
BIM Contents
Structural System
Superstructure
CIP Concrete
Seismic Applications
Non-Seismic Applications
Gravity Systems
Normal Reinforcing
2 Way Flat with Drop Panel
Location
Dimension (e.g. height, thickness, etc.)
Reinforcing
...
Others
Lateral Systems
Misc. Members and Items
Acknowledgements
Bob Grottenthaler
Barton Malow Company
Kurt Maldovan
Balfour Beatty Construction
Sub-structure
Architecture System
Technical Systems (i.e. mechnical, electrical, plumbing systems)
Focusing on reinforced concrete structure, one case study, shown in Figure 1, is the Turkish-American Community Center at
Lanham, Maryland. This project has 5 buildings interconnected via an underground parking facility, including a mosque. The
complex has a gross floor area of approximately 316,000 square feet, more than 95% of which is constructed with cast-in-place
concrete. One of the 5 buildings has a one-story steel structure, and thus is not considered in this study. Given cultural concerns, the
project design has incorporated traditional mosque features such as domes and minarets, resulting in a range of different formwork
systems used in the project.
As shown in Figure 1, the knowledge regarding formwork decisions captured from project team are compared with available BIM
contents accordingly, demonstrating the ability of using BIM to provide upfront feedback and facilitate early planning and decisionmaking.
Knowledge Representation
Rule Execution
This part of research will use a case study to test the rule-sets of
formwork selection, as a test case with validated logic to support
means and methods rules. Solibri Model Checker will be used as
the platform for rule execution.
Process Modeling
Figure 7: Case Study Project: Coppin State Sci. & Tech. Center
SD
Construction
Knowledge
DD
Construction
Knowledge
CD
Construction
Knowledge
EXPERT
Constructability
Feedback
USER
BIM Model
Preparation
Database of
Rule-sets
Database of
Rule-sets
Database of
Rule-sets
Figure 9: Overall process of automated rule-based constructability reasoning (based on Eastman et. al, 2009)