PH105 Spring 2015 Study Guide for Unit Exam #2 (chapters 7-13)

This list is not comprehensive (for example, wrong distractor answers may also test understanding additional
concepts, and some questions use ideas from multiple chapters), but it will be representative, to help you narrow
some of your focus while you study for this exam. You must bring your own scientific calculator (but not a
communication device), pencil, and eraser.
You may bring and consult one 8.5x11 page with formulae/notes on both sides. DO NOT BRING TWO
PAGES, OR ANY SCRAP PAPER. NO COMMUNICATION DEVICES WILL BE ALLOWED! The exam
will consist of approximately 15 content-related multiple-choice questions, roughly half will be conceptual or
simple calculations, and half will be more quantitative (problem-solving).
You will be expected to be able to apply Newtons laws to any (or all) situations.
Chapter 7:
Understand the work-kinetic energy theorem and how it relates to changes in speed. And thus be able to
calculate the necessary breaking force from the distance traveled by an object slowing down given the
initial velocity, and the mass of the object.
Use the conservation of mechanical energy to comparing the position and velocity of a massive object on the
end of a spring at two different displacements.
Chapters 8
Know the relationship between mass, velocity, height, kinetic, and potential energy.
Know the relationship between work done on a system, and the change of total energy of, the kinetic energy of,
and the potential energy of a system, as well as the energies of the objects in that system.
Know the general (mathematical) relationship between a generalized force and potential energy. If you are
given the expression for potential energy, be able to calculate the expression for the corresponding force.
Chapter 9:
Know when momentum and/or energy are conserved, in general (e.g. what is conserved during projectile
motion) and in collisions. If energy is not conserved, be able to calculate the energy lost to (work done
by) non-conservative forces during such collisions.
Be able to use the conservation of momentum to calculate final velocities given masses and initial velocities of
two colliding objects. Be able to distinguish an internal force from an external force, and thus when
momentum is conserved.
Be able to calculate the velocity of objects after an elastic, and/or a perfectly inelastic collision, given the
masses and initial velocities of the objects.
Be able to calculate the change of momentum of an object before and after a collision, and then the impulse
required. Relate the impulse to an average force over a given span of time for the collision.
Chapters 10 & 11
Know the definitions of centripetal and tangential acceleration, and linear and tangential displacement and
velocities for objects with combinations of linear and rotational motions.
Understand the constraints for the cases of rolling and a rope wrapped around a pulley that does not slip.
Know the concept of rotational inertia (also known as the moment of inertia) and why various objects and
various rotational axes lead to different values for this type of inertia. Know the relative values of the
inertias for cylinders (solid, like a disk, & hollow, like a pipe), and spheres (hollow, & solid, like a ball).
Be able to calculate the mass of an object given its shape, size, and angular acceleration while subjected to a
given torque.
Know the relationship between angular velocity and rotational energy, for various regular shapes, and how to
conserve total mechanical energy as such shapes roll up and down a slope.
Calculate the angular speed and rotational energy of a system of objects after a perfectly inelastic collision
while one object is initially rotating and the second, initially, is not (given the mass and distance from
the axis, and/or the rotational inertia). Consider that angular momentum, and its conservation, is
analogous to linear momentum.
Chapter 12
Use Newtons 2nd law to calculate the net torque of masses that are moved to various locations along a see-saw
(a massless board over a pivot).

Know the relationship between Youngs modulus and the change of length due to an applied force. Be able to
calculate the length of a cable given its diameter, a value for Youngs modulus, the original length
(without an applied force), and an applied force.
Know the relationship between the bulk modulus and the change of volume due to a change in pressure. Be able
to calculate a ratio of changes in volume given a ratio of pressures and a ratio of sizes for two solid
objects with given bulk moduli.
Chapter 13:
Know the relationship between the force of gravity, mass, and distance for an object in circular orbit around
another object.
Considering moons in circular orbit around a planet, know the relationship between the orbital period and radius
of the orbit. Also know how this relationship depends on the mass of the moon (assuming the mass of
the moon is much less than the mass of the planet).