Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
CONSULTANTS: Sir William Codrington, Professor Jon Wonha m , Bill Coo per
PRODUCER: Peter Wilde
WRITER : Pat Mitchell
DIRECTOR: Chris Setchell
WAR NING
Any unauthorised copying, lending, exhibition, diffusion, sa le, public perfo rma nce or oth er exploitation of the accompa nyi ng video is
strictly prohibi ted and may res ult in prosec ution .
INTRODUCTION
Introduction
2 The video
Sources - cleaning
6 Summary
10
10
11
11
2 The video
11
12
15
5 Maintenance
16
6 Security
16
17
8 Summary
18
19
APPENDIX
20
20
VIDEOTEL PRODUCTIONS
OBJECTIVES
Those taking part in the training programme will :
THE PROGRAMME
PART 1 covers where oily water comes from, how to min imise the quantity reaching the
bilges and how to control the content of the water so that the OWS and the OCM are able to
function correctly
PART 2 covers how the separator and the DCM work, how to operate and maintain them,
simple security precautions and an outline of the new generation of separators
Ea ch part of th e programm e is divid ed into sec tion s. If you don't have tim e to run all of either part, you
ca n run som e section s separately. Fo r exa mple, you could di sc uss oper atin g th e se parator in one short
trai ning session and m aintaining it in anoth er. If you d o, show th e vid eo in th e f irst session and don 't
leave too m uch of a gap between sessions.
THE VIDEO
Th e video show s a co nversa tion between an experienced engineer and a stu dent who is nea rin g the end
of her un iver si ty degree in mech ani ca l enginee ring and is co nsiderin g a ca ree r at sea . The exper ienced
eng in ee r explains and disc usses why it is im portant to handle oily w ater proper ly and how t hat is done.
Th e vid eo is in two pa r ts, each lasting approximately 15 minutes .
THE REGULATIONS
The appendix to the guide contains copies of the following regulations from MARPOL, Annex I:
VIDEOTEL PRODUCTIONS
1 INTRODUCTION
Explain that:
Ask them if they know what 15ppm means. It is roughly a coffee cup of oil in 20m3 of water.
2 THE VIDEO
Explain that the video shows a conversation between an engineer officer and a student who is
nearing the end of her university degree course in mechanical engineering and is has been
asked by her professor to do a project on " real engineering".
Show the video .
There are many sources of oily water - such as leaks, spills, overflows and condensation
Good housekeeping can reduce the quantity of oily water coming from many of these sources.
A leak that drips every second can put 30 or 40 litres into the bilges in a day
Cleaning is a particular issue
Controlling the content, as well as the quantity, of the oily water that reaches the bilges is
important. If it contains too much oil the separator may struggle to cope with it. If it contains
impurities such as soot, the OCM may not work properly
VI DEOTE L PRODUCTIONS
5 SOURCES - CLEANING
Discuss and identify improvements in the procedures for the following cleaning tasks:
6 SUMMARY
Summarise the action points which you have agreed. Agree a timescale fo r implementation.
10
VIDEOT EL PRODUCTIONS
1 INTRODUCTION
Explain that:
PART 2 of this short training programme covers how the separator and DCM work, how to
operate and mainta in them, including tackling faults, simple security precautions and an
outline of the new generation of separators
As in PART 1, you will show them a video lasting about 15 m inutes, followed by a discussion
about the points raised in the video . The main objective of t his discussion is to identify and
agree ways of handling oily water better on your ship. Stress that you want their ideas and
suggestions
2 THE VIDEO
Remind the group that the video shows a conversation between an engineer officer and a
student who is nearing the end of her university degree course in mechanical engineering and is
considering a career at sea. In PART 1 they discussed the sources of oily water. In this part they
talk about how oily water is dealt with.
Show the video.
11
Separation starts in the holding tank. Because oil and water have a different specific gravity,
the static mixture of the two liqu ids in the tank will separate, with oil rising to the top, wh ich
from there can be drawn off into a waste oil tank. This lowers the concentration of oil in the
water towards the bottom of the tank, making it eas ier for the separator to deal with
The present generation of separators contain two stages:
12
VIDEOTEL PRODUCTIONS
13
14
VIDEOTEL PRODUCTIONS
You may wish to stress the following general points which were covered in the video :
15
VIDEOTEL PRODUCTIONS
5 MAINTENANCE
Discuss the PMS for your separator with the group.
They must stop the separator runn ing as soon as the fault develops, rather than waiting until
they have identified the problem. There must never be any r isk that water with an oil content
above the 15 ppm Limit could be discharged overboard .
They must avoid any temptation to break or bend the rules. If a problem arises which can
only be solved by doing something illegal, that is an issue for the shore office to sort out.
6 SECURITY
The video highlighted the use of:
16
VIDEOTEL PRODUCTIONS
That is why the IMO has introduced a revised set of gu idelin es and specifications for separators. These
are set out in M EPC.107[491.
MEPC stands for "Marine Environment Protection Committee". This is a committee of the International
Maritime Organization - the IMO. The numbers simply tell us that this is the Committee 's 107th
resolution, passed at their 49th session. The full title of the resolution is:
"Revised guidelines and specifications for pollution prevention equipment for machinery spaces
of ships"
In addition to the usual introduction, explanation of the background and definitions, the resolution
contains:
17
VIOEOTEL PRODUCTIONS
"Installations fitted to ships, the keel of which are Laid or which are at a similar stage of
construction on or after 1 January 2005; and
To new installations fitted on or after 1 January 2005 to ships, the keel of which were laid or
which were at a similar stage of construction before 1 January 2005 in as far as is reasonable
and practicable"
The requirements for design, manufacture, testing, type approval and so on are very detailed, but tell the
group that the good news for ships' engineers is contained in the following single paragraph :
"It should be understood that a 15ppm Bilge Separator must be capable of handling any oily
mixtures from the machinery space bilges and be expected to be effective over the complete
range of oils which might be carried on board ship, and deal with oil of very high relative
density, or with a mixture presented to it as an emulsion. Cleansing agents. emulsifiers,
solvents or surfactants used for cleaning purposes may cause the bilge water to emulsify.
Proper measures should be taken to minimise the presence of these substances in the bilges
of a ship. With the possibility of emulsified bilge water always present the 15ppm Bilge
Separator must be capable of separating the oil from the emulsion to produce an effluent with
an oil content not exceeding 15ppm ..
Explain that a number of manufacturers have already risen to this challenge using a variety of technical
approaches, including centrifuges, sophisticated membranes, biological systems and evaporation. If your
company is introducing new generation separators, explain the approach on which they will be based .
8 SUMMARY
Summarise the action points which you have agreed . Agree a timescale for implementation.
18
VIDEOTEL PRODUCTIONS
PART 1
Name three sources of oily water
2
Name three different types of impurities which may prevent the OWS or the OCM from
working properly
Why are heating coils used in the bilge holding tank and the separator?
What should you do if the separator develops a fault while you are operat ing it?
10 What should you do to the separator once you have completed a cycle of separation?
PART 2
1
4 Why are heating coils used in the bi lge holding tank and the separator?
5
How is the discharge of oil and water contro lled in the first stage of the separator?
What should you do if the separator develops a fault while you are operating it?
What should you do to the separator once you have completed a cycle of separation?
10 Name two of the principles on wh ich the design of the new generation of separators
is based
11 Why is it necessary to check the ship's posit ion at the beginning and end of separation?
12 Why is it good practice to lock flanges and valves w ith plastic seals and padlocks?
19
MARPOL, ANNEX I
CHAPTER 1 GENERAL
Regulation 4: Exceptions
CHAPTER 3 REQUIREMENTS FOR MACHINERY SPACES OF ALL SHIPS
PART B - Equipment
Regulation 14: Oil filte r ing equ ipment
PART C - Control of operational discharge of oil
Regulation 15: Control of the discharge of oil
A: Discharges outside special areas
B: Discharges in special areas
C: Requirements for ships of less than 400 gross tonnage
in all areas except the Antarctic area
D: General requirements
20
VIDEOTEL PRODUCTIONS
extracts have
photocopying.
purpose of
or its equipment:
.2.1 provided that all
damage or discovery of
discharge; and
.2.2 except if
owner or
recklessly and with
.3
Administration,
Part B - Equipment
Regulation 14 - Oil filtering equipment
SEE INTERPRETATION 18
jurisdiction it is
2
Except as specified in paragraph 3 of this regulation, any ship of 10,000 gross
tonnage and above shall be fitted with oil filtering equipment complying with paragraph 7 of
this regulation.
SEE INTERPRETATION 20
3
Ships, such as hotel ships, storage vessels, etc. , which are stationary except for
non-cargo-carrying relocation voyages need not be provided with oil filtering
equipment Such ships shall be provided with a holding tank having a volume adequate, to
the satisfaction of the Administration, for total retention on board of the oily bilge water. All
oily bilge water shall be retained on board for subsequent discharge to reception faci lities.
4
The Administration shall ensure that sh ips of less than 400 gross tonnage are
equipped, as far as practicable, to retain on board oil or oily mixtures or discharge
them in accordance with the requirements of regulation 15.6 of this Annex .
5
The Administration may waive the requirements of paragraphs 1 and 2 of this
regulation for:
.1
.2
any ship certified under the International Code of Safety for High-Speed Craft (or
otherwise within the scope of this Code with regard to size and design) engaged on a
scheduled service with a turn-around time not exceeding 24 hours and covering also
non-passenger/cargo-carrying relocation voyages for these ships,
.3
.3.5 the quantity, time, and port of the discharge are recorded in th e Oil
Record Book Part I.
SEE INTERPRETATION 7
6
Oil filtering equipment referred to in paragraph 1 of this regulation
shall be of a design approved by the Administration and shall be such as will
ensure that any oily mixture discharged into the sea after passing th ro ugh
the syst e m ha s an oil co ntent not exce eding 15 parts per million. In
considering th e design of such equipment, the Administration shall have
regard to the specification re commended by the Organization .*
7
Refer
the Recommendation on international
and test
for oily-water
equipment and ail content meters,
by the
by Assembly resolution A.393(X), or the Guidelines
and
for pollution prevention equipment for machinery space bilges
ships.
by the
Marine Environment Protection Committee by resolution MEPC.60(33), or the Revised
and
for
prevention equipment for machinery space
of ships,
Environment Protection Committee
resolution MEPC. 07(49).
Chapter
for Machinery
Part
of
to the
of regulation 4 of this annex and paragraphs 2, 3, and 6 of
any discharge into the sea of oil or oily mixtures from
shall be
2
Any discharge into the sea
and above shall be prohibited
en route;
is
.1
the
.2
.3
.4
and
.5
.2
on oil
cargo
in special areas
d
above shall
.1
1
and
not
or oily mixtures
sh
prohibited
.3
oil content of
without dilution
not
.4
and
.5
from
4
In
any ship
of the Antarctic area, any discharge into the sea of oil or oily mixtures from
be prohibited.
5
Nothing in this
special area from
this
for
6
In the case of a ship of
than 400
either be
on board for subsequent
into the sea in accordance with the following
.1
.2
the
is proceeding en route;
the ship has in r.norrmn
ensures that the oil content
the
of a
not
15 parts
per
million;
.3
on oil
and
.4
the oily
in case
ts
Whenever visible traces of oil are observed on or below the surface of the water in the
vicinity of a
or its wake, Governments
Parties to the
Convention should, to
extent they are reasonably able to do so, promptly investigate
the
bearing on the issue of whether there has been a violation of the provisions
of this
The
should
in particular,
wind and sea
conditions, the track and
ship,
sources of
visible traces in the
vicinity, and any
records.
norman