Raspberry Pi

B,[19] with the US$25 model A remaining on sale.

RPi redirects here. For other uses, see RPI.

The Raspberry Pi is a series of credit card-sized singleboard computers developed in the UK by the Raspberry 1 Hardware
Pi Foundation with the intention of promoting the teaching of basic computer science in schools.[4][5][6]
In the above block diagram for model A, B, A+, B+;
The original Raspberry Pi and Raspberry Pi 2 are model A and A+ have the lowest two blocks and the rightmanufactured in several board congurations through most block missing (note that these three blocks are in a
licensed manufacturing agreements with Newark ele- chip that actually contains a three-port USB hub, with a
ment14 (Premier Farnell), RS Components and Egoman. USB Ethernet adapter connected to one of its ports). In
These companies sell the Raspberry Pi online.[7] Ego- model A and A+ the USB port is connected directly to
man produces a version for distribution solely in China the SoC. On model B+ the chip contains a ve point hub,
and Taiwan, which can be distinguished from other Pis with four USB ports fed out, instead of the two on model
by their red colouring and lack of FCC/CE marks. The B.
hardware is the same across all manufacturers.

1.1 Processor

The original Raspberry Pi is based on the Broadcom

BCM2835 system on a chip (SoC),[1] which includes
an ARM1176JZF-S 700 MHz processor, VideoCore IV
GPU,[8] and was originally shipped with 256 megabytes
of RAM, later upgraded (models B and B+) to 512
MB.[2][9] The system has Secure Digital (SD) (models A
and B) or MicroSD (models A+ and B+) sockets for boot
media and persistent storage.[10]

The SoC used in the rst generation Raspberry Pi

is somewhat equivalent to the chip used in older
smartphones (such as iPhone / 3G / 3GS). The Raspberry
Pi is based on the Broadcom BCM2835 system on a chip
(SoC),[1] which includes an 700 MHz ARM1176JZF-S
processor, VideoCore IV GPU,[8] and RAM. It has a
Level 2 cache of 128 KB, used primarily by the GPU,
In 2014, the Raspberry Pi Foundation launched the Comnot the CPU. The SoC is stacked underneath the RAM
pute Module, which packages a BCM2835 with 512 MB
chip, so only its edge is visible.
RAM and an eMMC ash chip into a module for use as
While operating at 700 MHz by default, the rst gena part of embedded systems.[11]
eration Raspberry Pi provided a real world performance
The Foundation provides Debian and Arch Linux ARM
roughly equivalent to 0.041 GFLOPS.[20][21] On the CPU
distributions for download.[12] Tools are available for
level the performance is similar to a 300 MHz Pentium
Python as the main programming language, with supII of 1997-1999. The GPU provides 1 Gpixel/s or 1.5
port for BBC BASIC[13] (via the RISC OS image or the
Gtexel/s of graphics processing or 24 GFLOPS of genBrandy Basic clone for Linux),[14] C, C++, Java,[15] Perl
eral purpose computing performance. The graphics caand Ruby.[16]
pabilities of the Raspberry Pi are roughly equivalent to
As of 18 February 2015, over ve million Raspberry Pis the level of performance of the Xbox of 2001.
have been sold.[17] While already the fastest selling British
The LINPACK single node compute benchmark repersonal computer, it has also shipped the second largest
sults in a mean single precision performance of 0.065
number of units behind the Amstrad PCW, the Personal
GFLOPS and a mean double precision performance of
Computer Word-processor", which sold eight million.
0.041 GFLOPS for one Raspberry Pi Model-B board.[22]
In early February 2015, the next-generation Raspberry A cluster of 64 Raspberry Pi Model-B computers, laPi, Raspberry Pi 2, was ocially announced.[18] The beled Iridis-pi, achieved a LINPACK HPL suite renew computer board will initially be available only in sult of 1.14 GFLOPS (n=10240) at 216 watts for c.
one conguration (model B) and features a Broadcom US$4,000.[22]
BCM2836 SoC, with a quad-core ARM Cortex-A7 CPU
and a VideoCore IV dual-core GPU; 1 GB of RAM with
remaining specications being similar to those of the pre- 1.1.1 Overclocking
vious generation model B+. Crucially, the Raspberry Pi
2 will retain the same US$35 price point of the model The rst generation Raspberry Pi chip operated at 700
MHz by default and did not become hot enough to need
1

a heat sink or special cooling, unless the chip was overclocked. The second generation runs on 900 MHz by
default, and also does not become hot enough to need a
heatsink or special cooling, again overclocking may heat
up the SoC more than usual.
Most Raspberry Pi chips could be overclocked to 800
MHz and some even higher to 1000 MHz. There are reports the second generation can be similarly overclocked,
in extreme cases, even to 1500 MHz (discarding all safety
features and over voltage limitations). In the Raspbian
Linux distro the overclocking options on boot can be done
by a software command running sudo raspi-cong without voiding the warranty. In those cases the Pi automatically shuts the overclocking down in case the chip reaches
85 C (185 F), but it is possible to overrule automatic
over voltage and overclocking settings (voiding the warranty). In that case, one can try putting an appropriately
sized heatsink on it to keep the chip from heating up far
above 85 C.
Newer versions of the rmware contain the option to
choose between ve overclock (turbo) presets that
when turned on try to get the most performance out of the
SoC without impairing the lifetime of the Pi. This is done
by monitoring the core temperature of the chip, and the
CPU load, and dynamically adjusting clock speeds and
the core voltage. When the demand is low on the CPU,
or it is running too hot, the performance is throttled, but
if the CPU has much to do, and the chips temperature is
acceptable, performance is temporarily increased, with
clock speeds of up to 1 GHz, depending on the individual board, and on which of the turbo settings is used. The
ve settings are:

HARDWARE

On the rst 256 MB release model B (and model A),

three dierent splits were possible. The default split was
192 MB (RAM for CPU), which should be sucient for
standalone 1080p video decoding, or for simple 3D, but
probably not for both together. 224 MB was for Linux
only, with just a 1080p framebuer, and was likely to
fail for any video or 3D. 128 MB was for heavy 3D, possibly also with video decoding (e.g. XBMC).[26] Comparatively the Nokia 701 uses 128 MB for the Broadcom VideoCore IV.[27] For the new model B with 512
MB RAM initially there were new standard memory
split les released( arm256_start.elf, arm384_start.elf,
arm496_start.elf) for 256 MB, 384 MB and 496 MB
CPU RAM (and 256 MB, 128 MB and 16 MB video
RAM). But a week or so later the RPF released a new version of start.elf that could read a new entry in cong.txt
(gpu_mem=xx) and could dynamically assign an amount
of RAM (from 16 to 256 MB in 8 MB steps) to the GPU,
so the older method of memory splits became obsolete,
and a single start.elf worked the same for 256 and 512
MB Pis.[28] The second generation has 1 GB of RAM.

1.3 Networking
Though the model A and A+ do not have an 8P8C
(RJ45) Ethernet port, they can be connected to a network using an external user-supplied USB Ethernet or
Wi-Fi adapter. On the model B and B+ the Ethernet port
is provided by a built-in USB Ethernet adapter.

1.4 Peripherals

none; 700 MHz ARM, 250 MHz core, 400 MHz

SDRAM, 0 overvolt,

Generic USB keyboards and mice are compatible with the

Raspberry Pi.[10]

modest; 800 MHz ARM, 250 MHz core, 400 MHz

SDRAM, 0 overvolt,

1.5 Video

medium; 900 MHz ARM, 250 MHz core, 450 MHz

SDRAM, 2 overvolt,
high; 950 MHz ARM, 250 MHz core, 450 MHz
SDRAM, 6 overvolt,
turbo; 1000 MHz ARM, 500 MHz core, 600 MHz
SDRAM, 6 overvolt.[23][24]
In the highest (turbo) preset the SDRAM clock was originally 500 MHz, but this was later changed to 600 MHz
because 500 MHz sometimes causes SD card corruption.
Simultaneously in high mode the core clock speed was
lowered from 450 to 250 MHz, and in medium mode from
333 to 250 MHz.

The video controller is capable of standard modern TV resolutions, such as HD and Full HD, and
higher or lower monitor resolutions and older standard CRT TV resolutions; capable of the following: 640350 EGA; 640480 VGA; 800600 SVGA;
1024768 XGA; 1280720 720p HDTV; 1280768
WXGA variant; 1280800 WXGA variant; 12801024
SXGA; 1366768 WXGA variant; 14001050 SXGA+;
16001200 UXGA; 16801050 WXGA+; 19201080
1080p HDTV; 19201200 WUXGA.[29] It can generate
576i and 480i composite video signals for PAL-BGHID,
PAL-M, PAL-N, NTSC and NTSC-J.[30]

1.6 Real-time clock

1.2

RAM

The Raspberry Pi does not come with a real-time clock,

On the older beta model B boards, 128 MB was allocated which means it cannot keep track of the time of day while
by default to the GPU, leaving 128 MB for the CPU.[25] it is not powered on.

3
As alternatives, a program running on the Pi can get the
time from a network time server or user input at boot
time.
A real-time clock (such as the DS1307) with battery
backup can be added (often via the IC interface).

1.7

Specications

1.8

Connectors

Location of connectors and ICs on original Raspberry Pi Model B.

Location of connectors and ICs on Raspberry Pi B+
rev 1.2, and Raspberry Pi 2 Model B.

HAT (Hardware Attached on Top) expansion boards

Together with the model B+, inspired by the
Arduino shield boards, the interface for HAT boards
was devised by the Raspberry PI Foundation. Each
HAT board carries a small EEPROM (typically a
CAT24C32WI-GT3)[62] containing the relevant details of the board,[63] so that the Raspberry PIs OS
is informed of the HAT, and the technical details of
it, relevant to the OS using the HAT.[64] Mechanical
details of a HAT board, that use the four mounting holes in their rectangular formation, are here: .
More info here: .

2 Software
2.1 Operating systems

1.9

GPIO connector

The Raspberry Pi primarily uses Linux-kernel-based

RPi A+, B+ and 2B GPIO J8 40-pin pinout.[57] Models operating systems.
A and B have only the rst 26 pins.
The ARM11 chip at the heart of the Pi (pre-Pi 2) is based
Model B rev 2 also has a pad P6 of 8 pins oering access on version 6 of the ARM. The current releases of several
popular versions of Linux, including Ubuntu,[65] will not
to an additional 4 GPIO connections.
run on the ARM11. It is not possible to run Windows on
Models A and B provide GPIO access to the ACT status
the original Raspberry Pi,[66] though the new Raspberry
LED using GPIO 16. Models A+ and B+ provide GPIO
Pi 2 will be able to run Windows 10.[67] The Raspberry Pi
access to the ACT status LED using GPIO 47, and the
2 currently only supports Ubuntu Snappy Core, Raspbian,
Power status LED using GPIO 35.
OpenELEC and RISC OS.[68]

1.10 Accessories
Camera On 14 May 2013, the foundation and
the distributors RS Components & Premier Farnell/Element 14 launched the Raspberry Pi camera
board with a rmware update to accommodate it.[58]
The camera board is shipped with a exible at cable
that plugs into the CSI connector located between
the Ethernet and HDMI ports. In Raspbian, one
enables the system to use the camera board by the
installing or upgrading to the latest version of the
OS and then running Raspi-cong and selecting the
camera option. The cost of the camera module is 20
EUR in Europe (9 September 2013).[59] It can produce 1080p, 720p, 640x480p video. The footprint
dimensions are 25 mm x 20 mm x 9 mm.[59]

The install manager for the Raspberry Pi is NOOBS. The

operating systems included with NOOBS are:
Archlinux ARM
OpenELEC[69]
Pidora (Fedora Remix)
Puppy Linux[70]
Raspbmc[71] and the XBMC open source digital media center[72]
RISC OS[73] The operating system of the rst
ARM-based computer

Gertboard A Raspberry Pi Foundation sanctioned

device, designed for educational purposes, that expands the Raspberry Pis GPIO pins to allow interface with and control of LEDs, switches, analog signals, sensors and other devices. It also includes an
optional Arduino compatible controller to interface
with the Pi.[60]

Raspbian (recommended for Raspberry Pi 1)[74]

Maintained independently of the Foundation;[75]
based on the ARM hard-oat (armhf) Debian
7 'Wheezy' architecture port originally designed
for ARMv7 and later processors (with Jazelle
RCT/ThumbEE, VFPv3, and NEON SIMD extensions), compiled for the more limited ARMv6 instruction set of the Raspberry Pi. A minimum size
of 4 GB SD card is required. There is a Pi Store for
exchanging programs.[76][77]

Infrared Camera In October 2013, the foundation

announced that they would begin producing a camera module without an infrared lter, called the Pi
NoIR.[61]

The Raspbian Server Edition is a stripped version with fewer software packages bundled as
compared to the usual desktop computer oriented Raspbian.[78][79]

SOFTWARE

The Wayland display server protocol enable Planned operating systems

the ecient use of the GPU for hardware
accelerated GUI drawing functions.[80] on 16
Windows 10 Microsoft announced February 2015
April 2014 a GUI shell for Weston called
it will oer a free version of the to-be-released
Maynard was released.
Windows 10 running natively on the Raspberry
PiBang Linux is derived from Raspbian.[81]
Pi[102]
Raspbian for Robots - A fork of Raspbian
for robotics projects with LEGO, Grove, and
2.2 Driver APIs
Arduino.[82]
Other operating systems
Xbian[83] using the Kodi (formerly XBMC) open
source digital media center
openSUSE[84]

Media
Application

3D
Application

2D
Application

OpenMax

OpenGL ES

OpenVG

Raspberry Pi Fedora Remix

ARM

[85]

EGL

Slackware ARM Version 13.37 and later runs on

the Raspberry Pi without modication.[86][87][88][89]
Kernel driver
The 128496 MB of available memory on the Raspberry Pi is at least twice the minimum requirement
of 64 MB needed to run Slackware Linux on an
Videocore IV GPU
ARM or i386 system.[90] (Whereas the majority of
Linux systems boot into a graphical user interface,
Open
Closed
Binary
Slackwares default user environment is the textual
Source
Source
Blob
shell / command line interface.[91] ) The Fluxbox
window manager running under the X Window SysScheme of the implemented APIs: OpenMAX, OpenGL ES and
tem requires an additional 48 MB of RAM.[92]
OpenVG

FreeBSD

[93]

[94][95]

and NetBSD

Plan 9 from Bell Labs[96][97] and Inferno[98] (in beta)

Moebius A light ARM HF distribution based on
Debian. It uses Raspbian repository, but it ts in
a 128 MB SD card.[99] It has just minimal services
and its memory usage is optimized to keep a small
footprint.
OpenWrt Primarily used on embedded devices to
route network trac.
Kali Linux A Debian-derived distro designed for
digital forensics and penetration testing.
Instant WebKiosk An operating system for digital
signage purposes (web and media views)

Raspberry Pi can use a VideoCore IV GPU via a binary

blob, which is loaded into the GPU at boot time from
the SD-card, and additional software, that initially was
closed source.[103] This part of the driver code was later
released,[104] however much of the actual driver work is
done using the closed source GPU code. Application
software uses calls to closed source run-time libraries
(OpenMax, OpenGL ES or OpenVG) which in turn calls
an open source driver inside the Linux kernel, which then
calls the closed source VideoCore IV GPU driver code.
The API of the kernel driver is specic for these closed
libraries. Video applications use OpenMAX, 3D applications use OpenGL ES and 2D applications use OpenVG
which both in turn use EGL. OpenMAX and EGL use
the open source kernel driver in turn.[105]

Ark OS Website and email self-hosting

Minepion Dedicated operating system for mining 2.3 Third party application software
cryptocurrency
Mathematica Since 21 November 2013, Raspbian
Kano OS http://kano.me/downloads
includes a full installation of this proprietary software for free.[106][107] As of 1 August 2014 the ver Nard SDK For industrial embedded systems
sion is Mathematica 10.[108]
Sailsh OS with Raspberry Pi 2 (due to used
ARM Cortex-A7 CPU; Raspberry Pi 1 uses dif Minecraft Released 11 February 2013; a version
ferent ARMv6 architecture and Sailsh requires
for the Raspberry Pi, in which you can modify the
ARMv7)[100][101]
game world with code.[109]

3.1

Community

Reception and use

Technology writer Glyn Moody described the project

in May 2011 as a potential BBC Micro 2.0, not by
replacing PC compatible machines but by supplementing them.[110] In March 2012 Stephen Pritchard echoed
the BBC Micro successor sentiment in ITPRO.[111] Alex
Hope, co-author of the Next Gen report, is hopeful that
the computer will engage children with the excitement of
programming.[112] Co-author Ian Livingstone suggested
that the BBC could be involved in building support for the
device, possibly branding it as the BBC Nano.[76] Chris
Williams, writing in The Register sees the inclusion of
programming languages such as Kids Ruby, Scratch and
BASIC as a good start to equip kids with the skills
needed in the future although it remains to be seen how
eective their use will be.[113] The Centre for Computing History strongly supports the Raspberry Pi project,
feeling that it could usher in a new era.[114] Before release, the board was showcased by ARM's CEO Warren
East at an event in Cambridge outlining Google's ideas to
improve UK science and technology education.[115]

5
stead of EMP, was further conrmed by the laser pointer
tests,[122] where it was also found that less opaque covering was needed to shield against the laser pointers than to
shield against the xenon ashes.[121] The U16 chip seems
to be bare silicon without a plastic cover (i.e. a chipscale package or wafer-level package), which would, if
present, block the light. Based on the facts that the chip,
like all semiconductors, is light-sensitive (photovoltaic effect), that silicon is transparent to infrared light, and that
xenon ashes emit more infrared light than laser pointers
(therefore requiring more light shielding),[121] it is currently thought that this combination of factors allows the
sudden bright infrared light to cause an instability in the
output voltage of the power supply, triggering shutdown
or restart of the Raspberry Pi 2. Unocial workarounds
include covering U16 with opaque material (such as electrical tape,[121][122] lacquer, poster mounting compound,
or even balled-up bread[121] ), putting the Raspberry Pi 2
in a case,[122] and avoiding taking photos of the top side of
the board with a xenon ash. This issue was not caught
before the release of the Raspberry Pi 2 because while
commercial electronic devices are routinely subjected to
tests of susceptibility to radio interference, it is not standard or common practice to test their susceptibility to optical interference.[121]

Harry Fairhead, however, suggests that more emphasis should be put on improving the educational software
available on existing hardware, using tools such as Google
App Inventor to return programming to schools, rather
than adding new hardware choices.[116] Simon Rockman, 3.1 Community
writing in a ZDNet blog, was of the opinion that teens
will have better things to do, despite what happened in The Raspberry Pi community was described by Jamie
the 1980s.[117]
Ayre of FLOSS software company AdaCore as one of
In October 2012, the Raspberry Pi won T3s Innova- the most exciting parts of the project.[123] Community
tion of the Year award,[118] and futurist Mark Pesce blogger Russell Davis said that the community strength
cited a (borrowed) Raspberry Pi as the inspiration for allows the Foundation to concentrate on documentation
his ambient device project MooresCloud.[119] In Oc- and teaching.[123] The community is developing fanzines
tober 2012, the British Computer Society reacted to around the platform, such as The MagPi.[124] A series
the announcement of enhanced specications by stating, of community Raspberry Jam events have been held
its denitely something we'll want to sink our teeth across the UK[125] and further aeld,[126] led by Alan
O'Donohoe,[125][127][128] principal teacher of ICT at Our
into.[120]
Ladys High School, Preston,[128][129] and a teacher-led
In February 2015, a switched-mode power supply chip,
community from RaspberryJam has started building a
designated U16, of the Raspberry Pi 2 model B version
crowdsourced scheme of work.[130]
1.1 (the initially released version) was found to be vulnerable to ashes of light,[121] particularly the light from
xenon camera ashes and green[122] and red laser point3.2 Use in education
ers. However, other bright lights, particularly ones that
are on continuously, were found to have no eect. The
symptom was the Raspberry Pi 2 spontaneously reboot- As of January 2012, enquiries about the board in the
ing or turning o when these lights were ashed at the United Kingdom have been received from schools in both
chip. Initially, some users and commenters suspected the state and private sectors, with around ve times as
that the electromagnetic pulse from the xenon ash tube much interest from the latter. It is hoped that businesses
[131]
was causing the problem by interfering with the com- will sponsor purchases for less advantaged schools.
puters digital circuitry, but this was ruled out by tests The CEO of Premier Farnell said that the government of
where the light was either blocked by a card or aimed a country in the Middle East has expressed interest in proin order to enhance her
at the other side of the Raspberry Pi 2, both of which viding a board to every schoolgirl,
[132][133]
employment
prospects.
did not cause a problem. The problem was narrowed
down to the U16 chip by covering rst the system on a The Raspberry Pi Foundation and Oxford, Cambridge
chip (main processor) and then U16 with opaque poster and RSA Examinations launched a beta of the Cambridge
mounting compound. Light being the sole culprit, in- GCSE Computing Online course or MOOC (Massive

5 HISTORY

Open Online Course) based around the current GCSE

Computing syllabus. The MOOC will consist of videos,
animations and interactive tasks on every part of the curriculum presented by UK teachers. The beta is currently
presented by Clive Beale who is the Head of Educational
Development. All tasks will be supported by written materials and audio and text transcripts available for disabled
students. The rst MOOC will be linked to a formal
GCSE qualication.[134]
Oxford, Cambridge and RSA Examinations also provide
resources to use with a Raspberry Pi for teachers who
would like to use the device in their lessons including Getting started, Singing Jelly Baby and other features about
the Raspberry Pi.[135]

Reviews

Raspberry Pi model B rev. 1 was rated 4/5 by PCMag,

while Raspberry Pi model B rev. 2 was rated 4.1/5 by
Board-DB.org

History

The Foundations goal was to oer two versions, priced

at US$25 and US$35. They started accepting orders for
the higher priced model B on 29 February 2012,[140] the
lower cost model A on 4 February 2013.[141] and the even
lower cost (US$20) A+ on 10 November 2014.[31]

5.1 Pre-launch
July 2011 Trustee Eben Upton publicly approached the RISC OS Open community in July
2011 to enquire about assistance with a port.[142]
Adrian Lees at Broadcom has since worked on the
port,[143][144] with his work being cited in a discussion regarding the graphics drivers.[145] This port is
now included in NOOBS.
August 2011 50 alpha boards are manufactured.
These boards were functionally identical to the
planned model B,[146] but they were physically larger
to accommodate debug headers. Demonstrations of
the board showed it running the LXDE desktop on
Debian, Quake 3 at 1080p,[147] and Full HD MPEG4 video over HDMI.[148]
October 2011 A version of RISC OS 5 was demonstrated in public, and following a year of development the port was released for general consumption
in November 2012.[73][149][150][151]
December 2011 Twenty-ve model B Beta boards
were assembled and tested[152] from one hundred
unpopulated PCBs.[153] The component layout of
the Beta boards was the same as on production
boards. A single error was discovered in the board
design where some pins on the CPU were not held
high; it was xed for the rst production run.[154]
The Beta boards were demonstrated booting Linux,
playing a 1080p movie trailer and the Rightware
Samurai OpenGL ES benchmark.[155]

An early alpha-test board in operation using dierent layout from

later beta and production boards

Early 2012 During the rst week of the year,

the rst 10 boards were put up for auction on
eBay.[156][157] One was bought anonymously and donated to the museum at The Centre for Computing History in Suolk, England.[114][158] The ten
boards (with a total retail price of 220) together
raised over 16,000,[159] with the last to be auctioned, serial number No. 01, raising 3,500.[160]
In advance of the anticipated launch at the end of
February 2012, the Foundations servers struggled
to cope with the load placed by watchers repeatedly
refreshing their browsers.[161]

In 2006, early concepts of the Raspberry Pi were based

on the Atmel ATmega644 microcontroller. Its schematics and PCB layout are publicly available.[136] Foundation
trustee Eben Upton assembled a group of teachers, academics and computer enthusiasts to devise a computer to
inspire children.[131] The computer is inspired by Acorns
BBC Micro of 1981.[137][138] Model A, Model B and
Model B+ are references to the original models of the
British educational BBC Micro computer, developed by 5.2 Launch
Acorn Computers.[113] The rst ARM prototype version
of the computer was mounted in a package the same size
19 February 2012 The rst proof of concept SD
as a USB memory stick.[139] It had a USB port on one end
card image that could be loaded onto an SD card to
and an HDMI port on the other.
produce a preliminary operating system is released.

5.3

Post-launch

7
tastic at helping to source components, Upton said.
The rst batch of 10,000 boards was manufactured
in Taiwan and China.[172][173]
8 March 2012 Release Raspberry Pi Fedora
Remix, the recommended Linux distribution,[174]
developed at Seneca College in Canada.[175]

Raspberry Pi Model A

The image was based on Debian 6.0 (Squeeze), with

the LXDE desktop and the Midori browser, plus various programming tools. The image also runs on
QEMU allowing the Raspberry Pi to be emulated
on various other platforms.[162][163]

March 2012 The Debian port is initiated by Mike

Thompson, former CTO of Atomz. The eort was
largely carried out by Thompson and Peter Green,
a volunteer Debian developer, with some support
from the Foundation, who tested the resulting binaries that the two produced during the early stages
(neither Thompson nor Green had physical access
to the hardware, as boards were not widely accessible at the time due to demand).[176] While the preliminary proof of concept image distributed by the
Foundation before launch was also Debian-based,
it diered from Thompson and Greens Raspbian
eort in a couple of ways. The POC image was
based on then-stable Debian Squeeze, while Raspbian aimed to track then-upcoming Debian Wheezy
packages.[163] Aside from the updated packages that
would come with the new release, Wheezy was
also set to introduce the armhf architecture,[177]
which became the raison d'tre for the Raspbian
eort. The Squeeze-based POC image was limited to the armel architecture, which was, at the
time of Squeezes release, the latest attempt by
the Debian project to have Debian run on the
newest ARM EABI.[178] The armhf architecture in
Wheezy intended to make Debian run on the ARM
VFP hardware oating-point unit, while armel was
limited to emulating oating point operations in
software.[179][180] Since the Raspberry Pi included
a VFP, being able to make use of the hardware
unit would result in performance gains and reduced
power usage for oating point operations.[176] The
armhf eort in mainline Debian, however, was orthogonal to the work surrounding the Pi and only intended to allow Debian to run on ARMv7 at a minimum, which would mean the Pi, an ARMv6 device,
would not benet.[177] As a result, Thompson and
Green set out to build the 19,000 Debian packages
for the device using a custom build cluster.[176]

29 February 2012 Initial sales commence 29

February 2012[164] at 06:00 UTC;. At the same
time, it was announced that the Model A, originally
to have had 128 MB of RAM, was to be upgraded to
256 MB before release.[140] The Foundations website also announced: Six years after the projects
inception, we're nearly at the end of our rst run
of development although its just the beginning of
the Raspberry Pi story.[165] The web-shops of the
two licensed manufacturers selling Raspberry Pis
within the United Kingdom, Premier Farnell and
RS Components, had their websites stalled by heavy
web trac immediately after the launch (RS Components briey going down completely).[166][167] Unconrmed reports suggested that there were over
two million expressions of interest or pre-orders.[168]
The ocial Raspberry Pi Twitter account reported
that Premier Farnell sold out within a few minutes of
the initial launch, while RS Components took over
100,000 pre orders on day one.[140] Manufacturers
were reported in March 2012 to be taking a healthy 5.3
number of pre-orders.[123]
March 2012 Shipping delays for the rst batch
were announced in March 2012, as the result of installation of an incorrect Ethernet port,[169][170] but
the Foundation expected that manufacturing quantities of future batches could be increased with little diculty if required.[171] We have ensured we
can get them [the Ethernet connectors with magnetics] in large numbers and Premier Farnell and RS
Components [the two distributors] have been fan-

Post-launch

16 April 2012 Reports appear from the rst buyers

who had received their Raspberry Pi.[181][182]
20 April 2012 The schematics for the Model A
and Model B are released.[183]
18 May 2012 The Foundation reported on its
blog about a prototype camera module they had
tested.[184] The prototype used a 14-megapixel module.

5 HISTORY
22 May 2012 Over 20,000 units had been
shipped.[185]
16 July 2012 It was announced that 4,000 units
were being manufactured per day, allowing Raspberry Pis to be bought in bulk.[186][187]
24 August 2012 Hardware accelerated video
(H.264) encoding becomes available after it became
known that the existing license also covered encoding. Previously it was thought that encoding would
be added with the release of the announced camera
module.[188][189] However, no stable software exists
for hardware H.264 encoding.[190] At the same time
the Foundation released two additional codecs that
can be bought separately, MPEG-2 and Microsofts
VC-1. Also it was announced that the Pi will implement CEC, enabling it to be controlled with the
televisions remote control.[37]
July 2012 Release of Raspbian.[191]
5 September 2012 The Foundation announced a
second revision of the Raspberry Pi Model B.[192] A
revision 2.0 board is announced, with a number of
minor corrections and improvements.[193]
6 September 2012 Announcement that in future
the bulk of Raspberry Pi units would be manufactured in the UK, at Sony's manufacturing facility in
Pencoed, Wales. The Foundation estimated that the
plant would produce 30,000 units per month, and
would create about 30 new jobs.[194][195]
15 October 2012 It is announced that new Raspberry Pi Model Bs are to be tted with 512 MB instead of 256 MB RAM.[9]

Pi (software) needs. Using an application included

in Raspbian, users can browse through several categories and download what they want. Software can
also be uploaded for moderation and release.[199]
3 June 2013 'New Out Of Box Software or
NOOBS is introduced. This makes the Raspberry
Pi easier to use by simplifying the installation of an
operating system. Instead of using specic software
to prepare an SD card, a le is unzipped and the
contents copied over to a FAT formatted (4 GB or
bigger) SD card. That card can then be booted on
the Raspberry Pi and a choice of six operating systems is presented for installation on the card. The
system also contains a recovery partition that allows
for the quick restoration of the installed OS, tools
to modify the cong.txt and an online help button
and web browser which directs to the Raspberry Pi
Forums.[200]
October 2013 The Foundation announces that
the one millionth Pi had been manufactured in the
United Kingdom.[201]
November 2013: they announce that the two millionth Pi shipped between 24 and 31 October.[202]
28 February 2014 On the day of the second anniversary of the Raspberry Pi, Broadcom, together
with the Raspberry PI foundation, announced the release of full documentation for the VideoCore IV
graphics core, and a complete source release of the
graphics stack under a 3-clause BSD license.[196][197]

24 October 2012 The Foundation announces

that all of the VideoCore driver code which runs
on the ARM had been released as free software
under a BSD-style license, making it the rst
ARM-based multimedia SoC with fully-functional,
vendor-provided (as opposed to partial, reverse engineered) fully open-source drivers, although this
claim has not been universally accepted.[104] On 28
February 2014, they also announced the release of Raspberry Pi Compute Module
full documentation for the VideoCore IV graphics
core, and a complete source release of the graphics
stack under a 3-clause BSD license[196][197]
7 April 2014 The ocial Raspberry Pi blog announced the Raspberry Pi Compute Module, a de October 2012 It was reported that some customers
vice in the form factor of a 200-pin DDR2 SOof one of the two main distributors had been waitDIMM memory module (though not in any way
ing more than six months for their orders. This
compatible with such RAM), intended for consumer
was reported to be due to diculties in sourcing
electronics designers to use as the core of their own
the CPU and conservative sales forecasting by this
[198]
products.[34]
distributor.
17 December 2012 The Foundation, in collaboration with IndieCity and Velocix, opens the Pi
Store, as a one-stop shop for all your Raspberry

June 2014 The ocial Raspberry Pi blog mentioned that the three millionth Pi shipped in early
May 2014.[203]

14 July 2014 The ocial Raspberry Pi blog announced the Raspberry Pi Model B+, the nal evolution of the original Raspberry Pi. For the same
price as the original Raspberry Pi Model B, but incorporating numerous small improvements people
have been asking for.[32]

[11] http://www.raspberrypi.org/
raspberry-pi-compute-module-new-product/

10 November 2014 The ocial Raspberry Pi blog

announced the Raspberry Pi Model A+.[31] It is the
smallest and cheapest (US$20) Raspberry Pi so far
and has the same processor and RAM as the Model
A and like the A it has no Ethernet port, and just
one USB port, but does have the other innovations
of the B+, like lower power, micro-SD-card slot, and
40 pins HAT compatible GPIO.

[14] Brandy Basic. Jaguar.orpheusweb.co.uk. 26 July 2005.

Retrieved 6 May 2012.

2 February 2015 The ocial Raspberry Pi blog

announced the Raspberry Pi 2. Looking like a
Model B+, it has a 900 MHz quad-core ARMv7
Cortex-A7 CPU, twice the memory (for a total of
1 GB) and complete compatibility with the original
generation of Raspberry Pis.[204]

[18] Turbocharged Raspberry Pi 2 unleashed: Global geekgasm likely. The Register. 2015-02-02. Retrieved 201502-02.

[13] David Braben on Raspberry Pi. Edge. 25 November

2011. Retrieved 8 December 2011.

[15] Oracle Java on Raspberry Pi. Raspberry Pi. 26 September 2013.

[16] Event driven Raspberry Pi GPIO programming in Ruby.
github.com/jwhitehorn. 15 September 2014.
[17] http://www.raspberrypi.org/five-million-sold/

[19] Kelion, Leo (2 February 2015). Raspberry Pi 2 unveiled

with faster processor and more memory. BBC News. Retrieved 3 February 2015.
[20] Performance - measures of the Raspberry Pis performance.. RPi Performance. eLinux.org. Retrieved 30
March 2014.

See also

[21] Bencho, Brian. 64 Rasberry Pis turned into a supercomputer. Hackaday. Retrieved 30 March 2014.

Comparison of single-board computers

[12] Raspberry Pi downloads.

[22] Cox, Simon J., et al. Iridis-pi: a low-cost, compact

demonstration cluster. Cluster Computing, June 2013.
Retrieved 29 March 2014.

References

[1] BCM2835 Media Processor; Broadcom.

Broadcom.com. 1 September 2011. Retrieved 6 May 2012.
[2] Transistorized memory, such as RAM, ROM, ash and
cache sizes as well as le sizes are specied using binary
meanings for K (10241 ), M (10242 ), G (10243 ), ...

[23] Introducing turbo mode: up to 50% more performance

for free. Raspberrypi.org. Retrieved 20 September
2012.
[24] asb/raspi-cong on Github. asb. Retrieved 12 December 2012.

[3] At rst, for a short time, revision 2 boards were made that
had 256 MB of RAM

[25] I have a raspberry pi beta board ama. Reddit.com. 15

January 2012. Retrieved 6 May 2012.

[4] Cellan-Jones, Rory (5 May 2011). A 15 computer to

inspire young programmers. BBC News.

[26] Raspberry Pi boot conguration text le

[5] Price, Peter (3 June 2011). Can a 15 computer solve the

programming gap?". BBC Click. Retrieved 2 July 2011.
[6] Bush, Steve (25 May 2011). Dongle computer lets kids
discover programming on a TV. Electronics Weekly.
Retrieved 11 July 2011.
[7] about the Licensed manufacturing deal. Retrieved 16
September 2014.
[8] Brose, Moses (30 January 2012). Broadcom BCM2835
SoC has the most powerful mobile GPU in the world?".
Grand MAX. Archived from the original on 13 April 2012.
Retrieved 13 April 2012.
[9] Model B now ships with 512MB of RAM. Raspberrypi.org. Retrieved 15 October 2012.
[10] Veried USB Peripherals and
Elinux.org. Retrieved 6 May 2012.

SDHC

Cards;".

[27] Nokia 701 has a similar Broadcom GPU. Raspberrypi.org. 2 February 2012. Retrieved 22 June 2012.
[28] introducing new rmware for the 512 MB Pi. Retrieved
16 September 2014.
[29] Raspberry Pi, supported video resolutions. eLinux.org.
30 November 2012. Retrieved 11 December 2012.
[30] Ozolins, Jason. examples of Raspberry Pi composite
output. Raspberrypi.org. Retrieved 22 June 2012.
[31] Introducing Raspberry Pi Model A+". Raspberry Pi
Foundation. Retrieved 10 November 2014.
[32] Introducing Raspberry Pi Model B+". Raspberry Pi
Foundation. Retrieved 14 July 2014.
[33] Bowater, Donna (29 February 2012). Mini Raspberry
Pi computer goes on sale for 22. The Daily Telegraph
(London).

10

[34] Raspberry Pi Compute Module: New Product!". Raspberry Pi Foundation. Retrieved 22 September 2014.
[35] Q&A with our hardware team. Raspberry Pi Foundation. Retrieved 20 September 2011.
[36] Halfacree, Gareth. Raspberry Pi - The Model B. bittech.net. Dennis Publishing Limited. Retrieved 10 June
2013.
[37] New video features! MPEG-2 and VC-1 decode, H.264
encode, CEC. Raspberry Pi Foundation. Retrieved 26
August 2012.
[38] SMSC LAN9512 Website;". Smsc.com. Retrieved 6
May 2012.
[39] Microchip/SMSC LAN9514 data sheet;". Microchip.
Retrieved 15 July 2014.
[40] diagram of Raspberry Pi with CSI camera connector.
Elinux.org. 2 March 2012. Retrieved 22 June 2012.
[41] Adams, James (3 April 2014). Raspberry Pi Compute Module electrical schematic diagram. Raspberry Pi
Foundation. Retrieved 22 September 2014.
[42] Adams, James (3 April 2014). Raspberry Pi Compute
Module IO Board elecrical schematic diagram. Raspberry Pi Foundation. Retrieved 22 September 2014.
[43] Embedded Linux Wiki: Hardware Basic Setup.
Elinux.org. Retrieved 25 May 2013.
[44] Raspberry Pi Wiki, section screens. Elinux.org. Retrieved 6 May 2012.
[45] diagram of Raspberry Pi with DSI LCD connector.
Elinux.org. Retrieved 6 May 2012.
[46] Adams, James (7 April 2014). Comment by James
Adams on Compute Module announcement. Raspberry
Pi Foundation. Retrieved 22 September 2014.

REFERENCES

[55] Ben Martin (27 February 2015). Performance Testing

the New $35 Raspberry Pi 2. linux.com. Retrieved 3
March 2015.
[56] Adams, James (7 April 2014). Comment by James
Adams on Compute Module announcement. Raspberry
Pi Foundation. Retrieved 22 September 2014.
[57] http://www.raspberrypi.org/documentation/hardware/
raspberrypi/schematics/Raspberry-Pi-B-Plus-V1.
2-Schematics.pdf
[58] Elinux Wiki: Description of Raspberry Pi Camera
Board. Retrieved 3 September 2013.
[59] RPI Camera board - Raspberry-Pi - Raspberry
Pi Kamera-Board, 5MP | Farnell Deutschland.
de.farnell.com. Retrieved 9 June 2013.
[60] Gertboard is here!". Raspberry Pi Foundation. 8 August
2012. Retrieved 9 August 2012.
[61] Pi NoIR. Raspberry Pi Foundation. Retrieved 16 August 2014.
[62] hats/eeprom-circuit.png at master raspberrypi/hats
GitHub. GitHub. Retrieved 16 September 2014.
[63] hats/eeprom-format.md at master raspberrypi/hats
GitHub. GitHub. Retrieved 16 September 2014.
[64] raspberrypi/hats GitHub.
September 2014.

GitHub.

Retrieved 16

[65] Gareth Halfacree. Raspberry Pi review: Eben Upton reveals all. linuxuser.co.uk.
[66] Booting the Raspberry Pi for the rst time. Raspberry
Pi HQ. Retrieved 21 September 2014.
[67] Dallas, Kevin (2 February 2015). Windows 10 Coming to Raspberry Pi 2. Building Apps for Windows.
Microsoft. Retrieved 2 February 2015.

[47] I2S driver development thread. Retrieved 16 September

2014.

[68] Merz, Alexander (4 February 2015). Raspberry Pi 2:

Schnell rechnen, langsam speichern (in German). Retrieved 8 February 2015.

[48] More GPIOs can be used if you do not use the low level
peripherals

[69] Bellavance, Nicolas (17 April 2012). Quelle distribution

utiliser sur Raspberry Pi ?". Retrieved 22 May 2012.

[49] Since the release of the revision 2 model

[70] http://puppylinux.org/wikka/Puppi

[50] Raspberry Pi GPIO Connector;". Elinux.org. Retrieved

6 May 2012.

[71] raspbmc a light Linux distro designed for media application on the Raspberry Pi. Raspbmc.com. Retrieved 22
June 2012.

[51] Adams, James (7 April 2014). Comment by James

Adams on Compute Module announcement. Raspberry
Pi Foundation. Retrieved 22 September 2014.
[52] Power supply conrmed as 5V micro USB. Raspberrypi.org. Retrieved 25 July 2012.
[53] http://www.raspi.today/
raspberry-pi-model-a-plus-out-now/
[54] Eric Brown (2 February 2015). Raspberry Pi 2 has quadcore SoC, keeps $35 price. linuxgizmos.com. Retrieved
1 March 2015.

[72] openelec for XBMC. Openelec.tv. 28 February 2012.

Retrieved 22 June 2012.
[73] Holwerda, Thom (31 October 2011). Raspberry Pi To
Embrace RISC OS. OSNews. Retrieved 1 November
2011.
[74] Raspbian Debian optimized for the Raspberry Pi hardware.
[75] Welcome to Raspbian. Raspbian. Retrieved 30 July
2012.

11

[76] Vallance, Chris (10 January 2012). Raspberry Pi bids for [101] Sailsh on a Raspberry Pi. https://together.jolla.com''.
success with classroom coders. BBC News. Retrieved 29
Jolla. Retrieved 26 February 2015.
February 2012.
[102] Sauter, Marc (2 February 2015). Internet der Dinger:
Windows 10 luft kostenlos auf dem Raspberry Pi 2. Re[77] Introducing the Pi Store. Retrieved 16 September 2014.
trieved 8 February 2015.
[78] Yau, Lawrence. Raspbian Server Edition Version 2.4.
The Rantings and Ravings of a Madman. sirlagz.net - [103] djwm (13 September 2011). Raspberry Pi warms up.
The H. Retrieved 12 March 2012.
Lawrence Yau. Retrieved 4 July 2013.
[79] Raspbian wheezy. Downloads. Raspberry Pi Founda- [104] Raspberry Pi maker says code for ARM chip is now open
source. Ars Technica. Retrieved 3 November 2012.
tion. Retrieved 10 January 2013.
[80] Eben Upton (24 May 2013). Wayland. Raspberry Pi. [105] Libraries, codecs, OSS. raspberrypi.org. 31 January
2012.
Retrieved 25 May 2013.
[81] Inspired by CrunchBang Linux, and based on Raspbian. [106] Raspberry Pi Includes Mathematica Free. The Verge.
21 November 2013. Retrieved 16 September 2014.
Features the Openbox desktop environment.
[82] A fork of Raspbian for robotics projects with LEGO, [107] Wolfram Language & Mathematica free on every
Raspberry Pi.
Grove, and Arduino..
[83] XBian is a small, fast and lightweight media center dis- [108] Mathematica 10 now available for your Pi! - Raspberry
Pi. Retrieved 16 September 2014.
tribution for the Raspberry Pi. xbian.org. Retrieved 21
October 2014.
[109] Minecraft: Pi Edition - Minecraft: Pi Edition updates
and downloads. Retrieved 16 September 2014.
[84] openSUSE on a Raspberry Pi.
[85] Raspberry Pi. Retrieved 3 August 2014.
[86] SlackwareARM for the Raspberry Pi

[110] Moody Glyn (9 May 2011). As British as Raspberry Pi?". Computerworld UK Open Enterprise blog.
Computerworld. Retrieved 2 February 2012.

[87] ArmedSlack working :)". raspberrypi.org. 18 May 2012. [111] Pritchard, Stephen (1 March 2012). Raspberry Pi: A
BBC Micro for todays generation. ITPRO. Retrieved 15
[88] alt.os.linux.slackware ARMed Slack running on RaspMarch 2012.
berry Pi. Retrieved 16 September 2014.
[112] Stanford, Peter (3 December 2011). Computing classes
[89] raspberrypi.org ArmedSlack 13.37. Retrieved 16
don't teach programming skills. The Daily Telegraph
September 2014.
(London). Retrieved 27 February 2012.
[90] The Slackware Linux Project: Installation Help. Slack- [113] Williams, Chris (28 November 2011). Psst, kid...
ware.com. Retrieved 22 June 2012.
Wanna learn how to hack?". The Register. Retrieved 24
December 2011.
[91] Slackware Linux Essentials: The Shell. Retrieved 16
September 2014.
[114] One of the First Raspberry Pi Computers Donated to
Museum. The Centre for Computing History. 9 January
[92] v1.0.2 (en), xiando. Desktops: KDE vs Gnome. Linux
2012. Retrieved 28 February 2012.
Reviews. Retrieved 22 June 2012.
[115] Osborn, George (23 February 2012). How Google can
[93] FreeBSD Raspberry Pi.
really help improve STEM teaching in the UK. Cabume.
Retrieved 28 February 2012.
[94] NetBSD Raspberry Pi.
[95] NetBSD 6.0 released with initial Raspberry Pi support. [116] Fairhead, Harry (2 December 2011). Raspberry Pi or
Programming What shall we teach the children?". I ProThe H. 18 October 2012. Retrieved 18 October 2012.
grammer. Retrieved 7 February 2012.
[96] Richard Miller (18 August 2012). 9pi. 9fans.net mail
[117] Rockman, Simon (21 February 2012). Is raspberry pi a
archive.
mid-life crisis?". ZDNet. Retrieved 24 February 2012.
Just because young teens led the way in computing in the
[97] Liz (5 December 2012). Wednesday grab bag. Rasp1980s doesnt mean it should, will or can happen again.
berry Pi Foundation. See the Plan 9 section.
Those outside the tech age bubble have better things to
[98] Inferno OS ported to Raspberry Pi.
do.
[99] http://moebiuslinux.sourceforge.net/documentation/faq/ [118] Raspberry Pi - Innovation of the Year. T3 Gadget
Awards. Retrieved 9 October 2012.
[100] Instalation. SailPi Run Sailsh OS on your Rasberry Pi.
Locusf. Retrieved 26 February 2015. |rst1= missing [119] Showtime | Crowdfunding the Light. 5 October 2012.
Retrieved 17 April 2013.
|last1= in Authors list (help)

12

REFERENCES

[120] Latest Raspberry Pi has double the RAM. BCS website. [138] Quested, Tony (29 February 2012). Raspberry blown at
BCS. 16 October 2012. Retrieved 18 October 2012.
Cambridge software detractors. Business Weekly. Retrieved 13 March 2012.
[121] several authors (79 February 2015). Raspberry Pi Forums: Why is the PI2 camera-shy?". Raspberry Pi Fo- [139] Tiny USB-Sized PC Oers 1080p HDMI Output. Rerums. Raspberry Pi Foundation. Retrieved 9 February
trieved 1 February 2012.
2015.
[140] Richard Lawler, 29 February 2012, Raspberry Pi credit[122] Bencho, Brian (8 February 2015). Photonic Reset of
card sized Linux PCs are on sale now, $25 Model A gets
the Raspberry Pi 2. Hackaday. Retrieved 8 February
a RAM bump, Engadget
2015.
[141] launch of the model A announced. Retrieved 16
September 2014.
[123] Bridgwater, Adrian (15 March 2012). Community
strength blossoms for Raspberry Pi. Computer Weekly.
[142] Upton, Eben (23 July 2011). Yet another potential RISC
Retrieved 15 March 2012.
OS target?". RISC OS Open. Retrieved 12 March 2012.
[124] The MagPi Raspberry Pi online magazine launched.
The Digital Lifestyle.com. Retrieved 16 September 2014. [143] Hansen, Martin (31 October 2011). Raspberry Pi To
Embrace RISC OS. RISCOScode. Retrieved 12 March
2012.
[125] Parkin, Tony (2 July 2012). Raspberry Pi-oneers the
making of #RaspberryJam. Merlin John Online. Re[144] Lees, Adrian (8 February 2012). RISC OS on the Rasptrieved 30 August 2012.
berry Pi. RISC OS Open. Retrieved 12 March 2012.
[126] "#RaspberryJam Locations. raspberryjam.org.uk web[145] JamesH (29 December 2011). GPU binary blob quessite. Retrieved 30 August 2012.
tion. Raspberry Pi. Retrieved 12 March 2012.
[127] Edney, Andrew (15 July 2012). An afternoon at the
Cambridge Raspberry Jam. Connected Digital World. [146] Humphries, Matthew (28 July 2011). Raspberry Pi $25
PC goes into alpha production. Geek.com. Retrieved 1
Retrieved 30 August 2012.
August 2011.
[128] "#RaspberryJam Man. raspberryjam.org.uk website. Re[147] Raspberry Pi YouTube Channel. Retrieved 28 August
trieved 30 August 2012.
2011.
[129] O'Donohoe, Alan (11 January 2012). Computer science
reboot. Teacher Network blog (The Guardian). Retrieved [148] Full HD video demo at TransferSummit Oxford. Retrieved 12 September 2011.
30 August 2012.
[130] website "#RPiSoW. Retrieved 2 October 2012.

[149] Dewhurst, Christopher (December 2011). The London

show 2011. Archive (magazine) 23 (3). p. 3.

[131] Moorhead, Joanna (9 January 2012). Raspberry Pi device will 'reboot computing in schools". The Guardian [150] Lee, Jerey. Newsround. The Icon Bar. Retrieved 17
October 2011.
(London). Retrieved 20 January 2012.
[132] Arthur, Charles (5 March 2012). Raspberry Pi demand [151] eben. RISC OS for Raspberry Pi. Retrieved 12 November 2012.
running at '700 per second'". The Guardian (London).
Retrieved 12 March 2012.
[152] What happened to the beta boards?". Retrieved 16
September 2014.
[133] Raspberry Pi mini computer sells out after taking 700 orders per second. Digital Trends. Retrieved 9 June 2012.

[153] We have PCBs!". Retrieved 16 September 2014.

[134] Upton, Liz. A preview of the new Camrbidge GCSE

[154] More on the beta boards. Retrieved 16 September 2014.
Computing Online!". Retrieved 25 June 2013.
[135] Computing/Computer Science - Raspberry Pi. OCR.
23 September 2013. Retrieved 8 October 2013.

[155] Bringing up a beta board. Retrieved 16 September

2014.

[156] Were auctioning ten beta Raspberry Pis;". Raspber[136] Wong, George (24 October 2011). Build your own prorypi.org. 31 December 2011. Retrieved 6 May 2012.
totype Raspberry Pi minicomputer. ubergizmo. Retrieved 2 November 2011.
[157] Williams, Chris (3 January 2012). That Brit-built 22
computer: Yours for just 1,900 or more. The Register.
[137] Raspberry Pi View topic - Raspberry Pi as the succesRetrieved 10 January 2012.
sor of BBC Micro. raspberrypi.org. 22 April 2012. Retrieved 12 June 2013. The Foundation trustees tried very [158] Cheerin, Iris (11 January 2012). Raspberry Pi Goes Into
hard to get an agreement to use the BBC Micro name,
Production. TechWeekEurope UK. Retrieved 11 January
right up to May 2011. /../ Eben touched on the subject
2012.
a bit during his speech at the Beeb@30 celebration at
the beginning of the month: http://www.raspberrypi.org/ [159] eBay list of items sold by Raspberry Pi ''(retrieved 13
archives/970 starting at time index 11:30
January 2012)''". Ebay.co.uk. Retrieved 6 May 2012.

13

[160] Raspberry Pi Model B beta board - #01 of a limited series [177] ArmHardFloatPort. Debian Wiki. Debian. 20 August
of 10. Ebay.co.uk. 11 January 2012. Retrieved 6 May
2012. Archived from the original on 21 May 2013. Re2012.
trieved 17 July 2012.
[161] ""Set your alarms!" Raspberry Pi looks ready for early [178] ArmEabiPort. Debian Wiki. Debian. 28 June 2013.
Wednesday launch. Cabume. 28 February 2012. ReArchived from the original on 15 May 2013. Retrieved
trieved 28 February 2012.
17 July 2012.
[162] linuxnews showing the rst release of Debian Squeeze [179] Connors, Jim (16 March 2013). Is it armhf or armel?".
for Raspberry running on QEMU. Linuxnewshere.com.
Jim Connors Weblog. Oracle Blogs. Archived from the
Archived from the original on 2 April 2012. Retrieved 22
original on 9 May 2013. Retrieved 17 July 2012.
June 2012.
[180] ArmHardFloatPort VfpComparison. Debian Wiki. De[163] Getting ready for launch: rst root lesystem available
bian. 27 April 2011. Archived from the original on 1
for download. Raspberry Pi Foundation. 17 February
February 2013. Retrieved 17 July 2012.
2012. Archived from the original on 20 February 2012.
[181] the rst reports of forum members reporting they reRetrieved 16 July 2013.
ceived their Raspberry Pi. Raspberrypi.org. 16 April
[164] The Raspberry Pi 22 computer goes on general sale.
2012. Retrieved 6 May 2012.
BBC News. 29 February 2012. Retrieved 29 February
[182] engadget reports raspberry pi begins shipping (video)".
2012.
Engadget.com. Retrieved 6 May 2012.
[165] Subramanian, Karthik (2 March 2012). Low-cost miniPC Raspberry Pi gets heavily booked. The Hindu (Chen- [183] schematic design, applicable for both version A and B of
the Raspberry Pi revision 1.0. Raspberrypi.org. 19 April
nai, India). Retrieved 12 March 2012.
2012. Retrieved 6 May 2012.
[166] Paul, Ryan (29 February 2012). Raspberry Pi retailers
toppled by demand as $35 Linux computer launches. Ars [184] CAMERA MODULE FIRST PICTURES!". ReTechnica. Retrieved 29 February 2012.
trieved 9 August 2014.
[167] Naughton, John (4 March 2012). The Raspberry Pi can [185] Add your Raspberry Pi to the Rastrack map. Raspberhelp schools get with the programme. The Observer
rypi.org. 22 May 2012. Retrieved 14 June 2012.
(London). Retrieved 12 March 2012.
[186] Raspberry Pi lifts sale restrictions, open to bulk buyers.
[168] Raspberry Pi Buying Guide. Elinux.org. Retrieved 6
Electronista (Macintosh News Network). 16 July 2012.
May 2012.
Retrieved 29 August 2012.
[169] Upton, Liz (8 March 2012). Manufacturing hiccup. [187] Want to buy more than one Raspberry Pi? Now you
Raspberry Pi Foundation. Retrieved 19 March 2012.
can!". Raspberrypi.org. 16 July 2012. Retrieved 16 July
2012.
[170] Gilbert, David (9 March 2012). Raspberry Pi 22
Computer Delayed Due to 'Manufacturing Hiccup'". [188] Hardware-assisted H.264 video encoding. raspberInternational Business Times. Retrieved 19 March 2012.
rypi.org. 7 February 2012.
[171] Gilbert, David (13 March 2012). Interview with Eben [189] Jurczak, Paul. Raspberry Pi camera module. RaspberUpton Raspberry Pi Founder. International Business
rypi.org. Retrieved 15 October 2012.
Times. Retrieved 19 March 2012.
[190] H.264 Hardware encoding performance.
[172] Lee, Robert (17 January 2012). Raspberry Pi Balks At
UK Tax Regime. Tax-News.com. Retrieved 20 January [191] Owano, Nancy (18 July 2012). Raspberry Pi gets cus2012.
tomized OS called Raspbian. PhysOrg. Retrieved 5
September 2012.
[173] Weakley, Kirsty. UK computing charity opts to manufacture product abroad. Civil Society Media. Retrieved [192] Upcoming board revision. Raspberrypi.org. 6 Septem20 January 2012.
ber 2012. Retrieved 5 September 2012.
[174] Raspberry Pi Fedora Remix, our recommended distro, [193] board revision for rev 2.0. Raspberrypi.org. 5 Septemis ready for download!". Raspberrypi.org. 8 March 2012.
ber 2012. Retrieved 15 October 2012.
Retrieved 22 June 2012.
[194] Dunn, John E (7 September 2012).
Raspberry
[175] Chung, Emily (24 February 2012). "$35 computer 'RaspPi resurrects UK computer industry with new jobs.
berry Pi' readies for launch. Canada: CBC. Retrieved 28
Computerworld UK. Retrieved 13 September 2012.
February 2012.
[195] Made in the UK!". Raspberrypi.org. 6 September 2012.
[176] Brodkin, Jon (6 March 2013). How two volunteers
Retrieved 6 September 2012.
built the Raspberry Pis operating system. Ars Technica.
Technology Lab / Information Technology. Cond Nast. [196] Brodkin, Jon (28 February 2014). Raspberry Pi marks
Archived from the original on 3 July 2013. Retrieved 17
2nd birthday with plan for open source graphics driver.
July 2012.
Ars Technica. Retrieved 27 July 2014.

14

[197] Upton, Eben (28 February 2014). A birthday present

from Broadcom. Raspberry Pi Foundation. Retrieved
27 July 2014.
[198] Shead, Sam (18 October 2012). Raspberry Pi delivery
delays leave buyers hungry (and angry)". ZDNet. Retrieved 18 October 2012.
[199] Introducing the Pi Store. Raspberry Pi Foundation. 17
December 2012.
[200] Upton, Liz (3 June 2013). Introducing the New Out Of
Box Software (NOOBS)". RPF. Retrieved 4 June 2013.
[201] BBC News - Baked in Britain, the millionth Raspberry
Pi. bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 8 October 2013.
[202] TWO MILLION!". Retrieved 18 November 2013.
[203] RASPBERRY PI AT BUCKINGHAM PALACE, 3
MILLION SOLD. Retrieved 22 June 2014.
[204] Raspberry Pi 2 on sale now at $35 Raspberry Pi. Retrieved 3 February 2015.

Further reading
Raspberry Pi For Dummies; Sean McManus and
Mike Cook; 432 pages; 2013; ISBN 9781118554210.
Getting Started with Raspberry Pi; Matt Richardson
and Shawn Wallace; 176 pages; 2013; ISBN 9781449344214.
Raspberry Pi User Guide; Eben Upton and
Gareth Halfacree; 312 pages; 2014; ISBN 9781118921661.

External links
Raspberry Pi Foundation ocial website and forums
Raspberry Pi Wiki, supported by the RPF
The MagPi newsletter
Raspberry Pi gpio pinout
Raspberry Pi component map
ARM1176JZF-S (ARM11 CPU Core) Technical
Reference Manual, ARM Holdings.

EXTERNAL LINKS

15

10
10.1

Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses

Text

Raspberry Pi Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raspberry%20Pi?oldid=649885942 Contributors: William Avery, KYSoh, Frecklefoot, Llywrch, Mahjongg, Liftarn, Jedimike, ZoeB, Julesd, Glenn, Timwi, Greglocock, LMB, Thue, Bevo, AnonMoos, Rohan Jayasekera,
Finlay McWalter, Pigsonthewing, Pmoskovi, Kwi, Cornellier, Raeky, Thehappysmith, Psb777, Gil Dawson, Swtaarrs, Ds13, Markus Kuhn,
Tagishsimon, Wiki Wikardo, DougEngland, Isidore, SarekOfVulcan, WhiteDragon, DragonySixtyseven, John Bracegirdle, Popolon,
Thorwald, Perey, Imroy, Slady, Shipmaster, Rich Farmbrough, Smyth, Goochelaar, Nabber00, Viriditas, Jjk, Giraedata, Chbarts, Trevj,
Famousdog, Twobells, Andrew Gray, Rakerman, Kocio, Rwendland, Hohum, Radical Mallard, Themillofkeytone, Danhash, Tony Sidaway, Bobrayner, Kupojsin, Mindmatrix, Merlinme, Pol098, Pmj, Josh Parris, Rjwilmsi, XP1, Rschen7754, Bruce1ee, Feydey, Bensin,
Ttwaring, AlisonW, Jstaniek, Intgr, Ahunt, King of Hearts, NevilleDNZ, Benlisquare, Bgwhite, InsertNameHere, Phobie, RussBot, Petiatil, Markhoney, Pelago, Geertivp, NawlinWiki, DragonHawk, Tkbwik, Bossrat, Ragesoss, Saper, TheSeer, Rastavox, Chrisjj2, Nikkimaria, Arthur Rubin, Lynbarn, Cpswan, JeremyBicha, Back ache, Wainstead, NeilN, Kingboyk, Rehevkor, Elliskev, Mkeating24, Tom
Morris, A bit iy, Lethalmonk, Brammers, F, Samdutton, Vladhed, Reedy, KVDP, Imzadi1979, Mauls, Chris the speller, Coinchon,
Thumperward, Snori, Farry, Ned Scott, Frap, Racklever, Gamester17, Andyring, PrivateWiddle, Ian01, Cosmix, Zac67, Charivari, Ohconfucius, Wtwilson3, Nextil, Toggio, Roeme, Jeremybell, Skymist, Hogyn Lleol, Dl2000, Kencf0618, Zahn, Tonyhansen, Raysonho, Pmyteh,
Monta990, Rmallins, Danrok, Steel, ClarkMills, DumbBOT, Thrapper, Dayyan, Lx45803, Thijs!bot, Danhm, SamHathaway, Ferenczy,
Rrose Selavy, Aeriform, Edwardx, Electron9, Davidhorman, EdJohnston, Widefox, Guy Macon, Seaphoto, Spartaz, Cheatwarrior, John
a s, Tomhannen, Sarahj2107, Aawood, KJRehberg, Mlsquad, Jwrodgers, Enquire, Philg88, ChaosE, I B Wright, Hereschenes, AVRS,
KTo288, JamesD'Alexander, Intelminer, Multicherry, Vanished user vnsihoiewriu45iojsi3, Strandist, Katalaveno, Silas S. Brown, DadaNeem, Joshua Issac, Jpkole, Ajfweb, Rainforests, Vincent Lextrait, Glenndav, Reinoud, Tumblingsky, Alex rosenberg35, Kritikos99, Bealevideo, Takeitupalevel, MattHawkinsUK, Duncan.Hull, Mazarin07, Andy Dingley, Olavxxx, Haseo9999, Rhinux, Skipweasel, Kbrose,
Mikebar, ChrisB600, Jim manley, Flyer22, Mirkoloo, SPACKlick, Sagarjethani, IdreamofJeanie, ImageRemovalBot, Void1954, Mr.
Granger, Ideeman1994, Cnchina, EoGuy, Mild Bill Hiccup, Wolfbeast, Niceguyedc, TypoBoy, Trivialist, Tomakos, Johnmoor, Peatar,
Supertanno, Ark25, JasonAQuest, Jimmy Fleischer, Swbyang, Scalhotrod, Berean Hunter, Qwfp, Ryan8374, XLinkBot, Stickee, Trunone,
Paulmnguyen, C. A. Russell, Alexius08, MystBot, Zodon, Bazj, Horklinator, Mortense, Alquantor, Gintong pluma, Scientus, CanadianLinuxUser, LaaknorBot, Jasper Deng, SeymourSycamore, Leonidas from XIV, Margin1522, Luckas-bot, Yobot, Speeda psx, JonnyBoats,
AnomieBOT, Wikieditoroftoday, 1exec1, Efa, Theoprakt, Citation bot, Xqbot, Bihco, Jeimii, Bradshaws1, GrouchoBot, Dzikasosna, Devenirchaud, Rubiscous, Boatsdesk, FrescoBot, UncleNinja, Rene-dev, DivineAlpha, BlaF, Redrose64, Smuckola, TheAustinMan, Xcvista,
DarkSTALKER, Hoo man, Jcc, Ocexyz, Boobarkee, E-Soter, AlexAshman, Crundy, Trappist the monk, OWAIS NAEEM, Ayeowch,
MrX, Alex Chamberlain, JnRouvignac, MoreNet, Unique.kevin, Sotbas, Mean as custard, RjwilmsiBot, Lopifalko, Xiangfu, Lute66,
Steve03Mills, EmausBot, WikitanvirBot, SamirGunic, GoingBatty, Ebe123, Wikipelli, K6ka, ZroBot, Huntsclan, Jonpatterns, Jdc2106,
Dvprknsn, , Wingman4l7, Sbmeirow, Sahimrobot, MainFrame, ChuispastonBot, AndyTheGrump, Sudozero, One.Ouch.Zero,
Xyzzyavatar, Kallisti05, Kai445, ClueBot NG, GeekX, Bilrand, Andypiperuk, Ryanteck, Yv1hx, Muon, Chicago2011, Solaris3001, Widr,
Anupmehra, 7sagan, Nodulation, Dukzcry, Helpful Pixie Bot, HMSSolent, Tharwen, Lowercase sigmabot, BG19bot, Greatnewts, WikiTryHardDieHard, Virtualibrarian, Kendall-K1, Software11, GreyAlien502, Rrrwiki, Emmeb76, DisSkorpion, Stuporhero, TimGremalm,
Blackberry Sorbet, Katacarbix, Bcxfu75k, Lucasbosch, Kizar, 1typesetter, TranslucentCloud, Shrikantdhumal, Dj777cool, Psergiu, BattyBot, Programmingthomas, Zhaofeng Li, Cyberbot II, Ytic nam, ChrisGualtieri, Pizza103, Arcandam, SD5bot, Cjshea, JYBot, Winkelvi,
Gjeida, Richtenblast, Georgieboy5082, A'kwell, Buhman, Webclient101, Mogism, Migueldvb, Brees Block, Makecat-bot, Deeay ghost, Petenwood, Princeshoko1, Andyjedmonds, Pbrobinson, JRYon, Wai0004, Sidelight12, Paradoxer99, Andyhowlett, Zziccardi, 602p, Pebaen,
Wanze, Joeinwiki, Alberto Panu, Faizan, Xray215, Echinacin35, Shannondorf, Jodosma, Titusfox, Marchino61, Borg4223, EvergreenFir, Myconix, Nordsen, Falconet8, Comp.arch, Atykhonov, Quenhitran, Jackmcbarn, Paul2520, NemesisAT, Noyster, ScotXW, Jeremybphone, Toble Miner, Childishbehavior, RoundDuckMan, Zander Brown, Stenniswood, JackKoszela, BethNaught, Dsprc, Dd1243, Doughyblossom, Amortias, Keepinyour, Bubblewrap2, Porsche966, Raahacks, Zennoe, Ronny.nilsson, Ljfkidd, Legocrafttom006, Adrianwikiuser, HackedBotato, Owenmcdonagh, EoRdE6, StewdioMACK, Fairydaodil, JennaSys, AdyTheBass, Joeydude1, Yaosio, Thatonenerdygamer, Heyboys12, Elmeter, DooMMasteR, Thomasglass, Iced tiger, Lemonlimeandkeylime, EvergreenFir 9.0 and Anonymous: 342

10.2

Images

File:Commons-logo.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg License: ? Contributors: ? Original

artist: ?
File:Computer-aj_aj_ashton_01.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c1/Computer-aj_aj_ashton_01.svg
License: CC0 Contributors: ? Original artist: ?
File:Edit-clear.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg License: Public domain Contributors: The
Tango! Desktop Project. Original artist:
The people from the Tango! project. And according to the meta-data in the le, specically: Andreas Nilsson, and Jakub Steiner (although
minimally).
File:Nuvola_apps_bookcase.svg
Source:
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a5/Nuvola_apps_bookcase.svg
License: LGPL Contributors: The source code of this SVG is <a data-x-rel='nofollow' class='external text' href='http:
//validator.w3.org/check?uri=http%3A%2F%2Fcommons.wikimedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSpecial%3AFilepath%2FNuvola_apps_
bookcase.svg,<span>,&,</span>,ss=1#source'>valid</a>. Original artist: Peter Kemp
File:Padlock-silver-light.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/28/Padlock-silver-light.svg License: CC0
Contributors: ? Original artist: ?
File:Raspberry_Pi_-_Model_A.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/45/Raspberry_Pi_-_Model_A.jpg License: CC BY 2.0 Contributors: Raspberry Pi - Model A Original artist: SparkFun Electronics from Boulder, USA
File:Raspberry_Pi_2_Model_B_v1.1_top_new_(bg_cut_out).jpg Source:
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/
31/Raspberry_Pi_2_Model_B_v1.1_top_new_%28bg_cut_out%29.jpg License: CC BY-SA 4.0 Contributors: Own work - This
le was derived from: Raspberry Pi 2 Model B v1.1 top new.jpg: <a href='//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Raspberry_Pi_

16

10

TEXT AND IMAGE SOURCES, CONTRIBUTORS, AND LICENSES

2_Model_B_v1.1_top_new.jpg' class='image'><img alt='Raspberry Pi 2 Model B v1.1 top new.jpg' src='//upload.wikimedia.org/

wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Raspberry_Pi_2_Model_B_v1.1_top_new.jpg/200px-Raspberry_Pi_2_Model_B_v1.1_top_new.jpg'
width='200' height='133' srcset='//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Raspberry_Pi_2_Model_B_v1.1_top_new.
jpg/300px-Raspberry_Pi_2_Model_B_v1.1_top_new.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Raspberry_Pi_
2_Model_B_v1.1_top_new.jpg/400px-Raspberry_Pi_2_Model_B_v1.1_top_new.jpg 2x' data-le-width='3359' data-le-height='2239'
/></a>
(This version entirely cuts out the background shadow from the original, including holes in the board) Original artist: Multicherry
File:Raspberry_Pi_B+_top.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6f/Raspberry_Pi_B%2B_top.jpg License:
CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Lucasbosch
File:Raspberry_Pi_Compute_Module.png Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4e/Raspberry_Pi_Compute_
Module.png License: CC BY-SA 4.0 Contributors: Raspberry Pi Foundation Original artist: Raspberry Pi Foundation
File:Raspberry_Pi_Logo.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/c/cb/Raspberry_Pi_Logo.svg License: Fair use Contributors:
The logo is from the <a data-x-rel='nofollow' class='external text' href='http://raspberrypi.org'>raspberrypi.org</a> website. publicly available PNG. Converted to SVG by DarkSTALKER. Original artist: ?
File:Raspberry_Pi_board_at_TransferSummit_2011_cropped.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0e/
Raspberry_Pi_board_at_TransferSummit_2011_cropped.jpg License: CC BY 2.0 Contributors: File:Raspberry Pi board at TransferSummit 2011.jpg Original artist: Paul Downey
File:Raspberrypi_video_API_03.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/be/Raspberrypi_video_API_03.svg
License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Wirepath
File:Symbol_list_class.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg License: Public domain Contributors: ? Original artist: ?

10.3

Content license

Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0