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Fig. 1
M
Network
Graph
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
G2
G1
1
3
3
G3
G4
G5
jk
vk
vk
jk
Fig. 4
2
5
aik = 1
0
1
1
Aa = 0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
Fig. 6 Cutset
Fig. 7
Connected Graph
Unconnected Graph
Connected Graph
removal
removal
Unconnected Graph
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
3
2
19
5
6
7
11
15
8
16
10
14
18 21
22
24
23
25
26
29 27
17
28
13
12
Cut set
(c)
Fig. 9
20
For any lumped network , for any of its cut sets, and at
any time, the algebraic sum of all branch currents
traversing the cut-set branches is zero.
From Fig. 9 (a)
j1 (t ) j2 (t ) + j3 (t ) = 0
for all
for all
j1 (t ) + j2 (t ) j3 (t ) = 0
Fig. 10
Cut sets I,II and III are linearly dependent
j1 (t ) + j2 (t ) + j3 (t ) + j4 (t ) + j5 (t ) = 0
Cut set II
j4 (t ) j5 (t ) j8 (t ) j10 (t ) = 0
j1 (t ) + j2 (t ) + j3 (t ) j8 (t ) j10 (t ) = 0
KCLcut set III = KCLcut set I + KCLcut set II
Fig. 11
II
III
V
IV
Cases I,II,III and IV violate the loop
Fig. 12
Case V is a loop
For any lumped network , for any of its loop, and at any
time, the algebraic sum of all branch voltages around
the loop is zero.
Example 1
v2 (t ) v5 (t ) v7 (t ) + v8 (t ) + v4 (t ) = 0
for all
Fig. 13
Tellegens Theorem
vk jk
If all branch voltages and branch currents satisfy KVL and KCL then
k =1
vk jk = 0
= number of branch
Tellegens Theorem
Suppose that v1 , v2 ,......vb and j1 , j2 ,...... jb
jk
voltages and branch currents and if vk and
Then
k =1
vk jk = 0
k =1
vk jk = 0
and
k jk
k =1
=0
Tellegens Theorem
Applications
Tellegens Theorem implies the law of energy conservation.
Since
k jk
=0
k =1
Applications
Conservation of energy
Conservation of complex power
The real part and phase of driving point
impedance
Driving point impedance
Conservation of Energy
b
v (t ) j (t ) = 0
k
For all t
k =1
Conservation of Energy
Resistor
2
k k
R j
Capacitor
1
2
Ck vk
2
Inductor
1 2
Lk ik
2
1
Vk J k = 0
k =1 2
J2
V2
J4
J1
V1
V4
J3
V3
1
1
V1 J 1 = Vk J k
2
k =2 2
V1
V2
Jk
J1
J2
N Linear
time-invariant
RLC Network
Vk
V1
Vk
Z in
V1 = J 1Z in ( j )
From Tellegens theorem, and let P = complex power
delivered to the one-port by the source
1
1
2
P = V1 J 1 = Z in ( j ) J 1
2
2
b
1
1
2
= Vk J k = Z k ( j ) J k
2
2 k =2
1
2
Pav = Re[Z in ( j )] J 1
2
b
1
= Re[Z k ( j )] J k
2 k =2
Average
Average
Average
power
Magnetic
Electric
dissipated
Energy
Energy
Stored
Stored
P
av
P = Pav + 2 j ( M E )
From
1
2
P = Z in ( j ) J 1
2
Z in ( j ) =
2P
J1
P = Pav + 2 j ( M E )