CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM

G. S. O. BANZUELO
MELCHOR HALL, COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES, DILIMAN QUEZON CITY, PHILIPPINES
DATE PERFORMED: JANUARY
INSTRUCTORS NAME: IRINA

07, 2014
DIANE CASTAOS

METHODOLOGY
The experiment focused on
five systems in order to study the
effects
of
concentration
and
temperature
on
the
reaction
equilibrium. In the first system
twenty drops each of 0.10M FeSO 4
and 0.10M AgNO3 were mixed in a
test tube that was then centrifuged
for 5 minutes. The supernate was
then tested for the presence of Fe 2+,
Fe3+ and Ag+ ions using 0.10M
K3Fe(CN)6, 0.10M KSCN, and 1.0M HCl
respectively.
For the second part of the
experiment the system used was
copper (II) ions and ammonia. Twenty
drops of 0.1M CuSO4 was placed in a
test tube. Ammonia was added to
the test tube drop wise until
precipitate
was
observed.
The
container was mixed every after
another drop. The number of drops
added was noted and more ammonia
was added in the same manner as
mentioned until the precipitate
dissolved and a color change
occurred. The number of drops
counted was also noted.
During the third test, four
wells on a clean spot plate were
labelled 1, 2, 3, and 4 respectively.
Five drops of 0.10M K2CrO4 were
placed each on wells 1 and 2 while
five drops of 0.10M K2Cr2O7 were
placed on wells 3 and 4. Also, 2
drops of 2.0M H2SO4 were added to
both the first and third wells. Lastly,
2 drops of 2.0M NaOH were added
each to wells 2 and 4 and the colors

of the solution in the four wells were

all compared.
Afterwards, a stock solution
was prepared by mixing 1mL 0.1M
FeCl3 and 1mL 0.1M KSCN to a 100ml beaker with 50 mL distilled water
for the fourth system.

2 mL of the stock solution was placed

on 4 test tubes labelled TT1, TT2,
TT3, and TT4 respectively. TT1 was
treated as the control while 10 drops
of 0.1M FeCl3 was added to TT2. 10
drops of 0.1M KSCN was added to
TT3 and 3 drops of 2.0M NaOH were
mixed with the stock solution in TT4.
For the last part, while a water
bath was made to boil two test tubes
labelled TT1 and TT2 both with 1mL
of 0.1 M CoCl2 were prepared. TT1
was the control and concentrated
HCl was added to TT2 drop wise until
there is change in the color of the
solution. TT2 was then placed in the
boiling water bath and the color
change was noted. Afterwards, TT2
was transferred to a water bath at
ambient
temperature
and
was
observed again. Finally, the cooled
test tube was placed in an ice bath
and was again observed for any color
change.
CONCLUSION AND
RECOMMENDATION
From the gathered data I could
conclude that reactions do follow Le
Chteliers Principle. In the first part
the tests for the presence of the

three ions all tested positive. This

shows evidence that the system is in
equilibrium because the iron and
silver reactants in the solution were
still found to exist as products after
reaction. For the chromatedichromate system it can be
concluded that addition of reactants
favors the forward reaction in order
to relieve the stress that is change in
concentration. The same concept
applies to the copper (II) - ammonia
system which was evident in the
color change and precipitate
dissolution after adding excess
ammonia to the solution. The fourth
system also shows the same
concept. For the last system the
effect of temperature on the
equilibrium reaction were found to
be: an increase in the temperature
pushes the reaction forward while
decreasing the temperature favors

the backward reaction. Since the

system is endothermic, the opposite
would apply to exothermic reactions.
In order to have better results for the
experiment, human errors such as
measurement errors in reagents
added and contamination of reagents
should be carefully avoided.
REFERENCES
General Chemistry II Laboratory
Manual. (2013). Institute of
Chemistry UP Diliman.
Petrucci, Ralph, Geoffrey Herring,
Jeffry Madura, Carey Bissonnette
(2011). General Chemistry
Principles and Modern Applications.
10th edition. Pearson Education,
Canada, 2011.