A3 1 JHerisson

ICDS12
International Conference DURABLE STRUCTURES: from construction to rehabilitation

LNEC Lisbon Portugal 31 May - 1 June 2012
DURABLE STRUCTURES
12
LNEC Lisbon 31 May - 1June 2012
DS
REACHING MORE SUSTAINABLE

MATERIALS FOR SEWER
NETWORKS THROUGH AN
ACCELERATED TEST
Jean Herisson
Thierry Chaussadent
Pascal Taquet
Eric D. van Hullebusch
IC
Marielle Guguen
DURABLE STRUCTURES
LNE
C
CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVES
ICDS12
DURABLE STRUCTURES
Rehabilitation of
sewer networks
In 1991, a
European
directive leads to
an increase in
the construction
of sewerage and
wastewater
treatment plants
United Nations
declared the
necessity to
halve people
without access
to safe water
and adequate
sanitation
DS
In most
industrialized
countries, sewer
systems are
facing aging
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Construction of new networks
IC
Managers and manufacturers are questioning on

the construction of sustainable sanitation
DURABLE STRUCTURES
Biodeterioration of cementitious materials
LNE
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It represents 9% of the damages described in sewer

networks
ICDS12
DURABLE STRUCTURES
12
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Concrete submitted
to biodeterioration
in sewer network
Concrete convered by gypsum

layer
Tidal zone
Effluent
IC
DURABLE STRUCTURES
LNE
C
1 : Abiotic oxidation of H2S
2 : Intervention of sulfur oxidizing bacteria

3 : Diffusion of sulfuric acid through the
gypsum/ettringite layer
4 : Acid attack of healthy underlying
material
ICDS12
DURABLE STRUCTURES
12
Two cement type

Ordinary Portland
Cement (OPC)
Calcium Aluminate
Cement (CAC)
DS
Field data: CAC more durable than OPC

OPC
CAC
IC
Samples exposed for 16 months in a French

7
sewer network
DURABLE STRUCTURES
LNE
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Aims:
Designing an accelerated test that

represents the aerial part of the global process
Studying the difference of comportment

between two cementitious materials
ICDS12
DURABLE STRUCTURES
12
Laboratory studies on three steps of the whole

mechanism
II
III
Abiotic oxidation of H2S
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Oxidation of sulfured molecules by

bacteria
Acid attack
IC
DURABLE STRUCTURES
LNE
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1. ABIOTIC OXIDATION OF H2S
ICDS12
DURABLE STRUCTURES
12
3 month experiment at 301C, 100% relative

humidity and a flux of H2S at 50 ppm
DS
A sample of each mortar (OPC and CAC) is collected

each month
Water
Zinc acetate
IC
SEM analyses to observe surfaces

EDS analyses to measure elemental sulfur content 11
DURABLE STRUCTURES
LNE
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Heterogeneous and diffuse elemental

sulfur deposit on both samples
Crystals are better shaped and filled in

the case of OPC instead of CAC that
present holes
OPC
CAC
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ICDS12
DURABLE STRUCTURES
12
Elemental sulfur have a different deposition

features on the surface of mortar samples for
OPC and CAC
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H2S has different oxidation/deposition behavior

according to materials composition
Needs of H2S for a suitable accelerated
biodeterioration experiment
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DURABLE STRUCTURES
LNE
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2. OXIDATION OF SULFURED
MOLECULES BY BACTERIA
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ICDS12
DURABLE STRUCTURES
12
Biodeterioration of cementitious materials in sewer

networks involved a succession of sulfur oxidizing
bacteria
DS
Starkeya novella is one of the first bacteria colonizing

cementitious surface and allowing other bacteria to
settle on
Study of Starkeya novella as an example of bacteria
involved in the succession of bacteria leading to
biodeterioration process
IC
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DURABLE STRUCTURES
LNE
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Culture media is agitated at 301C and varied by its

sulfur source:
Thiosulfate (S2O32-) 5 g L-1
Elemental sulfur (S0) 1 g L-1
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) 4 g L-1
Same amount of exchangeable electrons

Growth of this bacterium is monitored in
transmittance mode by optical density using a UV
spectrophotometer at 289 nm
16
ICDS12
DURABLE STRUCTURES
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12
Generation time: (time required for the cell population to double)

S2O32-: 5.0 d
H2S: 32.1 d
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IC
S0: 1.3 d
DURABLE STRUCTURES
LNE
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These bacteria have a higher growth rate on

elemental sulfur
Cementitious matrix with higher level of sulfur

crystals deposited on the surface will promote them
OPC in sewer network will be more favorable to this

bacterium than CAC leading to higher level of
deterioration
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ICDS12
DURABLE STRUCTURES
12
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CONCLUSION
IC
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DURABLE STRUCTURES
LNE
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An accelerated test mimicking sewer networks is required to

identify most durable materials
This test must use H2S due to its variable impact on materials
Some of the bacteria involved in the process of

biodeterioration use elemental sulfur as an energy source
An accelerated chamber is nowadays

operative and used by Ifsttar
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ICDS12
DURABLE STRUCTURES
12
DS
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION
LNE
C
IC
21

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ICDS12

International Conference DURABLE STRUCTURES: from construction to rehabilitation

LNEC Lisbon 31 May - 1June 2012

REACHING MORE SUSTAINABLE

Eric D. van Hullebusch

LNEC Lisbon 31 May - 1June 2012

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVES

LNEC Lisbon 31 May - 1June 2012

Construction of new networks

Managers and manufacturers are questioning on

LNEC Lisbon 31 May - 1June 2012

Biodeterioration of cementitious materials

It represents 9% of the damages described in sewer

LNEC Lisbon 31 May - 1June 2012

Concrete convered by gypsum

LNEC Lisbon 31 May - 1June 2012

1 : Abiotic oxidation of H2S

2 : Intervention of sulfur oxidizing bacteria

LNEC Lisbon 31 May - 1June 2012

Two cement type

Field data: CAC more durable than OPC

Samples exposed for 16 months in a French

LNEC Lisbon 31 May - 1June 2012

Designing an accelerated test that

Studying the difference of comportment

LNEC Lisbon 31 May - 1June 2012

Laboratory studies on three steps of the whole

Abiotic oxidation of H2S

Oxidation of sulfured molecules by

LNEC Lisbon 31 May - 1June 2012

1. ABIOTIC OXIDATION OF H2S

LNEC Lisbon 31 May - 1June 2012

3 month experiment at 301C, 100% relative

A sample of each mortar (OPC and CAC) is collected

SEM analyses to observe surfaces

LNEC Lisbon 31 May - 1June 2012

Heterogeneous and diffuse elemental

Crystals are better shaped and filled in

LNEC Lisbon 31 May - 1June 2012

Elemental sulfur have a different deposition

H2S has different oxidation/deposition behavior

LNEC Lisbon 31 May - 1June 2012

LNEC Lisbon 31 May - 1June 2012

Biodeterioration of cementitious materials in sewer

Starkeya novella is one of the first bacteria colonizing

LNEC Lisbon 31 May - 1June 2012

Culture media is agitated at 301C and varied by its

Same amount of exchangeable electrons

LNEC Lisbon 31 May - 1June 2012

Generation time: (time required for the cell population to double)

LNEC Lisbon 31 May - 1June 2012

These bacteria have a higher growth rate on

Cementitious matrix with higher level of sulfur

OPC in sewer network will be more favorable to this

LNEC Lisbon 31 May - 1June 2012

LNEC Lisbon 31 May - 1June 2012

An accelerated test mimicking sewer networks is required to

Some of the bacteria involved in the process of

An accelerated chamber is nowadays

LNEC Lisbon 31 May - 1June 2012

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

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