Wishing you a very happy and successful new year-2015

Welcome to PYL100 course

Lecture-1 on 02/01/2015
By: Rajendra S. Dhaka
(rsdhaka@physics.iitd.ac.in)

PYL100:
Electromagnetic Waves and
Quantum Mechanics

 COURSE CONTENTS

PYL100:
Electromagnetic Waves and Quantum Mechanics
Faculty members:
vDr. R. S. Dhaka (Oce: II-421A) for PARTI
vProf. R. Chatterjee (Oce: MS 501A) for PART-II
vDr. A. Mishra (Oce: MS 502) for PARTIII
Teaching Assistants:
Mr. Surajit Paul
Ms. Divya Bharadwaj
Ms. Puja Mondal
Mr. Pankaj Sahoo

Part-I:

Electric & magnetic field vectors in a medium,

Susceptibility and Conductivity,
Maxwells equations,
Boundary Conditions;
EM wave equation,
Plane wave solutions,
Polarization of the EM waves,
Poynting vector and intensity of the EM wave;
Wave packet,
Phase and Group velocities
Text book:
Introduc)on to Electrodynamics by David J. Griths (Chapters: 4, 6, 7, 9)
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Book for EM waves: Op)cs by Ajoy Ghatak

Introduction to Electrodynamics by David J. Griffiths (4th Ed.)

Ch.1: Vector Analysis
Vector Analysis
Differential Calculus
Integral Calculus
Curvilinear Coordinates
The Dirac Delta Function
The Theory of Vector Fields

Ch.2: Electrostatics
The Electric Field (Coulombs law)
Divergence and Curl of ElectrostaQc Fields (Gauss law)
Electric PotenQal
Work and Energy in ElectrostaQcs
Conductors

X X

Ch.3: Potentials
Laplaces EquaQon
The Method of Images
SeparaQon of Variables
MulQpole Expansions

Ch.8: Conservation Laws

Charge and energy
Momentum

Ch.4: Electric Fields in Matter

Polariza1on
The Field of a Polarized Object
The Electric Displacement
Linear Dielectrics

Ch.5: Magnetostatics
The Lorentz Force Law
The Biot Savart Law
The Divergence and Curl of B
MagneQc Vector PotenQal

Ch.6: Magnetic Fields in Matter

Magne1za1on
Field of a Magne1zed Object
Auxiliary Field H
Linear and Nonlinear Media

Ch.7: Electrodynamics
Electromo1ve Force
Electromagne1c Induc1on
Maxwells Equa1ons

Ch.9: Electromagnetic Waves

Waves in 1D
Electromagne1c waves in vacuum
Electromagne1c waves in maOer

Ch.1: Vector Analysis Brief overview

Scalar field: Mass, charge, density, temperature
Vector field: Velocity, Acceleration, force, momentum,

Why vector analysis/calculus important for this course?

Note that electric and magnetic fields are both described by

vector quantities.
In addition, these vectors vary from point to point in space
and depend on time.
In order to study such fields, it is important to know how to
differentiate and integrate vectors.
Laws of electromagnetism are best described by equations
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involving the derivatives of the electric and magnetic field.

Ch.1: Four Vector Operations Brief overview

Rules: Some similar to scalar, but many new rules in vector

i.e. vectors represent more information.
Addition: Follows parallelogram law, easily visualized
graphically.
Commutative law A + B = B + A ;
Associative law A+(B+C) = (A+B)+C
Note: Addition can also be done by expressing in
components and adding corresponding components.

Ch.1: Four Vector Operations Brief overview

Subtraction: Similar to addition. Direction of second
vector reversed. A - B = A + (-B);
Multiplication by scalar: Magnitude changes, direction
reverses if scalar is ve.
Obeys associative and distributive law:

Multiplication by vector: Two types

dot product or scalar product
cross product or vector product

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Ch.1: Four Vector Operations Brief overview

v Dot product of two vectors:

It is a scalar.
v Dot product is commutative and distributive

v If the two vectors are parallel (

v If perpendicular (

=0o):

=90o):
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Ch.1: Four Vector Operations Brief overview

The cross product of two vectors is defined as following;
It is a vector . (Right-hand rule)
where is a unit vector (vector of length 1) pointing perpendicular to
the plane of A & B.
The cross product is not commutative.

It is distributive.

When parallel:
the cross product is zero

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Ch.1: Four Vector Operations Brief overview

Vector algebra in component form:

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Ch.1: Differential Calculus Brief overview

Basic concept of Derivative and Gradient:

Suppose we have a function with one variable:
What is the role of derivative
?

This indicates how rapidly the function

change the argument x by a tiny amount, dx

varies when we

In other words:
if we change x by an amount dx, then f changes by an
amount df; the derivative is the proportionality factor.
Suppose, now we have a function of three variables say the
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temperature T (x, y, z); means T at each point (x, y, z)

Ch.1: Differential Calculus Brief overview

v

if the temperature is


a function of 3-D

position(x, y, z), then




we need to use Gradient to

describe the increase in

temperature
In this case, we use partial derivatives as following:

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Ch.1: Differential Calculus Brief overview

this tells us how T changes when we alter all three
variables by the infinitesimal amounts dx, dy, dz.
The above equation is like a dot product result of two
vectors:

(gradient of T)
(Gradient of a scalar function is a vector quantity)

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Ch.1: Differential Calculus Brief overview

del operator:
The gradient of T is like multiplication of a vector
scalar T

with a

del is a vector operator that acts upon T (not multiply)

It is an operator.
That is, del is not a number or a vector by itself.
del acts on any scalar field ( like T) to create a vector field.
To emphasize its vector nature, we put an arrow on del:

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Ch.1: Differential Calculus Brief overview

Properties of del operator:

An ordinary vector A can multiply in three different ways:
Multiply a scalar a: Aa;
Multiply another vector B, via the dot product: A . B;
Multiply another vector via the cross product: A x B.
Correspondingly, there are three ways the operator can act:
On a scalar function T:

T (the gradient)

On a vector function v, the dot product: .v (divergence)

On a vector function v, the cross product:

x v (curl)

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TOPICS FOR SELF STUDY and EXERSICE (Chapter 1 of Griths)