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Resumo
O Transtorno de Estresse Ps-Traumtico (TEPT) um transtorno de ansiedade que se desenvolve em
indivduos aps a exposio a um evento estressor traumtico, como violncia interpessoal, acidentes ou
desastres naturais. A psicoterapia cognitivo-comportamental (TCC) o tratamento de escolha para este
transtorno podendo envolver diferentes componentes, tais como psicoeducao, reestruturao cognitiva
ou exposio. A terapia de exposio possui seus fundamentos na teoria do processamento emocional
e pode ser empregada tanto como um componente da TCC quanto como um tratamento nico. Este
ensaio visa discutir a efetividade da terapia de exposio no TEPT. Inicialmente, sero apresentadas as
teorias que embasam os tratamentos cognitivo-comportamentais para o TEPT. Aps, sero revisadas as
modalidades de exposio para o TEPT e por fim, so consideradas as limitaes do tratamento com
exposio. Conclui-se que apesar da terapia de exposio no ser efetiva para todos os tipos de pacientes
e nem para todos os tipos de traumas, pode ser considerada o tratamento de escolha para o TEPT,
apresentando elevado apoio emprico.
Palavras-chave: transtorno de estresse ps-traumtico, terapia de exposio, terapia cognitivocomportamental.
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Limitaes
O uso das tcnicas de exposio deve ser evitado ou adiado se
houverem indicaes de que o paciente no apresenta condies
de lidar com o desconforto associado exposio. Este pode ser
o caso dos pacientes que apresentem dificuldades em lidar com
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Abstract
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Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is an anxiety disorder which emerges after exposure to a stressful
traumatic event such as interpersonal violence, accidents or natural disasters. Cognitive-behavioral
therapy (CBT) is the elective treatment for this disorder; it includes different components as psycho
education, cognitive restructuring, or exposure. Exposure therapy derives from emotional processing
theory and can be employed as a component of CBT or as a single modality of treatment. This essay aims
to discuss the effectiveness of exposure therapy to PTSD. First, will be presented theories that provide
the basis for cognitive-behavioral treatments for PTSD. Then, the modalities of exposure for PTSD will
be reviewed, and treatment limitations will be considered. We conclude that despite exposure therapy is
not effective for every patient or every kind of traumas, it can be considered the treatment of choice for
PTSD, as it shows high empirical support.
Keywords: posttraumatic stress disorder, exposure therapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy.