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April/May - 2013
Set-1
Solutions
STRENGTH MATERIALS-II
( Civil Engineering )
Time: 3 Hours
Max. Marks: 70
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry Equal Marks
---
1.
A closed cylindrical vessel made of steel plates 5 mm thick with plane ends, carries fluid under pressure of 6 N/mm2.
The diameter of the cylinder is 35 cm and length is 85 cm. Calculate the longitudinal and hoop stresses in the cylinder
wall and determine the change in diameter, length and volume of the cylinder. Take E = 2.1 105 N/mm2 and 1/m =
0.286. (Unit-I, Topic No. 1.1)
2.
(a)
What are the different methods of reducing hoop stresses? Explain the terms: Wire winding of thin cylinders
and shrinkage one cylinder over another cylinder. (Unit-II, Topic No. 2.2)
(b)
3.
A hollow steel shaft of external diameter equal to twice the internal diameter has to transmit 2250 kW power at 400
r.p.m. If the angle of twist has not to exceed 1 in a length equivalent to 10 times the external diameter and the
maximum turning moment is 1/4 times the mean, calculate the maximum stress and diameter of the shaft. Assume the
modulus of rigidity to be 0.8 105 N/mm2. (Unit-III, Topic No. 3.2)
4.
A helical spring, in which the mean diameter of the coils is 8 times the wire diameter, is to be designed to absorb 200
N-m of energy with an extension of 10 cm. The maximum shear stress is not to exceed 125 MPa. Determine the mean
diameter of the helix, diameter of the wire and the number of turns. Also find the load with which an extension of 4 cm
could be produced in the spring. G = 84 GPa. (Unit-IV, Topic No. 4.2)
5.
(a)
Derive the Eulers buckling load for a column with both ends hinged. (Unit-V, Topic No. 5.2)
(b)
Find the ratio of buckling strength of a solid column to that of a hollow column of the same material and having
the same cross-sectional area. The internal diameter of the hollow column is half of its external diameter. Both
the columns are hinged and the same length. (Unit-V, Topic No. 5.2)
6.
A hollow rectangular masonry pier is 120 cm 80 cm wide and 15 cm thick. A vertical load of 200 kN is transmitted in
the vertical plane bisecting 120 cm side and at an eccentricity of 10 cm from the geometric axis of the section.
Calculate the maximum and minimum stress intensities in the section. (Unit-VI, Topic No. 6.2)
7.
A cantilever of rectangular section 40 mm (width) 60 mm (depth) is subjected to an inclined load P at the free end.
The inclination of the load is 25 to the vertical. If the length of the cantilever is 2 meters and maximum stress due to
bending is not to exceed 200 MN/m2, determine the value of P. (Unit-VII, Topic No. 7.3)
8.
Find the bending moment at mid span of the semicircular beam of diameter 6 m loaded at the mid span with a
concentrated load of 80 kN. The beam is fixed at both supports. Find the maximum bending moment and maximum
torque in the beam. (Unit-VIII, Topic No. 8.2)
( JNTU-Anantapur )
S.2
e1 =
e1 =
D
= 8.57 104
D
D = 8.57 104 D
D = 8.57 104 35
D = 0.029 cm
(ii)
1 - Hoop stress
2 - Longitudinal stress.
Hoop stress is given by,
6 35
2 0.5
e2 =
2 1
E
E
e2 =
1
[ 1]
E 2
e2 =
1
[ 1]
E 2
1 = 210 N/mm
Longitudinal stress is given by,
2
2 =
=
(i)
PD
4t
e1 =
1 2
E
E
1
= [1 2]
E
1
2.1 10 5
= 2.14 104
Longitudinal strain is also given by,
e2 =
6 35
4 0.5
2 = 105 N/mm2
Circumferential strain is given by,
D
D
Let,
PD
2t
Length of cylinder, L = 85 cm
Diameter of cylinder, D = 35 cm
Youngs modulus, E = 2.1 105 N/mm2
1 =
2.1 10 5
= 8.57 104
April/May-13, Set-1, Q1
Answer :
Given that,
Thickness, t = 5 mm = 0.5 cm
Fluid pressure, P = 6 N/mm2
1
Poissons ratio, =
= 0.286
m
L
L
L
= 2.14 104
L
L = 2.14 104 L
L = 2.14 104 85
L = 0.018 cm
( JNTU-Anantapur )
S.3
= 2e1 + e2
= 2 8.57 104 + 2.14 104
Q2.
V
= 1.928 103
V
V = 1.928 103 V
= 1.928 103
2
D L
4
= 1.928 103
352 85
4
V = 157.67 cm3
(a)
What are the different methods of reducing hoop stresses? Explain the terms: Wire winding
of thin cylinders and shrinkage one cylinder over another cylinder.
April/May-13, Set-1, Q2(a)
Answer :
The different methods of reducing hoop stresses are,
(i)
(i)
(ii)
Wire Wound
Round Apipe
Wire
Cylinder
d
c
w
c
w
Unit
Length
w - Winding stress in wire
c - Compression stress exerted by wire on cylinder.
1.
The strong steel wire is winded on the walls of the cylinder under tension to reduce the hoop stresses.
2.
By this wire winding, the walls of the cylinder are subjected to an initial compressive stress.
( JNTU-Anantapur )
S.4
3.
4.
The resultant stress will be less with the net effect of initial compressive stress due to the wire winding and due to
internal fluid pressure.
5.
The internal fluid pressure minus the initial compressive stress will be resultant stress in the material.
Resultant stress = Internal fluid pressure Initial compressive stress.
6.
The sum of tensile stress due to internal pressure in the cylinder and initial tensile winding stress will be the stress
in the wire.
Stress in the wire = Tensile stress in cylinder + Initial tensile winding stress
= c + w.
By considering a length L of cylinder, we can obtain the relation between w and c.
2
Initial tensile force in the wire for length L of cylinder = n 2 d w w
4
Where,
n Number of turns of wire
d w2 Diameter of wire.
n=
L
dw
L
2
d w2 w
4
dw
=L
dw w
2
dw w = 2 L t c
2
c =
dw w
4t
Where,
c' - Circumferential stress developed in the cylinder due to fluid pressure only.
w' - Stress developed in the wire due to fluid pressure only.
( JNTU-Anantapur )
S.5
L
d
dw
2nd Turn
of Wire
1st Turn
of Wire
L
d
1.
Due to shrinkage, the inner and outer cylinders are subjected to the initial compressive and initial tension respectively.
2.
The inner and outer cylinders are subjected to the hoop tensile stress when the compound cylinder is subjected to
the internal fluid pressure.
3.
The resultant stresses will be more or less uniform with the net effect of initial stresses due to shrinkage and internal
fluid pressure.
( JNTU-Anantapur )
S.6
r2
px =
r1
x =
b2
x2
b2
x2
a2
... (5)
+ a2
... (6)
Where,
The figure shows the compound thick cylinder consisting of two cylinders.
Let,
px =
px =
x =
x2
b1
x
a1
... (1)
+ a1
... (2)
px =
b1
r22
b1
r2
r2
a2
... (8)
Answer :
Where,
b2
... (7)
(b)
b1
b2
a2
r12
a1
... (3)
Q3.
Answer :
Given that,
... (4)
d2 = 2d1
( JNTU-Anantapur )
S.7
Tmax =
1
Mean turning
4
Tmax =
1
T
4 mean
Angle of twist,
= 1
=1
radians
180
= 0.017 rad
Modulus of rigidity, C = 0.8 105 N/mm2
Power transmitted is given by,
P=
2250 103 =
2NT
60
2 400 Tmean
60
Tmean =
Tmax =
=
1
Tmean
4
1
53714793.29
4
= 13428698.32 N-mm
(i)
C
T
=
L
IP
Where,
T Torque
IP Polar moment of inertia
C Modulus of rigidity
L Length of the shaft.
10d 2
(d 2 d1 ) 4
32
( JNTU-Anantapur )
S.8
13428698.32 32
( d 2 d1 ) 4
d 2 2 = 1005763.164 d2
2
d2
= 1005763.164 d2
2
d 24
= 1005763.164 d2 16
16
d 24 = 16092210.62 d2
d 24
= 16092210.62
d2
d 23 = 16092210.62
d2 = 252.46 mm
d2 = 2d1
d1 =
d2
2
252.46
2
d1 = 126.23 mm
Internal diameter, d1 = 126.23 mm
External diameter, d2 = 252.46 mm
Diameter of the shaft,
D = d1 + d2
= 126.23 + 252.46
= 378.69 mm
Maximum stress is given by,
d1 =
(ii)
T=
D3
16
13428698.32=
(378.69)3
16
13428698.32 16
(378.69)3
= 1.259 N/mm2
Maximum stress, = 1.259 N/mm2.
( JNTU-Anantapur )
S.9
A helical spring, in which the mean diameter of the coils is 8 times the wire diameter, is to be
designed to absorb 200 N-m of energy with an extension of 10 cm. The maximum shear stress is
not to exceed 125 MPa. Determine the mean diameter of the helix, diameter of the wire and the
number of turns. Also find the load with which an extension of 4 cm could be produced in the
spring. G = 84 GPa.
April/May-13, Set-1, Q4
Answer :
Given that,
Mean diameter of coil = 8 times wire diameter
D=8d
Torque, T = 200 N-m = 200 103 N-mm
Extension, 1 = 10 cm = 100 mm
Maximum shear stress, = 125 MPa = 125 N/mm2
Extension, 2 = 4 cm = 40 mm
Modulus of rigidity, C or G = 84 GPa
= 84 103 N/mm2
Q
(i)
R=4d
200 103 =
125 d3
16
d3 =
200 10 3 16
125
d3 = 8148.73
d = 20 mm
(ii)
d3
16
( JNTU-Anantapur )
S.10
(iii)
Number of Turns
We know that twisting moment,
T = W.R.
R = 4 d = 4 20 = 80 mm
200 103 = W 80
200 103
80
W =
W = 2500 N
(iv)
64WR 3 n
Gd 4
100=
64 2500 (80) 3 n
84 103 (20) 4
n=
100 84 103 20 4
64 2500 803
n = 16
Number of turns, n = 16
40 =
W=
64WR 3 n
Gd 4
64 W (80) 3 16
84 103 (20) 4
40 84 103 20 4
64 (80) 3 16
W = 1025.39 N
Q5.
(a)
Derive the Eulers buckling load for a column with both ends hinged.
Answer :
( JNTU-Anantapur )
S.11
Find the ratio of buckling strength of a solid column to that of a hollow column of the same
material and having the same cross-sectional area. The internal diameter of the hollow
column is half of its external diameter. Both the columns are hinged and the same length.
April/May-13, Set-1, Q5(b)
Answer :
Given that,
Internal diameter of hollow column =
di =
1
External diameter of hollow column
2
1
de
2
Let,
D Diameter of solid column
di Internal diameter of hollow column
de External diameter of hollow column.
Both the columns are made of same material and have same length, cross-sectional area and the end conditions.
2 2
D =
d d i2
2
2 e
2 d 2 d e
D =
e
2
2
2
2
2 2 de
d
D = e
4
2
2
2 d e2
d e
D2 =
2
2
D2 =
4d e2 d e2
4
D2 =
3de2
4
D =
3d e
2
... (1)
2 EI
L2
( JNTU-Anantapur )
S.12
P2
16 D 4
PI
... (2)
Where,
3d e
2
Let,
P1
=
P2
I1 =
d 4 d i4
64 e
]
=
d 4 d e
=
e
2
64
64
4 d e4
d e
16
64
16d e4 d e4
16
I1 =
64
And I2 =
15d e4
16
3d e
16
2
15d e4
9d 4
16 e
16
16 15d e4
16 9d e4
5
P1
=
3
P2
P1
= 1.667
P2
Buckling load of hollow column
= 1.667
Buckling load of solid column
Q6.
4
D
64
Answer :
Given that,
P1
P
= 2
I1
I2
15d e4
P1
I
= 1
P2
I2
P1
=
P2
15d e4
64 16
4
D
64
(i)
( JNTU-Anantapur )
S.13
b = 900 mm
d =Dt
= 800 2 150
d = 500 mm
A = (1200 800 900 500)
A= 510000 mm2
Section modulus,
X 1.2 m
Z=
1
[BD2 bd2]
6
0.9 m
1
[1200 8002 900 500]
6
M =Pe
0.5 m
P
M
A
Z
200 103
200 105
=
510000
90.5 106
min = 0.171 N/mm2
(b)
ma x
200 103
200 105
+
510000
90.5 106
min
P
M
=
+
A
Z
Figure
Direct stress,
d =
=
b =
=
200
0.51
= 392.15 kN/m2
Bending stress,
Second Method
Area of pier, A = (BD bd)
W
A
Z=
M
Z
W e
Z
I
y
( JNTU-Anantapur )
S.14
I=
BD3
bd 3
12
12
1.2 0.83
0.9 0.53
12
12
25
D
I = 0.0418 m
y =
D
0.8
=
= 0.4 m
2
2
Z=
0.0418
I
=
= 0.1045 m3
0. 4
y
b =
2m
60 mm
M
Z
200 0.1
0.1045
B
40 mm
A
b = 191.38 kN/m
Maximum stress,
max = d b0
= 392.15 + 191.38
IX =
bd 3
12
= 583.53 kN/m2
40 603
12
IY = 72 104 mm4
Minimum stress,
min = d b
= 392.15 191.38
min = 200.77 kN/m2
Q7.
IY =
60 403
12
IY = 32 104 mm4
The X and Y axes are the principal axes of section
through centroid.
If is the inclination of Neutral Axis (NA),
=
IX
tan
tan =
IY
April/May-13, Set-1, Q7
Answer :
Given that,
Width of section, b = 40 mm
Depth of section, d = 60 mm
Inclination angle, = 25
Length of cantilever, L = 2 m = 2000 mm
bd 3
12
72 10 4
tan =
4 tan25
32
10
tan = 1.049
= 46
( JNTU-Anantapur )
S.15
B =
B =
d
b
MY P
2 +
2
IY
M X P
IX
1812.61P 30
72 10
845.23P 20
32 10 4
845.23P 20
32 10 4
0.125 P = 200
P = 1600 N
= 200
1812.61P 30
72 10
845.23P 20
32 10 4
1812.61 1600 30
72 10
845.23 1600 20
32 10 4
1812.61P 30
72 10
845.23P 20
1812.61 1600 30
72 10
32 10 4
845.23 1600 20
32 10 4
Find the bending moment at mid span of the semicircular beam of diameter 6 m loaded at the
mid span with a concentrated load of 80 kN. The beam is fixed at both supports. Find the maximum bending moment and maximum torque in the beam.
April/May-13, Set-1, Q8
Answer :
Given that,
Diameter of semi-circular beam, d = 6 m = 6000 mm
Concentrated load, P = 60 kN = 60 103 N
( JNTU-Anantapur )
S.16
Let,
Rigidity of modulus, G = 80 GPa
G = 80 106 kN/m2
Modulus of elasticity, E = 200 GPa = 200 106 kN/m2
Radius, R =
d
=3m
2
80 kN
L
90
L
45
N
M
(PR)
Here,
= 90
=
EI
GJ
Moment of inertia,
I =
4
d
64
(6)4
64
= 63.61 m4
Polar moment of inertia,
J =
4
d
32
(6)4
32
J = 127.23 m4
( JNTU-Anantapur )
S.17
K3 = 6.79
MM =
MM = 1.33 kNm
(MM @ = 45) =
= 0.722 kNm
0.722 kNm
1.33 kNm
1.33 kNm
K
RK
L
RL
Reactions
RK + RL = 80 kN
Taking forces about tangent at any point M.
RK 3 80(OP OM) = 0
( JNTU-Anantapur )
S.18
RK = 23.467 kN
RK + RL = 80
23.467 + RL = 80
RL = 80 23.467
RL = 56.53 kN
M = RK Rsin 80 R sin
2
RK R sin 80 R sin = 0
2
RK R sin = 80 R sin
2
80
sin
=
23.467
sin
2
sin
= 3.40
sin
= 3.40
cos
tan = 3.40
= tan1(3.40)
= 73.61
= 7336'
( JNTU-Anantapur )