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NANOTECHNOLOGY
Dr. K. SIVAKUMAR
Dept. of Chemistry, SCSVMV University
Properties:
Properties of materials at nanoscale are different from larger scale
Thermodynamics properties are drastically different from nanoparticles
Examples:
Melting point of gold decreases from 1200K to 800K when the particle size
decreases from 300A to 20 A.
In metals if the size is reduced from the bulk the electronic bands become
narrower and the value of ionization potential is raised.
Properties..
In nanophase metals absorbs hydrogen. This property can be used for
hydrogen storage in metals.
Fe, Co & Ni are in ferromagnetic in bulk state. But they are changed into
supermagnetic in nanophase.
Synthesis of Nanomaterials:
2. Bottom-up process:
Nano materials are produced by building of atom by a atom.
Example: Chemical Vapour Deposition Method
Top down process: [No control over the
size and Morphology of particles]
Example:
1. Ball Milling
2. Plasma Arcing
3. Laser sputtering
4. Vapour Deposition methods
Ball Milling
Ball Milling.
Principle: Small hard balls are allowed to rotate inside a container and
then it is made to fall on a solid with high force to crush the solid into nano
crystal.
When the container is rotating around the central axis, the material is
forced to press against the walls. The milling balls impart energy on
collision and produce smaller grain size of nano particle.
Applications
Ball milling method is useful in preparation of elemental and metal oxide
nano crystals like Co, Cr, Al-Fe, Ag-Fe and Fe.
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CVD..
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Sol-gel Method:
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Sol-gel Method
Sol-gel Method
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Sol-gel Method
Nanopolymers:
Applications:
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Preparation of Nanopolymers:
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Involves
evaporation
of
solid
metal
followed
by
rapid
condensation to form nano-sized clusters.
Various approaches to vaporize the metal can be used and
variation of the medium in which the vapor is released affects the
size of the particles.
Inert gases are used to avoid oxygen while creating nanopolymers,
where as the reactive oxygen is used to produce metal oxide
ceramic products.
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