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11
April/May - 2013
Set-2
Solutions
STRENGTH OF MATERIALS
( Civil Engineering )
Time: 3 Hours
Max. Marks: 75
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry Equal Marks
---
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
A simply supported beam of span 6 m is subjected to a concentrated load of 18 kN at 4 m from left support. E = 200
GPa and I = 15 106 mm4. Calculate,
(a) The position and value of the maximum deflection
(b) Slope at mid-span
(c) Deflection under load. [7+4+4] (Unit-I, Topic No. 1.4)
(a) Calculate the minimum thickness of the shell of a thin cylinder of 1 m diameter, if it is to withstand an internal
pressure of 2 MPa and the longitudinal stress is not to exceed 30 MPa and the hoop stress is not to exceed 40
MPa. (Unit-II, Topic No. 2.2)
(b) Derive the Lames equations for a thick cylinder using normal conventions. [7+8] (Unit-II, Topic No. 2.2.1)
A square element of a thin plate subjected to a compressive stress of 6 MPa in x-direction, a tensile stress of 12 MPa
in y-direction and a shear stress of 10 MPa (clockwise). Determine the principal stresses and their directions by
constructing Mohrs circle. Also find the normal stress and shear stress on the diagonal plane of the square element.
[15] (Unit-III, Topic No. 3.2)
A solid shaft transmits 250 kW at 100 r.p.m. If the shear stress is not to exceed 75 MPa, what should be the diameter
of the shaft? If this shaft is to be replaced by a hollow one whose internal diameter is 0.6 times the outer diameter,
determine the size and the percentage saving in weight, the maximum shear stress being the same. [15]
2m
A
G
1.5 m
1.5 m
1.5 m
P1
Figure
( JNTU-Kakinada )
F
1.5 m
P2
S.12
(b)
Slope at mid-span
(c)
(b)
Slope at Mid-span
Slope at mid span,
iy =
Answer :
Py (l 2 y 2 )
6 EIl
18 2 (62 22 )
(1000)3
6 200 15 106 6
i y = 10.667
Given that,
(c)
Concentrated load, P = 18 kN
Clear span, l = 6 m
yz =
Result
(a)
P = 18 kN
z
4m
x
2m
y
6m
h=
max = 23.224 mm
(b)
(c)
6
Q2.
(a)
Answer :
18 4 2 2 2
(1000)3
3 200 15 106 6
y z = 21.33 mm
l2
l
=
3
3
Px 2 y 2
3EIl
Py (l 2 y 2 )3 / 2
9 2 EIl
18 2(6 2 2 2 )3 / 2 (1000) 3
9 3 200 15 10 6 6
max = 23.224 mm
Given that,
Diameter of thin cylinder shell, d = 1 m
Internal pressure, P = 2 MPa
Longitudinal stress, f2 = 30 MPa
Hoop stress, f1 = 40 MPa
( JNTU-Kakinada )
S.13
Internal pressure, Px =
Hoop stress, fx =
At
x2
a
a=
+a
19 =
x = r1 = 0.5 m, Px = 2 MPa
2=
a=
At
b
x2
0. 5 2
b
0. 5 2
.. (1)
a=
40 =
... (2)
r22
+a
x2
b
0. 5 2
+a
... (3)
40 =
2b
0.52
b
0. 5
b
0. 5 2
= 42
2b = 42 0.52
b = 5.25 m
40 =
b
0. 5 2
5.25
0.52
+a
+a
a = 40 21
a = 19 m
( JNTU-Kakinada )
r22
r2 = 0.525
Thickness (t) = r2 r1
= 0.525 0.5
= 0.025 m
= 25 mm thickness
(b)
5.25
t = 25 mm
a =0
r22
r22
r22 = 0.275
x = r2, Px = 0
b
x + y
2
6 + 12
=
+
2
x y
+ 2xy
6 12
2
+ 10
2
S.14
Minor Stresses
x + y
2 =
x y
1.
+ 2xy
6 + 12
=
6 12
2
+ 10
2
2.
3.
4.
Q4.
2 xy
x y
2 10
6 12
tan 2 = 1.11
[Q tan() = tan]
2 = 4759' or 1321'
= 2359' or 660'
1 = 2359', 2 = 66 (Change in directions)
Maximum shear stress,
max =
Answer :
Given that,
1 2
2
16.453 (10.453)
2
max = 13.453 kN
The direction of maximum stress is,
max = 13.453 kN
' = 45 + 2391'
' = 6859'
Graphical Method of Mohrs Circle
=
= 75 N/mm2.
= 75 106 N/m2
(i)
250=
Z
T=
D
max = 13.453 kN
21
= 1321'
E
21
O
A
22
+ 4759'
G
2 =
10.45 MPa
(Compressive)
1 =
16.45 MPa
(Tensile)
2NT
60 1000
2 100 T
60 10 3
60 103 250
2 100
T = 23873.24 N-m
Torque, T = 23873.24 N-m
But,
Torque, T = .
dS3
16
23873.24= 75 106
dS3
16
( JNTU-Kakinada )
S.15
23873.24
14.726 10 6
2
( DH d H2 )
AH
4
=
2
AS
DS
4
3
S
d = 1.6211 10
dS = 0.1174 m
dS = 117.4 mm
Hollow Shaft
Assuming that length, material and maximum shear
stress at both the shafts are same.
1232 73.82
117.4 2
AH
= 0.7025
AS
[Q LH = LS ]
WH
A
= H = 0.7025
WS
AS
( DH4 d H4 )
3
16
=.
DS
16
DH
DS3 =
DH4 d H4
DH
Result
Diameter of solid shaft, DS = 117.4 mm
But,
% saving in weight =
Given that,
dH = 0.6 DH
DS3 =
... (1)
= 73.8 mm
Percentage Saving in Weight
WH
% saving = 1
WS
Q5.
Given that,
DH = 123 mm
(ii)
= 29.75%
Answer :
DH = 0.123 m
WH
WS
100
So,
WH
AH .LH .WH
=
WS
AS .LS .WS
( JNTU-Kakinada )
2
d
4
2
(d d 22 )
4 1
S.16
But given,
Internal diameter, d2 =
2
d
3 1
k h2
4
d12 + d12
9
=
16
Let us assume,
Area of steel column and hollow column are same.
d2 = (d12 d 22 )
= d12
d2 =
4 2
d
9 1
5 2
d
9 1
k h2 =
9
13
. d2
144 5
k h2 =
13 2
d
80
At solid column,
Radius of gyration,
In solid column,
Buckling strength =
13 2
d
144 1
2 EI S
l2
d 4
2
64 = d
k s2 =
2
16
d
4
2 EAk S2
l2
In hollow column,
EI h
2
Buckling strength =
Where,
k s2 =
EAk h2
2
l
d2
16
k h2
Ph
= 2
Ps
ks
Ph
=
Ps
13 2
d
80
=
d2
16
k h2
k s2
Moment of inertia
k h2 =
Area of hollow column
4
(d1 d 24 )
64
=
2
(d1 d 22 )
4
k h2 =
(d12 + d 22 )
16
... (1)
2
d
3 1
... (2)
Ph
= 2.6
Ps
Result
We know that,
d2 =
13
5
( JNTU-Kakinada )
S.17
Thickness, t = 1 m
W 6e
1 +
b
b
1m
62.5 1 + 6 0.303
1
(Q t = b = 1)
= 176.125 kN/m2
Water
Concrete
wall
2.5 m
W 6e
1
b
b
2.25 m
=
62.5
1
6 0.303
1
= 51.125 kN/m2
min = 51.125 kPa (Tension).
Stress intensities at the base,
WhR2
P=
2
=
10 2.252
2
P = 25.312 kN
The resultant cuts the base at a point per m length
weight of concrete,
W =pth
= 25 1 2.5
W = 62.5 kN
Answer :
Given that,
h
P
a=
R
3
W
25.312
2.25
=
62.5
3
a = 0.303 m
We know that,
Eccentricity, e = x = 0.303 m
( JNTU-Kakinada )
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
S.18
(i)
Rh 2
R2 + h2
R 3 2R + D
ln
R2
D 2R D
(50) 3 2 50 + 40
ln
(50)2
2 50 40
40
= 147.8 mm
The distance of N.A from centroidal axis is,
y0 =
50 147.8
502 + 147.8
y0 = 2.79 mm
The negative sign indicates that the N.A is below the centroidal axis.
(ii)
R 2 y
1 + 2
h R + y
The maximum stress occurs when y is negative for the given values of M, R, A.
The maximum stress occurs at the extreme bottom layer where y = 20 mm.
y=
D
40
=
= 20 mm
2
2
400 1000
max =
50 800
502 20
1 +
147.8 50 20
= 102.8 N/mm2
= 102.8 MPa (Compressive)
min =
2
400 1000 1 + 50 20
50 800 147.8 50 + 20
max
102.8
=
= 1.763
min
58.3
( JNTU-Kakinada )
S.19
M
Bending stress, =
RA
At
R 2 y
1 + 2
h R + y
y = 0,
400 1000
=
50 800
50 2 0
1 +
147.8 50 + 0
0 = 10[1 + 0] = 10 N/mm2
5
At y = 5 mm, = 10 1 + 16.91 50 + 5 = 25.37 N/mm2
58.3
20
49.02
15
38.01
20
mm
10
5
25.37
Centroidal axis
y0
0
Stress
20
mm
8.79
5
10
Neutral axis
32.37 15
62.47
20
102.8
R = 50 mm
Axis of curvature
O
Centre of curvature
( JNTU-Kakinada )
S.20
Q8.
2m
= 538'
A
A
G
1.5 m
1.5 m
F
1.5 m
1.5 m
P1
P2
FAG sin538' = RA
Figure
FAG =
Answer :
25
sin 538'
FAG = 31.24 kN
= 31.24 cos538'
FAB = 18.74 kN
1.5 m
P1
1.5 m
1.5 m
1.5 m
At Joint B
P2
Given that,
Load, P1 = 40 kN
Load, P2 = 20 kN
538'
Reactions
RA + RE = 40 + 20
RA + RE = 60 kN
... (1)
A
G
Taking forces vertically,
FAB sin + FBG = 0
FBG = 18.74 sin538'
FBG = 14.99 kN (Compression)
Taking forces horizontally,
FAB cos + FBC= 0
FBC = 18.74 cos538'
= 11.243 kN (Compression)
( JNTU-Kakinada )
S.21
538'
P2 FFC sin = 0
[Q Load acting in FFD direction P2 = 20 kN]
20 = FFC sin
20
sin 538'
FFC =
FFC = 24.99 kN ~
25
FFC = 25 kN
20 kN
FAG = 31.24 kN
FX = 0
We known that,
Taking forces horizontally,
Fx = 0
... (2)
At Joint E
Free body diagram at joint E.
P2 = FGC sin538'
[Q Load acting in FBG direction P2 = 20 kN]
20 = FGC sin538'
FGC =
20
sin 538'
538'
FGF = 16.24 kN
FGF = 16.24 kN (Tension)
FED =
At Joint F
Free body diagram of Joint F.
538'
At Joint D
20
( JNTU-Kakinada )
31.24
FFE
=
cos 538' cos 538'
C
G
RE
D
3652'
E
F
B.Tech. II-Year II-Sem.
S.22
( JNTU-Kakinada )