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  • Special Topic: Flexible AC Transmission Sysntem (FACTS) in Power System

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    raghuevm
    56 vizualizări3 pagini
    Flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS) aim to enhance power grid controllability and increase power transfer capacity. Long transmission lines and offshore wind farms motivated the development of FACTS. FACTS devices include series controllers like thyristor-controlled series capacitors (TCSC) and static synchronous series compensators (SSSC) that inject voltage in series with transmission lines. Shunt controllers like static VAR compensators (SVC) and static synchronous compensators (STATCOM) inject current to control line voltage. Series compensation improves power transfer by reducing line impedance, while shunt compensation maintains sending and receiving end voltages. FACTS devices also enhance stability by increasing the power angle range for transient stability.

    Descriere originală:

    Introduction to FACTS devices

    Titlu original

    FACTS Devices

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    Flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS) aim to enhance power grid controllability and increase power transfer capacity. Long transmission lines and offshore wind farms motivated the development of FACTS. FACTS devices include series controllers like thyristor-controlled series capacitors (TCSC) and static synchronous series compensators (SSSC) that inject voltage in series with transmission lines. Shunt controllers like static VAR compensators (SVC) and static synchronous compensators (STATCOM) inject current to control line voltage. Series compensation improves power transfer by reducing line impedance, while shunt compensation maintains sending and receiving end voltages. FACTS devices also enhance stability by increasing the power angle range for transient stability.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Descărcați ca PDF, TXT sau citiți online pe Scribd
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    56 vizualizări3 pagini

    Special Topic: Flexible AC Transmission Sysntem (FACTS) in Power System

    Încărcat de

    raghuevm
    Flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS) aim to enhance power grid controllability and increase power transfer capacity. Long transmission lines and offshore wind farms motivated the development of FACTS. FACTS devices include series controllers like thyristor-controlled series capacitors (TCSC) and static synchronous series compensators (SSSC) that inject voltage in series with transmission lines. Shunt controllers like static VAR compensators (SVC) and static synchronous compensators (STATCOM) inject current to control line voltage. Series compensation improves power transfer by reducing line impedance, while shunt compensation maintains sending and receiving end voltages. FACTS devices also enhance stability by increasing the power angle range for transient stability.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Descărcați ca PDF, TXT sau citiți online pe Scribd
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    din 3

    11/27/2012

    MotivationofFACTSTechnology
    SpecialTopic:
    FlexibleACTransmissionSysntem
    (FACTS)inPowerSystem

    Extremelylongtransmissionlinesrequireshighvoltage,large
    powertransfercapacity.

    November7th,2012
    ELCT551:PowerSystemAnalysis&Design

    DefinitionofFACTSdevices

    MotivationofFACTSTechnology
    Offshorewindfarmsalsohaveverylongtransmissionlines(can
    betenstohundredsofmiles)

    Aflexiblealternatingcurrenttransmissionsystem(FACTS) is
    asystemcomposedofstaticequipmentusedfortheAC
    transmissionofelectricalenergy.Itismeanttoenhance
    controllabilityandincreasepowertransfercapabilityofthe
    network.Itisgenerallyapowerelectronicsbasedsystem.

    FACTSisdefinedbytheIEEE as"apowerelectronicbased
    systemandotherstaticequipmentthatprovidecontrolof
    oneormoreACtransmissionsystemparameterstoenhance
    controllabilityandincreasepowertransfercapability."

    BasicTypesofFACTSDevice
    SeriesControllers

    ProblemstoSolve
    1. Flexibilityinpowerflow
    control
    2. Increaseloadingability
    (powertransfercapability)
    3. Enhancesteadystateand
    transientstabilityofpower
    network
    *Bullet2&3willbediscussedlater

    Seriescontrollers:
    Theseriescontrollercouldbeavariableimpedanceora
    variablesourcebotharepowerelectronicsbased.
    Inprinciple,allseriescontrollersinjectvoltageinserieswith
    theline.

    Types:
    Staticsynchronousseries
    compensator(SSSC)
    Thyristorcontrolledseries
    capacitor(TCSC)
    Thyristorcontrolledseries
    reactor(TCSR)
    Thyristorswitchedseries
    capacitor(TSSC)
    Thyristorswitchedseries
    reactor(TSSR)

    11/27/2012

    BasicTypesofFACTSDevice
    ShuntControllers

    BasicTypesofFACTSDevice
    CombinedShuntandSeriesControllers

    Shuntcontrollers:
    Theshuntcontrollersmaybevariable
    impedanceconnectedtotheline
    voltagecausesavariablecurrentflow
    hencerepresentsinjectionofcurrent
    intotheline

    Types:
    Staticsynchronouscompensator
    (STATCOM)
    StaticVARcompensator(SVC).Most
    commonSVCsare:
    Thyristorcontrolledreactor(TCR)
    Thyristorswitchedreactor(TSR)
    Thyristorswitchedcapacitor(TSC)
    Mechanicallyswitchedcapacitor
    (MSC)

    ImprovementofPowerTransferCapacity
    TheoryofPowerTransmission
    Inassumption:R<<Lincable,sothisisanolosscable.
    Inthecaseofanolossline,voltagemagnitudeatthereceiving
    endisthesameasvoltagemagnitudeatthesendingend:

    ImprovementofPowerTransferCapacity
    TheoryofPowerTransmission
    Activepower,P,transferredthroughcableX:

    Vs =Vr =V
    Reactivepower,Q,transferredthroughcableX:

    ImprovementofPowerTransferCapacity
    SeriesCompensation
    VariableimpedanceofseriesconnectedFACTSdevices:Xc

    ImprovementofPowerTransferCapacity
    ShuntCompensation
    CurrentinjectedfromshuntconnectedFACTSdevice:Ic

    Aftercompensation:

    Aftercompensation:

    *Thetransmittableactivepower
    increasewhile(X Xc)decreases.

    *Thetransmittableactivepower
    increasewhileVm =Vs =Vr.

    11/27/2012

    EnhancementofStabilityinPowerNetwork

    EnhancementofStabilityinPowerNetwork

    TransientstabilityanalysisbasedonEqualAreaCriterion
    ifA2>=A1,systemisstable;otherwise,systemisunstable
    Pmisthepowerfromprimemoverofpowersourceand
    keepingconstantduringandafterfaultforawhile.

    WithShuntCompensation:

    WithSeriesCompensation:

    NoCompensation:

    Example:SeriesFACTS:GCSCandTCSC
    GateControlledSeriesCapacitor
    (GCSC)

    Thyrsitor ControlledSeriesCapacitor
    (TCSC)

    GCSCturnoffangle
    TCSCfiringangle

    ExampleofTCSCSystem

    Example:SeriesFACTS:GCSCandTCSC
    GCSCreactancevs.turnoffangle

    TCSCreactancevs.firingangle

    Continuesreactancewaveform

    Discontinuesreactancewaveform

    Noresonancearea

    Resonancearea

    Noreactorisneeded

    Reactorisneeded

    ExampleProblem
    Ina60Hz,threephasenolosssinglelinepowersystem:
    Data:
    Vs =Vr =110kV,
    lineinductance=0.93mH/km,
    linelength=200km.

    TCSCasNorthandSouthinterconnectioninBrazil

    Question:
    1) IfusingseriescompensationwithXc =0.5Xl,
    whatistheloadcapacityofthisline?
    2) IfusingshuntcompensationwithVm =Vs,
    whatistheloadcapacityofthisline?
    3) Forthesethreecases,ifpowerfromVs is80MW,
    whatarethepowerangleinsteadystate?

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