HADITHALKISAAUTHENTICITY

Summaryofquestion
IsthechainofnarratorsofhadithKisaauthenticandhowimportantisthishadith?Pleaseexplaintheeventsthat
arementionedinthishadithandtheeventsthatwerefollowedbytherevelationoftheverseofTathir.
question
IshadithKisaanauthentichadith?PleaseexplaintheeventsmentionedinthishadithandintheverseofTathir.
IsittruethatitwasnotmentionedinbookofMafatihalJinanandwasaddedlater?
Conciseanswer
DespitethefactthatthereissomedisputeinregardtothedetailsoftheeventsmentionedinhadithKisaandthe
verseofTathirandaslightdifferenceinthewordingoftheahadith,butbothShiasandSunnishaveaccepted
thattheytookplace.However,thehadiththathasbeennarratedfromLadyFatimahinsomebooksisnotreliable
anddoesnothaveanauthenticchainofnarrators.
HadithKisawhichismentionedinhadithcollectionsisimportantfortworeasons.First:provingImamateand
authorityfortheAhlulBaytSecond:provingtheirinfallibility.
TherevelationoftheverseofTathirandthestoryofKisatookplaceinthemonthofDhialHijjah.However,it
isnotclearwhatdayittookplaceon.AllweknowisthatittookplacebeforethedayofMubahalah.
DetailedAnswer
A:ABriefLookattheNarrators
HadithKisaisoneofthefamousahadithamongsttheShiaandSunnis.Thishadithismentionedinboth
Shia[1]andSunni[2]hadithcollectionstotheextentthatitisconsideredmutawatir(narratedsomanytimesby
somanydifferentnarratorsthatonebecomessureitwasissuedbyaninfallible).Also,therearemanyhistorical
proofsthatprovesuchastoryistrueaswell.However,themanyahadiththatarenarratedinthisregardarenot
identical,astherearedifferencesintheirwording.Insomeahadith,thestoryismentioned,butwithoutany
details.Inothers,thedetailsarealsoexplained.
Itwasfromthenonthat thetermsThepeopleoftheKisa(cloak)[3] andaaleaba(theprogenyofthe
cloak)[4]werewidelyusedfortheAhlulBayt.
WhatiscommoninalloftheseahadithisthattheProphetmetwithImamAli,LadyFatimah,ImamHasanand
Husein,broughtacloak,coveredallofthemwithitandsaid:OAllah!Thesearemyhousehold. [5]Remove
impurity from them. It was then that the verse: [6] was
revealed.
Thiseventhasbeenmentionedinmorethanseventyahadith.[7]
Whenweobservethenarratorsoftheseahadith,wefindthatmorethan30individualsfromtheProphets
householdandhiscompanionshavenarratedthemwithdifferentchainsofnarrators.Thefollowingaresomeof
themostprominentnarratorsoftheseahadith:1ImamAli2ImamHasan3ImamSajjad4ImamSadiq5
ImamReza6JabiribnAbdullah7AbdullahibnAbbas8AbdullahibnJafaralTayyar9BuraidaalAslami
10AbdullahibnUmar11ImranibnHusayn12SalamahibnalAkwa.13AbuSaidalKhidri14Anasibn
Malik15Abudhar16AbuLayla17AbualAswadDuali18AmribnMeimunOwdi19SadibnAbi
Waqqas20UmmSalamah21Aisha22UmaribnAbiSalamah23AbualHamraa24Zaynabbintabi

Salamah25AamiribnSad26AlBarraibnAazeb27WathilahibnalAsqa28Thawban(theProphets
servant)29AtaaibnSayyar30AbuHurayrah,etc.[8]
B:ImportanceofHadithKisa
Takingwhatwassaidintoconsideration,onecanconcludethatthereisnodoubtamongstSunnisandtheShia
inregardtotheincidentsmentionedinhadithKisaandtheverseofTathir,exceptforthedetailsofthetime,
placeandthedifferenceofwordingintheahadith.
Now,wewillexplaintheimportanceofhadithKisa,theverseofTathirandtheincidentsthatarementionedin
them.Thetwofollowingpointswillshedlightontheirimportance.
1ProvingImamateandAuthority: HadithKisamentionstheissueofimamateandauthorityoftheAhlul
Baytandstipulatesthatthispositionisexclusivelyforthem.
TheProphetspokeofImamAlibeinghissuccessoronmanyoccasions,andhadithKisaisoneofthem.Inthis
hadith,theProphetspeaksofImamAliashisbrother,vicegerent,successorandtheonewhowillholdhisflag
afterhim.[9]Inordertopreventothersfromviolatingtherightsofhishouseholdafterhisdemise,hegathered
themundertheKisa(cloak)andsaid:OAllah!Thesearemyhouseholdandcloseones.Theirfleshismyflesh
andtheirbloodismyblood.Whoeverbothersthemhasbotheredme,andwhoeverupsetsthemhasupsetme.I
declarewaragainstwhoeverisinwarwiththemandIaminpeacewithwhoeverisinpeacewiththem.Iamthe
enemyofwhoeverholdsenmitytowardsthemandIamfriendswithwhoeverholdsfriendshipwiththem.They
arefrommeandIamfromthem.Mayyourblessings,mercy,forgivenessandsatisfactionbeforthemandme,
andmayyoukeepallimpuritiesawayfromthemandpurifythem.[10]
ThequestionthatcomestomindisdidtheProphetdothisforapurposeorfornoreason?Itisnotpossiblefora
wiseindividualliketheProphettodosuchanactfornopurpose.[11]Therefore,itwaspurposeful,andknowing
thecontextoftheverse ...andwhatcomesbeforeandafterit,itcanbeunderstoodthatitwasto
introducetheAhlulBaytandshowtheirsignificance.TheProphetintendedtoclearlystipulatethattheverse
..isonlyreferringtotheseindividuals,sothatnoonewouldinterpretthewordAhlulBaytasallof
hisfamilymembersandrelatives.Inthisregard,ShaykhAbbasQummisays:MaybethereasonwhytheProphet
gatheredtheAhlulBaytundertheKisawastopreventanyonefromtheassumingthattheverseofTathir
coveredallofhisfamilymembersandrelatives.[12]
Therefore, if the Prophet had not done this, all of his family members and relatives may have had taken
advantageoftheverseandclaimedthatitalsoreferredtothem.Thisiswhyitismentionedinsomeofthese
ahadiththattheProphetemphasizedonthephraseOAllah!ThesearemyAhlulBayt(household),protectthem
fromallimpurities.,[13]andrepeateditthreetimes.[14]
Insomesources,itismentionedthatforaperiodoftime,theProphetwouldknockonthedoorofLadyFatimah

andImamAlishouseandsay:

[15]
2ProvingInfallibility:Anotherimportantissuethathasbeenaddressedinthishadithistheinfallibilityofthe
AhlulBayt.KnowingthatthishadithistheShanNuzul(reasonforandoccasionofrevelation)oftheverseof
Tathir,thesamewaytheverseprovestheinfallibilityoftheAhlulBayt,thishadithdoestoo.
Ontheotherhand,becauseGodswillcannotbeopposed,andthephrase isreferring
tohis takwini (generative)will,andbecause thearticle isusedforexclusivity,it isclear that Gods
undoubtfultakwiniwillisthattheAhlulBaytbepurifiedfromallimpuritiesandsins.Therefore,theAhlulBayt
areinfallible.
ItisnoteworthythatGodswillinthisversedoesnotrefertohis tashrii(legislative)will,becauseinthatcase,
itwouldcovereveryhumanbeingandnotjusttheAhlulBayt.Thisisbecausehewillsandwantsallhumansto
stayawayfromimpurities,notonlytheAhlulBayt.

Therefore,thiscontinuouswill,(whichisunderstoodfromtheverb)isatypeofdivinegraceandmercy
fortheAhlulBaytthatenablesthemtobeinfallible,butdoesnotcontradicttheirfreewillatthesametime.
ThemeaningoftheverseisexactlywhatismentionedinziyaratJamiahKabirah:Godhaspreventedyoufrom
makingmistakesandhasmadeyouimmunetowardsalltests.Hehaspurifiedyoufromimpurities,removedall
uncleanlinessfromyouandthoroughlypurifiedyou.[16]
Therefore,thereisnoroomfordoubtthattheverseofTathirprovestheinfallibilityoftheAhlulBayt.[17]
Givenwhatwassaidabove,itisclearhowimportanthadithKisaisinregardtotheimamate,authorityand
infallibilityoftheAhlulBayt.
HadithKisaNarratedfromLadyFatimah
ThereisasimilarhadithnarratedinsomehadithbooksfromLadyFatimahthatisnotreliableanddoesnothave
anauthenticchainofnarrators,because:
1Presumably,thefirstpersonthathasnarratedthishadithwithoutachainofnarratorsisShaykhTarihih(11
centuryA.H)inhisbookAlMuntakhab.ShaykhAbbasQummisaysinthisregard:ThehadithKisathatis
widelyreadandspokenofamongstpeopleisdifferentfromwhatismentionedinhadithcollections.Apparently,
thishadithisonlynarratedinAlMuntakhab.[18]ThisiswhyhehasnotmentionedhadithKisainMafatihal
Jinan.However,thishadithhasbeenaddedtothisbookafterShaykhQummipassedaway;thisdoesnotmean
thishadithisauthentic.Nonetheless,aswementionedearlier,thereisnodoubtinregardtotheeventofKisa
itselfamongstSunnisandtheShia,eveniftheversionaddedtotheMafatihisn'tauthentic.
2DespitethefactthathadithKisaismentionedinAlMuntakhabwithoutachainofnarrators,thishadithis
mentionedwithachainofnarratorstheversionmentionedinthemarginofAwalemalUlum. [19]However,
thereanumberofissuesinthisregard:
A:IfShaykhAbdullahibnNurullahBahranihasmentionedthenarratorsinthemarginofthebook,howwashe
abletotellthatitwasthehandwritingofSayyidHashemBahrani?
B:Someofthenarrators,likeQasemibnYahya,arenotreliable.[20]
C:DespitethefactthatSayyidHashemBahraniwasaftercollectingallahadith,andnotonlytheauthenticones,
innoneofhistwobooksofTafsirAlBurhanandGhayatalMaram,hashementionedthishadith.
D:Manygreatscholars,likeShaykhKulayni,ShaykhTusi,ShaykhMufid,etc.,whoarementionedinthechain
ofnarratorshavenotnarratedthishadithintheirownbooks!
Therefore,thehadithnarratedfromLadyFatimahisnotreliable,especiallythatthewordingofthehadithisvery
differentfromthatoftheotherahadithnarratedinregardtotheeventoftheKisa.Despitesomeissuesaboutthe
chainofnarratorsandthetextofthishadith,someofthemeaningsmentionedinitareinaccordwiththeother
ahadithandQuranicverses.
RevelationoftheVerseofTathir:
TherevelationoftheverseofTathirandtheeventofKisatookplaceinthemonthofDhialHijjah.However,
wedonotknowexactlywhatdayithappenedon.ItisclearthatithappenedbeforethedayofMubahalah,but
therearedifferentopinionsinregardtothedayofMubahalahitself.[21]Themostcommonopinionisthe25 thof
DhialHijjah.

[1]Suchas:AllamahHilli,HasanibnYusuf,NahjalHaqqwaKashalSidq,pp228and229,DaaralKutubal
Lubnani,Beirut,firstedition,1982;BahraniIsfahani,AbdullahibnNurullah,AwalimalUlumwaalMaarifwa
alAhwal min alAyat wa alAkhbar wa alAqwal (Mustadrak Sayyidat alNisa ila alImam alJawad),
researchedandcorrectedby:MuvahhidAbtahiIsfahani,MuhammadBaqir,vol.11,section2,Fatimah(s),pp.
930934,ImamMahdiInstitute(aj),Qum,firstedition,1413AH;MudaffarNajafi,MuhammadHasan,Dalail
alSidqliNahjalHaqq,vol.6,p.251,AalalBaytInstitute,Qum,firstedition,1422AH;IbnTawus,Aliibn
Musa, AlTaraiffiMarifatMadhahibalTawaif,researchedandcorrectedby:Ashur,Ali,vol.1,p.113,
KhayyamPress,firstedition,1400AH;Majlisi,MuhammadBaqir,BiharalAnwar,vol.25,pp.237240,Daar
IhyaalTurathalArabi,Beirut,secondedition,1403AH.
[2] Such as: Ahmad ibn Hanbal, Musnad, chapter of bidayat Musnad Abdullah ibn Abbas and chapter of
WathilahibnalAsqa; SunanalTirmidhi, chapterof minsurat alAhzab; Alusi,SayyidMahmud, Ruhal
MaanifiTafsiralQuranalAdhim,researchedby:AbdulBariAtiyyah,Ali,vol.11,p.195,DaaralKutubal
Ilmiyyah,Beirut,firstedition,1415AH;Haskani,Hakim,ShawahidalTanzilliQawaidalTafdil,vol.2,p.17,
TheInstituteforPrintingandPublicationPress,Tehran,1411AH.
[3] Himyari, AbdullahibnJafar, QurbalIsnad,p.129,Aal alBayt Institute,Qum,first print,1413AH;
Kulayni, Muhammad ibn Yaqub, Kf, researched and corrections by: Ghaffari, Ali Akbar; Akhundi,
Muhammad,vol.8,p.93,DaaralKutubalIslamiyyah,Tehran,fourthedition,1407AH.
[4]Shushtari,NurullahibnSharifalDin,AlSawarimalMuhriqahfiNaqdalSawaiqalMuhriqah,thesection
ofalSawariqalMuhriqah,p.146,AlNahdahPress,Tehran,firstedition,1367AH;DalailalSidqliNahjal
Haqq,vol.5,p.372.
[5]Seeentry:AhlulBayt,Question830(site:899).
[6]Ahzab:33(IndeedAllahdesirestorepelallimpurityfromyou,OPeopleoftheHousehold,andpurifyyou
withathoroughpurification).
[7] Tabatabai,SayyidMuhammadHusayn, AlMizanfiTafsiralQuran,vol.16,p.311,IslamicPublications
Office,Qum,fifthedition,1417AH.
[8]Ibid;Amini,Ibrahim,BarresiyeMasaileKolliyeEmamat,pp192193,BustaneKetab,Qum,fourthedition,
1386(solar).
[9]
; AwalimalUlumwaalMaarifwaalAhwalminalAyat
waalAkhbarwaalAqwal,vol.11,secondsection,Fatimah(s),p.932.
[10]Ibid.
[11]Najm:3and4Nordoeshespeakoutof[hisown]desire.Itisjustarevelationthatisrevealed[tohim].
[12]MuntahaalAamaal,vol.2,p.1018.
[13]
.
[14]BiharalAnwar,vol.35,p.224.
[15]ShaykhTusi,MuhammadibnalHasan,AlAmali,p.251,DaaralThaqaafah,Qum,firstedition,1414AH;
RuhalMaanifiTafsiralQuranalAdhim,vol.8,p.592

[16]
; Shaykh Saduq,
MuhammadibnAli,ManLaYahduruhualFaqih,researchedandcorrectionsby:Ghaffari,AliAkbar,vol.2,p.
611,IslamicPublicationsOffice,Qum,secondedition,1413AH
[17]MakarimShirazi,Nasir,TafsirNemouneh,vol.17,pp297and298,DaaralKutubalIslamiyyah,Tehran,
firstedition,1374(solar).
[18] ShaykhAbbasQummi, MuntahaalAamaal,vol.2,p.1018,DalileMaPress,Qum,firstedition,1379
(solar).
[19] AwalimalUlumwaalMaarifwaalAhwalminalAyatwaalAkhbarwaalAqwal,vol.11,section2,
Fatimah(s),pp930and931 ] ...
... [
: )( : : )( )(
....
[20]SomeconsiderQasimibnYahyatobeweakandhaven'tauthenticatedhim,althoughthissamepersonis
foundinthechainsofsomeofthehadithsofthebookKaamilalZiyaaraat,nonethelesshimbeinginthisbook
isageneralauthenticationthatcannotremovedoubtabouthim.See:HairiYazdi,MurtadaibnAbdalKarim,
KhilalalSalatwaAhkamuhu,p.215,AssociationofSeminaryTeachers,Qum,1420AH;ShahidSadr,Sayyid
Muhammad Baqir, Buhuth fi Sharh alUrwat alWuthqa, researched and corrected by: Hashimi, Sayyid
Mahmoud,vol.4,p.349,TheInternationalShahidMuhammadBaqirSadrCongress,Qum,secondedition,1408
AH; Imam Khumayni, Sayyid Ruhullah, AlMakasib alMuharramah, vol. 1, p. 267, The Institute for the
PublicationofImamKhumaynisWorks,Qum,firstedition,1415AH;FazelLankarani,Muhammad, Tafsilal
ShariahfiSharhTahriralWasilah,alqadawaalshahaadaat,researchedandcorrectedby:Wathiqi,Husayn,
andMiqdadi,MuhammadMahdi,p.529,FiqhiCenterofAimmahAthaar,Qum,firstedition,1420AH;Hilli,
HusaynibnAliibnDawud, RijalIbnDawud,p.494,TehranUniversityPress,1383(solar);AllamahHilli,
Hasan ibn Yusuf ibn Mutahhar, Khulasat alAqwal fi Marifat Ahwal alRijal, p. 248, alMatbaah al
HaydariyyahPress,Najaf,secondedition,1381AH.
[21] LikehowShaykhMufidknowsthedayofMubahalahtobethe24 th ofDhualHijjah,(ShaykhMufid,
MasaaralShia,p.41,ShaykhMufidCongressPress,Qum,firstedition,1413Ah);ShaykhTusialsoknowsthis
daytobethe24thofDhualHijjahandhasnarratedasupplicationinthisregard,(ShaykhTusi,Muhammadibn
Hasan, MisbahalMutahajjid,vol.2,p.759,ShiaFiqhInstitute,Beirut,firstedition,1411AH);also,foran
analyticalstudyonthisissue,see:Sobhani,Jafar,FurugheAbadiyyat,pp.911919,BustaneKetab,Qum,21 st
edition,1385(solar).

Questiontranslationsinotherlanguages

:hebutufafanulieniumuhimuwaHadhithiKisaa(Hadithiyajoho)

: .

:Ksahdisininhmiyytinibyanedin?

:MencionelaimportanciadelHadzKis(NarracindelManto).

: .

:ExposerlimportanceduhadithdeKisaa.

:Ksahadisininnemliliiniaklaynz

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