Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Mathematical
EquationEditor
USERMANUAL
Published By
DesignScience,Inc.
4028Broadway
LongBeach,CA90803
U.S.A.
Phone:
(562)4330685
Fax:
(562)4336969
Email:
info@dessci.com
TechnicalSupport:
support@dessci.com
Web:
www.dessci.com
Copyright19872004byDesignScience,Inc.Allrightsreserved.
MathType,MathPage,MathZoom,MathPlayer,MathFlowandThebestthingforwritingequationssincechalk!are
trademarksofDesignScience,Inc.
Macintosh,KeynoteandTrueTypearetrademarksofAppleComputerInc.
TimesandHelveticaareregisteredtrademarksofAlliedCorporation.
Adobe,AdobeTypeManager,FrameMaker,InDesign,PageMakerandPostScriptaretrademarksofAdobeSystems,Inc.
TEXisatrademarkoftheAmericanMathematicalSociety.
WindowsisatrademarkofMicrosoftCorporation.
IBMisaregisteredtrademarkofInternationalBusinessMachinesCorporation.
HP,LaserJet,DeskJet,andPCLaretrademarksofHewlettPackardCorporation.
QuarkXPressisaregisteredtrademarkofQuarkInc.
WordPerfectisaregisteredtrademarkofCorelCorporation.
Allothercompanyandproductnamesaretrademarksand/orregisteredtrademarksoftheirrespectiveowners.
PortionsofGIFtechnologyarelicensedfromUnisysCorp.underU.S.PatentNo.4,558,302andforeigncounterparts.
FirstPrinting:January2004
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
Chapter 1 Introduction ..............................................................................1
About MathType............................................................................................1
Using this Manual .........................................................................................2
Additional MathType Documentation ............................................................4
Getting Help..................................................................................................4
Registering Your Copy of MathType .............................................................5
Chapter 2 Getting Started .........................................................................7
Overview.......................................................................................................7
System Requirements ..................................................................................7
Installing MathType.......................................................................................7
What to do Next ............................................................................................9
Notes for Users of Earlier Versions of MathType..........................................9
Notes for Microsoft Equation Editor Users..................................................10
Chapter 3 Basic Concepts ......................................................................11
Introduction .................................................................................................11
The MathType Window ...............................................................................12
Keyboard Notation in this Manual...............................................................14
Mouse Notation in this Manual ...................................................................14
Entering Text from the Keyboard ................................................................14
Inserting Symbols .......................................................................................15
Inserting Templates.....................................................................................16
Placing the Insertion Point ..........................................................................16
Moving the Insertion Point ..........................................................................17
Selecting Items in an Equation ...................................................................18
The RETURN Key........................................................................................18
Keyboard Shortcuts ....................................................................................19
Chapter 4 Tutorials ..................................................................................21
Before You Start..........................................................................................21
Tutorial 1: Fractions and Square Roots ......................................................22
Tutorial 2: Sums, Subscripts & Superscripts...............................................26
Tutorial 3: Editing Old Equations ................................................................29
Tutorial 4: Including Text in an Equation .....................................................31
Tutorial 5: Using MathTypes Toolbar..........................................................32
Tutorial 6: Spacing and Alignment ..............................................................36
i
Table of Contents
Chapter 7 Fonts, Styles, Sizes and Spacing .........................................95
Introduction .................................................................................................95
Styles ..........................................................................................................95
Automatic Style Assignment .......................................................................97
Explicit Style Assignments ..........................................................................98
Typesizes....................................................................................................99
Automatic Size Assignments ....................................................................100
Explicit Size Assignments .........................................................................100
Spacing.....................................................................................................100
Equation Preferences ...............................................................................101
Using Preference Files .............................................................................101
Chapter 8 Advanced Formatting ..........................................................103
Introduction ...............................................................................................103
Overriding Automatic Spacing ..................................................................103
Nudging ....................................................................................................104
Fence Alignment .......................................................................................105
Changing the Font of Individual Characters .............................................106
Changing the Size of Individual Characters..............................................107
Choosing Fonts for Math Documents .......................................................107
Fonts as Sources of Additional Symbols ..................................................108
MathType's Font and Character Knowledge.............................................109
Tabs .......................................................................................................... 111
Appendix A MathType's Fonts..............................................................113
Index ........................................................................................................115
iii
iv
Chapter 1: Introduction
Chapter 1
Introduction
About MathType
TM
MathType isanintelligentmathematicalequationeditordesignedforpersonal
computersrunningtheAppleMacOSorMicrosoftWindows.Itsanapplication
thatallowsyoutocreatecomplexequationsthroughsimplepointandclick
techniques,andthenusethemindocuments,Webpages,ormarkupbased
systemslike LATEXandMathML.UsingMathTypeinconjunctionwithaword
processing,pagelayout,orgraphicsapplication,youcaneasilycreatetestsand
classnotes,technicalreports,viewgraphs,researchpapers,dissertations,slides,
andevenentirebooks.MathTypeisalsotheprofessionalversionoftheEquation
EditorthatcomeswithMicrosoftOffice,AppleWorks,CorelWordPerfectand
manyotherpopularapplications,andprovidesaseamlessupgradetothe
capabilitiesfoundinEquationEditor.
Intelligence
MathTypeisintelligentinthesensethatitunderstandsmathematicsandthe
establishedrulesofmathematicaltypesetting.Forexample,itautomatically
UsingMathTypesMathPage technology,MicrosoftWorddocuments
containingequationscanbeconvertedintoWebpagesthatanybrowsercan
display,withnopluginsrequired!Theequationscanevenbemagnifiedwith
TM
MathPagesMathZoom optionforeasierviewing.
Chapter5providesmoredetailedadviceaboutthevariousmethodsfor
importingequationsintodocuments.Chapter6describeshowtogenerateWeb
pagesfromWorddocuments.
Equationsthatyouhavetransferredintodocumentscanbebroughtbackinto
MathTypeforeditingorreuse.YoucandothisusingCutandPastecommands,
orinapplicationsthatsupportOLE(Office)orEGO(AppleWorks),double
clickinganequationopensitinMathTypeautomatically.
Chapter 1: Introduction
MathTypehasaveryintuitiveuserinterface,andyoucanprobablylearnits
basiccapabilitiesjustbyexperimentingwithit.However,readingthismanual
cancutdownonthelearningtimeneededtobecomeproductive.Someof
MathTypesmostpowerfulfeaturesarebestdiscoveredandunderstoodby
readingaboutthemfirst.Wevealsoprovidedmanyhintsandshortcutsthatwill
enableyoutogetthemostbenefitfromMathTypeintheshortestpossibletime.
IfyouwanttogainasoundunderstandingofMathTypeandgetthemostoutof
it,youshouldconsiderreadingmostofthematerialinthenextfourchaptersof
thismanual.Thepurposeofeachchapterisasfollows:
Chapter 4: Tutorials
Providesstepbystepinstructionsforworkingthroughsomesimpleexamples.
Someofthetutorialscoverbasicconceptsandaretheeasiestwaytolearn
MathTypewehighlyrecommendthatyoutakeafewminutestowork
throughthem.Othertutorialsaremoreadvancedandareusefulwheneveryou
needastepbystepintroductiontooneofMathTypesmorepowerfulfeatures.
Whilewehavetriedtomakethismanualcompleteandaccurate,theremaybe
newinformationthatwasnotavailabletouswhenthismanualwaswrittenand
printed.OpentheMathTypeReadMefilelocatedintheMathTypefoldertosee
importantlastminuteinformationandrevisionstothismanual.Inaddition,the
MathTypeWebsiteatwww.dessci.comcontainsaTechnicalSupportsectionwith
articleson:
Workingwithspecificapplicationsthatarenotcoveredinthismanual,
especiallythosethatwerereleasedorupdatedafterthismanualwaswritten.
Troubleshootingproblemsthatwerediscoveredafterthismanualwaswritten.
HowtoextendMathTypesknowledgeoffonts,symbols,andmathlanguages.
WorkingwithmathematicsontheWorldWideWeb.
Getting Help
Wehopethatthismanualtellsyoueverythingthatyouneedtoknowabout
MathType,butitisdifficulttoforeseeeverypossibility.Ifyouhavequestions,
werequestthatyoufirstrefertothismanualandtheonlinehelp.Ifyoufailto
findtheinformationyouneed,oryouwouldliketosuggestimprovementsor
newfeatures,pleasefeelfreetocontactus.
Contact us by E-mail
E-mail is usually the
best way to contact us
and get your questions
answered.
Althoughweofferfreetelephonesupport,emailisusuallythebestwaytoget
yourquestionsanswered.Youcanreachusbymail,byphone(Mondaythrough
Friday,8a.m.to5p.m.,Pacifictime),fax,orelectronically,asfollows:
Chapter 1: Introduction
PleaseincludeyourMathTyperegistrationnumberinanycommunication.You
canfindthisinMathTypesAboutBox.
IfyouareanewMathTypeuser,pleaseusetheRegisterMathTypecommandon
MathTypesHelpmenu(orsendintheregistrationcardthatcomesinthe
MathTypepackage),sothatwecaninformyouaboutupgrades,complementary
products,andotherimportantinformation.
Chapter 2
Getting Started
Overview
ThischapterdescribesthestepsyouneedtogothroughtogetMathTypeupand
runningandprovideshelpfulinformationifyouareupgradingfromour
EquationEditorproductorapreviousversionofMathType.
MathTypessystemrequirementsandinstallationinstructionsarelistedbelow.
AlthoughinstallingMathTypeissimplyamatterofrunningitsInstallerand
followingafewsimpleinstructions,youmaywanttoreadthischapterfirstso
youhaveabetterunderstandingofMathTypeanditscomponents.
System Requirements
InordertoinstallandrunMathType,yourMacintoshcomputermusthave:
OS9.0orlater,orOSX10.1orlater.
Aharddiskdrivewithatleast20megabytesoffreespace.
CDROMdrive,oranInternetconnectionfordownloadingtheprogram.
Enoughmemoryfora4MBpartitioninOS9.
Installing MathType
InstallingMathTypeisverysimplejustruntheMathTypeInstallerprogram
andfollowitsinstructions.
MathType Installer
OnceyouhavestartedtheMathTypeInstaller,justfollowtheinstructions
presentedtoyou.TheInstallerwillinstallthefollowingcomponents:
TheMathTypeapplication.
MathTypesfonts,inTrueTypeformat.
MathTypecommandsforMicrosoftWord98,2001andX
MathTypecommandsforMicrosoftPowerPoint98,2001andX.
YoumaynoticeaslightdelayastheInstallersearchesyourharddisk(s)forall
installedversionsofMicrosoftOffice.InstallingunderOSXinstallsthe
commandsforOfficeX,installingunderOS9(orClassic)installsthecommands
forOffice98andOffice2001.SeeChapter5formoredetails.
MathType Lite
YoucaninstallMathTypeintwodifferentways:infull,unlockedmode,orin30
dayevaluationmode.After30daystheevaluationmodechangestoMathType
Litemode,whichoffersreducedfunctionalityalongthelinesofEquationEditor.
AtanytimeyoumayunlockMathTypebyenteringyourregistrationnumber.
YoucanpurchasearegistrationnumberatanytimefromourWebsiteat
www.dessci.com,orbycallingourSalesphonenumber(seeChapter1).
What to do Next
Registering MathType
Please register your
copy of MathType, so
that we can inform you
of complementary
products and upgrades.
NowthatyouveinstalledMathType,youreprobablyreadytostartcreating
equations.But,ifyouhaveafewminutes,youmightwanttolookovertherest
ofthischapter,especiallyifyouareupgradingfromEquationEditororanearlier
versionofMathType.
Onceyouhavefinishedwiththischapter,youhavetwochoicesastowhattodo
next.IfyouwanttounderstandthebasicideasbehindMathType,read
Chapter3.ThevariouselementsshownintheMathTypewindowareall
describedthere.Ontheotherhand,ifyoureanexperiencedMacintoshuser,and
yourefeelingimpatientandimpetuous,youcanturntoChapter4andstart
workingthroughthequickandeasytutorials.MathTypeisverysimpleand
intuitive,andadherescloselytouserinterfacestandards,soyouwillprobably
getthehangofitfairlyquickly.Intheunlikelyeventthatsomethingseemsa
littlestrangeorconfusing,youcanalwaysgobackandreadChapter3orconsult
MathTypesonlinehelp.
10
OnceMathTypeisinstalled,iteffectivelyreplacesEquationEditorasthe
applicationusedforeditingequations.However,MathTypesinstallation
programdoesnotdeletetheEquationEditorapplication,butsimplyregisters
itselfastheeditorforequationsyouhavealreadycreatedwithEquationEditor
(andearlierversionsofMathType).Ifyouwanttochangethisbehaviororfine
tuneit,choosetheObjectEditingPreferencescommandonMathTypes
Preferencesmenu.ThisallowsyoutochoosewhetherornottouseMathTypeto
editequationscreatedbyEquationEditor.
Chapter 3
Basic Concepts
Introduction
ThischapteroutlinesthebasicconceptsusedinMathType.Ifyouarean
experiencedMacintoshuseryouwillbefamiliarwithsomeofthemalready,
sincetheyarecommontomanyapplications.Ontheotherhand,thesymboland
templateideasareuniquetoMathType,soyoumaywanttoreadalittleabout
them.
ThebasicpurposeofMathTypeistoallowyoutocreateandeditmathematical
equations.Inthismanual,weusethetermequationtorefertoany
combinationofmathematicalsymbols.Theapproachtoequationcreationisvery
intuitiveandvisuallyoriented.Foreachbasicmathematicalconstruct,likea
fractionoranintegral,MathTypeprovidesatemplatecontainingvarious
symbolsandemptyslots.Youbuildequationssimplybyinsertingtemplatesand
thenfillingintheirslots.Chapter4explainsthetechniquesindetail.
YouwillgenerallybeplacingMathTypeequationsintoadocumentyoure
creatingwithawordprocessor(orapagelayoutapplication,orasimilar
program).YoullwanttorunMathTypeandyourwordprocessor
simultaneously,andtransferequationsintoandoutofyourdocument.Chapter5
explainsseveralwaystodothis.
YoucanstartMathTypelikeanyotherapplication,byclickingontheMathType
icon.AnemptyMathTypewindowwillappear.
11
Pale tte
Se le ction
Status bar
Withintheequationareaitself,therearefouritemsofinterest:
Empty Slot
Aslotcontainingnotextisdisplayedwithadottedoutline.
Insertion Point
Ablinkingmarkerconsistingofahorizontallineandaverticallinethatindicates
wheretextortemplateswillbeinsertednext.
Selection
Thepartoftheequationthatwillbeaffectedbyanysubsequentediting
commandsishighlighted.
Status Bar
TheStatusBarcontainsfourareasthattellyouyourcurrentsettingsforStyle,
Size,Zoom,andColor.Youcanchangethesesettingsusingmenucommandsor
simplyControlclickonanareatoshowamenuforthatsetting.Whilemoving
themouseinthetoolbarorinthemenus,thefourStatusBarentriesare
temporarilyreplacedbyamessagethatdescribestheitemthemousepointeris
over.Atothertimes,themessagetellsyouwhatoperationMathTypehasjust
performedorwhatitisexpectingyoutodonext.
12
Symbol Palettes
Ifyoupressorclickononeofthesebuttons,apalettecontainingvarioussymbols
willappear.Ifyouchooseoneofthesymbols,itwillbeaddedtoyourequation
attheinsertionpoint.
Template Palettes
Ifyoupressorclickononeofthesebuttons,apalettecontainingvarious
templateswillappear.Ifyouchooseoneofthetemplates,itwillbeaddedto
yourequationattheinsertionpointor,ifsomethingisselected,itwillwrap
aroundit.
The Bars
Organizing Tip
The Tabs allow you to
organize your symbols,
expressions, and
templates into named
collections. Tutorial 5 in
Chapter 4 shows you
how to rename Tabs.
TheSmallBarandtheLargeandSmallTabbedBarsarecontainersinwhichyou
canstorefrequentlyusedsymbols,templates,andexpressions(wholeequations
orpartsofequations).
Small
Medium
Large
Ruler
Showsyouhowlargeyourequationis,andallowsyoutosettabstopsthat
controlformatting.
13
14
Inserting Symbols
Keyboard Shortcuts
MathType also provides
keyboard shortcuts for
inserting almost all
symbols on the palettes.
These are shown in the
Status Bar when the
mouse is over each
symbol. You can also
assign your own
keyboard shortcut to any
symbol. See Tutorial 16
in Chapter 4 for more
information.
Toinsertasymbol,youclickonitinoneofthebars,orchooseitfromoneofthe
SymbolPalettes,asshowninthepicturebelow.TheSymbolPalettesworklike
standardmenusjustpressorclickthemousebuttontodisplaythepalettes
contents,thenchoosethedesiredsymbol.Thesymbolwillbeinserted
immediatelytotherightoftheinsertionpointor,ifsomethingisselected,the
symbolwillreplaceit.
15
Inserting Templates
Keyboard Shortcuts
MathType also provides
keyboard shortcuts for
inserting almost all
templates. These are
shown in the Status Bar
when the mouse is over
each template. You can
also assign your own
keyboard shortcut to any
template. See
Tutorial 16 in Chapter 4
for more information.
Toinsertatemplate,youclickonitinoneofthebars,orchooseitfromoneof
theTemplatePalettes.TheTemplatePalettesalsoworklikestandardmenus
justpressorclickthemousebuttontodisplaythepalettescontents,thenchoose
thedesiredtemplate.Thetemplatewillbeinsertedimmediatelytotherightof
theinsertionpointor,ifsomethingisselected,thetemplatewillwrapitself
aroundit.
Atemplateisaformattedcollectionofsymbolsandemptyslots.Youbuild
expressionsbyinsertingtemplatesandthenfillingintheirslots.Youcaninsert
templatesintotheslotsofothertemplates,socomplexhierarchicalformulascan
bebuiltupinanaturalway.Slotsareintelligentinthesensethattheycontrol
thepropertiesofanycharactersinsertedintothem.Forexample,anytextthat
youinsertintotheupperlimitslotinasummationtemplateisautomatically
reducedinsizeandiscenteredabovethesummationsign.
Youcanplacetheinsertionpointwithinthetextofanyslotbyclickinginthe
desiredlocation,justlikeinawordprocessor.PressingtheTABkeywillmove
theinsertionpointtotheendofthenextslotintheequation.Byrepeatedly
pressingtheTABkey,youcanmaketheinsertionpointcyclethrougheveryslot
intheequation.(SincetheTABkeyisusedtocycletheinsertionpoint,youmay
bewonderinghowtoentertabcharacters.ThisisdonewithCONTROLTAB.)
IfyouholddowntheSHIFTkeywhilepressingtheTABkey,theinsertionpoint
willmovearoundtheequationinthereversedirection.Youcanalsomovethe
insertionpointbyusingthearrowkeys;thisisdescribedinmoredetailinthe
followingsection.
Youcantellwhichslotcontainstheinsertionpointfromitssizeandshape.The
horizontallineoftheinsertionpointrunsalongthebottomedgeoftheslot,and
theverticallineoftheinsertionpointrunsfromthetoptothebottomoftheslot.
IfyouveturnedonnestingwiththeShowNestingcommand,youcantellwhich
slotcontainstheinsertionpointbyitsbackgroundcolor.
16
17
Asinotherapplications,youhavetoselecttheitemsthatyouwanttooperate
uponbeforeyouchoosethecommandthatistobeappliedtothem.In
MathType,theselectedpartoftheequationwillbeaffectedbyasubsequent
editingcommandsuchasCut,Copy,orNudge.Toselectpartofanequation,
youpositionthemousepointeroveroneendoftheitemstobeselected,andthen
pressandholddownthemousebuttonwhiledraggingthepointeroverthe
equation.Theselecteditemswillbehighlighted.
18
PressingtheRETURNkeywillcreateanewlinewithasingleemptyslot
immediatelybeneaththeslotcontainingtheinsertionpoint.Aseriesoflines
createdinthisway,oneaboveanother,iscalledapile.Youcanusepilesto
representmatricesandcolumnvectors,ifyoupreferthemtoMathTypesbuiltin
matrices.PressingtheDELETEkeywiththeinsertionpointatthebeginningofa
linewilljoinitbacktothelineabove.
Keyboard Shortcuts
Watch the Status Bar
When the mouse is over
a symbol or template in
the Toolbar, the Status
Bar shows its keyboard
shortcut. You can list all
shortcuts by using the
Customize Keyboard
command or by looking
in the online help. See
Tutorial 16 in Chapter 4
for more information.
YoucanexecutealmostallMathTypeoperationsdirectlyfromthekeyboardby
enteringkeystrokeswhileholdingdowntheCOMMAND( )key.Forexample,
youcaninsertafractiontemplateusingCOMMANDF,i.e.bytypinganFwhile
holdingdowntheCOMMANDkey.Shortcutsofthissortareusefulforadvanced
users,especiallyexperttouchtypistswholiketokeeptheirhandsonthe
keyboard.
Someshortcutsrequireyoutotypetwokeystrokecombinationsconsecutively.
Forexample,COMMANDSHIFTI,2isashortcutthatinsertsadoubleintegral
template.Totypethis,youmustfirsttypeCOMMANDSHIFTIbypressingall
threekeysatthesametime,releasethem,thentypea2.
Inthismanual,whenashortcutmustbeenteredwiththeSHIFTkeyhelddown,
theSHIFTkeywillalwaysbementionedexplicitly(asintheexampleabove).
However,manyofMathTypesshortcutsusenonalphabeticcharacters;theyve
beenchosenfortheirmnemonicvalue.Forexample,typingCOMMAND{inserts
the template.Insomecases,togeneratethemnemoniccharacteryoumust
alsoholddownSHIFT.Whendocumentingthesekindsofshortcutsinthis
manual(andinMathTypeitself)wedonotexplicitlystatethattheSHIFTkey
needstobehelddown.However,whenyouentertheshortcutyouneedtobe
awareofthis.So,forexample,thekeyboardshortcutforinsertinga template
iswrittenasCOMMAND{,notCOMMANDSHIFT[orCOMMANDSHIFT{.
19
20
Chapter 4: Tutorials
Chapter 4
Tutorials
Before You Start
Thischaptercontainsseveraltutorialexamplesillustratingvariouswaystouse
MathType.Weprovidestepbystepinstructionsforeachexample,soyou
shouldfinditeasytoworkthroughthem.Eachtutorialshouldtakeyounomore
than10minutes,andtheyarebyfarthebestwaytolearnMathType.Dont
worryifthelevelofthemathinthetutorialsisnotwhatyouuseinyourjob.The
techniquesyoulllearnarethesame,regardlessofthelevelofthemath.Before
youstart,however,thereareafewthingstobearinmind.
First,recallthatyoucanfindsymbolsandtemplateseitherinthepalettesatthe
verytopoftheMathTypewindow,orinthebarslowerdown.Youhavetopull
downthepalettestofindtheitemsyouneed,butyoucanjustclickontheones
inthebars.Forthemostpart,thetutorialswillrequireverycommonsymbols
andtemplatesthatweplacedinthebarsforyoubeforeweshippedMathType.
Youcanchangethecontentsofthesebarsatanytime;weexplainhowin
Tutorial5.
Undo and Redo
You can also correct
mistakes by using the
Undo command on
MathTypes Edit menu.
In MathType 5 you can
Undo and Redo an
unlimited number of
times.
Also,youdonothavetoworryaboutmakingmistakes.Ifyoutypesomething
wrong,orchoosethewrongsymbolfromoneofthepalettes,youcancorrect
yourmistakebypressingtheDELETEkey.
21
y=
3
16
sin x c 2 tan x
Thisisaverysimpleequationtocreate,butyoulllearnaboutfractionsand
squareroottemplates,andwellexplorethepropertiesoftheinsertionpoint,and
illustrateMathTypesfunctionrecognitionandautomaticspacingcapabilities.
Tocreatetheequation,justfollowthestepslistedbelow.Rememberthatthe
charactersyouhavetotypeintotheequationareshowninboldtype.
1. OpenanewWorddocument,andtypeafewlinesoftext,justtomakethe
situationabitmorerealistic.
Word Toolbar
You can insert a display
equation using the
button on Words
MathType toolbar. You
can see what each
toolbar button does by
holding the mouse
pointer over the button
for a couple of seconds.
A tooltip will appear
containing the name of
the buttons command.
2. NowwerereadytoinsertaMathTypeequation.IfyouinstalledMathType
correctly,thereshouldbeaMathTypemenutowardstherighthandendofthe
Wordmenubar,asshownbelow.
FromtheMathTypemenuchoosetheInsertDisplayEquationcommand.This
willopenaMathTypewindow,readyforyoutostartcreatingtheequation.Iffor
somereasonneithertheMathTypemenunortheMathTypetoolbarisavailable
inWord,youcanuseWordsInsertObjectcommandfornow(chooseObjecton
theInsertmenu),andchooseMathType5.0Equationfromthelistofobjecttypes
displayed.SeeChapter5tolearnaboutotherwaystoinsertanequation,either
inWordorotherapplications.
3. IntheMathTypewindow,typey=.Youdonthavetotypeaspacebetween
theyandthe=,becauseMathTypetakescareofthespacingautomatically.To
helpyoubreakthehabitoftypingspaces,thespacebarisdisabledmostofthe
22
Chapter 4: Tutorials
timeinMathType,sopressingitwillhavenoeffect(otherthanproducingan
annoyingbeep!).Chapter7discusseswhereandhowyoushouldenterspacesin
MathType,butyouwonthavetodothisveryoften.
Also,noticethattheyhasbeenmadeitalic,butthe=signhasnot.Mathematical
variablesarealmostalwaysprintedinitalics,sothisisthedefaultinMathType.
YoucanchangethisbyredefiningtheVariablestyleusingtheDefinecommand
onMathTypesStylemenu.SeeChapter7fordetails.
4. Nowweneedtoenterasquarerootsign.Todothis,clickonthe iconin
palette,butwevealso
theSmallBar.The templateshomeisinthe
includeditintheSmallBartomakeiteasierforyoutofind.Yourequation
shouldnowlooklikethis:
Thecharactersintheequationmightbelargerthanyouexpect,butthisisjusta
resultoftheviewingscaleyoureusing.YoucanusethecommandsontheView
menutochangetheviewingscaletoanythingbetween25%and800%.The
blinkinginsertionpointshouldbeintheslotunderthesquarerootsign,
indicatingthatwhateveryouenternextwillappearthere.
Fraction Template
As you hold the mouse
pointer over the palette
items their name is
displayed in the status
bar at the bottom of the
MathType window. This
will help you make sure
you pick the correct
template.
5. Next,weenterafractiontemplate.Todothis,openthe
paletteand
choosethe templateitstheoneontherightinthetoprow.Thistemplate
producesreducedsizefractions,sometimesknownascasefractionsinthe
typesettingworld.Casefractionsaregenerallyusedtosavespacewhenthe
numeratoranddenominatorofthefractionarejustplainnumbers.Becarefulnot
tochoosethelarger templatethiswouldcreateafullsizefraction,which
wouldbetoobigforthissituation.NoticehowMathTypeautomaticallyexpands
thesizeofthesquarerootsigntoaccommodatethefraction.Yourequation
shouldnowlooklikethis:
Theinsertionpointshouldbeinthenumerator(upper)slotofthefraction
template.
6. Toenterthenumeratorofthefraction,justtype3.
7. Nowweneedtomovetheinsertionpointdownintothedenominatorslotof
thefraction.YoucandothisbypressingtheTABkeyorbyclickinginsidethe
denominatorslotinyourequation.
8. Enterthedenominatorbytyping16.
9. Nextweneedtoaddthesinxoutsideofthesquarerootsign,andtodothis
wehavetogettheinsertionpointintothecorrectpositioninthehierarchyof
slotsthatmakeuptheequation.IfyourepeatedlypresstheTABkey,youcan
23
IfyouusetheShowNestingcommandontheViewmenu,youcangetaneven
betterpictureofthehierarchicalarrangementofslotsinyourequation:
Wehavetodecidewhichoftheseinsertionpointpositionsistherightonefor
addingthesinx.Thepositionontheleftisclearlywrongwedontwantthe
sinxtogointhedenominatorofthefraction.Inthepositionshowninthecenter,
theinsertionpointisinthemainslotunderthesquarerootsign,soifwetypein
sinxtheresultwillbethefollowingformula:
Thisisnotwhatwewanteither.Theinsertionpointpositionshownonthefar
rightisthecorrectone;theinsertionpointisoutsidethesquareroot,whichis
wherewewantthesinxtogo.
Functions
You can customize the
list of functions that
MathType automatically
recognizes. Tutorial 4
contains an example.
24
10. KeeppressingtheTabkeyuntiltheinsertionpointarrivesinthecorrect
position,andthentypeintheletterssinx.Typeslowly,sothatyoucanwatch
whathappens.Whenyouinitiallytypethem,thesandtheiwillbeitalic,
becauseMathTypeassumesthattheyarevariables.However,assoonasyou
typethen,MathTyperecognizesthatsinisanabbreviationforthesinefunction.
Followingstandardtypesettingrules,MathTypeusesplainRoman(nonitalic)
formatforthesin,andinsertsathinspace(onesixthofanem)betweenthesin
andthex.
Chapter 4: Tutorials
11. Typec.Rememberyoudonthavetotypethespaces.Youinserttheminus
signbypressingthe(minus/hyphen)keyonyourkeyboard.Inaword
processor,pressingthiskeyinsertsahyphen,whichistypicallyshorterthana
minussign.However,sincehyphensareveryuncommoninmathematics,
MathTypereplacesthemwithminussignsforyou(whentheMathstyleisin
effect).Yourequationshouldnowlooklikethis:
Keyboard Shortcuts
You can also create a
superscript slot by
typing COMMAND E.
COMMAND L inserts a
subscript slot.
12. Nextweneedtoattachthesuperscript(orexponent)tothec.Todothis,
clickonthe iconintheSmallBar.Thiswillcreateasuperscriptslotnexttothe
c,asshownbelow:
13. Type2,andthenpressTABtomovetheinsertionpointoutofthesuperscript
slot,intothepositionshownbelow:
14. ClickontheintheSmallBar.MathTypeknowsthatthesymbolis
supposedtohavespacesarounditinthissituation,so,asusual,youdonthave
totypethem.
Greek Characters
You can enter a Greek
character using
COMMAND G and its
eqivalent, e.g. m for , P
for .
16. Finishtheformulabytypingtanx.Again,noticethatMathTypeusesplain
(insteadofitalic)typeforthetanfunctionandputsthinspacesoneithersideof
it.Yourfinishedequationshouldlooklikethis:
Keyboard Shortcut
The quickest way to
close the MathType
window is by pressing
COMMAND W.
17.ClosetheMathTypewindow,andchooseYesinresponsetothedialogthat
asksifyouwanttosavechanges.ThiswillinsertyourequationintotheWord
documentindisplayequationform(onalinebyitself),likethis:
y=
3
16
sin x c 2 tan x
25
1 n
n i =1
X2 = X i2 nX 2
Thisformulaillustratestheuseofsubscripts,superscripts,andsummation
templates.Integralandproducttemplatesbehavemuchthesameassummation
templates,sowhatyoulearninthistutorialwillbeusefulinavarietyofother
situations.Thestepsrequiredtocreatetheformulaareasfollows:
1. OpenanewWorddocument,andtypeafewlinesoftext.
2. ChoosetheInsertDisplayEquationcommandfromWordsMathTypemenu
orMathTypetoolbar.ThiswillopenaMathTypewindow,readyforyoutostart
creatingtheequation.
3. Entera. Onewaytodothisistochooseitfromthe
palette.
Alternatively,youcoulduseitskeyboardshortcut.Thekeyboardshortcutsfor
toolbaritemsaredisplayedinthestatusbarasyoumovethemouseoverthem.
InthiscaseyoucanpressCOMMANDGfollowedbys.
Zoom Levels
A quick way to change
zoom level is to
CONTROL-CLICK in the
Zoom panel on the
status bar.
Or, you can type:
COMMAND 1 for 100%,
COMMAND 2 for 200%,
COMMAND 4 for 400%,
COMMAND 8 for 800%.
4. Next,createslotsforthesubscriptandsuperscriptonthebyclickingon
the iconintheSmallBar.Subscriptsandsuperscriptsarerathersmall.In
ordertobetterseewhatshappening,makesureyouvechosenatleast200%
viewingscaleintheZoomsubmenuoftheViewmenu.
5. Theinsertionpointwillbelocatedinthenewlycreatedsubscriptslot.Type
thesubscript,X.
6. Movetheinsertionpointupintothesuperscriptsloteitherbyclickinginit
orbypressingtheTABkey.Thentypethenumber2intothesuperscriptslot.
7. Now lets movetheinsertionpointtothelocationshownbelow:
EitherpresstheTABkey,orclicksomewhereouttotherightoftheequation,as
showninthepicture.Becarefulnottoplacethepointertooclosetothesubscript
orsuperscriptslots,orelsetheinsertionpointmayjumpintooneofthemwhen
youclick.
26
Chapter 4: Tutorials
8. Typeinthe=sign.Remembernottotypeanyspaces.
Inserting Fractions
You can also insert the
full-size fraction
template by pressing
COMMAND F.
9. Constructthefractionbyusingthefullsize template,whichisavailable
intheSmallBarandinthe
palette.Becarefulitsnotthesame
templateasthe fractiontemplatethatweusedinTutorial1.
10. Theinsertionpointwillbelocatedinthenewlycreatednumeratorslot;type
thenumber1intothisslot.
11. Movetheinsertionpointdownintothedenominatorsloteitherbyclicking
initorbypressingtheTABkey.Thentypeinthedenominator,n,andpressthe
TABkeyagaintomovetheinsertionpointoutofthedenominatorslot.Your
equationshouldnowlooklikethis:
12. Nextweneedtoinsertapairofbraces(curlybrackets).Youcandothis
eitherbyclickingonthe iconinthepalette,orbyusingtheCOMMAND{
keyboardshortcut.Rememberthat{isashiftedcharacteronstandard
keyboards,soyoullactuallyneedtoholddowntheCOMMANDandSHIFTkeys
whilepressingthekeythatbearsthe[and{characters.
13. Clickonthe
icontoenterasummationtemplateinsidethebraces.This
palette,andalsointheSmallBar.Noticehow
templateislocatedinthe
thebracesexpandautomatically.Yourequationshouldnowlooklikethis:
14. TypetheletterXintothesummandslot(thelargeslotontheright).
15. AttachasubscriptandsuperscripttotheX,usingthe
subscriptandsuperscriptslotswithiand2,respectively.
Spacing
Chapter 7 includes a
discussion of
MathTypes spacing
rules and how you can
customize them.
template.Fillinthe
16. Movetheinsertionpointintothelowerlimitslotofthesummationtemplate
(byclickinginsidetheslot,orusingtheTABkey),andtypei=1.Asusual,donot
typeanyspaces.MathTypewillautomaticallyreducethesizeofthetext,and
willcenteritbelowthesummationsign.Inthiscase,MathTypewillnotinsert
anyspacesaroundthe=sign,sinceitisinthelimitofasummation.Again,thisis
astandardtypesettingconventionthatyoucanoverrideifyouwantto.
17. Movetheinsertionpointintotheupperlimitslotofthesummation
template,andtypeintheupperlimit,n.
27
Iftheinsertionpointisintheupperlimitslotofthesummationtemplate,
pressingtheTABkeywilldothetrick.Infact,aswesawinTutorial1,ifyoukeep
pressingtheTABkey,theinsertionpointwillcyclethroughalltheslotsinthe
equationandwilleventuallyreachthepositionshown,regardlessofwhereit
startedout.Ifyouwanttomovetheinsertionpointbyclicking,clicksomewhere
nearthepointindicatedbythearrowinthepictureabove.Youmightwantto
usetheShowNestingcommandontheViewmenutomakethiseasier.
19. TypenX.
20. PlaceanoverbarontheXbyclickingonthe iconinthe
palette.In
MathType,embellishmentsofthistypearealwaysaddedtothecharactertothe
leftoftheinsertionpoint.Youcanevenaddseveralembellishmentstothesame
character.Formoredetails,lookforEmbellishmentsinMathTypesonlinehelp.
21. Enterthesuperscript2byusingthe template.Itworksjustthesameway
asthe templatethatweusedearlier.Theequationisnowcomplete(well,
maybeitisseethenextstepbelow).
22. WehopeyourehappywiththewayMathTypeformatsyourequation,but
ifyourenot,weveprovidedawayforyoutomakesomefineadjustmentsof
yourown.Youcanselectanyitemorgroupofitems,intheusualway,and
nudgethemeitherhorizontallyorverticallyinstepsofonepixel(screendot).If
youviewyourequationat800%scaleyoucanmakeadjustmentsassmallasan
eighthofapoint.
Tonudgeitems,usethefollowingkeystrokes:
Selecting an
Embellishment
You can select an
embellishment by
holding down the
OPTION key and then
clicking on the
embellishment.
28
COMMAND
COMMAND
COMMAND
COMMAND
nudgestheselecteditemstotheleftbyonepixel
nudgestheselecteditemsupwardbyonepixel
nudgestheselecteditemstotherightbyonepixel
nudgestheselecteditemsdownwardbyonepixel
Youmightwanttotrymovingasubscriptorasuperscript,movingthelimitsof
thesummation,orevenmovingthebarembellishment.
Keepinmind,however,thatnudgingisreallyintendedformakingsmall
adjustmentsthatcannotbeachievedotherwise.Thepreferredmethodfor
adjustingspacingisusingtheDefineSpacingdialog,describedinChapter7.
Thisapproachhastheadvantagethatthespacingrulesyoudefineaffectall
equations.
Chapter 4: Tutorials
23. ClosetheMathTypewindow,whichwillinserttheequationintoyourWord
document.Savethedocument,becauseweregoingtouseitinthenexttutorial.
sX =
1 n 2
2
X i nX
n 1 i =1
Thestepsrequiredareasfollows:
1. OpentheWorddocumentcontainingtheequationyoucreatedinTutorial2
above.WewanttobringthisequationbackintoMathTypeforediting.Thereare
severalwaystodothis,asexplainedinChapter5,butthesimplestistodouble
clickonit.Thiswillopentheequationforediting,inanewMathTypewindow.
2. Selectthetermonthelefthandsideoftheequationbydraggingthearrow
pointeracrossitwhileholdingdownthemousebutton.Theselecteditemswill
behighlightedintheusualmanner.Itshouldlooksomethinglikethis:
3. DeletetheselecteditemsbyusingtheClearcommandontheEditmenu,or
bypressingtheDELETEkeyortheDELkey.
4. Theinsertionpointisinthecorrectplace,immediatelytotheleftofthe=
sign,soyoucannowenterthenewlefthandside.Typeinthelettersandattach
theXsubscripttoitbyusingthe template,intheusualway.
29
MathType 3 Users
MathType 3 required
you to hold down the
COMMAND key to wrap a
template around the
selection. This is no
longer necessary.
6. Youmightbewonderinghowyouwoulddothereverseoftheoperationwe
performedinstep5supposeyouhadanexpressionenclosedinasquareroot
sign(orsomeothertemplate)andyouwantedtoremovethesquarerootsignbut
keeptheexpression.Todothis,youfirstselecttheexpressionunderthesquare
rootsignandchooseCuttotransferittotheClipboard.Next,selectthe(now
empty)squarerootsign,andpressDELETEorDELtoremoveit.Finally,choose
PastetobringtheexpressionbackfromtheClipboard.
7. Finally,wehavetochangetheninthedenominatorofthefractionton1.
Positiontheinsertionpointinthedenominatorslot,totherightofthen,by
clickingnearthepointindicatedbythearrowpointerinthepicturebelow:
Then,simplytype1tochangethedenominator.
Color
You can customize the
Color menu using the
Edit Color Menu
command in the Color
submenu.
30
8. Letsnowsupposewewanttochangethecoloroftheterm sX fromblackto
red.Selectthetermusingthemouse,andthenchoosetheColorcommandonthe
Formatmenu.Asubmenuappearscontainingalistofcolors.ChooseRedand
releasethemouse.Theselectedtermwillbecomered.
9. Werefinishededitingtheequation,soclosetheMathTypewindow.Ifa
dialogappearsaskingifyouwanttosaveyourchanges,clickSave.Oncethe
MathTypewindowhasclosed,yourwordprocessorwillbecomeactiveand
youllseethatyourdocumentnowcontainsthemodifiedequation.
Chapter 4: Tutorials
Prob( A | B) =
Prob( A B)
Probability that both A and B occur
=
Prob( B)
Probability that B occurs
1. First,openanewMathTypewindowusingoneofthemethodsyouve
alreadylearned.ThentypeProb(A|B).Theresultwillbe
Controlling Italics
To assign regular (nonitalic) style to function
names, use Function on
the Style menu, rather
than just removing the
italics.
Usingitsbuiltintableoffunctionnames,MathTypehasrecognizedPrasan
abbreviationforprobabilityandsetitintheFunctionstyle,whileoandbare
regardedasvariables.InthistutorialwewanttouseProb,ratherthanjustPr,as
ourabbreviationforprobability.Youmightthinkthatyoucanfixtheproblem
byjustmakingtheoandbnonitalic,butwedontrecommendthis.Ifyou
simplyremovetheitalicization,MathTypewillstillregardoandbasvariables,
whichisnotwhatweintend.TherightapproachistoselectProbandchoose
FunctionfromtheStylemenu.Thiswillremovetheitalics,butitalsotells
MathTypethatProbisthenameofafunction,whichwillaffectspacingand
translationintolanguagessuchas LATEXandMathML.
2. Createthefractioninthemiddletermoftheequation.Youcancopyand
pasteProb(A|B),andmodifyitforreuseinthenumeratoranddenominator.
palette.Yourequation
Youcanfind,thesetintersectionsymbol,onthe
shouldnowlooklike
3. Constructthefractionontherighthandsideoftheequationbyusingthe
templateagain.Theinsertionpointwillbepositionedinthenumerator,readyto
typethetext.
Typing Text
Before typing normal
words and phrases,
choose Text from the
Style menu.
4. IfyoujuststarttypingcharactersintothenumeratorslotMathTypewill
assumethattheyarevariables,sotheywillbeitalicized,andanyspacesyoutype
willbeignored.Totypeordinarywordsandphrases,youshouldfirstchoose
TextfromtheStylemenu.ThentypeProbabilitythatbothAandBoccur.The
numeratorofourfractionwilllooklikethis:
Thisiswhatwewant,exceptthatthewordbothshouldbebold,andtheAand
Bshouldbeitalic.
31
IfyouusetheabbreviationProbforprobabilityonaregularbasis,youllget
tiredofmanuallychangingittoFunctionstyleallthetime,andyoullwant
MathTypetodothisforyouautomatically.FromthePreferencesmenu,choose
FunctionsRecognized.TypeProbasthenameofanewfunction,andclickonthe
Addbutton.Also,ifyoudontwantMathTypetorecognizePrasan
abbreviationforprobability,youcanselectPrinthelistofrecognized
functionsandclickontheRemovebutton.
Nowtryrecreatingthissameequation,toseehowmucheasieritis.
1
k
{ X
2 =
XY
r =
=
XY
2
i
k2 =
1
1
2
X i
k
k
( X )
2
X Y k ( X )( Y )
1
i i
2
X i
k
( X )
i
2
Yi
k
Yi
Manystatisticalformulaeusethesymbolsand,andtheyofteninvolve
variouscombinationsoftermslike X i , X i2 , 1k . Whendealingwithrepetitive
formulaeliketheseyoucansaveyourselfagreatdealoftimebycustomizing
MathType.Tosavetimecreatingstatisticalformulae,weregoingtoplacein
theSmallBar.Wellalsomakeexpressionsfor X i and 1k ,andplacetheminthe
tabbedbars.Thenwellusethemtocreatethesecondoftheequationsshown
above.Thestepsareasfollows:
32
Chapter 4: Tutorials
Toolbar Icon Sizes
Using the Workspace
Preferences command
on the Preferences
menu you can alter the
size of the toolbar icons.
1. Beforewestart,makesurethatMathTypestoolbarisvisibleandthatthe
SmallBarandtheSmallandLargeTabbedBarsarevisible.Usethecommandsin
theViewmenutomakethemvisibleifnecessary.
2. Clickonthe
palettewillappear.
symbolpalette,andthenreleasethemousebutton.The
3. NowholddowntheCOMMANDkey,pressontheand,keepingthemouse
buttondown,dragitovertheSmallBar.Youllseethemousepointerchange
shapeasitpassesoverdifferentareasofthetoolbar.Whenthepointerlookslike
,thedraggeditemcannotbedroppedatthislocationandreleasingthe
this
mousebuttonwillhavenoeffect.Whenthepointerlookssomethinglikethis
itisoveravalidtargetareaandreleasingthemousebuttonwillinserttheobject
atthislocation.ReleasethemousebuttonovertheSmallBar,asshownbelow.
Adding New Symbols
You can add any
symbol from any font on
your computer to the
toolbar. Enter it into the
equation area, select it,
and drag it to the
toolbar. Use the Insert
Symbol dialog (on the
Edit menu see
Tutorial 13 for details) to
locate the symbol, hold
down the COMMAND key
and drag the symbol to
the toolbar. As a result,
MathType has access to
a virtually limitless
supply of symbols.
Thesymbolwillbeaddedtotheendofthebar.Now,toinsertthissymbolinto
anequationyouonlyneedclickonitintheSmallBarinsteadofhuntingforitin
thepalettes.TheSmallBarisagoodlocationforfrequentlyusedsymbolsasitis
alwaysavailableandcancontainmanyitems.
4. Next,weregoingtoadda X i expressiontotheLargeTabbedBar.The
tabbedbarsaresimilartotheSmallBarinhowtheyoperate,howevertheyre
dividedintocategories,whichallowsforamuchlargernumberofitems.Click
ontheStatisticstabtodisplayMathTypesdefaultitemsforstatisticalequations.
ThereshouldberoomforonemoreitemintheLargeTabbedBar(thebarhas
roomfor8items).Ifthereisnt,selectanothertabthatdoeshaveroom.
5. DeletethecurrentcontentsoftheMathTypewindow,andcreatethe
expression X i intheusualway.Youllneedtousethe template(notthe
template)todothis.
33
7. Toaddthisexpressiontothetoolbar,selectitanddragittotheLarge
TabbedBar.Whenyoureleasethemouseyoullseetheexpressionappearinthe
bar.
8. Createanexpressionfor 1k ,inexactlythesameway.Placethisexpressionin
theSmallTabbedBar.Youcanmakethefractionfullsize,usingthe template,
oryoucanmakeacasefractionusingthe template.Whenyouredone,were
readytocreatetheformula
r=
XY
=
XY
X Y 1k ( X )( Y )
i i
1
X k
2
i
( X )
i
1
2
Yi k
Yi
9. Creatingthisformuladoesntrequireanynewtechniquesthatyoudont
alreadyknow,sowerenotgoingtogiveyoutheusualstepbystepinstructions.
Hereareafewusefulhintsandreminders:
Youcaninsert byclickingonitintheSmallBar,whichismuchfasterthan
usingthe
palette.
Youcaninserttheterm X i byclickingonitintheLargeTabbedBar.
Afastwaytocreate Yi istoinsert X i , dragacrosstheXtoselectit,and
typeYtoreplaceit.
Youcancreate X i2 byinserting X i andreplacingthesubscripttemplate
withasub/superscripttemplate.Todothis,selectthesubscriptslotasshown
below,andholddowntheOPTIONkeyasyouinsertthe template.The
OPTIONkeycausesthenewtemplatetoreplacetheselectedoneinsteadof
wrappingaroundit.Thentype2inthesuperscriptslot.
Notethatthetwotermsinsidecurlybracketsonthebottomlineoftheformula
areidenticalexceptthatoneinvolvesXandtheotherinvolvesY.Tocreate
thesecondterm,justduplicatethefirstoneandreplacetheXswithYs.
Youcanduplicateatermbyselectingit,holdingdowntheOPTIONkeyand
draggingittothedesiredlocation(withouttheOPTIONkeythetermismoved).
34
Chapter 4: Tutorials
Tomoveasymbolorexpressionwithinthetoolbar,holddowntheCOMMAND
keyanddragtheitemtoitsnewlocation.Youcaninsertanitembetweentwo
othersbydroppingitbetweenthem.
10. TrythisbydraggingthesymbolweaddedtotheSmallBarinStep3tothe
SmallTabbedBar.Thechoiceofwheretoplaceanitemisentirelyuptoyou;a
symbolorexpressioncanbeplacedinanyofthebars.
NowletsdeletethefromtheSmallTabbedBar.
Deleting Toolbar Items
Another way to delete
an item is to Commanddrag it from the bar and
release the mouse over
the Trash icon.
11. CONTROLCLICK(rightclick)ontheandselectDeletefromthecontext
menuthatappears.Youmayalsowanttodeletetheotherexpressionsyou
addedtothetabbedbars.
Youcanalsochangethenamesofthetabstosuityourparticularsituation.
12. DoubleclickontheStatisticstabtoopentheTabPropertiesdialog,where
youcaneditthetabsnameandchangeitskeyboardshortcut.
Ifyouprefertypingtousingthemouse,youmaywanttousethetoolbars
keyboardinterface.Youcangivethekeyboardfocustoatoolbarcomponent
usingthefollowingkeyboardcommands:
SymbolPalette
COMMANDF5
TemplatePalette
COMMANDF6
SmallBar
COMMANDF7
LargeTabbedBar
COMMANDF8
SmallTabbedBar
COMMANDF9
Onceabarhasthefocus,youcanusetheleftandrightarrowstomovethe
selection,andRETURNtoinserttheselecteditem(oropenitscorresponding
menu).TheESCkeyclosesamenu,orreturnsthefocustotheequationarea.You
canswitchtabsbytypingCOMMANDF10,nwherenisthenumberofthetabto
activate.Forexample,typingCOMMANDF10,2activatesthesecondtab.
Somesymbolsandtemplatesareusedsofrequentlythatyoumaynotneedto
placetheminthetoolbar.Youprobablywillhavememorizedthekeyboard
shortcutsforinsertingthem,sotheresnotmuchtobegainedbyhavingthem
occupyvaluablespaceinthetoolbar.Greeksymbolsinparticularfallintothis
category;onceyouvelearnedthatyoucaninsertabypressingCOMMANDG
followedbyb(referredtoasCOMMANDG,B),youprobablywontneedtoadd
thesecharacterstothetoolbar.
35
Itmaymakesense,however,toaddcharactersfromanyspecialfontsyoumay
havetothetoolbar.TheeasiestmethodistousetheInsertSymboldialog(choose
theInsertSymbolcommandontheEditmenu),whichisanextremelypowerful
toolforviewingthecharactersinafont.YoucanalsoCOMMANDdragcharacters
fromthisdialogtothetoolbar.Youcanaddasmanycharactersfromyourfonts
tothetoolbarascanfit.Thenyoucanenterthesecharactersatanytimeintoyour
equations,regardlessofyourcurrentstyledefinitions.
ThatdoesitforTutorial5,sochooseSelectAll(COMMANDA)fromtheEdit
menuandpressDELETEorDELtoclearthewindowforthenexttutorial.
Notethattheseequationsarearrangedsothattheirsignsareverticallyaligned,
andtheybothcontainalimsupconstructionofatypethatwehavenotused
before.Youcancreatetheseequationsasfollows:
Expanding Integrals
Integral signs are
normally a constant
size. You can create an
expanding integral by
holding down the SHIFT
key while you choose an
integral template from
the integrals palette.
1. Insertadefiniteintegraltemplatebyclickingonthe iconorbypressing
COMMANDI,typeintheintegrand(thelargeslot),andfillinthe0and1asthe
limitsofintegration(thetwosmallslots).Youprobablywontwantthe
parenthesesintheintegrandtobeoftheexpandingvariety,soyoucanjust
typethemfromthekeyboard,ratherthanusingthe template.Yourequation
shouldnowlooklikethis:
36
Chapter 4: Tutorials
Parentheses Template
You may prefer to use
the template instead of
typing ( and ). Using the
template can give your
document a more
consistent look. The
template also includes
more space around it,
so you may not need to
add the thin space as
shown here. Were
trying to teach you the
different ways to create
equations; obviously the
final choice is up to you!
2. Toimprovetheappearanceofourequation,weshouldinsertathinspace
(onesixthofanem)inbetweenthea(x)andthedxintheintegrand.MathType
cannotdothisautomatically,soweprovideyouwithaconvenientwayof
manuallyenteringaspaceofthecorrectsize.The
paletteprovidesasetof
fiveiconsrepresentingcommonlyusedspaces,asshowninthefollowingtable.
Icon
Keystroke
SHIFTSPACE
CONTROLOPTIONSPACE
CONTROLSPACE
CONTROLSHIFTSPACE
None
Alt. Keystroke
COMMANDK,0
COMMANDK,1
COMMANDK,2
COMMANDK,3
COMMANDK,4
Description
Zerospace
Onepointspace
Thinspace(sixthofanem)
Thickspace(thirdofanem)
Emspace(quad)
Note:EarlierversionsofMathTypeusedtheCOMMANDkeyforthesespace
shortcuts,buttheseshortcutshavebeenreservedbyAppleforotheruses.Weve
changedtouseCONTROL,whichisconsistentwithMathTypeforWindows.
Placetheinsertionpointbetweenthe)andthedbyclickingthere,andinsert
athinspaceeitherbychoosingthe icon(itsontherightinthetoprowofthe
palette)orbypressingCONTROLSPACE.
Show Nesting
The Show Nesting
command on the View
menu shows the
different slots and can
help you avoid making
mistakes.
3. Movetheinsertionpointoutoftheintegrandslot,intothepositionshown
below.Youmustdothisforthealignmentcommandstoworkproperly.Dont
createtherestoftheequationwithintheintegrandslot.
4. ClickonthesignintheSmallBar.
5. Nowwewanttobuildthelimsupstructure.Webeginbyclickingonthe
palette.Thisiconrepresentstheunderscripttemplate:any
iconinthe
charactersenteredintheupperslotwillbefullsize,andthoseinthelowerslot
willbereducedtosubscriptsize.
6. Theinsertionpointispositionedintheupperslot,soyoucantypein
limsup.MathTypewilluseyourFunctionstyle(probablyaplainstyle)for
thesecharacters,andwillinsertathinspacebetweenthelimandthesup.
7. Movetheinsertionpointdownintothelowerslotbyclickinginitorby
pressingtheTABkey,andentern.Theandsymbolsareverycommon
inmathematics,sotheyvebeenaddedtoMathTypesdefaultSmallBar.Theyre
alsoavailableintheSymbolPalettes,ofcourse.Followingtypesetting
conventions(asalways),MathTypewillnotcreateanyspacingaroundthe
symbol,sinceitisinasubscript,butyoucaninsertspaces,ifyouwantto.
37
8. PressTABtomovetheinsertionpointoutofthelowerslot,andtypeinthe
restofthisfirstequation.ThespeedywaytodothisistojusttypeCOMMANDGf
COMMANDLnTAB(a).IfyouliketheCOMMANDGshortcut,youmaybe
interestedtoknowthatthereareafewothersthatworkinasimilarfashion.If
youpressCOMMANDU,forexample,thenextcharacteryoutypewillbeassigned
theUser1stylethatyouhavedefinedwiththeDefinecommandontheStyle
menu.Inthisway,youcanaccessanycharacterinanyfontwithjusttwo
keystrokes,evenifitsnotpresentintheSymbolPalettes.
9. PresstheRETURNkey.Thiswillcreateanewlinedirectlybeneaththefirst
equation,sonowyouhaveapileconsistingoftwolines.Itshouldlooklike
this:
Selecting a Slot
You can double-click in
a slot to select its
contents, or type
COMMAND-SHIFT-S.
10. Tosavetime,weregoingtocreatethesecondequationbymodifyingacopy
ofthefirstone.Selecttheentirefirstequationbydoubleclickingsomewhere
nearitssign,copyittotheclipboard,andthenpasteitintothenewemptyslot.
Youshouldnowhavetwoidenticalcopiesofthefirstequation,onedirectly
beneaththeother.Nowjusteditthelowercopytoproducethesecondequation.
Tochangethetoa, justselectthe andpressCOMMANDGfollowedbyy.
11. Finally,weregoingtoexperimentwithsomedifferentwaysofaligningthe
twoequations.YoucancenterorrightjustifythembyusingtheAlignCenter
andAlignRightcommandsontheFormatmenu.Givethisatry,justtoseehow
itlooks.
12. Infact,youwillprobablywanttoalignthesetwoequationssothattheir
signsaredirectlyaboveoneanother.Todothis,wechoosetheAlignat=
commandfromtheFormatmenu.Itwillworkeventhoughwehavesigns
ratherthan=signs.Youcanaligntheequationsinotherwaysbyusing
alignmentsymbols.Yousimplyinsertanalignmentsymbolineachequationat
thetwopointsthatyoudliketohavealigned.(However,notethatalignment
symbolsinsertedintotemplateslotswillnotwork.)Placinganalignmentsymbol
totherightofeachofthetwosignswouldgivethesameresultsasusingthe
Alignat=command,forinstance.Thealignmentsymbolisrepresentedbythe
iconintheSymbolPalettesitslocatedinthe
palette.
13. Youmayalsowanttoadjustthelinespacing,orleading(pronounced
ledding),i.e.theamountofverticalspacebetweenthetwoequations.Youcan
38
Chapter 4: Tutorials
dothisbyplacingtheinsertionpointsomewhereintheoutermostslotofthe
secondequation(notwithinatemplate),orbyselectingthesecondequation,and
choosingtheLineSpacingcommandfromtheFormatmenu.Whenyouve
arrangedthemtoyourliking,theequationsarecomplete.
Nowthatweredonewiththeseequations,itstimetochooseSelectAllfromthe
EditmenuandpressDELETEtoclearyourwindowforthenexttutorial.
p( ) = det( I A ) =
a11
a12
a21
a22
Thematrixisafairlysimpleone,andwellbeabletocreateitveryeasilyby
usingamatrixtemplate.Ifyouneedmoreflexibleformattingcapabilitiesfor
matricesandtabularlayouts,youshouldusetabs,asillustratedinTutorial11.
1. Typethefirstfewtermsoftheequation,uptothesecondequalssign.
MathTypewillrecognizethatdetisanabbreviationforthedeterminant
function,andwillautomaticallysetitinplainromantype,soyoudonthaveto
fiddlewithit.ThequickwaytogetaistopressCOMMANDGfollowedbya
letterl(ell).Also,notethattheIandtheArepresentmatrices,sowehave
assignedthemtheVectorMatrixstyle,whichcausesthemtoappearinbold
type.TheCOMMANDBshortcutwillassigntheVectorMatrixstyletothenext
character,soyoucanpressCOMMANDBfollowedbyItogettheI,and
COMMANDBfollowedbyAfortheA.Alternatively,youcanjusttypeallthe
charactersfirst,andthenselectthemandchangetheirstylesusingthe
commandsontheStylemenu.Eitherway,yourequationshouldnowlooklike
this:
2. Typethesecond=signandinsertaverticalbartemplatebychoosingthe
icon.Itslocatedinthe
palette.
3. Inserta22matrixtemplateinsidetheverticalbarsbychoosingthe icon
fromthe
palette(orbytypingCONTROLM,2).Yourequationshouldnow
looklikethis:
39
5. Weregoingtocreatetheotherentriesinthematrixbycuttingandpasting.
Selectthea11bydoubleclickingonit,copyittotheClipboard,andpasteit
intotheotherthreeslotsinthematrix.Theresultshouldbeasshownbelow;its
notright,ofcourse,butweregoingtofixitupinafewmoments.
6. Next,weregoingtoputalittleextraspacebetweentheverticalbarsandthe
elementsofthematrix.Thisispurelyamatteroftaste,soyoucanskipthispartif
youdprefertokeepyourmatrixlookingthewayitdoesatpresent.Beforewe
enterthespaces,weneedtopositiontheinsertionpointsothatitsinsidethe
verticalbarsbuttotheleftofandoutsidethematrix.Youcandothisbyclicking
somewherenearthepositionindicatedbythearrowpointerinthepreceding
picture.ThenjustenteroneortwothinspacesbypressingCONTROLSPACE.Do
thesameontherighthandsideofthematrix.IfyouchoosetheShowAll
commandfromtheViewmenu,youllbeabletoseeyourspaces.Theyshould
looklikethis:
7. AfterthebriefdigressioninStep6,itsnowtimetocorrecttheentriesinour
matrix.First,deletethefromtheupperrightslot.Thequickestwaytodothisis
toplacetheinsertionpointtotherightofitandpressDELETE.Dothesamewith
theinthelowerleftslot.NoticethatMathTypeadjuststhespacingafterthe
minussignstoreflectthefactthattheyarenowunaryoperatorsratherthan
binaryoperators(negationratherthansubtraction).
8. Changeallthesubscriptsinthematrixtotheirdesiredvalues.The11in
theupperleftslotiscorrectalready,butweshouldhave12intheupperright
slot,21inthelowerleft,and22inthelowerright.Youcandoubleclickon
theexistingsubscriptstoselectthem,andthentypethecorrectvaluesoverthem,
justasyouwouldinawordprocessor.Yourequationshouldnowlooklikethis:
40
Chapter 4: Tutorials
Modifying a Matrix
The Matrix submenu on
the Format menu
contains commands for
adding and deleting
rows and columns.
9. Theequationisnowessentiallycomplete,althoughthereareafewmore
formattingoptionsthatyoumaywanttotryout.First,youmightwanttoshift
theentirematrixdownsothatitstoprowisalignedwiththerestoftheequation.
Todothis,placetheinsertionpointinanycellinthematrixandchooseAlignat
TopfromtheFormatmenu.Also,itmightbenicetorightjustifytheentriesin
eachcolumn.Todothis,placetheinsertionpointinanycellinthematrix,
choosetheChangeMatrixcommandfromtheMatrixsubmenuontheFormat
menu,andclickonthebuttonlabeledRightinthedialogbox.
Finally,ifyouobjecttothefactthatMathTypetightenedthespacingafterthe
unaryminussigns,youcanputthespacesbackinagain,thoughthiswould
meandeviatingfromstandardtypesettingconventions.Theyshouldbethick
spaces(onethirdofanem).Thethickspaceisthemiddleoneinthesecondrow
ofthe
palette.Ifyouprefertousethekeyboard,youcaninsertathick
spacebypressingCONTROLSHIFTSPACE.Alternatively,sinceathickspaceisthe
samewidthastwothinspaces,youcangetthesameresultsbypressing
CONTROLSPACEtwice.
Ifyouelectedtomakeallofthemodificationssuggestedinthisstep,your
equationshouldlooksomethinglikethepicturebelow.
Ifyouregoingontothenexttutorial,pressCOMMANDAtoselecttheentire
equation,thenpressDELETEorDELtoclearyourscreen.
u = exp { 12 ( x + y )}
andexperimentwithchangingthelookoftheequationbyusingdifferentstyle
definitions.
1. CheckthattheStatusBarsStylepaneldisplaysMath.Ifitdoesnt,choose
MathfromtheStylemenu.IftheMathstyleisnotchosen,MathTypesautomatic
styleassignmentwillnotbeineffect,andtherestofthistutorialwillnotmake
muchsense.
41
Define Styles
You can also open this
dialog by double-clicking
in the Style panel of the
Status Bar.
3. FromtheStylemenu,chooseDefine.Ifnecessary,clicktheSimpleradio
buttontodisplaythedialogshownbelow.
ChangethePrimaryfonttoEuclid,changetheGreekandmathfontsto
EuclidSymbolandEuclidExtra,asshowninthedialogabove,andthenclick
Apply.Onscreen,yourequationwillnowlooklikethis:
andifprintedwilllooklikethis:
u = exp { 21 (x + y )}
TheEuclidfontssuppliedwithMathTypearebasedontheComputerModern
fontstypicallyusedwithTEX,sotheygiveyourdocumentsaTEXlike
appearancethatyoumightpreferforsometypesofwork.Anotherbenefitofthe
EuclidfontsisthattheirregularandGreekcharactershaveaconsistentsize,
whereasTimesandSymbolaresomewhatmismatched.Ofcourse,ifyouusethe
Euclidfontsinyourequations,youwillprobablywanttouseEuclidasthe
primarybodyfontinyourwordprocessingdocument,too.
4. IntheDefineStylesdialog(whichshouldstillbeopenfromstep3),click
ResettoreturntousingtheTimesandSymbolfonts.
5. ClickontheAdvancedbuttontodisplayamoreextensiveformofthe
DefineStylesdialog.Thisisshownbelow:
42
Chapter 4: Tutorials
Tip
The changes you make
in this dialog apply to
the current equation.
Check Use for new
equations to use the
settings for new
equations as well.
Thenamesoftheelevenstylesarelistedinthedialogbox,togetherwiththefont
andcharacterstyleassignedtoeach.Theequationyouhavejustcreatedusesthe
Function,Variable,L.C.Greek,Number,andSymbolstyles.Thelettersexpare
recognizedastheabbreviationfortheexponentialfunction,andareassignedthe
Functionstyle;u,x,andyaretreatedasvariablesandassignedtheVariable
style;and,beinglowercaseGreekletters,areassignedtheL.C.(lowercase)
Greekstyle,andthenumbersinthefractionusetheNumberstyle.Thesymbols
=()+usetheSymbolstyle.(Theanglebracketsandfractionbarareinternalto
MathTypeanddonotuseastyle.)Thesestylesareappliedautomaticallyasyou
createtheequation,becauseyouareusingtheMathstylemode.Thisautomatic
styleassignmentistheadvantageyougainbyusingtheMathstylemodewhen
creatingequations.
Weregoingtochangesomeofthestylessoyouunderstandhowtheyaffectan
equationsappearance.Normallyyouwouldntworkthisway;youdchange
fontsusingtheSimpleversionofthisdialog.
6. ChooseanewfontfortheFunctionstyle.Thestyleisprobablydefinedas
Times.PressonthearrownexttothefontnameintheFunctionrowandchoose
adifferentfont.Youwillwanttochooseafontthatlooksnoticeablydifferent
fromTimes,sothattheeffectofthechangewillbeobvious.Agoodchoice
wouldbeasansseriffontsuchasHelvetica.
43
Thefunctionabbreviation,exp,isdisplayedusingthenewfont.Ofcourse,you
probablywouldntwantyourequationtolooklikethisweresimply
demonstratingtheeffectofchangingtheFunctionstyledefinition.
TheVariablestyledefinitionisusedforallordinaryalphabeticcharactersexcept
fortheonesinfunctionabbreviations.Inthecurrentequation,thisincludesu,x,
andy.Veryoften,accordingtoconvention,theonlydifferenceyouwant
betweentheVariableandFunctionstylesisfortheVariablestyletobedefinedas
italic.LetsredefinetheVariablestylesothatitsconsistentwiththenew
Functionstyledefinition.
8. Again,chooseDefinefromtheStylemenu.IntheDefineStylesdialogbox,
pressonthearrownexttofontnameintheVariablerow,andchoosethesame
fontassignedtotheFunctionstyle.Checkthattheitaliccharacterstyleischecked
forVariable,butnotforFunction.
LetsalsochangetheNumberstylesothatitusesthesamefontasFunctionand
Variable.Youwillfindthatthismakestheequationlookbetter.Finally,turnoff
theitaliccharacterstylefortheL.C.Greekstylebyremovingthecheckinthe
CharacterStylecolumn.LowercaseGreeklettersareusuallyitalicized,butlets
experimentwiththis.NotethatforthetwoGreekstylesandtheSymbolstyle
youcanonlyassignfontswiththesameencoding(arrangementofcharacters)as
theSymbolfont.ThistypicallyrestrictsyourchoicetoSymbol,EuclidSymbol,
orsomeothersimilarsymbolicfont.
9. ChoosetheOKbutton.Yourequationwillberedisplayedusingthenew
styledefinitions.Ifyouareusingthefontsweverecommended,theequation
shouldnowlooklikethis:
1
2
Thevariablesu,x,andy,andthenumbersinthefraction nowusethenew
fontdefinitions,andthelowercaseGreeklettersandarenolongeritalicized.
Youmaywanttousestyledefinitionssuchastheseforequationsinadocument
inwhichthetextiswritteninHelveticaorGaramond.Whenprinted,the
equationwilllooklikethis:
u = exp { 21 ( x + y )}
Toresetthestyledefinitions,opentheDefineStylesdialogandclickReset.
44
Chapter 4: Tutorials
Tip
You can also CONTROLCLICK in the Style panel
of the Status Bar to
open the Style menu.
Whileworkingthroughthistutorial,youhaveprobablynoticedthateachofthe
stylesisalsolistedasacommandontheStylemenu.Thisallowsyouto
explicitlyassignaparticularstyletoselectedorsubsequentlytypedcharacters.
TheOthercommandontheStylemenucanbeusedtoassignanyfontavailable
onyourcomputertoselectedorsubsequentlytypedcharacters.Pleasesee
Chapter7forfurtherdetails.
(1.1)
(1.2)
(1.3)
(1.4)
However,weregoingtocreateitinaslightlyunrealisticsequence,inorderto
illustratethepowerandflexibilityofthenumberingcommands.
1. RunMicrosoftWordandcreateanewdocument.
2. Enterthefollowingtext:Wenowhavetwobasicequations:
3. Clickonthe buttononWordsMathTypetoolbar,orchoosetheInsert
RightNumberedDisplayEquationcommandontheMathTypemenu.
45
5. IntheMathTypewindowthatopens,enterthefollowingequation:
cos 2 + sin2 = 1
thenclosetheMathTypewindow.InyourWorddocument,noticethatthe
equationiscenteredandtheequationnumberisalignedwiththerightmargin.
6. Repeatstep3andinsertthefollowingequationintoyourWorddocument:
7. Enterthefollowingtext,followedbyaspacecharacter,atthestartofthe
nextline:Subtracting
Equation References
You can jump to an
equation in your
document quickly by
double-clicking on any
of its references. Then
press SHIFT+F5 to jump
back to the reference.
In large documents try
splitting your window
into two panes (search
for split in Words Help).
Insert the references in
one pane and scroll and
double-click on the
equation numbers in the
other.
You can place
equation number
references in footnotes
and endnotes.
8. Nowinsertareferencetotheseconddisplayequation.Clickthe button
ontheMathTypetoolbarorchoosetheInsertEquationReferencecommandon
theMathTypemenu.TheInsertEquationReferencedialogwillappear,
displayingbriefinstructionsaboutinsertinganequationnumberreference.Once
youarefamiliarwiththeprocessyoucanclickintheDontshowmethisagain
checkbox.Fornow,clickOK,thendoubleclickontheequationnumber(1.2).
Youllseethatthenumber(1.2)isinsertedintoyoursentence.
9. Typefromandthenenterareferencetoequation(1.1)usingthemethod
describedinstep8.Youmaywanttoenteraspacebeforeandafterthereference.
10. Thentypegivesandinsertthefollowingnumbereddisplayequation:
sin2 = 12 (1 cos 2)
11. Atthestartofthefollowingline,typeUsingandinsertareferenceto
equation(1.3).Completethelinebytypingwecanshowthat
12. Clickthe
buttononWordsMathTypetoolbar,orchoosetheInsertInline
EquationcommandontheMathTypemenu,andinsertthefollowingequation:
cos 2 = 1 2 sin2 .
Noticehowthisequationisinsertedinthelineoftext(hencethenameinline
equation).Wordalsoalignstheequationwiththebaselineofthetext.Your
documentshouldnowlooklikethis:
46
Chapter 4: Tutorials
We now have two basic equations:
cos 2 + sin2 = 1
(1.1)
(1.2)
(1.3)
13. PlacetheinsertionpointbeforethewordSubtracting,andenterthe
followingtext:Addingthesetwotogether,weobtain
Equation Numbers
You can insert just an
equation number using
the Insert Equation
Number command.
If Updating Is Slow
If updating takes too
long, uncheck Update
equation numbers
automatically in the
Format Equation
Numbers dialog. Then
use the Update
Equation Numbers
command to manually
update the numbers.
14. Insertthisrightnumbereddisplayequation:
cos 2 = 12 (1 + cos 2)
Youllseethatthenewequationisnumbered(1.3),andthefollowingequation
numberanditsreferencehavebeenrenumberedto(1.4).Yourdocumentshould
nowlookliketheexampleatthestartofthistutorial.
Wheneveryouinsertanequationnumberoranequationreference,allnumbers
inthedocumentareupdated.However,ifyoumoveordeleteanequation
number,youmustusetheUpdateEquationNumberscommandonthe
MathTypemenutoregeneratethenumbersequence.Also,beawarethat
deletinganequationnumberdoesnotautomaticallydeleteanyofitsreferences;
youllhavetodothisyourself.YoucanfindthembyusingtheUpdateEquation
Numberscommand,whichwillcauseWordtodisplayanerrormessageinplace
ofeachreference.Youcanthendeletethem.
15. ChoosetheFormatEquationNumberscommandontheMathTypemenu
(theresnotoolbarbuttonforthiscommand).ChecktheWholeDocument
checkbox(tochangetheexistingnumbers)andchangetheEnclosureoptionto<>
(anglebrackets).Thepreviewshowsyoutheresultofyoursettings.ClickOK,
andyoullseetheequationnumbersandreferenceschangetothenewformat.
Youmaywanttoexperimentwithsomeofthesettingstherearemany
possiblecombinations.
47
Thedefaultequationnumberformatincludesasectionnumberandanequation
number,e.g.(1.1).Youcanalsoincludeachapternumberifneeded.Thechapter
andsectionnumbersaredeterminedbythenearestprecedingChapter/Section
Breakinyourdocument.Youinsertandmodifythesebreaksusingcommands
ontheMathTypemenu.Wealreadyinsertedoneatthestartofthisdocumentas
partofinsertingthefirstequationnumber.Nowwellchangeitsvalue.
Show Chapter/Section
Breaks
You can show and hide
chapter/section breaks
by clicking on the
Show/Hide ( ) button
in Words toolbar. This
shows and hides the
MTEquationSection
style, as well as other
hidden marks and
styles.
16. ChoosetheModifyChapter/SectionBreakcommandontheMathType
menu.ThelocationofthesectionbreakwillbehighlightedandtheModify
Chapter/SectionBreakdialogwillopen.LetsassumewereworkingonSection2
ofabook,sowewantthesectionnumbertobe2andtheequationnumbertobe
1.ChoosetheSectionnumber:buttonandenter2.TheNextoptioncanbe
usefulifyourdocumentcontainsseveralsectionsandyouwantthemnumbered
sequentially.(RememberthattheresnolinkbetweenWordssectionsand
MathTypeschapter/sectionbreaks;itsuptoyoutoassociatethembyplacing
thebreaksintheappropriateplacesinyourdocument).NowclickOK.The
chapter/sectionbreakwillbehidden,andtheequationnumbersinthedocument
willallstartwith2.
Ifyouvefollowedthesestepsyourdocumentshouldlooksomethinglikethis:
<2.1>
<2.2>
<2.3>
<2.4>
MathTypesequationnumberingcommandscansupportthreelevelsof
numbering,e.g.chapter,sectionandequationnumbers.Youcancontrolthe
formatofthenumbersandcreateyourowncustomformats.Thefollowing
tutorialshowsyouhowtodothis;wellusethedocumentwecreatedinthis
tutorialsodontdeleteit!
48
Chapter 4: Tutorials
1. Openthedocumentyoucreatedintheprevioustutorial.
2. OpentheFormatEquationNumbersdialogbychoosingtheFormat
EquationNumberscommandontheMathTypemenu.
3. Thesettingsshouldappearasshownabove.Thetopgroupofitemscontrols
thenumberformat.Wewanttoaddachapternumber,sochecktheChapter
Numbercheckbox.Noticehowthepreviewchangesto<1.1.1>).
49
5. ChoosetheModifyChapter/SectionBreakcommandontheMathTypemenu
andthefollowingdialogwillopen.Youllseethatthebreakitselfhasalsobeen
madevisibleintheWorddocument.
6. ChangetheChapternumbervalueto2andclickOK.Thenumbersinthe
documentshouldnowread<2.2.1>,<2.2.2>etc.
Nowletstrychangingtheformatofthenumbersmoredramatically.Wellset
theformatsothatthenumbersreadEquation2.2.1,Equation2.2.2etc.
7. ChoosetheFormatEquationNumberscommandontheMathTypemenu.
SelecttheAdvancedFormatradiobutton,andenterEquation#C1.#S1.#E1inthe
editbox.YoullseehowthePreviewchanges.
8. ChecktheWholedocumentcheckbox,andclickOK.Theequation
numbersinthedocumentshouldbeupdated.
Youcanexperimentwithdifferentcustomformatsinthismanner.The
languageusedfortheformatsisverysimple,allcharactersareusedliterally
exceptfortheconstructs#Cx,#Sxand#Ex,wherexindicatesthenumeric
representationandcanbeoneof1,a,A,iorI.
AfastwayoflearninghowtocontroltheformattingistoselecttheSimple
Formatbutton,andthenchangethevariousoptions.TheAdvancedFormattext
isstillvisible,anditupdateseverytimeyoumakeachangetothebuiltin
formats.FulldetailsareintheHelpforthisdialog.
50
Chapter 4: Tutorials
AlthoughWordandMathTypeallowyoutoselecttextandchangeitsfontand
sizedirectly,westronglyrecommendthatyoumakeuseofstyles,instead.Both
programsusethisapproachbecauseitmakesmodifyingthelookofadocument
orequationveryeasy.Yousimplychangethedefinitionofastyle(e.g.from
TimestoHelvetica,orfrom12ptplainto10ptitalic),andyourdocumentor
equationisimmediatelyreformattedwiththenewsettings.
Letsassumethatyourerequiredtoproduceadocumentwherethebodyfontis
10ptTimes.ThefirststepistodefineMathTypessettingstomatchtheWord
document.
1. InMathTypeopentheDefineStylesdialogandsetthemainfonttoTimes
usingtheSimplepane.MakesuretheUsefornewequationsboxischecked,
andclickOK.
Reset
Click Reset to restore
the sizes to their default
values.
Equation Preferences
The definitions of all the
styles, sizes, and
spacing used in an
equation are referred to
collectively as equation
preferences. See
Chapter 7 for more
details.
2. OpentheDefineSizesdialogandsettheFullsizeto10pt.Astheother
dimensionsarebydefaultexpressedaspercentagesofFullsize,MathTypewill
calculatethemtheappropriatevaluesforyou.Again,checktheUsefornew
equationscheckbox,andclickOK.
3. BackinWord,choosetheSetEquationPreferencescommandonthe
MathTypemenu.MakesuretheMathTypesNewEquationpreferences
optionisselected.Thismeansthatwheneveryoucreateanewequationusing
thecommandsontheMathTypemenuorMathTypetoolbar,thesettings
MathTypeiscurrentlysettousefornewequationsaretheonesthatwillbeused.
ClickOKtoclosethisdialog.
Note:youmaynotalwayswanttorelyonMathTypesNewEquation
preferences.Ifyoutendtoworkwithseveraldifferentcombinationsof
MathTypessizeandstyledefinitions,youmaywanttocreateaMathType
preferencefile,andthenchoosethisfileintheSetEquationPreferencesdialog.
ThiswillcopythefilesstyleandsizesettingsintoyourWorddocument,sothat
nomatterwhatchangesyoumaketoMathType,equationscreatedinthis
documentwillalwaysusethesepreferences.
51
5. ClickontheFormatbuttonagainandthistimechooseParagraph.Inthe
dialogsIndentsandSpacingpage,changetheLineSpacingoptiontoExactly,
andtype12ptintheaccompanyingtextbox.ThisforcesWordtousethisvalue
whenspacinglinesoftext,andpreventsWordapplyingextraspacingaround
linesthatcontaininlineequations.ClickOKtoclosethedialog.
6. ClickOKtoclosetheNewStyledialog,andthenclickApplytoclosethe
Styledialog.
YouvenowconfiguredWordandMathTypetousethesamefontandsize
definitions,whichwillmakeequationscloselymatchthelookoftherestofthe
document.Selectthebodystylefirst,thenenteralineortwooftextandinsert
asimpleequation.
Nowletssupposethat,assofrequentlyhappens,youhavetochangethe
documentsfonttoBookman.Tokeepthisexamplesimplewewontchangethe
pointsize,butyoudfollowthesamestepsifthiswerethecase.
Thesearethechangesweneedtomake:
ModifyWordsbodystyletouseBookmaninsteadofTimes.
ModifyMathTypesstylestouseBookmaninsteadofTimes.
Updatetheexistingequationsinthedocumenttousethenewfont.
Thefirsttwostepsareverysimilartohowweoriginallycreatedthestylesand
addedthemtotheWorddocument,sowewontgothroughthemindetail.The
firststepinvolvesusingWordsStyledialog,thesecondsteprequires
MathTypesDefineStylesdialog.
ThethirdstepinvolvestheFormatEquationscommandontheMathTypemenu.
7. ChoosetheFormatEquationscommand,andtheFormatEquationsdialog
willappear.Thisdialogallowsyoutoreformattheequationsinyourdocument,
andprovidesyouwithseveralwaystodeterminetheequationpreferencesthat
areapplied.Thechoicesare:
Theequationpreferencesalreadystoredinthisdocument.
MathTypescurrentequationpreferencesfornewequations.
TheequationpreferencescontainedinaMathTypeequationyouvecopiedto
theclipboard.
TheequationpreferencescontainedinaMathTypepreferencefile.
52
Chapter 4: Tutorials
Tip
Click Help for more
details on the other
options.
ForthisexampleclicktheMathTypesNewEquationspreferencesbutton.
YoucanclickPreviewtogetalistoftheactualpreferences.
8. ClickOKandtheformattingprocesswillstart.Thiscantakeanywherefrom
afewsecondstoseveralminutesdependingonthespeedofyourcomputerand
thenumberofequationsinyourdocument.Thecommandsprogressisshown
inWordsstatusbar.Whentheoperationhasfinished,checkthattheequations
wereupdated.
1
+ 9.76 x
cn ( x) = k
14.3 x
when n is even
when n is odd
andthenformatitseveraldifferentways.Weproceedasfollows:
1. Createtheexpressiononthelefthandsideoftheequalssign.Asyouknow
bynow,youcanchoosethe templateorpressCOMMANDLtoattachthe
subscripttothec.
2. Choosethe templatefromthe
palettetoinsertanexpandingleft
brace.Youshouldnowhavethefollowing:
3. Enterthetopexpressioninthebrace,uptoandincludingthex,andthen
pressCONTROLTAB(presstheTABkeywhileholdingdowntheCONTROLkey).If
youpresstheTABkeyalone,thiswillmovetheinsertionpoint,ratherthaninsert
atabcharacter.
Choosing Styles
Another way to pick a
style is to CONTROL
CLICK in the Style panel
of the status bar and
select the style from the
menu that appears.
4. ChoosetheTextstylefromtheStylemenuandtypeinwhenniseven.
WhileyoureusingtheTextstyle,thespacebarisactiveandyouhavetotype
spaces,asyouwouldinawordprocessor.ChooseShowAllfromtheView
menu,ifitsnotalreadychecked,sothatyoucanseeyourtabcharacter,whichis
displayedasasmalldiamond.Also,chooseRulerfromtheViewmenuifitsnot
alreadychecked.Yourequationshouldlooklikethis:
Notethatthetabcharactercausesthephrasewhenniseventolineup
underneaththefirstdefaulttabstoptotherightofthex.Thedefaulttabstops
53
5. PressRETURNtostartanewlineunderneaththefirstone,andtypeinits
contents.YoushouldswitchbacktotheMathstyletoenter14.3x,andswitch
backtoTextagaintotypewhennisodd.Insertatabcharacter(CONTROLTAB)
afterthex,asinthefirstline.Thisshouldgiveyou:
Again,thetextphrasealignswiththefirstdefaulttabstoptotherightofthex.
Notethatyouhavecreatedatwolinepilewithinthe template,andthateach
pileinMathTypehasitsowntabstops.
Changing Styles
You can also use the
keyboard shortcuts
listed on the Style menu,
or CONTROL-CLICK on
the Status Bars Style
panel.
6. SelecttheninthefirstlineandchooseMathfromtheStylemenu.This
makesMathTypeinterpretthenasamathematicalquantity,i.e.avariable,and
willthereforeapplytheVariablestyle(typicallyitalic).Dothesametothenin
thesecondline.
7. Placetheinsertionpointsomewherewithinoneofthetwolinesontheright
handsideoftheequation,clickonthe tabwell,andthenclickontheRuler
justbeforethe1inchmarktosetalefttabstop(clickbelowthelineinthe
Ruler).Thiswillremovealldefaulttabstopstotheleftofthenewtabstop.Your
equationshouldnowbealignedasshownbelow:
Ifthisishowwewanttheequationformatted,thenourworkisfinished.
However,thereareseveralotheroptionsthatareworthexploring.
8. First,weregoingtoalignthetwoxs.Insertatabcharacter(CONTROLTAB)
atthestartofeachofthetwolines.Thiswillcauseeachlinetobeshiftedsothat
itslefthandsidealignswiththelefttabstop.Thetextphraseineachline,sinceit
isseparatedbyanothertabcharacter,willalignwiththefirstavailabledefault
tabstoptotherightofthex.
54
Chapter 4: Tutorials
9. Next,clickonthe tabwell,andthenclickontheRulerjusttotheleftof
theprevioustabstop.Thisshouldproducethefollowingresults:
Youcannowchangetheformattingeasilybyjustdraggingthetabstopsaround
ontheRuler.
10. Next,weregoingtoalignthetwodecimalpoints.Toprepareforthis,first
removethe tabbydraggingitdownwardsawayfromtheRulerandthen
releasingthemousebutton.Next,clickonthe tabwell,andthenclickonthe
Rulerattheoneinchmarktosetadecimaltabstop.Yourequationshouldend
uplookinglikethis:
Thatsitforthistutorial,sodeleteyourequationtobereadyforthenexttutorial.
A B = A B
A B = A B
Unfortunately,theboldsymbolslooktoomuchliketheregularones,sowelltry
tofindabettersolution.
1. Usingtheoverbartemplate,createtheequationsasshownabove.
2. FromMathTypesEditmenu,chooseInsertSymbol.Thefollowingdialog
willappear:
55
ThisdialogissomewhatsimilartotheoneinMicrosoftWordwhichyoumay
alreadyknowhowtouse.
Getting Detailed Help
To get detailed
information about the
Insert Symbol dialog,
click on the Help button
near its upper right-hand
corner.
YoucanusetheInsertSymboldialogtobrowseallthefontsavailableonyour
computer,andinvestigateMathTypesknowledgeofthem.Specifically,youcan:
Insertaspecificcharacterormathematicalsymbolintoyourequation.
Addafrequentlyusedsymboltothetoolbar.
Addakeyboardshortcutforafrequentlyusedsymbol.
Findasymbolbymatchingwordsinitsdescription.
3. ThefirstplacetolookforusablesymbolsistheSymbolfont,soselect
SymbolfromthelistoffontsnearthetopoftheInsertSymboldialog.Oncethe
fontisselectedyoucanscrollthroughthelargegridofcharactersinthecenterof
thedialog,lookingforlikelyprospects.
56
Chapter 4: Tutorials
Larger Symbol Display
To enlarge the
characters in the Insert
Symbol dialog, choose
Workspace Preferences
from MathType's
Preferences menu, and
set Toolbar size to
Medium or Large.
4. YoumightalsolookintheEuclidSymbolfont.NotethattheInsertSymbol
dialogtellsyouthatSymbolandEuclidSymbolhavethesameencoding
(arrangementofcharacters).So,ifyoudontfindthecharacter(s)youneedinone
ofthesefontsyouwontfindthemintheotheroneeither.
5. TheInsertSymboldialogactuallyprovidesamoreintelligentwaytosearch
forthecharactersyouneed,ratherjustbrowsingthroughfonts.IntheViewby
field,chooseDescription.ClickontheNewSearchbutton,typethewordunion,
andchooseOK.Thegridofcharacterswillnowshowyouseveralunionlike
symbols.
6. IntheInsertSymboldialog,uncheckShowoneofeachtoseeallthe
charactersonyourcomputerthatMathTypeknowsabout,andwhichhavethe
wordunionintheirnames.Dependingonwhichfontsyouhaveinstalled,
theremaybeafewdozensuchcharacters.Ifyouareoverwhelmedbythevast
arrayofcharactersshown,clickonShowoneofeachtoreducethenumber.
Thiscausesthedialogtodisplayonlyonecharacter(fromthefirstfontthat
containsit)foreachdescriptionmatchedbythesearchcriteria.
7. Clickonafewofthepromisinglookingunioncharacters,toseewhat
MathTypecantellyouaboutthem.Amongotherthings,MathTypewillgiveyou
adescriptionofthecharacter,thefontinwhichitwasfound,andthe
correspondingkeystroke.
8. Oneofthecharactersyoushouldseeisadoubleunionsymbol fromthe
EuclidMathTwofont.Letsassumethatwewanttousethis,providedwecan
findacorrespondingsymbolforintersection.
9. Usingthetechniquesoutlinedabove,searchforsymbolswithintersection
intheirnames.Youshouldfindadoubleintersectionsymbol ,againinthe
EuclidMathTwofont.
10. IntheViewbylistchooseFont,andselectEuclidMathTwofromthelist
offontsnearthetopoftheInsertSymboldialog.Scrolldowntonearthebottom
ofthecharactergriduntilyouseethe and symbols.Nearbyinthecharacter
grid,youwillseethesquareshapedunionandintersectionsymbols, and .
OursearchdidnotfindthesebecausetheirnamesarederivedfromtheUnicode
standard,whichcallsthemsquarecupandsquarecaprespectively.
Keyboard Shortcuts
The Insert Symbol
dialog allows you to
assign a keyboard
shortcut to any
character in any font.
11. YoucanclickonInserttoinsertsymbolsdirectlyfromtheInsertSymbol
dialog.However,ifyouregoingtobeusingthemrepeatedly,youllwantto
placethemononeofMathTypesbarsforeasieraccess.Press(andholddown)
theCOMMANDkeyanddragthe characterfromthegridintheInsertSymbol
dialogtotheSmallBar.Thendothesameforthe symbol.SeeTutorial5for
moreinformationaboutworkingwithMathTypestoolbars.
57
As B = A B
At B = A B
MathTypeknowsallabouttheEuclidMathTwofont,soitrealizesthatthe
and symbolsarebinaryoperators,justlikeand,anditputsthecorrect
spacingaroundthemautomatically.Ifyouusecharactersfrommoreobscure
fonts,youllhavetotakeafewextrastepstogetthisautomaticspacingtowork.
TolearnmoreaboutMathTypesknowledgeoffonts,andhowyoucanextendit,
seeChapter8.
1. OpenMicrosoftWordandcreateanewdocumentcontainingthefollowing:
58
Chapter 4: Tutorials
Save As Web Page vs.
Exporting
Words Save as Web
Page command saves
the current document as
a Web page and keeps
it open for editing. You
have a document that
can be viewed in a Web
browser and opened in
Word.
MathPage exports a
Web page, which means
that you end up with two
documents; the original
Word document, and the
Web page itself (which
is not editable in Word).
2. SavetheWorddocument,namingitMathPageTutorial.doc.Thenchoosethe
ExporttoMathPagecommandonWordsMathTypemenu(youcanalsoclickon
the buttonontheMathTypetoolbar).Thefollowingdialogwillappear:
YoullseetheTitlehasalreadybeenfilledinwiththedocumentsTitleproperty.
Youcanmodifythisifyouwish;thetextwillbedisplayedinthebrowser
windowstitlebar,andsavedintheWorddocumentsTitleproperty.
3. Makesuretheothersettingsinthedialogareasshownabove.Ifyouand/or
youraudiencearentusingInternetExplorer5exclusively,clicktheAll
browsersradiobutton.
4. ClickOK.Youllnoticesomeactivityonthescreen,andaprogressdialog
thatindicatesthestatusoftheexportingprocess.Itshouldnttakemorethana
fewsecondsforasmalldocumentlikethis.
Yourdefaultbrowserwillopen,displayingapagewhichshouldlookalmost
identicaltoyouroriginalWorddocument.Ifitdidntopen,oryoudidnthave
thisoptionchecked,startyourbrowserandopenthefileyoujustgenerated
(mostbrowsershaveanOpencommandforthispurpose).
Discovering
MathZoom
You may want to add a
note to your Web site
explaining how
MathZoom works so that
your audience will know
to click on the equations
to zoom them.
5. Inyourbrowser,noticehowtheinlineequationsareperfectlyalignedwith
thesurroundingtext.NowletstrytheMathZoomfeature.Movethemouse
pointeroveroneoftheequationsandclick.Youllseeamagnifiedversionofthe
equationappear.Thisallowsyoutoclearlyseesmallitemssuchassubscripts,
superscriptsandembellishments,evenwhenthetextissmall.Youcanzoomin
onasmanyequationsasyoulike.Clickagainonanequationtorevertbacktoits
normalsize.YoucancloseallzoomedequationsbyholdingdowntheSHIFTkey
andclickinginoneofthezoomedequations.
59
6. PrinttheWebpageusingthebrowsersPrintcommand.Noticehownicely
theequationsappear,andthattheymatchthequalityofthedocumentstext.
EventhoughMathPageisusingGIFimagestheequationsprintwithlaser
printerquality.
Copying Equations
The ability to drag an
equation to MathType
can be very useful, but
you cannot use it to
modify the Web page!
MathPage generates
multiple versions of
each equation, and
youd have to edit all of
them identically for this
to work. To modify the
equations you should
edit the original Word
document and run the
MathPage command
again.
7. WithmostbrowsersyoucanclickinanequationanddragittoaMathType
window.AnewMathTypewindowopenscontainingtheequation.Thisgreat
featuremeansthatyouandpeoplewhoviewyourpagescanmakeuseofthe
equationswithouthavingtorecreatethem.
Youllseethattheequationnumberandreferencedisplayproperlytoo.Equation
referencesalsoactashyperlinkstotheequationnumbertheyreference,although
youllneedalargerdocumentthanthistoseethisinaction.
Ifyouwanttoexperimentsomemore,youcanmodifytheWorddocumentand
runtheExporttoMathPagecommandagain.Althoughitspossibletodirectly
edittheWebpage,westronglyrecommendthatyouperformyoureditingin
Word.ThegeneratedWebpagecontainsalotofscriptblocksandiftheyre
incorrectlymodifiedthepagemaynotdisplayproperlyinabrowser.Tryadding
somemoreequationstothetext,andperhapssomeequationnumberreferences.
YoucouldalsotryaddingatabletoseehowitappearsinaWebpage;ingeneral
tablesshouldbeusedforalignmentandlayoutratherthanusingtabs.
FormoreinformationaboutMathPageseeChapter6ofthismanual,MathTypes
onlinehelpandtheMathTypeWebsiteatwww.dessci.com.
ThistutorialteachesyouanotherwaytocreateWebpagescontainingequations.
ThisapproachshouldonlybeusedwhenconvertingaWorddocumentintoa
WebpageusingMathPageisnotappropriate.ItinvolvescreatingGIFequation
filesandinsertingthemintoyourWebpages.AsMathTypecanproduceGIF
files,itisanexcellenttoolforthispurpose.MathTypewillevengeneratethe
HTMLneededtolinkyourWebpagetothenewlygeneratedMathTypeGIFfile.
MathTypegeneratedGIFfileshaveseveraladvantagesoverGIFfilesproduced
inotherways:
Theycanbeantialiasedtoproducebetterlookingsmoothededges.
Theyaresmall(typicallybeingmonochrome),allowingforfasterdownloads.
TheycanbeeditedatalaterdateinMathType.
60
Chapter 4: Tutorials
PeoplecansavetheGIFfilefromtheWebpage,openitwithMathTypeand
thenplacetheequationintootherdocumentsinanyofMathTypessupported
formats.
Adobe Acrobat
Another approach for
creating Web
documents is to use
Adobe Acrobats PDF
file format. Chapter 5
contains information
about this approach.
Automatic File
Numbering
If you are creating lots of
equation files MathType
can number them for
you. Chapter 5 contains
more details.
4. SelectGIFFileFormat,typeinthefilenameyoudesire,andsavethe
equationinthesamefolderasyourHTMLdocument.MathTypewillgenerate
HTMLcodeforthisequationandcopyittotheclipboard.
5. UsingyourHTMLeditor,bringtheHTMLdocumenttothefront.
6. Placetheinsertionpointwhereyouwanttheequationtobeinserted.Ifyou
areusingatexteditoryoucanpastetheHTMLintoyourdocument.Ifyouare
usingaWYSIWYGHTMLeditoryouwillhavetouseitsmethodforinserting
plainHTMLcode(lookforanInsertHTMLorViewSourcecommand).
7. SaveyourHTMLdocumentandopenitinyourWebbrowser.Youwillsee
theequationembeddedinyourWebpage.
YoucanantialiasMathTypeequationstoimprovetheirappearanceinWeb
pages.Thistechniquesmoothestheiredgesandmakesthemlooklessjagged.
8. SwitchbacktoMathType,opentheWebandGIFPreferencesdialog,check
Smoothedges(antialiasing)andthenclosethedialog.
Background Color
The Web and GIF
Preferences dialog lets
you control the
background color of the
equation, including
making it transparent.
9. SavetheMathTypeequation,thenswitchbacktoyourbrowserandrefresh
thecurrentpage.Youllseetheappearanceoftheequationchange.Antialiasing
worksbetterforsomeequationsthanothers(ingeneralitsbetteronlarge
equationsthansmallones).
ThedefaultHTMLcodegeneratedbyMathTypeincludestheGIFfilenameand
itsdimensions,andissufficientformostcases.Youcanmodifythiscodeinthe
WebandGIFPreferencesdialog;consultthisdialogsHelpformoredetails.
SavinganequationasascreenresolutionGIFimageprovidesforfast
downloads,butitwillnotprintwithlaserprinterquality.Forbetterprinting,
createtheGIFatahigherresolution,atthecostofincreaseddownloadtime.For
mostuses300dpiissufficient;higherresolutionsarentnoticeablybetterunless
youreprintingonaveryhighresolutiondevice.
61
MathTypehasbuiltinkeyboardshortcutsformanyofitscommands,andthe
mostcommonlyusedsymbolsandtemplates.However,youcanchangeanyof
MathTypesshortcuts,andyoucanalsoassignyourownshortcutsforanyitems
youplaceonthetoolbar.SeeMathTypesonlinehelpforacompletelistofthe
builtinshortcuts.
Wellstartbydefiningashortcutforatemplatethatdoesntalreadyhaveone.
1. Letsassumethatyouhavetocreateseveralequationsthatincludethe
template(openbrackets).MathTypedoesnotdefineashortcutforthistemplate.
Toassignone,firstchoosetheCustomizeKeyboardcommandonthePreferences
menu.
2. TheCustomizeKeyboarddialogwillappear.ThepaneltitledCommand:
containsahierarchicallistofalltheMathTypecommandsthatcanbeassigned
keyboardshortcuts.Wewanttoassignonetoatoolbaritem,soclickonthe
nexttotheToolbarCommandscategory.Anindentedlistwillappear
underneathToolbarCommands.Clickonthe nexttoTemplatesinthislist,and
thenonthe nexttoFenceTemplates.
3. SelecttheOpenBracketsitem(youmayhavetoscrollthelistdownalittle
forthisitemtoappear).Thetemplate
willappearinthepanelnexttothe
descriptionsoyoucanconfirmyouveselectedthecorrecttemplate.
62
Chapter 4: Tutorials
4. ClickintheeditboxlabeledEnternewshortcutkey(s).
5. TypeCOMMANDT,followedby[.Noticethatamessageappearsbelowthe
boxindicatingthatthisshortcutisalreadyassignedtotheLeftBracket
command.IfweweretoassignthiscombinationtotheOpenBracketstemplate,
itwouldberemovedfromtheLeftBracketcommand.Whenassigningnew
shortcutsalwayscheckthatyoudontaccidentallyoverwriteanexisting
shortcut.
Multiple Shortcuts
You can assign more
than one shortcut for the
same command.
6. PressDELETEonce,andthentypeOPTION[.Thistimetheresnocurrent
assignment.NowclicktheAssignbutton,andyoullseetheshortcutappearin
theCurrentKeyslist,aswellasbeingappendedtotheOpenBracketsiteminthe
listofcommands.
7. ClickClosetoclosethedialog,thentypeCOMMANDTfollowedbyOPTION[.
templateappearintheequationwindow.
Youllseethe
Customize Keyboard
The Customize
Keyboard dialog lets you
reset a commands
shortcut to its default
setting by selecting it
and clicking Reset
Selection. Click Reset
All to reset every
commands shortcuts
back to their original
settings.
AstherearesomanycommandsavailableinMathType,bothonekeyandtwo
keyshortcutsaresupported.MathTypedefinesshortcutsformanytemplates
usingtheformCOMMANDTfollowedbyanothercharacter,whichiswhywe
usedthisparticularcombination.Ofcourse,yourefreetodefineyourown
schemesasyouseefit.
9. CONTROLCLICKonthe 2 expressionandchoosethePropertiescommand
fromthecontextmenuthatappears.IntheExpressionPropertiesdialogyoull
seethesamekeyboardshortcutitemswesawintheCustomizeKeyboarddialog.
10. EntertheshortcutOPTIONRforthisexpressionandclosethedialog.
11. TypeOPTIONR,and 2 willbeinsertedintotheequationwindow.
WecouldhaveassignedashortcutforthisexpressionusingtheCustomize
Keyboarddialog,butlocatingthecommandwouldhaveinvolvedclickingon
ToolbarCommands,Tabs,Algebra,SmallBar,Expression14.Usingthe
expressionsPropertiesdialogisalotfaster!
63
x=
b b 2 4ac
2a
2
the discriminant b 4ac is the most important term
Thestepsareasfollows:
1. TypeInthequadraticformulainyourtexteditor.
2. RunMathType.
3. FromMathTypesPreferencesmenu,chooseTranslators.Inthedialogthat
appears,settheoptionsasshownbelow,andthenchooseOK.
4. CreatetheequationinMathType.Notethattherighthandsideofthe
equationisonthetoolbarsAlgebratab.
5. FromMathTypesEditmenu,chooseSelectAllandthenCopy(ortype
COMMANDA,thenCOMMANDC).
6. Switchbacktoyourtexteditor,andchoosePaste.Thiswillinsertthe
followingtextintoyourdocument:
\[
x = \frac{{ - b\pm \sqrt {b^{2} - 4ac} }}{{2a}}
\]
64
Chapter 4: Tutorials
Ifyouarefamiliarwith LATEX,youwillrecognizethisasthe LATEXsourcecode
forthequadraticformula.
7. Continuetypingthediscriminant,andthenswitchbacktoMathType.
8. Createthediscriminantterm b 2 4ac .
9. InMathTypesFormatmenu,chooseInlineEquation.ThismakesMathType
generatetheappropriate LATEXcodeforaninlineequation.
10. Copytheequationandpasteitintoyourtextdocument,andthentypeisthe
mostimportantterm.Yourdocumentshouldnowlooksomethinglikethis
In the quadratic formula
\[
x = \frac{{ - b\pm \sqrt {b^2 - 4ac} }}{{2a}}
\]
the discriminant $ {b^{2} - 4ac} $ is the most important
term.
Translator Options
Converting Equations
If you want MathTypes
Convert Equations
command in Word to
work with your
equations, you must turn
on the Include
MathType data in
translation and Include
translator name in
translation options.
InmanysituationsitisusefultobeabletotransferoldequationsfromaTEX
documentbackintoMathTypeforeditingorreuse.Thisispossible,provided
theequationswereoriginallycreatedinMathTypewithsuitabletranslator
optionsset.Tounderstandtheapproach,chooseTranslatorsfromMathTypes
Preferencesmenu,andchecktheboxlabeledIncludeMathTypedatain
translation.NowcreatethequadraticformulaagainandCopyandPasteitinto
yourtextdocument.Thistime,theresultingtextwillbe
% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn
% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr
% 4rNCHbGeaGqiFu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9
% vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x
% fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaWaaSaaaeaacq
% GHsislcaWGIbGaeyySae7aaOaaaeaacaWGIbWaaWbaaSqabeaacaaI
% YaaaaOGaeyOeI0IaaGinaiaadggacaWGJbaaleqaaaGcbaGaaGOmai
% aadggaaaaaaa!40C9!
\[
x = \frac{{ - b\pm \sqrt {b^2 - 4ac} }}{{2a}}
\]
Thefirstfewlinesoftextstartingwitha%signareaTEXcommentcontaining
MathTypesownprivaterepresentationofyourequation.Youmustincludethis
commentwhenyoupastetheequationbackintoMathTypesoitwillbe
convertedbackintoanormalMathTypeequation.Ifyouomitthecomment,or
changeitinanyway,thetransferbacktoMathTypewillnotwork.TEX
65
Other Translators
MathTypeincludestranslatorsforseveraldialectsofTEX(PlainTEX,AMSTEX,
LATEX,andAMS LATEX).ThesedialectscorrespondtovariouspackagesofTEX
macros,whichyoumustloadbeforeyoutypesetyourdocument.Forexample,to
typesetAMS LATEXcode,youmustincludethecommands
\documentclass{amsart}or\usepackage{amsmath},orsomeequivalent
somewhereinthepreambleofyourdocument.PleaseconsultyourTEXor LATEX
documentationformoredetails.
MathML
See www.w3.org/math
for more information on
MathML.
WealsosupplytranslatorsforMathML,amarkuplanguagebasedonXML
(eXtensibleMarkupLanguage)forencodingmathematics.Asofthiswriting
MathML2.0isthelatestversion.MathTypecomeswiththreeMathML2.0
translatorsthatonlydifferinthenamespaceinwhichtheMathMLisplaced.
WhichoneyoushouldpickisdeterminedbytheMathMLrendereryouuse;
eitherabrowserplugin(WebEQ,MathPlayer,etc.),orabrowserwithbuiltin
MathMLsupport(Netscape7,MozillaorAmaya).AfourthMathMLtranslator
generatesMathML1.0.SeeMathTypesonlinehelporvisitourWebsite,
www.dessci.com,forfurtherdescriptionofourMathMLtranslators.
66
Chapter 4: Tutorials
1. LaunchWordandcreateadocumentcontainingacoupleofequations.
2. ChoosetheExportEquationscommandontheMathTypemenu.TheExport
Equationsdialogwillappear.
3. EnteralocationintheFolderfield.Youcaneithertypethenameofafolder
orclicktheBrowsebuttonandselectafolder.Ifyouenterthenameofafolder
thatdoesntexistyouwillbeaskedifyouwanttocreateit.ChecktheDeleteall
filesofsametypeinfoldercheckboxifyouwantallfileswiththesame
extensiondeletedfromthisfolderbeforeexporting.Becarefulifyouselectthis
option;ifyouexportasGIFfilestoacommonfolderthenevery.giffileinthis
folderwillbedeleted!Itsusuallysafesttocreateanewfolderforeachsetof
exportedequationfiles.
GIF Settings
You can set the
resolution, background
color and other
attributes of GIF files in
MathTypes Web and
GIF Preferences dialog.
4. Selecttheformatoftheexportedequationfiles.Youcanalsosetthefilename
patternandthestartingnumber.Theaboveexamplewillcreatethefiles
Eqn001.eps,Eqn002.epsetc.SettingthepatterntoPhysIntro####andthefirst
numberto50willcreatethefilesPhysIntro0050,PhysIntro0051etc.Youmay
wanttoexperimentwithdifferentpatternsandnumbers.
5. ChecktheReplaceequationwithfilenamecheckboxifyouwantto
replaceeachexportedequationwiththecorrespondingfilename.Forexample,
theabovesettingswouldinsertthetext<<Eqn001.eps>>inplaceofthefirst
exportedequation.Clearthischeckboxifyouwanttoleavetheequationsinthe
documentunmodified.
6. ChoosetheWholedocumentoptionifyouwanttoexportallequationsin
thedocument.TheCurrentselectionoptionisenabledonlywhenyouselecta
portionofthedocumentbeforerunningtheExportEquationscommand.
7. ClickOKtostarttheexportingprocess.Whentheprocesshasfinisheda
dialogappearsindicatinghowmanyequationswereexported.
67
What To Do Next
Thisconcludesthelastofourtutorials.Wecertainlyhaventcoveredeverything
thatMathTypecando,butifallwentwellthenyouvegraspedthebasic
principles.Chapter5containsadditionalinformationaboutusingMathType
withotherapplications.Chapter6introducesMathTypesMathPagetechnology,
andshowshowyoucangenerategreatlookingWebpagesfromWord
documents.
Chapters7and8coverMathTypestylesandadvancedformatting.Itsnot
necessarytoreadthemimmediately,butonceyouveprogressedbeyond
creatingsimpleequationsyoullfindthemworthreading.Theindexisvery
complete,soitshouldbequiteeasyforyoutofindtheinformationyouneed.If
yougetstuck,pleasegetintouchwithusourcontactinformationislistedat
theveryendofChapter1.
68
Chapter 5
Working with Other Applications
Introduction
ThischapterdescribestheuseofMathTypewithotherapplications.Wediscuss
generalmethodsforimportingandeditingequations,andalsodiscussspecific
techniquesforusingMathTypewithMicrosoftWordandTEX.Ifyouarean
experienceduserandyourefamiliarwiththemethodsusedtoimportdifferent
typesofgraphicsintoyourwordprocessingorpagelayoutdocuments,youmay
notneedtoreadthegeneralinformationinthischapteratall.Ifyoureindoubt,
youshouldreadtheintroductorycommentsinthefirstfewsectionsofthis
chaptertomakesureyouunderstandalltheissuesinvolved.
YoucanplaceMathTypeequationsintodocumentscreatedwithawidevariety
ofapplications,mostofwhicharenotdiscussedexplicitlyinthischapter.In
general,youcaneasilyinsertMathTypeequationsintoanyapplicationthatuses
OLE(e.g.MicrosoftOfficeapplications)orEGO(e.g.AppleWorks),thatallows
youtopastegraphicsfromtheClipboard,orthatwillimportgraphicsinPICT,
EncapsulatedPostScript(EPS),orGraphicInterchangeFormat(GIF)fileformat.
Becausewewantyoutohavethelatestinformationonnewsoftwareasitis
released,therearedocumentsontheMathTypewebsitethatdiscussusing
MathTypewithmanyofthelatestsoftwareproducts.Youcanfindthese
documentsintheSupportareaoftheMathTypesiteatwww.dessci.com.Youcan
alsofindinformationonsomespecificproductsinMathTypesonlinehelp.
69
Ifyourapplicationhasatoolbarbuttontoinsertanequation,thisisthesimplest
approach.Tutorial1inChapter4providesanexampleusingthismethod.
InMicrosoftOfficeprogramsthetoolbarbuttonisashortcutforusingtheInsert
Objectcommand.Ifyourapplicationdoesnthavesuchatoolbarbutton,you
mayfindanInsertObjectcommandontheInsertorEditmenus.TheInsert
Objectcommanddisplaysadialogthatlistsallthetypesofobjectsyoucaninsert
intoadocumentchooseMathType5.0EquationfromthelistandclickOK.
ThiswillopenanewMathTypewindowreadyforyoutoenteranewequation.
Youinsertanequationintoyourdocumentbyplacingtheinsertionpointwhere
youwanttheequationandclickingtheappropriatetoolbarbutton,orbyusing
theInsertObjectcommandasdescribedabove.Onceyouvecreatedyour
equation,closetheMathTypewindowandyourdocumentnowcontaining
yournewequationwillbecomeactiveagain.
Yousimplydoubleclickonanequationtoeditit.Makeyourchangesinthe
MathTypewindowthatappears,thenclosetheMathTypewindowtoupdate
yourdocument.
70
Beforeyoucandraganequationtoyourdocument,makesureyoucanseeyour
documentswindowbehindtheMathTypewindow.Selecttheequation,press
themousebuttoninsidetheselectionanddragtheselectionoveryour
document.Releasethemousewhentheinsertionpointisovertheplaceinyour
documentthatyouwanttheequationinserted.
ManypeoplefindDragandDropmostusefulwhileeditinganequation,i.e.
dragginganddroppingpiecesofanequationwithinaMathTypewindow.
Tutorial5inChapter4describeshowtodragequationsorpiecesofanequation
toMathTypestoolbar.
YoucanuseMathTypesSaveAscommandtocreateequationfilesinseveral
populargraphicsformats:
MacintoshPICTfilesthestandardMacintoshgraphicsformat.
EncapsulatedPostScript(EPS)usedwithdesktoppublishingprogramslike
QuarkXPressandAdobesFrameMaker,PageMaker,andInDesign.
GraphicsInterchangeFormat(GIF)usedinWebpublishing.
Manyapplicationscanimportoneormoreofthesegraphicsfileformats.Which
willgivethebestresultsdependsonwhatyouaretryingtodo.Youwillfind
moreadviceonthissubjectintheothersectionsinthischapterthatdescribehow
touseMathTypewithspecifictypesofapplication,andintheWorkingwith
EquationFilessection.
71
Right:
Wrong:
Youcanresizeanequationobjectbyclickingonittoselectit(seethetiptothe
left),andthendraggingoneofthehandles(smallblacksquares)onthebox
aroundtheselectedequation.Someapplications(suchasMicrosoftWord)
automaticallykeeptheaspectratio(ratioofheighttowidth)ofthegraphicas
youresizeit.Inotherapplications,youmayneedtoholddowntheSHIFTkey
whileresizingtopreserveaspectratio.
Ifyourapplicationdoesntsupportpreservingtheaspectratiowhileresizingan
equation,youmaywanttoresizetheequationinMathTypeusingtheDefine
commandontheSizemenu.UsealargerorsmallerFullsizetoobtaintheoverall
sizeyouneed.Thiswillavoidthedistortionthatinevitablyoccurswhenan
equationisresizedwithoutmaintainingtheaspectratio.
Inline Equations
ManywordprocessingapplicationsenableyoutoplaceaMathTypeequation
withinalineoftext;thatis,toproduceaninlineequation,asopposedtoa
displayequationthathasitsownparagraph.
Anequationimportedintothemiddleofasentenceshouldsitlevelwiththe
surroundingtext,e.g. a 2 + b 2 .Toaccomplishthis,thebaselineoftheequation
mustbeadjustedtomatchthebaselineofthetext.Manywordprocessingand
pagelayoutapplicationshandlethisautomatically,butsomedonot.Inthese
casesyoumaybeabletomanuallyadjustthebaselineoftheequation.Some
applicationsenableyoutoadjusttheverticalpositionofaselectedequation
usingasubscriptformattingcommand.Ifthisworksinyourparticular
application,MathTypecangiveyouahintastotherightdistancetomovethe
equationdown.Whenyoucopyanequationtotheclipboardfromwithinthe
equationwindow,MathTypewillbrieflydisplaythebaselinedistanceinpoints
intheStatusBar.Forexample,iftheStatusBarindicatesB=5,thenyouwill
needtosubscriptyourequationby5pointsafterpastingitintoyourdocument.
Equation Numbering
IfyouuseMicrosoftWord,MathTypeaddscommandstodomostofthework
involvedinequationnumberingforyou.SeeTutorials9and10formoredetails.
IfyouarenotusingMicrosoftWord,youcanformatequationnumbersusing
tabs.Forexample,usingacenteringtabstopinthecenterofyourword
processordocumentandarightaligntabstopattherightmarginproducesthe
resultsinthepicturebelow.
72
PICT Files
APICTfileisthestandardgraphicfileformatforMacintoshprograms.Asa
result,itisoneofthemostusefulfileformats,sinceanyMacintoshprogramthat
canimportagraphicfilecanusuallyimportaPICTfile.
MathTypeusesfontstorepresentallthecharactersinthePICTfilesitgenerates.
Thisensuresthatyourequationswillbedisplayedandprintedwiththehighest
possiblequality.However,ifyoumoveyourequations(orthedocumentsthat
containthem)toanothercomputer,youmustmakesurethatthefontstheyuse
areavailable,ortheequationswillnotdisplayorprintproperly.
WhenusingtheEPSfileformat,youhavethechoiceofwhetherornottoinclude
aPICTscreenpreviewgraphicinthefile.Youwillusuallywanttoincludethis
screenpreviewbecauseitallowstheimportingapplicationtoshowsomething
onthescreenwhileyouareeditingyourdocument.Ifyouwanttotransferthe
equationtoaWindowscomputerthatsrunningMathType,youshouldsaveitin
EPSformatwithnopreview.Thisformatisjustaplaintextfileandwillavoid
thegraphicsconversionproblemsyoumightencounterwithotherformats.
Themethodforimportingequationfileswilldependontheprogramyoure
using.SeethesectionsonimportinggraphicsorimportingEPSfilesinyour
applicationsusermanual.
73
74
MathTypesInstallerinstallsaWordtemplatefileintoyourMicrosoftOffice
Startupfolder.ThefileiscalledMathTypeCommands.dot.Acopyofthisfileis
alsoinstalledintotheOfficeSupportfolderinsideyourMathTypefolder.This
folderalsocontainsanothertemplatecalledWordCmds.dot,andaReadMefile
thatcontainsadditionalinformation.TheWordtemplatescontainseveral
commandsthatgreatlysimplifytheprocessofcreatingandeditingdocuments
containingequations.ThecommandsareavailableinaMathTypemenuthats
addedneartherighthandendofWordsmenubar.Someofthemorecommonly
usedcommandsarealsoincludedinaMathTypetoolbarthatbehavesexactly
likeWordsbuiltintoolbars.
Removing the
Word Commands
If you want to remove
the commands, move
the template file out of
your Word Startup
folder.
Thecommandscanbedividedintothefollowingcategories:
Insertingequations.
Equationnumbering.
Controllingtheappearanceofequationsindocuments.
Convertingbetweenequationformats.
Exportingequationsasindividualgraphicsfiles.
GeneratingWebpages.
YoumaynoticeaslightdelaythefirsttimeyouusetheMathTypecommands
afterstartingWord.Wordtakesacoupleofsecondstoloadallthecommands,
butthisdelayonlyoccursthefirsttimeyouuseanycommandinaWordsession.
Inserting Equations
Equation Editor
If youve added a button
to Words toolbar to
insert Equation Editor
equations, youll find
that this button now
launches MathType.
You can control this in
the Object Editing
Preferences dialog (on
MathTypes Preferences
menu).
TheMathTypemenuinWordcontainscommandsforinsertingequationsinfour
differentways:inline,display,andleftandrightnumbereddisplay.Inline
equationsarelocatedwithinalineoftext.Displayequationsoccupytheirown
paragraphandaretypicallycentered,whilenumbereddisplayequationsalso
includeanequationnumberalignedwiththeleftorrightmargin.We
recommendthatyouuseoneofthesecommandstoinsertequationsinsteadof
usingWordsInsertObjectcommand.Theyaremoreconvenient,andtheyalso
makeuseofanyequationpreferencesyoumayhavesetforyourdocument(see
below).
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AutoCorrect
A tutorial describing how
to use this Word feature
is on our Web site at
www.dessci.com
(search for the term
AutoCorrect).
Thefirsttimeyouinsertadisplayequationintoadocument,aWordstylenamed
MTDisplayEquationiscreated,andtheparagraphcontainingtheequationis
formattedwiththisstyle.Thisallowsyoutocontroltheformattingofalldisplay
equationsinyourdocumentbychangingthisstyle.Theinitialsettingsforthis
stylearethesameasthestyleinusewhenyoufirstinsertadisplayequation.
YoumaybetemptedtouseMathTypetoinsertjustacharacterortwo,e.g.or
xi.Thissituationcanoccurhundredsoftimesinsomedocuments.We
recommendthatyouinsertindividualsymbolsinWorddirectlyusingWords
InsertSymbolcommand,andthenapplysimplesuperscriptingandsubscripting.
Thiskeepsthedocumentsmaller,makesitsavefasterandbegenerallymore
responsive.
YoucanevenuseWordspowerfulAutoCorrectfeaturesothatwhenyoutype
xsubiitgetsreplacedwithxi.If,however,youneedspecialpositioningofthe
symbolsthatyoucantachieveinWord,thenusingMathTypeisnecessary.
Equation Numbering
Tutorials9and10showhowtousetheequationnumberingcommands;herewe
presentabriefoverviewandsomeadditionaltips.TheMathTypemenucontains
severalcommandsformanagingequationnumbersandreferences.Although
Wordhasitsownnumberingmechanism(captions),youmayfindthese
commandseasiertouse.
YoucaninsertequationnumbersinyourdocumentusingtheInsertEquation
Numbercommand(ortheInsertLeft/RightNumberedDisplayEquation
command).YoucanalsocreatereferencestoequationnumbersusingtheInsert
EquationReferencecommand.Thenumbersandreferencesautomatically
updatethemselveswheneveryouinsertanewequationnumber.Doubleclicking
onanequationreferencejumpstothereferencednumber.Referencescanalsobe
placedinfootnotesandendnotes.
Using References
In some documents,
double-clicking a
reference can scroll to a
completely different part
of the document. Press
SHIFT+F5 to scroll back
to the reference.
TheFormatEquationNumberscommandletsyouchangetheformatofboth
newandexistingequationnumbers.Youcanalsosetthedefaultformatwhich
willbeusedforallnewdocuments.
MathTypesequationnumberscanconsistofachapternumber,asection
number,anequationnumber,anenclosureandseparators.TheSimplemodein
theFormatEquationNumbersdialogprovidesavarietyofformatswhichare
typicallysufficientformostneeds,e.g.(1.1),(1.1.1),[1],<A.1>,{1.i}.
InAdvancedmodeyoucancreateyourownformatsandtherearevirtuallyno
restrictionsonwhatyoucando,e.g.Equation1,or|Chap1,Sec2,Eqn1|.You
canreversethelayoutofthenumbers,whichcanbeusefulinrighttoleft
languages.ThisdialogsHelphasmoreinformationonadvancedformats.
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Ifyouwanttouseachapterand/orsectionnumberaspartoftheequation
number,youllneedtousetheInsertChapter/SectionBreakcommand.This
allowsyoutoresetorincrementthechapterandorsectionnumber.When
creatingbooksorarticlesyoumayhavemultiplechaptersandsectionswithin
onedocument,oreachchaptermaybeinaseparatedocumentwhichcontains
multiplesections.TheInsertChapter/SectionBreakcommandletsyoucontrol
thenumberingtoreflecttheorganizationofyourdocument(s).
ThecommandopenstheChapter/SectionBreakdialogwhichletsyoueither
incrementorsettoaspecificvaluethechapterand/orsectionnumber.Whenyou
changeachapternumberyouusuallysetthesectionnumberbackto1.Chapter
numbersareoptional,theycanbeignorediftheyrenotneeded.
Thechapter/sectionbreaksareindependentofWordssections;theyareonly
usedbytheequationnumberingcommands.Normallytheyrehidden;ifyou
wanttoseewheretheyareinyourdocumentclickthe buttononWords
toolbar.
Editing Breaks
If chapter/ section
breaks are visible, you
can also edit one by
double-clicking on it.
YoucanmodifyordeleteasectionbreakusingtheModifyChapter/Section
Breakcommand.Itsearchesbackwardsthroughyourdocument,fromthe
currentlocationoftheinsertionpoint,lookingfortheprecedingchapter/section
break.Thedialogallowsyoutochangethechapterand/orsectionnumber;you
canalsodeletethechapter/sectionbreakbyclickingtheDeletebutton.
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Todothis,saveaMathTypepreferencefileusingMathTypesSaveToFile
commandontheEquationPreferencessubmenu.Then,inWordusethe
MathTypemenusSetEquationPreferencescommandtoloadthepreferences
fromthisfile.Thepreferencesarecopiedintoyourdocumentandstoredasaset
ofcustomdocumentproperties.Consequently,onceyouvedonethisyoudont
needtokeepthepreferencefilearound.Infact,youcansendyourWord
documenttoanotherMathTypeuser,andyourpreferenceswillbeused
whenevertheyinsertnewequations!
MathType5equationscontainthepreferenceswithwhichtheywerecreated.
However,equationscreatedbyolderversionsofMathType(3.xandearlier)do
notcontainthisinformation,andwillbereformattedwithMathTypescurrent
preferenceswhenyoueditthem.Ifyouaregoingtoeditanolddocumentyou
canusetheFormatEquationscommandtoupdatetheequations.Thiswill
incorporatetheirpreferences,justlikenewequations.Tutorial11containsan
exampleofusingthiscommand.
MathTypetextequationsareequationstranslatedintoatextrepresentationusing
oneofMathTypestranslators.Theseequationscanbeconvertedbackinto
MathTypeequations,ortranslatedintoyetanothertextequation.Fortext
equationstobetranslatable,boththetranslatornameandtheMathTypedata
mustbeincludedintheequation.Youcanensurethisbycheckingthe
appropriateboxesintheConvertEquationsdialog.IfjusttheMathTypedatais
included,youcanstillcopyandpastetheequationintoaMathTypewindow.
Inordertorunasquicklyaspossible,theConvertEquationsandFormat
EquationscommandsaltersomeWordsettings.Thesearerestoredwhenthe
commandfinishes.Intheunlikelyeventthatthecommandrunsintoaproblem
andterminatesprematurely,thesesettingswillnotberestored.Thesettingsare
TypingreplacesselectionandUsesmartcutandpasteintheEdittabofthe
WordsPreferencesdialog.Thecommandsturnboththesesettingsoff.Youmay
resetthemifyoupreferotherwise.
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TheExportEquationscommandletsyouexportsomeoralloftheequationsin
yourdocumenttoindividualgraphicfiles.Tutorial18demonstrateshowtodo
this.Herearesomeadditionaltipsforusingthiscommand.
TheDeleteallfilesofsametypeinfolderoptioncanbeveryuseful;especially
ifyoureexportingequationsintoafolderthatalreadycontainssomefiles.You
canuseittodeleteallexistingfileswiththesamefileextensionastheexported
files,whichmayhelpifyoueverneedtocopythesefilessomewhereelse.You
shouldbecarefulwhenusingthisoptionthough,andmakesureyouveselected
therightfolder,orelseyoumayendupdeletingthewrongfiles!
Thefilenamepatternworksinthesamewayasthepatternfeaturein
MathTypesSaveAsdialog.ApatternofEqn###willcreatefileEqn001,Eqn002,
i.e.the#charactersrepresenta0oradigit.Iftherearemorethan999equations
thenumberswillstillworkasexpected(Eqn1000).
TheReplaceequationwithfilenameoptionreplaceseveryexportedequation
withthenameofitscorrespondingfile(justthefilename,notthewholepath).
Thiscanbeusefulwhenimportingthedocumentintoanotherprogramandthen
reimportingtheequations.Thereplacedequationslooklikethis:
<<Eqn001.eps>>.
WhenyouinsertinlineequationsintoWorddocuments,youmaynoticethat
Wordfrequentlyincreasesthelinespacingaroundthelinescontaininginline
equations,evenwhenitappearsthatnoadjustmentisnecessary.Thishappens
foranyinsertedgraphic,notjustequations,andoccurswhenWordsline
spacingissettoSingle(thedefaultsetting),1.5Lines,Double,orMultiple.The
resultisthatdocumentscancontainunevenlinespacing,whichsomepeople
findundesirable.Theeffectislessnoticeablethelargeryousetyourlinespacing.
AnalternativeistousetheExactlysetting.ThiskeepsWordslinespacingthe
sameforeveryline,howeversomeinlineequationsmayhavetheirtopsand/or
bottomsclippedoffiftheyretoolarge.Thetrickistoenteravaluelargeenough
toaccommodatethetallestinlineequationinyourdocument,andtocarefully
checkyourprintedoutput.Agoodstartingvalueisoneabout20%largerthan
themainpointsizeofyourdocument.Forexample,ifyourdocumentisbased
ona10ptfont,enter12ptforthelinespacingsetting.Youmakethischangein
WordsParagraphdialog,althoughasalwayswerecommendthatyoucreatea
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80
YoucanconfigureMathTypetoconvertequationstotextbasedmarkup
languageslike LATEXandMathMLusingtheTranslatorscommandonthe
Preferencesmenu.Thisdialogallowsyoutochoosefromalistofavailable
translators,includingseveralkindsofTEXandMathML.Onceyouhavechosen
atranslator,everytimeyoucopyanequationtotheclipboardordoadragand
dropoperation,thetranslatoryouchosewillbeinvokedtoconverttheequation
intotextintheappropriatelanguage.
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MathMLisarecommendationcreatedbytheWorldWideWebConsortium
(W3C,www.w3.org)forexpressingmathematicsinWebpages.MathTypeinstalls
severalMathMLtranslatorsthatdifferintheMathMLbrowserand/orplugin
theyaredesignedtoworkwith.
WorkingwithMathMLismuchlikeworkingwithTEXyourunMathTypeat
thesametimeasyourfavoriteHTMLeditorandcutandpaste(ordragand
drop)equationsbetweentheirwindows.Forthedetailsofhowyouconnectthe
MathTypegeneratedMathMLfragmentstotheMathMLbrowserpluginyou
choosetouse,pleaseconsultthepluginsdocumentation.Perhapstheeasiest
waytogetstartedistouseMathTypesExporttoMathPagecommandinWord
toconvertaWorddocumentintoaWebpagecontainingMathML.SeeChapter6
formoredetails.TheresmoreinformationonworkingwithMathMLin
MathTypesonlinehelp,andontheDesignScienceWebsiteatwww.dessci.com.
YoucaninsertMathTypeequationsintomanydrawingapplicationsusingcut
andpaste,draganddrop,orfileimport.Ifyoureusingadrawingprogramthat
supportsPostScript(e.g.AdobeIllustrator),saveyourequationsintheEPS
formatandthenimportthem.OtherdrawingprogramscanusuallyimportPICT
files.IfyoureusingapaintprogramsuchasAdobePhotoshop,youmaywant
tosavetheequationsasGIFfiles.Yourgraphicsprogrammaybeabletoimport
multipleformats;ifsoyoushouldexperimenttofindthebestformat.
Manypaintanddrawingprogramswillconverttheequationasitsimported.
Onceconverted,youwontbeabletoedititbackinMathType,sobesureto
keeptheoriginalequationaroundifyouwanttoavoidrecreatingit.
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YoucanuseMathTypetocreatepresentations(slides,viewgraphs,overheads,
foils,orwhateveryouliketocallthem).Youcanaddequationstoapresentation
justasyouwouldinyourwordprocessorusetheInsertObjectcommandif
available(PowerPoint),orelseuseDragandDroporCopyandPaste(Keynote).
However,mostpresentationprogramsdontallowyoutoplacegraphicsinline
withtext.Textandgraphicsareusuallyplacedindependently,soyoullhaveto
lineuptheequationswiththetextyourself.
Youwillprobablywantequationsinslidestobelargerthantheywouldbeinan
ordinarydocument.Therearetwodifferentwaystomakelargerequations,and
wesuggestthatyouexperimenttofindwhichmethodisbestforyou.
OneapproachistousetheDefinecommandontheSizemenutoassignlarger
pointsizestoeachtypesize.IfallthetypesizesaredefinedaspercentagesofFull
size(MathTypesdefaultsetting),allyouhavetodoischangeFullsizetoa
largerpointsizeandalltheothersizesintheequationwilladjustinproportion.
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MathTypeisavailableforWindowsandtheMacintosh,andthetwoversionsare
compatible.Youcancopywholedocumentscontainingequationsifthe
applicationthatyouusedtocreatethemisavailableonbothplatforms.Evenif
theoriginalapplicationisntavailable,youmaybeabletoimportthedocument
intoanotherapplication.Ifcopyingtheentiredocumentisntpossible,youcan
savetheequationsasfilesusingMathTypesSaveAscommandandthencopy
thefilestotheotherplatform.IfyouhaveMathTypeavailableontheother
platform,youcanopentheequationfilesthere.
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IfyouhaveMacintoshandWindowsversionsofMicrosoftOfficeproducts,you
cantransferdocumentscontainingequationsbetweenthetwoplatforms.
Equationscontainedinthesedocumentswillbeconvertedintothegraphic
formatofthecurrentplatform.Forthebestresults,however,youwillneedto
updatetheequationsafteryoutransferthedocument.Thisprocessreformats
eachequationusingthefontsonthecurrentplatform,andisnecessarytoobtain
thecorrectspacingofthecharactersintheequations(evenfontswiththesame
namesoftenhaveslightlydifferentcharactershapesandsizesoneachplatform).
Youcanupdateequationsindividuallybydoubleclickingonthem,choosing
MathTypesUpdatecommand,andthenclosingtheMathTypewindow.If
youreusingMicrosoftWord,allofthedocumentsequationscanbeupdated
withtheConvertEquationsorFormatEquationscommandsseethesectionin
thischapteronMicrosoftWordfordetails.Also,anyfontsusedintheequations
mustbeavailableonbothplatforms;otherwise,youwillhavetochoosenew
fontsfortheequationsafterthetransfer.
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Chapter 6
Creating Web Pages Containing Equations
Introduction
Math on the Web
Design Science
publishes a semi-annual
report on the state of
Math on the Web. Visit
www.dessci.com. for a
copy.
ThischapterdescribesthevariouswaysinwhichyoucancreateWebpages
containingequations.Thereareseveralapproaches,andeachhasitsadvantages
anddrawbacks.ForcreatingWebpagesfromMicrosoftWorddocuments,
MathTypesMathPagetechnologyisthebestapproach.ItproducesWebpages
virtuallyidenticaltotheoriginalWorddocument,completewithproperly
alignedequationsthatdisplayandprintwithhighresolution.
IfyourecreatingWebpageswithmoretraditionalHTMLeditors,wellshow
youhowMathTypecancreateindividualequationGIFfilesalongwith
correspondingHTMLtagstostreamlinetheprocess.Finally,welldiscussother
waysofdisplayingdocumentsontheWeb.
MathPage
Older Browsers
MathPage documents
will work in version 4 or
newer of the popular
browsers. In general,
the newer the browser
the better the document
looks.
MathPageisthenamewevegiventoourtechnologyforpublishingtechnical
documentsontheWeb.MathTypesExporttoMathPagecommand,availablein
MicrosoftWord,convertsaMicrosoftWorddocumentcontainingMathType
and/orEquationEditorequationsintoaWebpage.
WevesolvedmanyoftheproblemsyourunintowhenusingWordsSaveAs
WebPagecommandonadocumentwithequations.Theseinclude:
Baselinealignmentofinlineequations.
Centeringofdisplayequations.
Displayandprintingofequationsonmultiplebrowsers(e.g.,Microsoft
InternetExplorer,Safari,NetscapeNavigator)andmultipleplatforms
(Macintosh,Windows,Linux/Unix).
Displayofmathematicalsymbolsonmultipleplatformsandbrowsers
withoutrequiringspecialfontstobeinstalled.
Properlinespacing.
MathTypesequationnumbersandreferencesdisplayproperly,andthe
referencesactashyperlinks.
Inaddition,wevealsoimplementedsomeextrafeatures:
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OurMathZoomtechnologyallowsequationstobemagnifiedinthe
browser,makingiteasiertoseesmalltextsuchassubscripts,
superscripts,primes,hats,etc.
EquationscanbedraggedfromInternetExplorerdirectlyinto
MathType;inallbrowsersequationfilescanbesavedandthenopened
inMathType.
Equationscanbeconvertedtoimages(whichworkinanybrowser)or
toMathML(whichrequiresspecificbrowsersorplugins).
MoreinformationaboutMathPagecanbefoundinMathTypesonlinehelp,and
ontheDesignSciencewebsiteatwww.dessci.com.TheWebsiteisthemain
sourceofnewinformation,suchascompatibilityissueswiththelatestbrowsers.
TheDocumentgroupletsyouassignatitleandfilename.Thetitleisdisplayed
inthebrowserstitlebar.TheFileNamefieldindicateswheretheWebpagewill
besaved.ThedefaultisinthesamefolderastheWorddocument,butwitha
.htmextension.Ifyouwanttochangethelocation,clicktheBrowse...buttonand
WordsSaveAsdialogwillappear.SelectthelocationyoudesireandclickSave,
andthenewlocationwillappearintheMathPagedialog.ChecktheDisplayin
defaultbrowsercheckboxifyouwantthepagetobeopenedinyourdefault
browseronceitsbeengenerated.
TheEquationsgroupallowsyoutochoosewhethereachequationisrepresented
intheWebpageusingimages(GIFfiles)orMathML.Imagesworkwellinall
browsers;severalaregeneratedforeachequationandthemostappropriateones
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MathZoom
MathZoom
You may want to let
people who view your
Web pages know about
MathZoom so theyll be
able to benefit from this
feature.
IfyouchooseimagesyoualsohavetheoptionofturningMathZoomon.This
technologyallowspeopleviewingyourWebpagestomagnifyequationsinthe
browser,sotheycanseesmallitems(subscripts,superscripts,primes,etc.)more
easily.Justclickonanequationinthebrowsertoseetheenlargedversion,as
shownbelow.
Normal
Zoomed
Youcanzoommorethanoneequationatthesametime.Closeindividual
zoomedequationsbyclickingonthemagain,orholddowntheSHIFTkeyand
clickonanyzoomedequationtocloseallzoomedequations.
MathML
MathML Info
For more information on
MathML, visit
www.w3.org/math.
IfyouchooseMathMLyoumustthenselectoneoftheMathMLtargets.Selecting
oneofthesetargetsmeansthatanyoneviewingyourWebpagewillneedthe
appropriatebrowserorplugininstalled.TheMathZoomoptionisnotavailable
whenMathMLisselected;inMathPlayer2.0andnewerMathZoomisalways
available.SeeMathTypesonlinehelpformoreinformationaboutthevarious
MathMLtargets.
Target Browser
TheTargetBrowsersettingletsyouchoosethelevelofbrowsercompatibility.
Thismainlyaffectshowsymbolsinthedocumentarehandled.TheInternet
Explorer5(Macintosh)optiontakesadvantageofthefactthatInternetExplorer
5forMacintoshcancorrectlydisplaymanysymboliccharacters.Mostother
browsersdonotdisplaythesecharactersproperly;therefore,imagesmustbe
generatedforthem.Thiscanmakethedocumenttakelongertodownloadand
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90
UseWord2001ornewer
AlthoughMathPageworkswithWord98,itsHTMLconversionisquite
crudecomparedwithnewerversionsofWord.
Usetablesforalignment
Tabsdonotworkwellinbrowsersforaligningitemsonmultiplelines.
Word98inparticularhandlesthemquitepoorlywhenproducinga
Webpage.IfyouneedaspecificlayoutuseWordstables.Words
ConvertTextToTablecommandontheTablemenugreatlysimplifies
convertingexistingtabalignedparagraphstoTables.Afterconverting
toatable,selecteachcolumnofthetableandselectLeft,Right,or
CenteralignmenttoachievetheequivalentresultasaLeft,Right,or
Centertab.
UsetheMathTypeCommandsforWordtoinsertequations
Thisisespeciallytruefordisplayequationsthatyouwantcenteredina
paragraph.MathPagedoesagoodjobofhandlingthevariouswaysthat
youcancenteranequationandgeneratingthecorrectHTML,butit
worksmostreliablyifyouuseMathTypesInsertDisplayEquationand
InsertNumberedDisplayEquationcommandsinWord.
UseWordsInsertSymbolcommandformathematicalsymbols
ThisisfarmoreefficientthancreatingaMathTypeequationcontaining
onlyafewsymbols,bothforWordandthebrowser.Ontheotherhand,
Dontconvertlongdocuments;breakthemintosmallerpieces
WhilealargedocumentmaybedesirableinWordforeditingand
printing,itdoesnottranslatewellintoaWebdocument.Large
documentstakelongertodownload,andaremorecumbersomefor
viewing.WhenyouprintalongdocumentinWordyougetheaders
andfootersinsertedoneverypage.Printingfromabrowserisdifferent;
therearenoheadersandfooterscontainedinthepageitself,andpage
breakscanoccurinthestrangestplaces,sometimesbreakinggraphics
suchasequationsinhalf.Theseproblemscanbeminimizedby
breakinglongdocumentsintosmallersections,andmakingeachonean
individualWebpage.Alsoseethesectiononmasterdocumentsbelow.
Dontusepositionedorfloatingelementscontainingequations
MathPagecurrentlyignorestheseitems,andalthoughtheydoget
convertedintoHTMLanysymbolsandequationsintheseelementswill
notbehandledproperly.Youcanusesimpleleftorrightalignmenton
graphicsandotherelementstoachieveproperdisplayinthebrowser.
UpdateequationsbeforeusingMathPage
Youcanusedocumentscontainingequationscreatedbyotherversions
ofMathTypeorEquationEditor(includingdocumentsauthoredona
Macintoshcomputer).Inthesecases,forbestresultsyoushouldrunthe
FormatEquationscommandbeforegeneratingaWebpage(youonly
needtorunitonceandthensavethedocument).
MathTypesonlinehelpcontainsmoreinformationabouttheconversionprocess,
includingsomeusefullinkstoMicrosoftswebsite.Italsolistssomeknown
issueswithvariousbrowsers.
Master Documents
WordsMasterDocumentfeatureenablesyoutomanagealargedocumentasa
setofsmallerindividualfilescalledsubdocuments.Themasterdocument
containslinkstothesubdocuments,andyoucanworkwithindividual
subdocumentsorwiththeentiremasterdocumentasawhole.Master
Documentscanbetrickytoworkwith;formoreinformationseeWordsHelpor
otherWorddocumentation.
WhenyourunMathPageonamasterdocumentyougetatableofcontentspage
(themasterdocumentitself)containinglinkstoeachofthesubdocumentpages.
Thetableofcontentsisalittlecrude,andyoullprobablywanttocleanitupa
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mainpagecontainingHTMLcode
foldercontainingGIFsandothersupportingfiles
Theremaybeoneortwoadditionalfilescreatedaswell.Forthelatestdetails
consultTechNote#91intheSupportsectionoftheDesignSciencewebsiteat
www.dessci.com.Tocopyawebpagetoawebserver,justcopyallfilesandthe
supportingfolder.Note:theMathPage.jsfileisthesameforallwebpages,and
canbesharedbetweenmultiplewebpages.Ifyousaved10webpagesinthe
samefolder,youdhave10.htmfiles,10supportingfolders,butjustone
MathPage.jsfile.Thiscanbeagoodapproachtolayingoutyoursite,asitmeans
that,ifyoueverneedtoupdatetoanewerversionoftheMathPage.jsfile,there
willbeonlyonecopytoreplace.
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SometimesanHTMLeditorisnecessarythough,andthissectiondescribeshow
toworkwithsuchtools.MostgraphicalWebauthoringprogramshaveanInsert
ImagecommandthatyoucanusetoplaceanequationGIFfileonaWebpage.
FirstcreateaGIFfileforeachequationusingMathTypesSaveAscommand,
andtheninsertthemintothepageasneeded.ConsultyourHTMLeditors
manualfordetails.Tutorial15andChapter5containmoreinformationon
creatingGIFfilesusingMathType.
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Chapter 7
Fonts, Styles, Sizes and Spacing
Introduction
ThischapterdescribeshowMathTypeassignsfonts,styles,sizes,andspacingto
thecharactersinequationsandhowyoucanchangetheautomaticassignments
togiveyourequationsadifferentlook.
Styles
EachcharacterinaMathTypeequationiseitherassignedaspecificfontand
characterstyle,orisassignedoneofelevenstyles.MathTypesstylesare
somewhatanalogoustotextstylesinwordprocessingandpagelayout
applications.Eachoneisdefinedasacombinationofafontandcharacterstyle
(e.g.Times,bold&italicorSymbol,bold).Stylessaveyoufromhavingtoworry
aboutfontsandcharacterstylesseparately,andhencespeedupyourworkand
helpyoumaintainconsistencyinyourequations.Also,bychangingthe
definitionofastyle,youcanquicklychangetheappearanceofallthecharacters
thatuseit.YoucanchangethedefinitionsofanyofthestylesusingtheDefine
commandontheStylemenu.
Math
Mathisnotastyleinthesamesenseastheotherstyles,althoughwetendtorefer
toitthatwayoccasionallyinthismanual.Rather,itisamodewhichcauses
MathTypetoautomaticallyassigntheappropriatestyletofunctionnames,
variables,symbols,andnumbersasyoutype.TheMathstyleisdiscussedfurther
belowinthesectionentitledFunctionRecognition.
Text
YoushouldusetheTextstylewhenyouwanttoenterwordsratherthan
mathematicalformulas.YouwillnormallydefineyourTextstyletobethesame
fontandcharacterstyleasyourprimaryfont.
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WhenthecurrentstyleisText,MathTypebehavessomewhatlikeanordinary
wordprocessor.However,wedonotrecommendusingMathTypetowritelarge
amountsoftext(itisntawordprocessor!);theTextstyleisprovidedonlyto
makeiteasierforyoutooccasionallytypeafewwordsthatmightoccurinthe
middleofanequation.
Afewwordprocessorswillnotallowyoutoplaceanequation(oranyother
graphic)withinalineoftext.Ifyourunintothisproblem,youmayhaveto
createtheentirelineoftext,includingtheequation,inMathType.UsetheText
styletotypethetext,andcreatetheequationwithinitusingthemathematical
styles,asusual.YoucanthencopytheentirelinefromMathTypeintoyour
document.
Function
TheFunctionstyleismeanttobeusedforthenamesofstandardmathematical
functions,likesin,log,etc.YouwillnormallydefineyourFunctionstyletobethe
samefontandcharacterstyleasyourprimaryfont.MathTypeautomatically
recognizesstandardmathematicalfunctions,andyoucanalsoaddyourown.
SeetheFunctionRecognitionsectionlaterinthischapter.
Variable
Zoom to Read Italics
If you find it difficult to
read italic characters on
your screen, use the
Zoom commands on the
View menu to see your
work at a larger scale.
TheVariablestyleisusedforalphabeticcharactersrepresentingordinary
mathematicalvariablesandconstantsinyourequations.Youwillnormally
defineyourVariablestyletobethesamefontasyourprimaryfont,butwith
italiccharacterstyle.
Lower-Case Greek
TheLowerCaseGreekstyleisusedforlowercaseGreekcharacters.Itisusually
definedtobetheSymbolorEuclidSymbolfontwithitaliccharacterstyle.
Upper-Case Greek
Asyoumightexpect,theUpperCaseGreekstyleisusedforuppercaseGreek
characters.ItisusuallydefinedtobetheSymbolorEuclidSymbolfont,butits
characterstyleisamatterofpersonaltastesomepeopleliketohavetheir
uppercaseGreekcharactersitalicized,andsomepeopledont.
Symbol
TheSymbolstyleisusedformanymathematicaloperators,suchas+and=,for
summationandproductsigns,andforotherspecialcharacters.Inorderfor
MathTypetoworkcorrectly,theSymbolstylemustbedefinedtobetheSymbol
font,theEuclidSymbolfont,orsomeotherfontwithexactlythesamefont
encodingasSymbol(i.e.thesamesetofcharactersinthesamepositions).
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Number
Nottoosurprisingly,theNumberstyleisusedfornumbers,i.e.anyoftheten
digits,09.Youwillprobablywantittobethesameastheprimaryfont.Ifyou
aremakingtableswithcolumnsofnumbers,youshoulddefineyournumber
styletobeafontinwhichallthenumeralsarethesamewidth,sothatyour
columnslineupproperly.Mostfontshavethisproperty,evenoneslikeTimes,
whosealphabeticcharactershaveproportionalwidths,butafewdonot.
TheUser1andUser2stylesareprovidedsothatyoucansetupyourownfont
andcharacterstylecombinationsandassignthemtocharactersquicklyand
consistently.Thesestylesmaybeusedforspecialnotation,suchasanalternative
characterstyleforvariables,orforassigningsomefontthatcontainsspecial
symbols.Ifyouassignafonttooneofthesestyles,youcaninsertanycharacter
fromthefontintoanequationbychoosingtheUser1orUser2commandand
thenpressingthekey(s)correspondingtothecharacter.Thisisagoodalternative
toplacingspecialsymbolsonthetoolbars(asdescribedinChapter7),whenyou
wantquickaccesstoaspecialalphabeticfont.Forexample,youmightuseEuclid
MathOneforscriptcharacters(e.g.F, L, P),EuclidFrakturforgothic
characters(e.g.A,M,X),orEuclidMathTwoforblackboardcharacters(e.g.
B, K, R).
Function Recognition
WhenyourcurrentstyleisMath(whichwillbemostofthetime),MathTypewill
automaticallyrecognizestandardmathematicalfunctions,likesinandcos,
anddisplaythemusingtheFunctionstyle.Inaddition,MathTypewill
automaticallyinsertthinspacesaroundfunctions,accordingtotherulesof
mathematicaltypesetting.
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Ifyouwanttosetthestyleoftheverynextcharacteryoutype,MathType
providesafewhandykeyboardshortcutsthatwecalloneshots.Thebig
advantagetotheseshortcutsisthatyoudonthavetoswitchbacktoyour
previousstyleafteryoutypethecharacterMathTypewilldoitforyou!
Keystroke
COMMANDG
COMMANDB
COMMANDU
COMMANDOPTIONU
Greek
VectorMatrix
User1
User2
Typesizes
Terminology for Sizes
Although MathType
attaches a special
meaning to the term
typesizes, we
sometimes refer to them
simply as sizes. We
use typesize only
where needed to avoid
confusion.
Normally,MathTypewillautomaticallydeterminetheproperpointsizetouse
forthecharactersinyourequationsasyoucreatethem.Thisisunliketypical
wordprocessors,whereyounormallychooseaspecificpointsizeforyourtext.
MathTypedoesthisusingasystemoffivetypesizes(Full,Subscript,Sub
subscript,Symbol,orSubsymbol)thatitautomaticallyassignstocharacters,
basedontheirpositionintheequation.Oneoftheadvantagesofthisschemeis
thatyoucanchangethesizeofallyoursubscriptsandsuperscripts,forexample,
bysimplyassigningadifferentpointsizetotheSubscripttypesize.Formoreon
this,seeAutomaticSizeAssignmentslaterinthischapter.Likeallgood
software,MathTypeallowsyoutooverrideitsautomaticchoicesseeExplicit
SizeAssignmentslaterinthischapter.
Eachtypesizecanbedefinedeitherasaspecificpointsizeorasapercentageof
theFulltypesize.InMathTypesdefaultsettings,onlytheFulltypesizeis
actuallysettoaspecificpointsizetheothersaredefinedaspercentagesof
Full.Thisway,youcanchangetheoverallsizeofthetextinyourequationby
simplychangingtheFulltypesize(usingtheDefinecommandontheSizemenu).
Alltheothersizeswilladjustinproportion.Formostequations,youwillwantto
definetheFulltypesizetobethesamepointsizeasthebodytextofthe
documentforwhichtheyareintended.
ThefollowingsubsectionsdescribeeachofMathTypesseventypesizesandhow
theyareused:
Full typesize
Assignedtoordinarycharacterswithinmostslots.Thistypesizecorrespondsto
thesizeoftextinthebodyofyourwordprocessingdocument.
Subscript typesize
UsedforsubscriptsandsuperscriptsattachedtoFulltypesizecharacters.Also
usedinlimitsinintegrals,summations,andothertemplates.
Sub-subscript typesize
UsedforsubscriptsandsuperscriptstoSubscripttypesizecharactersorany
otherplaceasecondlevelofsizereductionisrequired.Alsousedforlimitslots
oftemplatesinsidethelimitsofothertemplates.Forexample,theSubsubscript
typesizewouldbeusedforasuperscriptoccurringwithinalimitofintegration.
Symbol typesize
Usedfortheoversizesymbolsinintegral,summation,andproducttemplates.
Sub-symbol typesize
UsedforoversizesymbolsinSubscripttypesizeslots.
99
User 2 typesize
Asecondgeneralpurposetypesize.
Formostequationtypingtasks,youwillallowMathTypetoautomaticallyassign
typesizestocharacters.Sometimesyoumightwanttoexplicitlyassigneithera
typesizeoranexplicitpointsizetocharacters,overridingMathTypesautomatic
typesizeassignments.Youdothisinmoreorlessthesamewayasinaword
processoryoucaneitherchangethecurrentsizetothedesiredonebeforeyou
begintyping,oryoucanassignatypesizeorpointsizetoselectedcharacters
afteryoutypethem.InbothcasesyouchoosethedesiredtypesizefromtheSize
menu(usingtheOthercommandforanexplicitpointsize).Ofcourse,thereare
keyboardshortcutsforalltheseoperations.
Spacing
MathTypesformattingalgorithmsarecontrolledbyanumberofspacing
dimensions,ormeasurements.Theseincludesubscriptdepth,numeratorheight
infractions,fractionbaroverhangthirtydimensionsinall.Youcanadjustthe
valuesofanyofthesedimensionsbyusingtheDefineSpacingcommandonthe
Formatmenu.Thiscommanddisplaysadialogthatletsyouscrollthroughthe
listofdimensionsandchangethevalueofanyofthem.Foreachdimension,it
displaysapictureillustratingtheaspectofequationformattingthatitcontrols.
100
Abbreviation
in
cm
pt
pi
ItsoftenagoodideatospecifyadimensionasapercentageofyourFull
typesize,becausethenyouwontneedtochangeitintheeventthatyouchange
typesizes.Asanexample,supposeyourFulltypesizeisdefinedas12points.If
yousetyourSubscriptDepthdimensionto25%,thenyoursubscriptswillbe
shifted3pointsbelowthebaseline,butifyoulaterchangeyourFulltypesizeto
10points,yoursubscriptswillbeshifteddownonly2.5points.
Equation Preferences
Thedefinitionsofallthestyles,sizes,andspacingusedinanequationare
referredtocollectivelyasequationpreferences.Theequationpreferencesused
tocreateanequationaresavedwiththatequation.Changesyoumakeusingthe
DefineStyles,Sizes,andSpacingdialogsinoneequationwillnotbereflectedin
equationsyouhavealreadycreated.However,ifyouleavetheUsefornew
equationsboxcheckedineachofthesedialogs,MathTypesavestheequation
preferencesinaspecialplace.Thenexttimeyoucreateanewequation,itwill
startoffwiththosepreferences.
Thereisamoreadvancedtechnique,discussedbelow,thatallowsyoutosave
equationpreferencesinafile.Youcanthenusethisfiletosetthepreferencesof
anyequationyoucreateinthefuture.
101
Loading Preference
FIles
You can also load a
preference file by
dropping its icon onto a
MathType window.
Double-clicking a
preference file also
loads the file. Both
methods only affect new
equations, not any open
MathType windows.
Theabilitytoquicklychangestyledefinitionsisthemostbasicexampleofthe
useofmultiplePreferencefiles.SupposeyougenerallywriteequationsinTimes,
butforaparticulartypeofdocumentyouwanttouseArialinstead.Youcan
createtwoPreferencefiles:oneinwhichtheText,Function,Variable,Vector
Matrix,andNumberstylesaredefinedasArial(withtheappropriatecharacter
styles),andtheotherinwhichthesestylesaredefinedasTimes.Then,usingthe
LoadPreferencescommand,youcanquicklysetupthedesiredstyledefinitions
foreithertypeofdocumentbychoosingthecorrespondingPreferencefile.
Default Preferences
Default Styles & Sizes
You can reset the styles,
sizes, or spacing
settings by clicking
Reset in the Define
Styles, Sizes, or
Spacing dialogs.
Sometimes,especiallyifyouareanewMathTypeuser,youmaywanttorestore
MathTypesstyles,sizes,andspacingtothesettingsthatwereinusethefirst
timeyouranit.Youcandothisforalloftheequationpreferencesatonceby
choosingLoadfromDefaultSettingsfromtheEquationPreferencessubmenuof
thePreferencesmenu.
102
Chapter 8
Advanced Formatting
Introduction
MathTypesautomaticformattingwillproducegoodresultsmostofthetime.
However,itsimpossibleforMathTypetoalwaysknowwhatyouintend,or
whatanequationmeans.Afterall,MathTypeisntamathematicianandhasnt
readyourentiredocument!Thischapterdescribessomeofthetechniquesthat
areavailablefordoingmoreadvancedformattingtasks.Italsodiscusses
MathTypesbuiltinfontandcharacterknowledgeandhowyoucanextendit.
Space Sizes
A thick space is exactly
twice as wide as a thin
space, so you can insert
a thick space by
pressing CONTROL
SPACE twice.
Keystroke
SHIFTSPACE
CONTROLOPTIONSPACE
CONTROLSPACE
CONTROLSHIFTSPACE
None
Alt. Keystroke
COMMANDK,0
COMMANDK,1
COMMANDK,2
COMMANDK,3
COMMANDK,4
Description
Zerospace
Onepointspace
Thinspace(sixthofanem)
Thickspace(thirdofanem)
Emspace(quad)
Insertingspacesexplicitlywilloverrideanyautomaticspacingthatmaybein
effectatthelocationwhereyouinsertthespaces.Youwillgetexactlythespacing
youinputexplicitly.Ifyouremovetheexplicitspaces,thentheautomatic
formattingwillgobackintoeffect.
Infullsizeslots,MathTypeusesthickspacesaroundrelationaloperatorssuchas
= and ,andaroundarithmeticoperatorssuchas + and ;thesespacesarenot
usedwhentheoperatorisinareducedsizeslotsuchasasubscript.Thinspaces
areoftenusedbetweenfunctionabbreviationsandtheirarguments,asin
y = log sin x .
103
Youshouldmanuallyinsertthinspacesbetweendifferentialsandothersymbols,
asin dy dx = r dr d. MathTypethinksthat dydx isdtimesytimesdtimesx,and
willnotinsertthethinspace,soyouhavetoinsertityourself.
YoumayalsohavetoadjustMathTypesspacingifyouliketowriteopen
intervalsintheform ]a,b[or [a,b[,ratherthan (a,b)or [a,b).Forexample,if
youtypeallthe[symbolsdirectlyfromthekeyboard,thespacinginaformula
like [ 0, 2[ = [ 0,1[ [ 1, 2[ willnotbecorrect.MathTypewillperformthespacing
correctlyifyouusethe template,ratherthantypingthebrackets.Similar
considerationsapplytoverticalbarsymbolsrepresentingabsolutevalue:ifyou
typethebarsascharactersfromthekeyboard,ratherthanusingthe template,
thenyoumayhavetoadjustthespacingyourself.
AnotherpossiblecauseofaspacingerroristypinganEnglishwordthatincludes
afunctionabbreviationwhileyourcurrentstyleisMath.Forexample,ifyoutry
totypethewordsingle,MathTypewillinterpretthisasthesineofgtimesl
timese,andwillproducesomethinglikesingleorsingle.Thelatterofthese
twomightbeacceptableifitwerenotforthethinspacethatwasinserted.You
canavoidthistypeofmistakebychoosingTextfromtheStylemenubeforeyou
begintypingaword.Alternatively,youcancorrectthesituationlaterby
selectingtheoffendingwordandthenchoosingtheTextcommandfromthe
Stylemenu.
Nudging
MathTypesNudgecommandsallowyoutoexercisefinecontroloverthe
placementofitemsinanequation.Tonudgeanitem,youselectit,andthenuse
oneofthefollowingcommands:
COMMAND
COMMAND
COMMAND
COMMAND
nudgestheselecteditemstotheleftbyonepixel
nudgestheselecteditemsupwardbyonepixel
nudgestheselecteditemstotherightbyonepixel
nudgestheselecteditemsdownwardbyonepixel
Theselecteditemsaremovedinsmallincrementsintheindicateddirection.The
sizeoftheincrementdependsonthecurrentdisplayscale.Ifyoureviewing
yourequationat100%scaletheincrementis1pt, 12 ptat200%, 14 ptat400%,and
1
8 ptat800%.Thesecommandsareforfineadjustmentsonlyifyounudge
thingstoofar,youmayhavetroubleselectingthem,andtheShowNestingview
willproduceconfusingresults.
104
Nudgecommandshavemanyuses.Bymovingonecharacterontopofanother,
youcanformoverstrikesandotherspecialcombinationsofcharacters,suchas
or .
YoucanalsouseNudgecommandstoimproveuponMathTypesbuiltin
kerningcapability:forexample,inanexpressionlikeLt,thesuperscriptmay
lookbetterifyoumoveitfurtherintothegapintheL.
TheNudgecommandscanbeespeciallyusefulwhenappliedtosymbolssuchas
bracketsandembellishmentsthatarepartsoftemplates.Recallthatthereisa
specialtechniqueforselectingsymbolsofthistype:holddowntheOPTIONkey
andclickonthesymbolwiththeverticalarrowpointer.Sometimesyoumay
wishtonudgeanembellishmenttoplaceitatthesameheightassomeotherone
nearby.
Althoughyoucanundonudging,youcanalsoreturnnudgeditemstotheir
original,unnudgedpositionsbyusingtheResetNudgecommandonthe
Formatmenu.TheResetNudgecommandcanbeusedatanytimeitisnot
necessarytochooseitimmediatelyafternudging.PriortochoosingtheReset
Nudgecommand,youmustselectthenudgeditemsyouwanttoreset.Selecting
itemsthatwerepreviouslynudgedusuallyrequireskeyboardtechniques.Use
theTABkeytocycletheinsertionpointuntilitlandsintheappropriateslot,and
thenholdtheSHIFTkeydownwhilemovingtheinsertionpointwiththearrow
keystoselectthedesireditems.
Fence Alignment
Fences
In mathematical
typesetting terminology,
fences is a collective
term used to refer to
enclosing characters like
parentheses, brackets,
and braces. By
extension, MathType
refers to templates
involving these
characters as fence
templates.
MathTypesfencealignmentfeatureallowsyoutoeasilyadjustthealignmentof
itemswithinfences(brackets,parentheses,braces,etc.).
Inmosttechnicalpublishing,fencesarecenteredwithrespecttothemathaxis
(theheightwherethehorizontalstrokesofminussignsandadditionsignsare
located)bothinsideandoutsideofthefence.Thisdoesntalwayslookexactly
thewayyouwantit,though.Forexample,thecasebelow:
A+ B
M + PR
3
Q
Thenumeratorintheaboveexpressionismuchtallerthanthedenominator,
resultinginalargewhitegapatthebottomoftheexpression.Togetridofthat
gap,youwillwanttochangethefencealignmentsettingofthebracetemplate.
Placeyourcursorsomewhereinsideofthebraceorselecttheentiretemplate,
andchoosetheFenceAlignmentcommandfromtheFormatmenu.
105
A+ B
M + A + B
A+ B
M+
M+
or H
P
R
P
R
or H
PR
3Q
3Q
3
Q
Changing Alignment
You can also change
alignment by placing the
insertion point inside the
fence template, and
typing COMMAND-SHIFTA. Use this keyboard
shortcut to rotate among
all three options,
stopping on the one that
looks best.
Noticethepositionsofthemathaxisoutsideofthebraces,themathaxisinside
ofthebraces,andthecenterofthebracecharacteritself.Eachchoicehasitsown
advantagesanddisadvantages,andthecorrectselectionwillmostlikelydepend
ontheexpressioninsidethebracesanditsrelationshipwiththerestofyour
equation.
Youcanalsochoosethefencealignmentsettingthatwillbeusedfornewfence
templatesusingtheFenceAlignmentcommand.Remember,nomatterwhich
fencealignmentsettingatemplatestartsoutwith,youcanstillchangeitlateron
atemplatebytemplatebasis.
YoucanincorporatespecialfontsintoyourequationsbyusingtheUser1and
User2styles,ortheOthercommandontheStylemenu.Assigningthefontto
oneoftheUserstylesisoftenthemoreconvenientapproach,becauseyoucan
thenaccessthefontbychoosingthecorrespondingstylefromtheStylemenu,
perhapsviaakeyboardshortcut.TheUser1andUser2stylesaredescribed
furtherinChapter7.
TheOthercommandontheStylemenuallowsyoutoassignanyfonttoselected
(orsubsequentlytyped)characters.Whenyouchoosethecommand,adialogbox
appearswithalistofavailablefonts.Yousimplyselectthedesiredfontandthen
choosetheOKbutton.Forexample,supposeyouwantedtoinsertthe
characterfromtheWingdingsfont.Thischaractercorrespondstothevkeystroke
inthisfont(seethenextparagraph).So,toinsertthecharacter,youwouldtypea
vandselectit,thenchooseOtherfromtheStylemenuandselectWingdings.
TheInsertSymbolcommandontheEditmenucanhelpyoudeterminethe
keystrokescorrespondingtocharactersinagivenfont.TheInsertSymboldialog
displaysatableofallthecharactersinaspecifiedfont.Whenyouclickona
character,thecorrespondingkeystrokeisindicatedintherighthandsideofthe
window.
106
Youcannotassignaspecifictypesizetoexpandingbracketsandbracesor
expandingintegrals;thesizesofthesecharacterscanonlybechangedusingthe
SmallerandLargercommands.
IfyouhavechangedthesizeofacharacterwiththeOther,SmallerorLarger
commands,youcanreverttothecharactersdefaultsizebyusingtheReset
commandontheSizemenu.Thisdisablestheexplicitsizeandmakesthe
characterssizecontrolledbythesettingsintheDefineSizesdialog.
107
108
MTCode or Unicode?
You may see the
MTCode value for
characters in several
places in MathType.
However, the value will
be labelled, if at all, by
Unicode. This is
because Unicode is the
more familiar term.
Those in the know will
remember that
MTCode would be a
more accurate label.
AkeycomponentinMathTypesrepresentationofitsfontandcharacter
knowledgeisitsuseofUnicode.Unicodeisasystemthatassignsaninteger
valuetoeverycharacterusedinthewrittenlanguagesoftheworld,plusmany
charactersthatareinuseinmathematicsandothertechnicaldisciplines.
ThebadnewsonUnicodeisthatitdoesntcomeveryclosetohaving
assignmentsforallthecharactersinuseinmathandscience.Thegoodnewsis
thattheUnicodeStandardprovidesaPrivateUseAreaarangeofvaluesthat
canbeusedbycompanieslikeDesignSciencetoassignastheyseefit.Wehave
extendedUnicodebyaddingallthemissingmathandsciencecharactersand
havenameditMTCode.MTCodeisasupersetofUnicodethatMathTypeuses
internallytorepresentallthecharactersthatareusedinitsequations.
SomeexamplesmayhelptomaketheMTCodeideamoreconcrete.Herearethe
MTCodevaluesforafewcharacters:
Character
MTCode value
0x0041
(Eurocurrencysymbol)
0x20AC
0x2191
0xE932
Afewthingstonoteabouttheseexamples:
Thevaluesareshowninhexadecimal(base16)notation.Thisiscustomaryin
theUnicodeworld.
ThevalueforAisthesameasitsvalueinASCII,astandardthathasbeenin
useformanyyearstorepresentcharactersincomputers.
109
Font Encodings
Manyfontsonyourcomputersharethesamearrangementofcharacters.For
example,inyourwordprocessorwhenyoupresstheAkeyyougetthefirst
letteroftheLatinalphabetwhetheryourcurrentfontisArialorTimes.Similarly,
hittingthesamekeywhenthecurrentfontisSymbolorEuclidSymbolwillgive
youaGreekalpha.Theconceptoffontencodingisusedtocapturethese
relationships.Anothercommontermthatmeansthesamethingischaracter
set.
InMathType,afontencodingisanamedtableofMTCodevalues,oneforeach
positioninthefontsthatsharetheencoding.Youcanseetheencoding
MathTypehasassignedtoeachfontonyourcomputerbyusingtheInsert
SymbolcommandontheEditmenu.
UsingtheInsertSymboldialog,youcanbrowseallthefontsavailableonyour
computer.ThisisalsothebestplacetoseeMathTypesfontandcharacter
knowledge.
OnceyouselectafontintheViewbysectionatthetopofthedialog,youcan
seethefontsencoding.Forthecharacterselectedinthegrid,youcanalsoseeits
110
Tabs
MathTypestabsworkroughlythesameasthosefoundinmostpopularword
processingapplications.Youchoosethetypeoftabyouwantbyclickingits
buttonontheRuler.Therearefivetabstoptypestochoosefrom:
Lefttab
Centertab
Righttab
Relationaltab
Decimaltab
Clickoneofthefivebuttonstochoosethetabstoptype,andthenclickinthe
areabelowtheRulerscaletosetthepositionofthetabstop.
Eachslotinanequationhasitsowntabstops.IfyoupressRETURNwithinaslot
orattheendofaline,youcreateapile.Thesametabstopsapplytoeverylinein
thepile.TheRulershowsonlythetabstopsbelongingtothecurrentslotorpile
(theonecontainingtheselectionorinsertionpoint).Toremoveatabstop,dragit
downwardsawayfromtheRuler.Tochangethelocationofanexistingtabstop,
justdragitalongtheRuler.ThesmallinvertedTmarksontheRuleraredefault
tabstops.
111
Left
Right
Center
Decimal
Relational
Leftendofgroup
Rightendofgroup
Centerofgroup
Firstdecimalpointingroup(orleftend)
Firstrelationaloperatoringroup(orleftend)
Thedecimalpointcharacterwillbeeitheraperiodoracomma,dependingon
yoursettingsintheInternationalSystemPreferencepanel(RegionalControl
PanelinOS9).Relationaloperatorsincludeequalssigns,inequalitysignslike<,
>,,,, ,andothersimilarsymbols,suchas,,.
Alignment Symbols
The symbolonthe
paletteisanalignmentsymbol.Ifyouplacean
alignmentsymbolwithinatabgroup,thenitisautomaticallyusedasthe
referencepositionforthatgroup,regardlessofwhattypeoftabstopyouused.In
otherwords,alignmentsymbolsoverrideallotherreferencepositions.Notethat
thissymbolonlyappearsintheequationintheMathTypewindow.Itwillnot
appearwhenprintedorinotherapplications.
112
InMathTypesFormatmenu,youwillseefivealignmentcommandsthatclosely
parallelthefivetabstoptypesdescribedabove.Insomecases,youmaybeable
tousethesecommandstoobtaintheformattingyouwantinsteadofusingtabs.
Forexample,ifyousimplywanttoaligntwoequationsattheirequalsigns,you
shouldusetheAlignat=command,ratherthanarelationaltabstop.You
shouldnottrytouseacombinationoftabstopsandalignmentcommandsto
formatthesameline.Asinawordprocessor,thetwoformattingmechanisms
interactwitheachotherinratherunpredictableways,andyouarenotlikelyto
gettheresultsyouwant.Tabsofanyofthefivetypeswillonlyworkpredictably
inlinesthatareleftaligned.
Appendix A
MathTypes Fonts
ThefollowingtablelistsMathTypesfonts.WevealsolistedSymbolalthough
thisfontisinstalledaspartoftheMacOS,notMathType.Fontchartsshowing
thevariousglyphsineachfontareavailableontheDesignSciencewebsite,or
youcanuseMathTypesInsertSymbolcommandtoviewtheglyphs.
Name
Style
Encoding
PostScriptname
Symbol
plain
Symbol
Symbol
MTExtra
plain
MTExtra
MTExtra
EuclidSymbol
plain
Symbol
EuclidSymbol
italic
EuclidSymbolItalic
bold
EuclidSymbolBold
bolditalic
EuclidSymbolBoldItalic
Euclid
plain
MacRoman
Euclid
italic
EuclidItalic
bold
EuclidBold
bolditalic
EuclidBoldItalic
EuclidExtra
plain
MTExtra
EuclidExtra
bold
EuclidExtraBold
EuclidFraktur
plain
EuclidFraktur
EuclidFraktur
bold
EuclidFrakturBold
EuclidMathOne
plain
EuclidMath1
EuclidMathOne
bold
EuclidMathOneBold
EuclidMathTwo
plain
EuclidMath2
EuclidMathTwo
bold
EuclidMathTwoBold
EncodingisthenameMathTypegivestothearrangementofcharactersinthe
font.EuclidSymbolandSymbolhavethesameencoding,asdoMTExtraand
EuclidExtra.PostScriptnameisonlysignificantwhenworkingwith
EncapsulatedPostScriptfilesorotherPostScriptenvironments.
113
114
Index
Index
A
AdobeAcrobat,61,80,93
AdobeFrameMaker,71,73,83,84
AdobeIllustrator,82
AdobeInDesign,71,73,83,84
AdobePageMaker,71,73,83,84
AdobePhotoshop,82
AdobeTypeManager,8
Alignment,54
at=,38
atdecimalpoints,55
baseline,72
center,38
commands,112
fences,105
matrices,41
right,38
symbol,38,112
usingtabs,111
AMSLaTeX,66
AMSTeX,66
Antialiasing,60,61,74
AppleWorks,81
Arrowkeys,14,16
nudging,104
ATM.SeeAdobeTypeManager
Automaticstyleassignment,97
B
Barembellishment,28
Bars,13
Baselineofanequation,72
Binaryoperators,40
Blackboardcharacters,97
Boldtype,39,97
Braces,27
Brackets,104
aligning,105
C
CascadingStyleSheets,93
ChangeMatrixcommand,41
Chapternumbers,48
Chapter/Sectionbreaks,48
Characterformatting,106,107
Characterstyle,95
explicitassignment,98
Charactersubstitution,98
Classic,8
Clipboard,69
Color,30,84
GIFbackground,61
COMMANDkey,19
ComputerModernfonts,108
Controlclick,14
CSS,93
Curlybrackets,27
CustomizeKeyboard,62
D
DefaultPreferences,102
DefineSizescommand,51,83,101
DefineSpacingcommand,100,105
DefineStylescommand,42
Definiteintegral,36
Delkey,14
Deletekey,14
DesignScience,4
Documents
movingbetweenplatforms,84
Doubleclick
editingequations,29
selecting,18
Draganddrop,71
DragandDrop,40
inbrowser,89
Drawingprograms,82
E
EditColorMenucommand,84
Editingequationsindocuments,29
EGO,69
Embellishments
inserting,28
selecting,28
EncapsulatedPostScriptfiles.See
EPSfiles
Enterkey,18
EPSfiles,2,71,73
115
116
explicitassignment,98
gothiccharacters,108
primary,42,95,102
usedinstyles,95
Formattingequations.SeeSpacing
Fractionbaroverhang,100
Fractions,22
case,23
fullsize,23
reducedsize,23
FrameMaker.SeeAdobe
FrameMaker
Fulltypesize,83,99
Functionrecognition,32,97
Functionstyle,31,96
G
GIFfiles,2,60,69,73,74
movingbetweenplatforms,84
resolution,61
Gothiccharacters,97,108
Greekcharacters,25,35
Greekstyle,96
H
Hardware,7
Help,4
HTML,60
baselineadjustment,93
generatingforGIF,61
HTMLcode,93
Hyphen,98
I
Illustrator.SeeAdobeIllustrator
Importingequations
asfiles,73
InDesign.SeeAdobeInDesign
Inlineequation,46,72
InsertObjectcommand,70
InsertSymbolcommand,55,106,
108,110
Insertingequations
intodocuments,69
usingCut&Paste,70
usingDraganddrop,71
Insertionpoint,12
Index
moving,16,17
InstallingMathType,7
Integrals,36
expanding,36
Intervals,104
Italiccharacters,96
K
Kerning,105
Keyboardnotation,14
Keyboardshortcuts,19,62
displayedinStatusBar,62
spaces,103
styleofnextcharacter,97
styles,98,100
symbols,15
symbolsinotherfonts,57
templates,16
twokeyshortcuts,19
Keynote,83
L
LargeTabbedBar,33
Largercommand,107
LaTeX,63,81
Leading,38
Limsup,37
Linespacing,39,52,79
M
Markuplanguages,63,81
Mathstyle,95,97
MathML,63,66,82,89
MathPage,58,87
MathTypeLite,8
MathTypetoolbar,13
MathTypewindow,12
MathZoom,60,89
Matrices,39
addingordeletingrowsand
columns,41
editing,41
Memory,9
Metafiles.SeeWMFfiles
MicrosoftPowerPoint,83
MicrosoftWord,10,74
advancedequationnumbering,
49
AutoCorrectcommand,76
convertingdocumentstoTeX,81
creatingWebpages,58
EQfields,78
InsertSymbolcommand,76
insertingsymbols,90
linespacing,52,79
masterdocuments,91
movingdocumentsbetween
computers,80
settingupdocuments,51
styles,51
MicrosoftWordcommands,75
chapter/sectionbreakexample,
48
chapter/sectionbreaks,77
convertingequations,78
equationnumberformat,76
equationnumberformats
example,49
equationnumbering,76
equationnumberingexample,45
exporttoMathPage,87
exportingequations,79
exportingequationsexample,66
formattingequations,52
insertequationreference,46
insertingequations,75
settingequationpreferences,51,
77
Minussign,25
unary,40
Mousenotation,14
Movingdocumentsbetween
platforms,84
N
Nesting.SeeShowNesting
Nudgecommands,28,104
resetting,105
Numberstyle,97
Numberingequations,45,72,76
Numberingfiles,74
Numeratorheight,100
117
ObjectLinkingandEmbedding.See
OLE
OLE,69
Insertingobjects,70
Operators
unaryandbinary,40
OS9,7
OSX,7,8
Overheads,83
Overstrikes,105
Savingpreferencefiles,101,102
Sectionnumbers,48
Sections,48
Selecting
bracketsandbraces,18
doubleclicking,18
embellishments,18
itemsinanequation,18
summationandintegralsigns,18
withtheArrowkeys,18
Selection,12
Shortcuts.SeeKeyboardShortcuts
ShowAll,53
ShowNesting,24
Size
defining,101
Full,99
ofindividualcharacters,107
Other,107
Subscript,99
Subsubscript,99
Subsymbol,99
symbol,99
User1andUser2,100
Slides,83
Slot,12
SmallBar,32
Smallercommand,107
Spacesymbols,103
SPACEBAR,15
Spacing
advancedformatting,103
automatic,22
betweenlines,38,52
defining,100
emspace,37
inPreferencefiles,102
insertingspaces,37
Squareroots,22
StatusBar,12,62,98
Style,95
automaticassignment,97
character,95
DefineStylesdialog,42
explicitassignment,98,100
P
PageMaker.SeeAdobePageMaker
Pantonecolors,84
PDFfiles.SeeAdobeAcrobat
PDFMaker,81
Photoshop.SeeAdobePhotoshop
PICTfiles,69,71,73
Pile,18,38,54
PostScriptfonts,8
PowerPoint.SeeMicrosoft
PowerPoint
Preferencefiles
installed,102
loading,102
saving,101
TeXappearance,102
Presentationapplications,83
Primaryfont,42,95,102
Q
QuarkXPress,71,73,83,84
R
Recognitionoffunctions,32,97
Redocommand,21
Referencestoequations,46
ResetNudgecommand,105
Resizing
equations,71
fences,107
summationsigns,107
Returnkey,14,16,18
Rightclick,14
Ruler,14,54,111
118
Index
Function,31,43,96
Greek,96
inPreferencefiles,102
Math,95
Number,97
onecharactershortcuts,98
Other,106
Symbol,96
Text,95
User1andUser2,97
Variable,44,96
VectorMatrix,39,97
Styledefinitions
savingandloading,101
Styles,41,51
Subscriptdepth,100
Subscripttypesize,99
Subsubscripttypesize,99
Subsymboltypesize,99
SymbolPalettes,13
Symbolstyle,96
Symboltypesize,99
Symbols
additional,108
insertingindocuments,76
searchingfor,57
Systemrequirements,7
T
Tab
character,111
groups,112
key,16
TabStops,111
TDLfiles,66
TechnicalSupport,4
TemplatePalettes,13
Templates
exponent,25
inserting,16
replaceselectionvs.wrapping,
34
superscripts,25
TeX,63,81
AMSLaTeX,66
AMSTeX,66
TeXappearance,108
Text
inequations,31
style,53,95
typing,14
Toolbar,13
changingsizeoficons,13
customizing,33
deletingitems,35
editingexpressions,34
expressionproperties,63
keyboardshortcuts,35,63
rearrangingcontents,34
TranslatorDefinitionLanguage,66
Translators,64,81
modifying,66
Transparency
GIFfile,61
Typesize,99
Full,99
ofindividualcharacters,107
Subscript,99
Subsubscript,99
Subsymbol,99
Symbol,99
User1andUser2,100
Typesizes
inPreferencefiles,102
Typing,14
U
Unaryoperators,40
Undocommand,21
Unicode,109
Unitabbreviations,101
Unitsofmeasurement,101
UpdateEquationNumbers
command,47
User1andUser2styles,97
User1andUser2typesizes,100
V
Variablestyle,44,96
VectorMatrixstyle,39,97
Verticalbarsymbols,104
Verticalbartemplate,39
Viewgraphs,83
119
120
Website(MathType),4
Windows,80,84,85
Word.SeeMicrosoftWord
X
XML,66