KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND BEHAVIOR OF ABORTION PATIENTS Dr.

MOHAMMAD
HOESIN GENERAL HOSPITAL PALEMBANG

ABSTRACT
Objective: To determine the knowledge, attitudes and behaviors toward abortion patients in the
Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital Palembang.
Methods: descriptive analytic method by cross sectional data collection to determine the
knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors toward abortion in patients at Hospital Dr. Mohammad
Hoesin Palembang. The research was conducted February 1, 2014 until November 30, 2014.
How to take a sample with concecutive sampling method, retrieval of data from the
questionnaire.
Results: There were 422 respondents 359 respondents had never experienced abortion and 63
respondents had experienced abortion. Of the 422 respondents, 341 people less well
knowledgeable and respondents with good knowledge consist of 81 people. Negative attitude
respondents as much as 162 people and 260 people a positive respondents attitude. In this study,
a p value of 0.888 means that there is no significant difference between good and less good
knowledge with the incidence of abortion. In this study, a p value of 0.929 means there is no
significant difference between the negative and positive attitude with the incidence of abortion in
the hospital Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang. Of the 63 people who had experienced a
spontaneous abortion or having unintentional reason

consist of 57 people (90%), medical

indication 4 people (6.3%) and family wishes, itself, and others consist of 2 people (3.2%).
Conclusion: Most of respondents knowledge is less knowledgeable and positive response. There
is no significant difference between good and less good knowledge with the incidence of
abortion, and there was no significant difference between negative and positive attitude with the
incidence of abortion in the hospital Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang

Keywords: Knowledge, attitudes, behavior, abortion

Preface
Abortion is the interruption of a pregnancy before the fetus can live outside the uterus or before
20 weeks gestation or fetal weight less than 500 grams. Spontaneous abortion is the abortion that
happen spontaneously. Abortus provocatus is a type of abortion that deliberately done by ending
a pregnancy before the fetus can survive outside the mother's body. Abortus provocatus consists
of Abortus provocatus medicinalis that performed on medical indications and Abortus provocatus
criminalist that performed without medical indication and is prohibited by law. Unsafe abortions
prevalence in Indonesia reached 2.3 million annually measures, about 13% ended in death. The
case of abortion in General Hospital (Dr) Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang is the 10 th major
diseases Oncology and Gynecology in 2012 obtains the figure of 139 cases and 932 cases of
gynecologic oncology diseases, so the incidence of abortion is 1.49% of the cases. Factors that
can increase the incidence of abortion are less knowledge about reproductive health and religion,
low social support, marital problems, economic problems, unstable mental condition, unwed,
pregnant due to rape, the existence of an employment contract, a genetic disorder , abnormalities
of reproductive organs.
Every woman should have the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors are right about abortion.
This study aimed to gain an overview of the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors toward
abortion, and to determine the relationship of knowledge and attitudes toward abortion in
hospital patients Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang.

Method
Descriptive analytic design method by cross sectional data collection to determine the
knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors toward abortion in patients at Hospital Dr. Mohammad
Hoesin Palembang. The study was conducted February 1, 2014 until November 30, 2014. How
to take a sample with concecutive method of sampling, data collection questionnaire. Inclusion
criteria were patients at the Hospital Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang were willing to
participate in the study, the patients were in good condition, patients who are not undergoing
more than 2 hours, filling properly informed consent, fill out a questionnaire to complete.
Exclusion criteria is a patient who is not willing to participate in rehis search.

Results
The research was conducted from February 1, 2014 until 30 November 2014. During the study
period was obtained 422 respondents who meet the inclusion criteria of the study consisted of
359 people who have never experienced abortion and 63 people who have experienced abortion.

A. General characteristics
1. Age
Age

Percentage

< 20 yr

26

2.2

20-35 yr

305

72.3

>35 yr

91

21.6

Total

422

100.0

From the table it can be seen from the 422 respondents, largest group of respondents were aged
20-35 years, consist of 305 people (72.3%) and the smallest group aged <20 years consist of 26
persons (2.2%).

2. Parity
Parity

Percentage

1(Premipara)

160

37.9

2-5 (Multipara)

249

59.0

>5 (Grandemultipara)

13

3.1

Total

422

100.0

From the table it can be seen from the 422 respondents, multiparous were the largest group that
consist 249 (59.0%) people and the smallest group were grandemultipara, 13 people (3.1%).

3. Work
Job

Percentage

366

86.7

Government Employees

1.9

Private Employees

24

5.7

Enterpreneur

0.9

Farmer

14

3.3

Other

1.4

Total

422

100.0

Unemployed

From the table it can be seen from the 422 respondents, largest group of respondents that did not
work/unemployed consist of 366 people (86.7%), and the smallest were self-employed, 4 people
(0.9%)

4. Education
Education

Total

Uneducated

0.9

Unfinished elementary
school

1.4

Elementary School

62

14.7

Junior High School

60
14.2

Senior High Schol

260

61.6

University

30

7.1

Total

422

100.0

From the table it can be seen the largest group of 422 respondents were senior high school level
that consist of 260 persons (61.6%) and the smallest , uneducated, consist of 4 peoples (0.9%).

5. Income
Income

Perccentage

Less-income

48

11.4

Well-income

374

88.6

Total

422

100.0

In the table it can be seen that the largest group of 422 respondents were well-income consist of
374 (88.6%) and the smallest group were less-income, consist of 48 persons (11.4%).

6. Domicile
Domicile

Percentage

Palembang

247

58.5

Outside Palembang

175

41.5

Total

422

100.0

In the table it can be seen that the largest group of 422 respondents were residing in Palembang
consist of 247 people (58.5%) and the smallest group were outside Palembang as much as 175
people (41.5%).

B. Distribution of Respondents by Knowledge Level

Knowledge Level

Percentage

Less knowledge

341

80.8

Good knowledge

81

19.2

Total

422

100.0

From the table it can be seen from the 422 respondents, who were less knowledge as much as
341 people (80.8%) and who have a good level of knowledge consist of 81 people (19.2%).

C. Distribution of Respondents by Attitude

Attitude

n
Percentage

Negative

162

38.4

Positive

260

61.6

Total

422

100.0

From the table it can be seen from the 422 respondents who act negatively consist of162 people
(38.4%), while the positive were 260 people (61.6%).

D. Distribution of Respondents by Abortion History

a. History of Abortion
Abortion

Percentage

No Abortion

359

85.1

Abortion

63

14.9

Total

422

100

From the table it can be seen from 422 respondents there were respondents who never had
abortion consist of 359 people (85.1%) while the other one consist of 63 people (14.9%).

b. Cause of Abortion
Cause of Abortion

Percentage

Spontaneous

58

92

Medical indication

6.3

Deliberate

1.6

Total

63

100.0

From the table it can be seen from 63 respondents the highest causes of abortion were
spontaneous which consist of 58 people (92%), and the smallest one were deliberate which
consist of 1 person (1.6%)

c. Reason of Abortion
Reason

Persen

Unwanted pregnancy

6.3

Own will

3.2

Medical rpoblem

57

90.5

Total

63

100.0

From the table it can be seen from 63 respondents, biggest reasons of abortion were medcial
problems as many as 57 people (90.5%) and the smallest were own will which consist of 2
(3.2%) people.

d. Place of Abortion
Place

Percentage

House

11.1

Puskesmas

4.8

Hospital

48

76.2

Private clinic

1.9

Total

63

100.0

From the table it can be seen from 63 respondents, many respondents abortion take place in the
hospital, which consist of 48 persons (76.2%), and the smallest one in Puskesmas 3 (4.8%)
person.

e. Helper
Helper

Percentage

Doctor

50

79.4

Midwife

10

15.9

Shaman

1.6

Self

3.2

Total

63

100.0

From the table it can be seen from t=63 respondents who helped the abortion were doctor, which
consist of 50 people (79.4%) and the smallest one helped by shaman consist of 1 (1.6%) person.

f. Complication of Abortion
Complication

Percentage

Bleeding

3.2

Doesnt know

61

96.8

Total

63

100.0

From the table it can be seen from 63 respondents that experienced complications from the
abortion, 61 people (96.8%) doesnt know the complication and the smallest one is bleeding as
much as 2 people (3.2%).

E. Knowledge Respondents Relationship With Abortion

Knowledge Level

Abortion
Yes

0.888

No

Less-good

50

14.7

291

85,3

341

100

Good

13

16.0

68

84

81

100

From the table it can be seen poor level of knowledge of the mother who never had abortus
consist of 291 people (85.3%) while 50 people (14.7%) had abortion, while mothers that never
had abortion that has a good level of knowledge consist of 84 people (81% ) and that once had
abortion consist of 13 people (16%). In this study, p = value of 0.888 means that there is no
significant relationship between the knowledge with the incidence of abortion in the General
Hospital Dr. Mohammad Hoesin

F. Attitude Respondents Relationship With Abortion

Attitude

Abortion
Yes

0,929

No

25

15,4

137

84,8

162

100

38

14,6

222

85,4

260

100

From the table it can be seen mothers with negative attitude and never had abortion consist of
137 (84.8%) and mothers who have abortions consist of 25 persons (15.4%). On the positive
respondents who never had abortion are 222 people (85.4%) and mothers who had abortion were
38 people (14.6%). In this study, a p value of 0.929 means there is no significant difference
between the incidence of abortion with a negative attitude and positive mothers in the General
Hospital Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang.

Discussion

Proportion of mothers who lack the level of knowledge of both the mother who never abortion
that 291 people (85.3%), while a good one consist of 68 people (84%). Mothers who have
abortions that have a poor level of knowledge consist of 50 people (14.7%) and good level of
knowledge 13 people (16%). From the 422 respondents that has obtained the highest category of
knowledge is less knowledge which consist of 291 people (85.3%) with upper secondary
education 61.6%, it is thus the mother's level of knowledge about pregnancy and abortion is still
lacking, so people do not realize that she was pregnant, so they less keep their pregnancy and
sometimes take abortion deliberately that will endangering the mother and fetus. The low level of
knowledge of the mother is usually influenced by a person's level of education, and lack of
information about health in pregnancy and abortion. Of the 422 respondents who had
experienced abortion were 63 people (14.9%) with a good level of knowledge about 50 people
(14.7%) and most have upper secondary education level 63.5%. The linkage results of this study
with other studies that are not within their committed by Soeprapto and Moeloek on research at
Dr Cipto Mangunkusomo 1983 jakrta produce conclusions higher education level, the better the
level of knowledge of someone, the greater someone to do a deliberate abortion. The results of
these studies indicate that there are significant between education, knowledge provocatus
abortion incidence rate. Results theory raised by Notoatmodjo (2011) that knowledge is the result
of "know" and this happened after people perform sensing occurs through human senses is the
sense of sight, hearing, smell, taste and touch. Most human knowledge gained through the eyes
and ears. Based on this research analyzes the level of knowledge of the 422 respondents about
abortion is still lacking and this is because there is a lack of experience and access to the
information obtained respondent. To overcome these problems need to be held counseling and
training so that people can gain knowledge about pregnancy and abortion and apply this
knowledge in their daily lives. In addition, open access to information and the widest breadth of
information will have an impact on a person's knowledge about pregnancy and abortion.
Although someone has a low education but if he get good information from a variety of media
such as TV, radio or newspaper so it can increase a person's knowledge. Through good
knowledge, the information received is also good in keeping kehamilanya and not prejudice the
abortion action deliberately and will keep her pregnancy against abortion.
In this study, p = value of 0888 means that there is no difference in the percentage incidence
of abortion by the mother's knowledge or no meaningful or significant differences between the

knowledge of good and less good with the incidence of abortion in the General Hospital Dr.
Mohammad Hoesin Palembang in 2014. Based on the analysis of this study, that the mother's
knowledge about abortion factor had no effect on the incidence of aborus in General Hospital Dr.
Mohammad Hoesin Palemban this was due to the possible causes of abortion itself is not because
of the level of knowledge of the mother is not good but because of the possibility of other causes
such as genetic disorders or abnormalities of the internal genital organs in the mother itself so
that there is no significant difference between mothers who lack the knowledge level well and
good on the incidence of abortion in RSMH Palembang.
Based on this study, mothers negative attitude and never experienced an incident of abortion
are 137 (84.8%) whereas the mothers positive attitude are 222 people (85.4%). On respondents
who had experienced abortion and have negative attitude are 25 people (15.4%), and positive
one are 38 persons (14.6%). Based on research that has been done, 359 respondents who never
abortion and 63 respondents who had abortion were more positive than negative attitude. This is
in line with the results of the entire study Tinceuli sinaga responden have a positive attitude
(good) about the dangers of abortion for reproductive health. And the results of this study are
also consistent with the results of research conducted by Mohammad (2012) in SMA 1 Manado,
from 95 respondents as many as 54 people (56.8%) had a positive attitude (good), 36 people
(37%) had moderate and 5 people (5.3%) negative attitude (not good)
Some attitude can be either positive attitude tend to avoid, hate and do not like a particular
object while a negative attitude in the form of the action closer, please, approve and expect a
certain object. In this study, no significant association between a positive attitude or a negative
attitude to the incidence of abortion in the hospital Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang, it
dikarnakan possible causes of abortion because abortion is not deliberate but due to spontaneous
abortion or unintentional that may be caused by genetic abnormalities or organ associated with
pregnancy.
According Sarwono, 2006 based on the results of the study when it is found more mothers
who experienced abortion, and the results of that study are not consistent with the theory, this
could be due to factors that have been shown to significantly imunologic can cause spontaneous
abortion among other antinuclear antibodies, lupus and antibody antikoogulan kardolipin which
causes the destruction of vascular thrombosis, and distruksi placenta. Newcomb stated that the

attitude of readiness or willingness to act, and not the conduct of a particular motif. Attitude is
not an action or activity, but is predisposes action. Attitude is a form of evaluation or a reaction
to an object, favoring or not favoring that a certain regularity in terms of feelings (affective),
thinking (cognition) and predisposition action (konasi) a person against an aspect in the
surrounding environment. These three components together form a unified stance in the
formation of this whole attitude, knowledge, thinking, beliefs, and emotional plays a very
important. Indeed, the relationship between attitudes and actions are very complex and obscure.
People can behave contrary to his attitude, and can also change his attitude after the
corresponding change actions. So there should be no change in the attitude of absolute first, there
is a change of behavior. However, it is not absolutely be said that the change in attitude is the
springboard for a change attitude.
Component behavior according Ambarwati (2012) consists of components of knowledge
(cognitive), attitudes (affective) and skills (psychomotor) or action. Abortion history is a history
of previous abortion can affect the growth of the next conception. Research results Wiwian et al
in hospital earth mother and child Napier in 2011, showed that women with a history of previous
abortion experiencing spontaneous abortion by 25 respondents (34.7%), whereas mothers who
no history of abortion there are 47 people (65.3% of the analytical results odds Ratio (OR) with
95% CL obtained value OR = 2,532. this means that pregnant women with a history of previous
miscarriage risk 3,723 times experienced abortions compared to women who did not have a
history of abortion.
According Prawirohardjo (2009) that in patients with a history of abortion abortion
predisposes to recurrent miscarriage, kejadianya approximately 3-5% of the study data show that
the first time abortion couples have a 15% risk of miscarriage again, while if ever 2 times the
risk will increase 25 %. Some studies predict that the risk of abortion after abortion 3 times
consecutively is 30-45%.
In this study, the proportion of mothers who have abortions are numbered 63 persons
(14.9%) and who have never experienced abortion is 359 people (85.1%). Of the 63 people who
experienced a spontaneous abortion or having unintentional reason 57 people (90%), medical
indication 4 people (6.3%) and desired by their family, itself, others consist of 2 people (3.2%).
Many factors influence the knowledge, attitudes and human behavior, including morality,

religion, socio-economic conditions, psychiatric conditions mothers, the level of acceptance of

the pregnancy, the threat of law. In a retrospective study in RS. Hasan Sadikin-Bandung in 1072
cases of abortion, and in the hospital. Dr Cipto Mangunkusumo in 711 cases in 1973 to 1974, it
turns out that between 10% to 35% of whom are unmarried. Research in Indonesia in 1973-1974,
amounting to 1.4% of cases of abortion performed on women without children living owned. A
total of 41.6% of cases of abortion performed on women parity 5 or more. Soeprapto and
Moeloek 1983 on research dirs. Dr Cipto Mangunkusumo found that more than a third of
abortions performed on women with two children live. Actions are prohibited by law abortion
facilitated by the presence of drugs that can be used to menggurkan content results that are sold
in stores drugs and their place - a place that can be asked for help as didukun or in clinics that
provide services to prejudice the content illegally.
Although the actm there is a clause that allows a physician doing the abortion even on
medical indication to save the lives of mothers, in practice doctors who do not punished, if he
can put forward a good reason and that reason is accepted by the judge (Article 48 ). In addition
to the Book of Penal, artificial abortion illegal is also regulated in the Law of the Republic of
Indonesia Number 23 of 1992 on Health. While in the country of Hungary has legalized abortion
because they act as such the number of deaths due to abortion and complication declined sharply
in the period 1946 to 1970 maternal mortality ratio due to legal abortion and dark decreased to
between 0 versus 160 to 1 to 16 each year. More than half the world's population live in countries
that have legalized abortion on demand or action on various social pretexts.

Conclusion
Prevalence of abortion in the city of Palembang on average age of 20-35 years. At the General
Hospital Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang by 10 major diseases in Oncology and Gynecology
Obstetrics and Gynecology Installation in 2012 found 139 cases of abortion figures of 932 cases
of the disease and Gynecology Oncology, so the incidence of abortion is 1.49% of the cases.
The cause of abortion in the General Hospital Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang was not
due to the level of public knowledge on the health of the pregnancy and abortion are still lacking,
and the lack of access to public information but is likely due to genetic abnormalities and

abnormalities of the internal genital organs or the other that there is no significant hungan
between patients' knowledge level on the incidence of abortion
The proportion of respondents positive attitude or disagree with abortion in women who
have never abortion and abortion are never as large when compared to the proportion of mothers
negative attitude on both the respondent but not statistically significantly different.
Of the 63 people who experienced a spontaneous abortion or having unintentional reason
consist of 57 people (90%), medical indication 4 people (6.3%) and desire of family, itself,
others consist of 2 people (3.2%). Prevention of abortion requires improved levels of knowledge
about pregnancy and abortion with open access to the greatest possible extent the information
society is expected to increase the level of public knowledge of the pregnancy and abortion. In
patients at the General Hospital Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang causes of abortion not only
because of the level of knowledge that is lacking but because of the possibility of genetic
disorders or abnormalities of the reproductive organs. The government can create a policy that
takes into account health and education about pregnancy and abortion on society both in formal
and informal education and equip hospital facilities and infrastructure to support further
examination to determine the cause of abortion in the General Hospital Dr. Mohammad Hoesin
Palembang. For non-intentional abortion on medical indications it is necessary to repair the level
of knowledge and moral as well as supervision of the family, school and community, in addition
to covering aspects of religion and morals, should include an adequate reproductive education
about the effects of pregnancy are at risk for abortion. Health workers should be equipped with
knowledge about the health of the pregnancy, abortion, birth control so that the officer can
provide adequate counseling and information for the community and their families and have the
ability to diagnose and handle against recurrent abortion. Officers also are not only capable of
handling medical consequences but also the psychosocial impact.

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