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Indian Standard
( Reaffirmed 1996 )
DIFFERENTIAL
UTX 621.316.925.2
@ Coplright1976
BUREA?
OF
INDIAN
STANDARDS
MARG
NEWDELHIllMXY2
Doceder 1976
.
IS : 3842( Part X ) - 1976
Indian Standard
APPLICATION GUIDE FOR
ELECTRI~AL~RELAY~ FOR AC SYSTEMS
PART X
DIFFERENTIAL
Representing
University of Roorkee, Roorkee
Members
Tamil Nadu Electricity Board, Madras
&RI N. S. S. AROKIASWAMY
SHRI T. V. SUBRAMANIAM
(\ Alternatr )
Maharashtra State Electricity Board, Bombay
SHRI M. M. BANDRE
Directorate
General
of Supplies and Disposals
SHRI G. R. BHATIA
( Inspection Wing), New Delhi
DEPUTY
DIRECTOR
STANDARDS Railway Board, New Delhi
( TI ), RDSO, LUCKNOW
ASSISTANT DIRECTOR STANDARDS( RELAYS ). ( Alternate )
Central Electricity Authority, New Delhi
DIRECTOR ( CIP )
Universal Electrics Limited, 24 Parganas
SHRI A. K. GHOSE
SHRI C. GHOSE ( Alternate )
National Test House, Calcutta
SHRI B. P. GHOSH
SHRI S. GOVINDAPPA
Karnataka Electricity Board, Bangalore
Haryana State Electricity Board, Chandigarh
SHRI B. R. GUPTA
SHRIJ. C. JUNE~A ( Alternate)
Larsen & Toubro Limited, Bombay
SHRI I. C. JOSEPH
Bombay Electric Supply & Transport Undertaking,
SHRI A. D. LIMAY~
Bombay
SHRI A. M. KELKAR ( Alterna/e)
SHR~MATA PRASAD
U.P. State Electricity Board, Lucknow
SHRI N. NATH
English Electric Co of IndiaLtd, Madras
SIIRI J. S. NECI
Jyoti Limited, Vadodara
SHRI V. B. DESAI ( Alternate )
SHRI S. T. PATEL
ASEA Electric India Pvt Ltd, Bombay
SHRI V. RAGHUPATI( Alternate )
SHR~ V. RADHAKRISHNAN
Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd, Bhopal
.
SHRI M. R. NANDESHWAR( Alternate )
( Continued on page 2 )
@ Copvright 1976
BUREAU
OF INDLW STANDARDS
This publication is protected under the Indian Copyright Act (XIV
of 1957) and
reproduction in whole or in part by any means except with written permission of the
publisher shall be deemed to be an infringement of copyright under the said Act.
Members
Directt:;te
SHRI K. N. RAMASWAMY
SHRI R. K. GUPTA (Ahnate
General of Technical
Development,
New
SHBJ P. RANGASWA~XY
Scnetaty
SHKI VIJAI
Deputy Director ( Elec tech ), IS1
Indian Standard
APPLICATION GUIDE FOR
ELECTRICAL RELAYS FOR AC SYSTEMS
PART X
0.
DIFFERENTIAL
F-OREWORD
0.1 This Indian Standard ( Part X ) was adopted by the Indian Standards
Institution on 27 July 1976, after the draft finalized by the Relays
Sectional Committee had been approved by the Electrotechnical Division
Council.
0.2 Modern power systems are designed to provide uninterrupted electrical
supply, yet the possibility of failure cannot be ruled out. The protective
relays stand watch and in the event of failures, short circuits or abnormal
operating conditions help de-energise the unhealthy section of the power
system and restrain interference with the remainder of it and thus limit
damage to equipment and ensure safoty of personnel.
They are also used
to indicate the type and location of failure so as to assess the effectiveness of
the protective schemes.
0.3 The features
following:
which
the protective
relays
should
possess are
the
a) Reliability, that is, to ensure correct action even after long periods
of inactivity and also to offer repeated operation under severe
conditions;
b) Selectivity, that is, to ensure that only the unhealthy part of the
system is disconnected;
c) Sensitivity, that is, detection of short-circuit or abnormal operating conditions;
d) Speed to prevent and minimise damage and risk of instability of
rotating plant; and
e) Stability, that is, the ability to operate only under those conditions that call for its operation and to remain either passive or
~biased against operation under all other conditions.
0.4 Transverse differential protection system falls in the clas$ of unit
protection and is generally applied for circuits of a parallel group. This
protection system compares the currents at the same ends of two or more
3
Application
relays
relays
for
relays for ac
relays for
relays for
Application
guide for electrical
IS : 3842 ( Part XII )-1976
ac systems: Part XII Differential relays for transformers
relays for
of relays covered by
2. TERMINOLOGY
2;O For the purpose of this guide the definitions given in IS : 1885
( Part IX )-1966t and IS : 1885 ( Part X )-1968$ shall apply.
3. TRANSVERSE
DIFFERENTIAL
SYSTEMS
3.0 There are generally the following two types of relays available
transverse differential systems:
a) High impedance type circulating currentrelays,
for the
and
CURRENT
TRANSFORMER
,yUNGER
CURRENT
RELAYS
.i
~DIRECTIONAL
RELAYS
i
NORMALLY
CONTACT
OPEN
\
CLOSEDCONTACT
END A
END
END
%
2A TWO
END
PARALLEL
CIRCUITS
26 THREE
FIG. 2
NEED
PARALLEL
CIRCUITS
FORDIRECTIONUFBATUIU
ONE
PHASE
SHOWN
RELAY
STABILIZING
RESISTOR-
FIG. 3
Where
7
h = induced
x=
reactance
FIG. 4
3.2.2.1
The protection
will operate
if the unbalance
current
is more
REQUIREMENTS
APPENDIX
( Clause 4.2 )
CALCULATION
A-l.
OF RELAY VOLTAGE
SETTING
OF STABILIZING
RESISTOR
AND
VALUE
CALCULATION
OF RELAY VOLTAGE
SETTING AND
VALUE OF STABILIZING
RESISTOR FOR A TYPICAL
HIGH IMPEDANCE
SCHEME
3 Ff
l,~~s
= 6 600 A
6 600
=--33000A
0.2
=20*62A
A-1.2
v, =
If ( R,,
+ 2 R, ) volts
where
current transformer secondary winding resistance, and
R CT
R,
Assuming R,,
VR = 20.62 ( 1 + 2 x OS5)
= 41.24 volts
A-l.3 Stabilizing Resistor - For the purpose of calculating the stabilizing resistor value, a voltage setting of 45 V will be assumed to give an
Total relay circuit impedance at 45 V with
adequate margin of stability.
a setting of 1 A ( 20 percent) on the relay is:
45
_=
1
Relay burden at 1 A is 1 VA.
(
45 ohms
Thus relay impedance at setting is :
:*:,2
= 1 ohm
A-2. CALCULATION
OF RELAY
VOLTAGE
SETTING
AND
VALUE
OF STABILIZING
.RESISTOR
FOR A TYPICAL
SCHEME OF TRANSVERSE
DIFFERENTIAL
PROTECTION
OF PARALLEL
FEEDERS
A-2S
= 2 000 MVA
= 10km
Impedance per km
= 0.5 ohms
= 0.5 ohms
= 0.5 ohms
= 0.05 ohms
12
IS : 3842 ( Part
X ) - 1976
of the parallel
feeder = 5 x 4 x &
=
2 000
=---=357MVA
1+4*59
end
per feeder
=43x33x2
from 5/l
4.59
current
357 x 10:
3 130x
= 31.3
&
x 1
5
=3130A
=31*3
= 6.26A
Vr = Ir ( RB -i &xc >
where
Ii = fault current,
winding resistance of the interposing
transformer, and
RUc = impedance of the under current relay at Zf
RN = secondary
Then
Hence
current
b2.2
Stabilizing
Resistor
- Assuming a setting of 40 percent ( 0*4A )
on the differential relay, the value of stabilizing resistor can be calculated
from the following:
0.9
= 19.4 ohms
Value of stabilizing resistor = g
- (0.4)s
( since the differential
13
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