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Terminal storage
Transfer from storage area to apron cargo hook
Hook to hold
Stowage of cargo
When ordering a new ship the ship owner normally specifies the number, safe
working load, position and any special features of the cargo handling derrick to
be fitted.
Cargo handling can be divided into the following categories:
1. DERRICK RIG SYSTEMS
Although gradually being ousted by deck cranes, this system has been the most
popular method of handling cargo.
a) Fixed Outreach Systems
The union purchase system is the most common outreach system.
The system utilizes two derricks and two winches with the derrick in fixed
positions. One derrick is arranged over the quayside and the other over the hold.
By a combination of hoisting on both winches and hoisting on one winch and
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Prof.Dr.YousriWelaya
payin
ng out on the
t other winch
w
it is possible
p
to transfer fro
om the qua
ayside to th
he
hold or vice versa.
s the follow
wing disadva
antages:
This system has
It can on
nly be used
d between a fixed po
oint on the quayside and a fixe
ed
point in the
t hold; this creates a serious problem
p
of manhandlin
m
ng the carg
go
into its sttowed posittion.
Due to the sharing of the load
d between two derriccks, overloa
ading of on
ne
derrick can occur if the operatiion is not properly man
naged and arising from
m
y harbor au
uthorities ha
ave expresssed their co
oncern abo
out its use.
this many
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neOutfittingss
Prof.Dr.YousriWelayya
The introduction of patented heavy lift systems (and the introduction of heavy
deck cranes) has created a decline in the heavy lift derrick. A typical patented
heavy derrick is shown in figure below (Stlken Derrick). With this system loads
up to 300 tonne can be lifted and it has the unique advantage of being able to
operate in two holds. It is positioned between two outwardly raked tapering
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tubullar columns
s. Several winches arre provided
d for the va
arious hoistting, slewin
ng
and topping
t
dutties. The co
ontrols are all arrange
ed as leverss in one con
nsole, whicch
can be operate
ed by one man.
m
Smalller derrickss are also rigged
r
from
m the tubula
ar
mns for norrmal cargo work.
w
colum
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3. DECK CRANES
This is the most recent method of handling cargo onboard ships. They have the
following advantages:
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Prof.Dr.YousriWelaya
The safe working load can range from 25 to 90 tonne and the jib radius
from 20 to 35 m. For heavy lift cranes these values could reach 350 tonne
and 60 m.
Spotting cargo very accurately
Readiness for action
They require only one operator
They provide more usable deck space and greater visibility from the bridge
Greater safety is inherent in the crane over conventional cargo gear
The cranes operating gear and controls can be located within a protecting
enclosure. This protection reduces maintenance and provides protection
for the operator
However, cranes are perhaps less efficient with light loads. For large beam ships
if the cranes are positioned on the ships centerline, they may require an
extremely long jib. Therefore, fixed cranes, one at each end of the hatch, may be
placed at opposite corners.
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Prof.Dr.YousriWelaya
As shown in figure a typical crane consists of a jib which can be lowered to the
horizontal for stowage purposes, and a hoisting unit which can be on a single fall
of rope or multi falls depending on the lifting capacity. Facility is provided for
slewing the crane through 360o. The main specifications of a deck crane are the
hoisting capacity in tonne, the jib radius in m, and the hoisting speed in m/min.
Some of the patented deck cranes are shown below. They are all designed to
meet the rules of all classification societies and regulatory bodies.
MacGregor Compact and Slim Crane
These electro-hydraulic cranes are intended for various duties, particularly where
dimensions must be compact and air-draft is limited. These cranes can be
equipped with the tools needed for handling various cargoes, such as containers
or bulk materials. The standard range covers lifting capacities from 36 to 45
tonnes. Outreaches are between 20-34 m.
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Low weight and centre of gravity leading to improved vessel stability and
moreover increased cargo capacity.
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Twin
n Cranes
Theyy consist of two indepe
endent cran
nes of equa
al capacity mounted
m
on
n a commo
on
platfo
orm which
h can be rotated in
ndependently. Each crane can be use
ed
indivvidually for normal
n
carg
go working,, but when a heavy liftt is required
d the jibs arre
slewe
ed parallel to each other and a lifting beam
m is conneccted betwee
en the carg
go
hookks. A variation of the id
dea has bee
en used witth cranes of unequal capacity.
c
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12
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