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Questions with Did (past tense)

Have - Present & Past Tense
Present Perfect Tense
Present Perfect Tense - Negative
Present Perfect Tense - Questions
The Comparative Form
The Superlative Form
Past Continuous Tense
Past vs. The Past Continuous
Modal Verbs
Idiomatic Modal Verbs
Perfect Modals
Present Perfect Continuous Tense
Perfect Modals Continuous
Past Perfect Tense
Direct and Indirect Quotations
Present & Past Perfect Continuous
Prepositional Phrases
Future Continuous Tense
Height and Weight
Adverbs
Comparative Adverbs
Superlative Adverbs
Intensifiers
Yellow Level Review, Part 1
Yellow Level Review, Part 2

Lesson One:
Questions with Did (Review)

Did I teach you any

English?
(Answer: Yes, you did.)

Did you learnEnglish?

(Answer: Yes, I did.)

Where did youlearn E

nglish?
(Answer: I learned English at
school.)

Did he eat thestrawber

ries?
(Yes, he did.)

How many didhe eat?

(He ate four.)

Did she eat ice

cream?
(Yes, she did.)

Where did sheget it?

(Her mother gave it to her.)

Did the cat have any

food?
(Yes, it did.)

Did we go to school
yesterday?
(Yes, we did.)

What did we do in
class?
(We learned English)

you + I = we

Did you go to school

last week?
(Yes, we did.)

What did you study?

(We studied English.)

Did they eat any ice

cream?
(Yes, they did.)

Where did theyeat it?

(They ate it at the beach.)

"did" + the main verb (in the simple form) make a question.

Lesson Two
Have - Present and Past Tense

Present Tense

Past Tense

I have

We have

I had

We had

You have

You have

You had

You had

He has
She has

He had
They have

She had

It has

It had

Examples:

I have a garden in my
backyard. (present tense)
I had a garden in my
backyard last year, too.(past
tense)

They had

You have some schoolwork

to do.
You also had some work to
do yesterday.

He has a beehive full of

bees.
He had a beehive when he
was a child.
Do you have any interest in
bees?
She has a fear of spiders.
Do you have a fear of
anything?

They have fun playing in

the water.
They had a good time in
this pool last week, too.

Questions
Present Tense
Do I have...

Do we have...

Past Tense
Did I have...

Did we have...

Do you have...

Do you have...

Did you have...

Does he have...

Did he have...

Does she have... Do they have...

Did she have...

Does it have...

Did you have...

Did they have...

Did it have...

Negatives
Present Tense - Negative

Past Tense - Negative

do / does + not + main verb

did + not + main verb

I don't have

We don't have

I didn't have

We didn't have

You don't have

You don't have

You didn't have

You didn't have

He doesn't have

He didn't have

She doesn't have They don't have

She didn't have

It doesn't

They didn't have

It didn't have

It's important to understand in the examples above that the main verb is in
the simple form. You can make any verb negative in the present and past
tense with this method--but not the verb "be."
Below are examples of how to make the present and past tense negative with
verbs other than "have."

simple

past

have

had

eat

ate

see

saw

be

was / were

Today I don't have any work to do. (present tense)

Yesterday I didn't have any work to do. (past tense)
I usually don't eat a big breakfast. (present tense)
Yesterday I didn't eat a big breakfast. (past tense)
I don't see movies very often. (present tense)
I didn't see that movie yet. (past tense)

The verb "have" is also used as an auxiliary verb (or

you can call it a "helping verb") when making the
present perfect tense.
To make the present perfect:
has or have + the past participle
You will learn more about this in Lesson Three.

He has
finished his
beer.
There isn't
any beer left
in the glass.

Lesson Three:
The Present Perfect Tense
S + Has or Have + the Past Participle

Singular

Plural

I have lived

We have lived

You have lived

You have lived

He has lived
She has lived

They have lived

It has lived
(See the video at the bottom of the page.)

The present perfect is used for three reasons:

1. To describe an action that goes from the past
up to the present moment.
2. To describe an action that occurred sometime
in the past but the exact time is unknown.
3. To describe an action that was repeated many
times in the past.
4. Contractions are usually used with this tense:
I've lived, you've lived, he's lived, she's lived,
etc.

1. I have lived in
Minnesota for 15 years.
I've lived here since 1991.

2. You have heard this

song before.
You've listened to a lot of
music, haven't you?

3. She has cleaned her

bathroom twice this week.
She's also cleaned her
kitchen.
(She's = she has)

Don't confuse the present perfect with the past tense.

The present perfect is used with unspecified periods
of time in the past or to show the passage of time.
Here's an example of a mistake:
She has cleaned her bathroom yesterday.
This mistake specifies when she did something which
you can only do with a past tense. Here's the
correction:

She cleaned her bathroom yesterday.

Sometimes people learning English use the past

tense when they should use the present perfect.
Here's an example of three common mistakes.
I lived in Minnesota for 10 years.
(ok but it sounds like he is no longer there and lives in
another place.)
I am living in Minnesota 10 years. (wrong)
I live in Minnesota 10 years. (wrong)
This person wants to say that he moved to Minnesota
10 years ago and is still there. In this case the
present perfect is a good choice:
I have lived in Minnesota for 10 years. (correct!)
or...
I have lived in Minnesota since 1996.
Notice also that for and since are often used in the
present perfect. For is used with numbers of days,
weeks, months, years, centuries, etc., and since is
used with specified days, months and years.

Lesson Four
The Present Perfect Tense - Negative
S + have or has + not + past participle
Singular

Plural

I have not worked

We have not worked

You have not worked

You have not worked

He has not worked

She has not worked

They have not worked

It has not worked

Notice the use of "has" for a man, a woman, or a thing.
Also, it's important to know the irregular past
participles.

Most Americans use the contracted form:

have + not = haven't / has + not = hasn't
Singular

Plural

I haven't worked

We haven't worked

You haven't worked

You haven't worked

He hasn't worked
She hasn't worked

They haven't worked

It hasn't worked

More Examples of the Present Perfect - Negative

I have not been to China.
(contraction: I haven't been to China.)

main verb: be
You have not been to China, either.
(contraction: haven't been)

main verb: be
He has not played this game
before. This is the first time.
(contraction: hasn't played)

main verb: play

She has not cleaned the bathroom
in a week. Now she's cleaning it.
(contraction: hasn't cleaned)

main verb: clean

The banana has not turnedbrown

yet. It's still yellow.
(contraction: hasn't turned)

main verb: turn

We have not visited China. Never

in our lives have we been there.
(contraction: haven't visited)

main verb: visit and been.

Notice that you can also make the present perfect
negative by using "never."

You have not finished your lunch

yet.
(contraction: haven't finished)

main verb: finish

They have not marched in the
Minnesota State Fair Parade
before. This is their first time.
(contraction: haven't marched)

main verb: march

I + you = we

Lesson Five
The Present Perfect Tense - Questions
Have or Has + Subject + past participle
Singular

Plural

Have I seen...

Have we seen...

Have you seen...

Have you seen...

Has he seen...
Has she seen...

Have they seen...

Has it seen...
In the example above, the verb "see" is in the present perfect tense.
"Seen" is the past participle for the verb "see."
When you begin a question with "have" or "has," the answer is
usually yes or no.

examples:
I

Have I ever met you?

(Answer: Yes, you have.)

Have you lived in the United

States long?
(Answer: No, I haven't.)

you

Has he had any coffee yet this

morning?
(Answer: No, he hasn't.)

Has she ridden a bike before?

(Answer: Yes, she has.)

Has the goat eaten anything

yet today?
(Answer: No, it hasn't.)

Have we known each other for

a long time?
(Answer: No, we haven't. We've known each other
for a short time.)

I + you = we

Have you ever traveled to

China?
(Answer: No, we haven't.)

Have they marched in this

parade before?
(Answer: No, they haven't, but they have
marched in other parades.)

Lesson Six
The Comparative Form for Adjectives

A lion is more dangerous than a cat.

A lion is also bigger than a cat.

The children playing with the blocks are younger than the
students going to school.

Here are some more examples:

Click to hear your teacher read the examples below:

Saving money this year has been more

difficult than last year.

Japanese cars are much better than most

American cars.

Spanish is an easier language to

Lesson Seven
The Superlative Form

(differences in 3 + things or 3 + people)

Click to listen

The lion is the biggest animal. (There

are three animals)

The lion is also the most dangerous of the three animals above.

The superlative form is used to show the difference among

three or more things or people in a group.
There are rules for using the superlative form. The table
below will help you.

Superlatives
two syllable words
One-syllable words
more
ending in y
add est

drop the y and ad iest

two syllables or
not ending in
y

use most / don't add est

big

biggest

noisy

noisiest

dangerous

most dangerous

old

oldest

busy

busiest

expensive

most expensive

crazy

craziest

comfortable

nicer

nicest

most comfortable

Lesson Eight
The Past Continuous Tense

S + (be) + _____ing
The verb "be" is in the past tense: was or were

examples:

I was relaxingoutside
when this picture was
taken

You were sitting in the

classroom when this
picture was taken.

He was shavingthis
morning when he cut
himself.

She was spinningaround

and around before she
fell down.

This
elephant wasout looking f

Lesson Ten
Modal Verbs

Modal Verb

Picture

Example in a sentence

This baby can crawl.

can:
possibility and
ability

I can crawl

We can crawl

You can crawl

You can crawl

He can crawl

Click here for

a

She can crawl

YouTube
video

They can crawl

It can crawl

negative contraction: can't crawl

He will go to the beach later today.

will:

I will go

We will go

future

You will go

You will go

Click here for

a

He will go
She will go

YouTube
video

They will go

It will go

negative contraction: won't go

shall:
possibility and
future possibility

This sounds so formal I'm going

to recommend that you not use
it. Shall is not popular. (One less
word to remember!)

Your teacher recommends that you don't use shall if

your interest is in American English. 98 % of the
American public doesn't use it. It sounds very formal.
In fact, it sounds too formal. (blech!)

1. (future possibility) They may

walk their dogs this afternoon.
2. (Asking permission)
A: May I walk your dog?

Lesson Ten
Modal Verbs

Modal Verb

Picture

Example in a sentence

This baby can crawl.

can:
possibility and
ability

I can crawl

We can crawl

You can crawl

You can crawl

He can crawl

Click here for

a

She can crawl

YouTube
video

They can crawl

It can crawl

negative contraction: can't crawl

He will go to the beach later today.

will:

I will go

We will go

future

You will go

You will go

Click here for

a

He will go
She will go

YouTube
video

They will go

It will go

negative contraction: won't go

shall:
possibility and
future possibility

This sounds so formal I'm going

to recommend that you not use
it. Shall is not popular. (One less
word to remember!)

Your teacher recommends that you don't use shall if

your interest is in American English. 98 % of the
American public doesn't use it. It sounds very formal.
In fact, it sounds too formal. (blech!)

1. (future possibility) They may

walk their dogs this afternoon.
2. (Asking permission)
A: May I walk your dog?

Lesson Eleven
Idiomatic Modals
These verb phrases are a little unusual and sometimes hard to use:
Idiomatic
Modal

Picture

Example in a sentence

They're going to do some work in their

garden.
Main verb is in the simple form
S + (be) going to _______

(be)
going to

I am going to
do

We are going to
do

future

You are going

to do

You are going to

do

He is going to
do

(similar to
"will")

She is going
to do

They are going

to do

It is going to
do

negative: (be) + not + going to

(scroll down for video lessons)

am not / isn't / aren't going to

A penguin is a bird that is also able to

swim.
Main verb is in the simple form
S + (be) able to _________

(be)
able to

I am able to
swim

possibility

You are able to You are able to

swim
swim

(similar to
"can")

We are able to
swim

He is able to
swim
She is able to
swiim

They are able

to swim

It is able to
swim

negative: (be) + not + able to

am not / isn't / aren't able to

She has to clean the bathroom. She

also has to do some other chores
around the house.
Main verb is in the simple form
S + has or have to ________

have to

I have to clean We have to clean

necessity

You have to
clean

(similar to
"must")

He has to
clean
She has to
clean

You have to
clean

They have to
clean

It has to clean

Negative: don't/doesn't have to

Notice the negative requires the verb
"do"

Lesson Twelve
Perfect Modal Verbs

modal verb + have + past participle

Perfect Modal

Picture

sentence

could have _____

couldn't have _____

The boy could have done the dishes

himself, but his father decided to help.

past ability

should have ____

shouldn't have ____
You did or didn't do something that was
a good idea.

The girl shouldn't have spun around

so many times. She fell down.
spin: turn around many times.
spin / spun / spun

would have ____

wouldn't have ____
past condition /

This house of cards would have

fallen over if the person who built it
hadn't been so careful.

past situation

may have _____

may not have _____

My grandfather may have used this

camera when he was a young man,
but I'm not sure.

past possibility

might have ______

might not have _____
past possibility

Her mother might have put mustard

on her sandwich. She hopes not.

Lesson Thirteen
The Present Perfect Continuous Tense

Subject + has / have + been + _______ing

This is similar to the present perfect tense except that
the action is continuous. It describes something that
starts in the past and continues into the present.
I have been teaching English for
almost 20 years.
I started teaching English 20 years ago.
I'm still teaching English now.

You have been studying English.

How long have you been
studying?

He's been playing the guitar for

about an hour.
(He's = He has)

She's been talking on the phone

with her mother for 40 minutes.
She started the conversation 40 minutes ago.
She's still talking now.

The cat has been singing all night.

Lesson Fourteen
Perfect Modals Continuous

could
should
would
may
might

+ have been ______ing

I could have been living in Los Angeles if I hadn't

moved to Chicago.
They should have been doing their homework at the
time that I called.
He would have been working at that company if he
hadn't been laid off.
You might have been thinking I was much older.

This is a diffficult modal form for beginning and

intermediate level students. In this case,
you're describing something that was possible
in the past; however; another event emerged
and forever altered the past. Don't worry about
mastering this right now, but listen to how
Americans use it--whether correctly or not.

This penquin could have

been swimming in
Antarctica today if he
hadn't been captured
there two years ago.
They should have been
taking a test but instead
they skipped school and
went to a malt shop.

He would have been

working in a bank if he
hadn't decided to
become a beekeeper.

He might have been

thinking it was earlier.
Now he realizes he's late
for a meeting.
(This helps describe
problems with
perception of time.)

To make the negative, add "not" to the modal:

I shouldn't have been working so late last night. (but I did)

Lesson Fifteen
The Past Perfect Tense

The past perfect tense is usually used with two past

actions. The verb in the past perfect shows the first
past action.
I had seen that movie before but I forgot what
happened in it.
First verb: see; Second verb: forget
The word order can be changed but it doesn't
change the meaning:
I forgot that I had seen that movie.
NOTE: Many Americans don't use this tense
properly.
see / saw / seen
forget / forgot / forgotten

Singular

Plural

I had seen

We had seen

You had seen

You had seen

He had seen
She had seen

They had seen

It had seen

examples

He had already started to

make breakfast before his

Lesson Seventeen
The Present Perfect Continuous Tense and the Past Perfect
Continuous Tense
We have studied the present perfect continuous tense before,
but here it is again one more time:

S + has or have + been + _______ing

I have been riding the same bike for the last eight years.
Singular

Plural

I have been riding

We have been riding

You have been riding

You have been riding

He has been riding

She has been riding

They have been riding

It has been riding

....and the past perfect continuous here for the first time:
S + had + been + ______ing

Singular

Plural

I had been working

We had been working

You had been working

You had been working

He had been working

She had been working
It had been working

They had been working

I
In the pictures below, notice the words with the "ing" endings. Those
are the main verbs in continuous forms.

I had been working on my house

all day before I sat down to play
my guitar.
I have been studying the guitar
for many years.

After you had been working all

day, you went home to study
English on the internet. You
have been studying English for
only a few years.

He had been having a good day

until a thief came into his
apartment, took all his money,
and tied him up.

She had been swimmingfor a

long time before she got out of

the pool.

This little penguin had been

living in Antarctica before he
was captured and brought to
this zoo.

We had been
communicating with each other
online before we stopped to take
a break.We have been using the
internet as a means for
communication for many years.

I + you = we

You had been playingsoccer but

then your friend came by and
you stopped.

They had been workingfor many

years, but then they retired.

Lesson Eighteen
Prepositional Phrases

The woman in the blue coat is looking for her dog. The above
sentence contains two prepositional phrases:
"in the blue coat" and "for her dog."
A prepositional phrase begins with a preposition, such
as "in"or "for" and ends with a noun. There are hundreds of
different prepositions, so they are very commonly used and very
important to understand. Why are prepositional phrases
important? They provide important information on location,
descriptions of people and things, relationships, time, and ideas.
The best way to learn how to use prepositional phrases is to read
English. Over time you will learn how they are used and which
ones to use. Below are some examples.

She spilled coffeeon

her report for class.
prepositional phrases: on
her report and for class
In this example the
prepositional phrases
provide important
information about where
something happened and
the reason for her concern.

There are two

children on a sled.

In this garden there

are many
strawberries.

Lesson Nineteen
The Future Continuous Tense
S + will + be + ______ing
Let's conjugate the verb "work"

Singular

Plural

I will be working

We will be working

You will be working

You will be working

He will be working
She will be working

They will be working

It will be working

In the pictures below, notice the words with the "ing" endings.
Those are the main verbs in continuous forms.

I will be working on my
computer later today.

You will be learning English at

your computer after work.

He will be having a birthday

party tomorrow for his daughter
who turns three.

She'll be going to a new school

next year where she'll be
studying English and French.

This little penguin wll be living

in this zoo for a very long time.

We will be going online to

communicate with each other.

I + you = we

You will be playing soccer this

weekend.

They will be retiring in a few

years.
(main verb: retire. When people
reach 65 years of age in the U.S.,
they usually stop working)

Lesson Twenty
Height and Weight
Height
To learn the height of a thing or things:
Singular

Plural

How tall is it?

How tall are they?

What's the height?

How high are

they?

How many stories is it? (for one

building)

---

To learn the height of a person:

Singular
How tall are you?
What's your height?

Plural
How tall are they?
---

Height is not as sensitive a topic as weight in the

U.S. It's okay to ask about a person's height but
not a person's weight.

Q: What's your height?

I ask a question

A: I'm 5 feet, 4 inches tall.

You give an answer.

You ask a question.

Q: How tall are you?

A: I'm 5 feet, 11 inches tall.

I give an answer.

or...
A: I'm 5' 11"

Q: What's his height?

A: He's six one. (It's possible to
eliminate the use of "feet" or
"inches" completely.

Q: How tall is she?

A: She doesn't know. She has to
measure herself.

Q: How tall is that apartment

building?
A: It's three stories tall.

Q: How tall are these stones?

A: They're about 15 feet high.

Q: How tall are those skyscrapers?

A: They're over 40 stories tall.

Weight
To learn the weight of a thing or things:
Singular

Plural

How much does this weigh?

How much do these

weigh?

What does this weigh?

What do these weigh?

How heavy is this?

How heavy are these?

To learn the weight of a person:

Singular

Plural

How much do you weigh?

How much does he/she
weigh?

How much do they

weigh?

What's your weight?

What's their weight?

Don't say:
How much pounds?
What weight is it?

It's possible to ask, "How much do I weigh?" or "What's my

weight?" But in most situations it isn't necessary unless you
are repeating another person's question. The examples
below might help:

I ask a question.

Q: How much do I weigh?

A: I don't know. Why don't you

weigh yourself?

You give an answer.

You ask a question.

Q: How much do you weigh?

A: I weigh 191 pounds.

Q: What does he weigh?

A: He weighs about 175 pounds.

I give an answer.

Q: How much does she weigh?

A: She doesn't know. She has to
weigh herself.

Q: How heavy is this?

A: It's about 10 pounds.

Q: How heavy are these stones?

A: They're very heavy.

Q: How much do these apples

weigh?
A: They're almost four pounds.

Next: Lesson Twenty-One

Lesson Twenty-one
Adverbs
Adverbs describe verbs, adjectives, and other
adverbs. They describe how, how
often, where,when, and to what
degree something happens.
Adverbs often end in "ly"

The train is
moving quicklythrough the
subway.
("Quickly" describes how the
train moves. "Move" is a verb.)

The turtle is crawling through

the grass very slowly.
("Slowly" describes how the
turtle crawls. "Crawl" is a
verb.)

He's usually late to work.

("Usually" is an adverb of
frequency that describes an
adjective--"late.")

He rarely buys things that are

not on sale. He likes to save
money.
("Rarely" is an adverb of
frequency that describes
theverb "buy.")

The water is very hot.

("Very" is an adverb that
describes the adjective "hot.")
The water is too hot.
(very, too, really, so,
extremely, etc. are adverbs
that describe adjectives.)

She's entering the hot

tubvery carefully.
("Very" is an adverb that
describes another adverb
"carefully." The word
"carefully" describes the verb,
"enter.")

Lesson Twenty-two
Comparative Adverbs
Adverbs in the comparative form describe verbs,
adjectives, and other adverbs.
Adverbs usually end in "ly"

Making the comparative form for adverbs is not

as easy as making the comparative form for
adjectives. Remember, most adverbs end in "ly,"
so most adverbs are two-syllable words;
therefore, you will usually use "more" in front of
the adverb to make the comparison.
Many Americans ignore the rules for comparative
adverbs, but you should still learn how to use
them properly.

A subway train can get you

through the
city more quicklythan a bus.
("more quickly" describes the
verb "get." "Get" is a verb.)

A laptop computer allows her

to do her work more efficiently.

Barack Obama
campaignedmore skillfully than
his opponents, and that's one
reason why he won his
election.

Some adverbs have only one

syllable and don't add "ly."
fast, hard, soon, high

She works faster than

he does.

He can
reach higherthan she
can.

They'll finish their

worksooner than they
did last week

The opposite of "more" is

"less."
He is less easily disturbed by
her behavior than he was in
the past.

Lesson Twenty-three
Superlative Adverbs
Adverbs in the superlative form describe verbs,
adjectives, and other adverbs.
Adverbs usually end in "ly"

Making the superlative form for adverbs is even

more difficult than the comparative form. Many
Americans avoid doing it, so you might not hear it
used very often.

He rides his bike most

frequently in the morning.

I work at school and at home

during the week, but I workmost
comfortably at my desk on the
weekend.

She is most likely to become a

doctor after she finishes med
school.

Birds sing most beautifully in

the morning.

Some adverbs don't use "ly"

endings. For these words, just
add "est."

They play well together,

but they play best when
they're under pressure.

They perform
the worston the field
when they don't
practice.

John is
the hardestworking
player on the team.

Burt runs the fastest, so

he's a wide receiver.

Lesson Twenty-four
Intensifiers
Some adverbs are used with adjectives and other
adverbs. Examples in this lesson are called
"intensifiers." Intensifiers provide greater depth of
meaning for the words they describe.

Some common intensifiers are somewhat,

surely, highly, certainly, very, extremely,
quite, such, extraordinarily, andtremendously.
There are others, but these are a good start if
you are new to using them.

This is an extremelyunusual
bike.
The word "extremely" is an
intensifier for the adjective
"unusual."

I highly recommend the

bakery we used for Heidi's
birthday cake. They did a
great job.

That's quite an unusual color

for a house.

We surely got a lot of snow

last night.

Setting a mousetrap with

cheese is
an extraordinarilygood way
to catch a mouse.

Ted's girlfriend,
Linda,certainly is beautiful.

In each of the examples above, the intensifier

can be taken out of the sentence without
changing the meaning very much:
Ted's girlfriend, Linda, is beautiful.

Yellow Level
Review

Write your answers by hand.

Complete each short answer with the

correct subject and helping (auxiliary)
verb:
1. A: Did she have a big wedding?
B: Yes, she ________ ________.
2. A: Were there a lot of people there?
B: Yes, ________ _________.
3. A: Have you ever been to a wedding?
B: Yes, ________ ________.

Complete each sentence in the past

tense:
4. They _________ the wedding in this
church. (have)
5. They _________ over 100 people. (invite)
6. They ________ ________ any problems
during the ceremony. (have -- negative)
7. Almost everyone ________ to the
reception after the wedding. (go)

Complete each sentence or question in

the present perfect tense:
8. A: _________ you ever ________ a bike
like this one? (see)
9. B: No, ________ ________.
10. How long ________ Paul ________ this
bike? (have)
11. He _______ ________ it for five years.
(have)

Complete each sentence or question in

the present perfect tense. (Click and
listen to the video first.)
12. A: ________ he ever ________ on a
conference bike? (ride)
13. B: No, ________ ________.
14. His friends ________ never ________
on a conference bike either. (be)

Complete each sentence or question in

the present perfect tense:
15. How many times ________ she ______
to downtown MInneapolis? (be)
16. She ________ ________ there many
times. (be)
17. Some of her friends, however, _______
never ________ downtown before. (go)
Complete each sentence with the
correctcomparative adjective. Some
sentences require the use of "than."
Others don't.
18. The celery at this store is _________
_______the stuff we bought last week.
(fresh)
19. Compared to that other store, this one is
__________ __________. (expensive)
20. This organic celery is a ________ green
color _________ the nonorganic celery.
(dark)
21. This celery is also ________. (crispy)
22. Does it taste _________? (good)
22. Or does it taste _________? (bad)

Complete each sentence with the

correctsuperlative adjective. Don't forget
to use "the" when necessary.
23. The doctor I have now is ________
________ one I've ever had. (good)
24. The last examination I had was _____
________ __________ I've ever had.
Probably because I'm older. (thorough*)
25. The clinic we visited was _______
________ we have ever been to. (big)
26. However, it's not ________ ________
place to find. (easy)
27. Minnesota is one of _______ _______
places to live in the U.S. (healthy)
28. It's also one of ________ ________
states to live in. (cold)
*thorough = complete; full
Complete each sentence or question
with the past continuous tense:
29. What ________ they ________
yesterday? (do)
30. They _________ __________ all
afternoon. (sled)
31. Who ________ ____________ them?
(watch)
31. Their parents _________ _________
them. (watch)
32. A: ________ it __________ at the time?
(snow)
33. B: No, _______ ________.

Complete each sentence or question with

the modal verb "should" and the main
verb:
34. How ________ I ________ this
cabbage? (cook)
35. You ________ _________ it for about
twenty-five minutes. (boil)
36. ________ we ________ anything else
for dinner? (make -- negative)
37. Yes, we ________ _________ a chicken
and some potatoes. (roast)

Complete each sentence or question with

the "going to" future:
38. A: Who _______ you ______ ______
_______? (call, "going to" future)
39. B: I _______ _______ ______ ______
Angela. (call, future)

Complete each sentence with perfect

modals "should" or "might" + the main
verb.
40. You ________ ________ ________ to
get ahold of her earlier. (try)
Why?
42. She ________ ________ _______ her
apartment already. (leave)

Use the present perfect continuoustense

to complete theses sentences and
questions:
43. How long ________ they ________
__________ this bike? (ride)
44. They _______ ________ _______ the
bike for the last thirty minutes. (ride)

Use "should" or "might" + the main verb

in the perfect continuous form:
Why didn't he answer the phone?
45. I don't know. He ________ ________
_________ ________ a nap. (take)
46. Really? ________ he _______
________ _________on something at
home? (work -- negative)

47 - 50.
Complete each sentence or question in
the past perfect tense:
47. She ________ _________ Minneapolis
when she was a little girl, but she forgot
about the trip. (visit)

48. Scientists _______ ________ that tigers

would be safe from extinction, but now--due
to human activity--they believe that the
extinction of the species in the wild is
inevitable. (think)
49. If human beings ________ ________ a
more thoughtful approach to their use of
land, air, and water, some animal species
wouldn't be faced with the possibility of
extinction. (take)

50. I wish I ________ ________ a colander

to drain the noodles. It would have been
easier. (use)

Yellow Level
Review

ANSWERS

Complete each short answer with the

correct subject and helping (auxiliary)
verb:
1. A: Did she have a big wedding?
B: Yes, she she did.
2. A: Were there a lot of people there?
B: Yes, there were.
3. A: Have you ever been to a wedding?
B: Yes, I have.

Complete each sentence in the past

tense:
4. They had the wedding in this church.
(have)
5. They invited over 100 people. (invite)
6. They didn't have any problems during the
ceremony. (have -- negative)
7. Almost everyone went to the reception
after the wedding. (go)

Complete each sentence or question in

the present perfect tense:
8. A: Have you ever seen a bike like this
one? (see)
9. B: No, I haven't.
10. How long has Paul had this bike? (have)
11. He has had it for five years. (have)
or....He's had it for five years. (have)
Complete each sentence or question in
the present perfect tense. (Click and
listen to the video first.)
12. A: Has he ever ridden on a conference
bike? (ride)
13. B: No, he hasn't.
14. His friends have never been on a
conference bike either. (be)

Complete each sentence or question in

the present perfect tense:
15. How many times has she been to
downtown MInneapolis? (be)
16. She has been there many times. (be)
17. Some of her friends,
however, havenever gone downtown
before. (go)
Complete each sentence with the
correctcomparative adjective. Some
sentences require the use of "than."
Others don't.
18. The celery at this store is fresher
thanthe stuff we bought last week. (fresh)
19. Compared to that other store, this one
is more expensive. (expensive)
20. This organic celery is a darker green
color than the nonorganic celery. (dark)
21. This celery is also crispier. (crispy)
22. Does it taste better? (good)
22. Or does it taste worse? (bad)
(Be careful with the word "worse." It's used
when both things or people are bad.)

Complete each sentence with the

correctsuperlative adjective. Don't forget
to use "the" when necessary.
23. The doctor I have now is the best one
I've ever had. (good)
24. The last examination I had was the most
thorough I've ever had. Probably because
I'm older. (thorough*)
25. The clinic we visited was the biggestwe
have ever been to. (big)
26. However, it's not the easiest place to
find. (easy)
27. Minnesota is one of the
healthiestplaces to live in the U.S. (healthy)
28. It's also one of the coldest states to live
in. (cold)
*thorough = complete; full

Complete each sentence or question

with the past continuous tense:
29. What were they doing yesterday? (do)
30. They were sledding all afternoon. (sled)
31. Who was watching them? (watch)
31. Their parents were watching them.
(watch)
32. A: Was it snowing at the time? (snow)
33. B: No, it wasn't.

Complete each sentence or question with

the modal verb "should" and the main
verb:
34. How should I cook this cabbage?
(cook)
35. You should boil it for about twenty-five
minutes. (boil)
36. Shouldn't we make anything else for
dinner? (make -- negative)
37. Yes, we should roast a chicken and
some potatoes. (roast)

Complete each sentence or question with

the "going to" future:
38. A: Who are you going to call? (call,
"going to" future)
39. B: I'm going to call Angela. (call,
future)

Complete each sentence with perfect

modals "should" or "might" + the main
verb.
40. You should have tried to get ahold of
her earlier. (try)
Why?
42. She might have left her apartment
already. (leave)

Angela

Use the present perfect continuoustense

to complete theses sentences and
questions:
43. How long have they been riding this
bike? (ride)
44. They have been riding the bike for the
last thirty minutes. (ride)

Use "should" or "might" + the main verb

in the perfect continuous form:
Why didn't he answer the phone?
45. I don't know. He might have been
taking a nap. (take)
46. Really? Shouldn't he have been
working on something at home? (work -negative)

47 - 50.
Complete each sentence or question in
the past perfect tense:
47. She had visited Minneapolis when she
was a little girl, but she forgot about the trip.
(visit)

48. Scientists had thought that tigers would

be safe from extinction, but now--due to
human activity--they believe that the
extinction of the species in the wild is
inevitable. (think)
49. If human beings had taken a more
thoughtful approach to their use of land, air,
and water, some animal species wouldn't be
faced with the possibility of extinction. (take)

50. I wish I had used a colander to drain the

noodles. It would have been easier. (use)

Yellow Level
Review, Part 2

Write your answers by hand.

Change direct speech to indirect

speech.
1. What did the boss say?
He said...
1. _____________________________.

1. "Everyone can go home early

today, " said the boss.
Change direct speech to indirect
speech.
2. What did she say?
She said....
2. ______________________________.

2. "I'll call my husband after I get

off of the phone," she said.

Change direct speech to indirect

speech.
3. What did she say?
She said...
3. ____________________________.

4. What did she say?

She said...
4. ____________________________.

3. "I'm going to a party tonight

with my friends, "she said.
4. "I have the address," she said.

Change direct speech to indirect

speech.
5. What did he say?
He said...
5. _____________________________.

5. "I need to fix my bike

tomorrow," he said.
Complete each sentence or question in
the past perfect continuous tense:
6. She ______ _______ _______ for a
bank before she got a job with a law firm.
(work)
7. The company she worked at before
______ _______ ________ her with health
insurance. (provide)

Write out each sentence and underline

the prepositional phrases.
8. There's nothing in his apartment.
9. He's sitting with his back against the
wall.
10. Tomorrow he might go to a store to get
some furniture.

Complete each sentence with the future

continuous tense.
11. Instead of walking, he ______
_______ ________ on his skateboard.
(riding)
12. He _______ ________ ________ us
until much later. (meet -- negative)

Complete each question or sentence

with the future continuous tense.
13. What _______ we _____ ________ for
dinner tonight? (having)
14. We _______ ________ _________
pizza. (order)

Use the adverb provided in the

comparative form:
15. You have to handle eggs ______
________ than other food items because
they might break. (careful)

Use the adverb provided in the

comparative form:
16. Clothes dry __________ when the sun
comes out. (fast)

Use the adverb provided in the

superlative form:
17. She performs _________ when she's
under pressure. (good)
18. She's the ________ _________ gifted
member of her family. (athletic)

Use"highly" or "certainly" to complete

these sentences:
19. He ___________ is a beautiful baby.
20. The doctor __________ recommends
breast milk for the baby.

Yellow Level
Review, Part 2

ANSWERS
Change direct speech to indirect
speech.
1. What did the boss say?
He said...
1. He said that* everyone could go
home early today.

*"that" is optional -- You could also say

this without "that":
He said everyone could go home early
today.

1. "Everyone can go home early

today, " said the boss.

Change direct speech to indirect

speech.
2. What did she say?
She said....
2. She said that she would call her
husband after she got off of the
phone.

2. "I'll call my husband after I get off

of the phone," she said.

Change direct speech to indirect

speech.
3. What did she say?
She said...
3. She said that she was going to a
party tonight with her friends.

4. What did she say?

She said...
4. She said that she had the address.

3. "I'm going to a party tonight with

my friends, "she said.
4. "I have the address," she said.

Change direct speech to indirect

speech.
5. What did he say?
He said...
5. He said that he needed to fix his
bike tomorrow.

5. "I need to fix my bike tomorrow,"

he said.
Complete each sentence or question
in the past perfect continuous tense:
6. She had been working for a bank
before she got a job with a law firm.
(work)
7. The company she worked at
before had been providing her with
health insurance. (provide)
Write out each sentence and
underline the prepositional phrases.
8. There's nothing in his apartment.
9. He's sitting with his back against the
wall.
10. Tomorrow he might go to a store to
get some furniture.

Complete each sentence with

the future continuous tense.
11. Instead of walking, he will be
riding on his skateboard. (riding)
12. He won't be meeting us until much
later. (meet -- negative)

Complete each question or sentence

with the future continuous tense.
13. What will we be having for dinner
tonight? (having)
14. We will be ordering pizza. (order)

Use the adverb provided in

thecomparative form:
15. You have to handle eggs more
carefully than other food items
because they might break. (careful)

Use the adverb provided in the

comparative form:
16. Clothes dry faster when the sun
comes out. (fast)

Use the adverb provided in

thesuperlative form:
17. She performs best when she's
under pressure. (good)
18. She's the most athletically gifted
member of her family. (athletic)

Use"highly" or "certainly" to
complete these sentences:
19. He certainly is a beautiful baby.
20. The doctor highly recommends
breast milk for the baby.