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Displacement
r=1(,,+,,tt tt':tt2-2as
Note: Usually, the direction of the initial velocity is taken as the positive direction.
Vector (v, s or a) which has an opposite direction is given a negative sign.
Displacement is always measured from its initial position
Proiectile Motion
ln non-linear motion (2D projectile motion), we have to consider the r lhoizontall and J
(rerlical) components of u, v, s and a separately. Time t is a scalar - it is the gdllqla4ilflllq!
links the )r motion to the y motion.
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Tvpical approach to solvine such questions
Step 1: Sketch the tra,ectory including labeling all the quantities {very important!)
Step 2: Resolve the initial velocity, ll (if necessary)
Step 3: List down the quantities given by the question:
Considering horizontal motion I Considerins verttcal motion (take note of sign
rrr = ,r (th is is true for free-falling obj ect) I conventions I
| /, =? {rhis is zero if initiat motion of object is
r, I horizontdl)
a,: 0 (this is zero for free-falling object) | .t, = ? {this is zero if object returns to original
position / same level as original position)
I r,y
I - ? (this is zero atthe max height of the
traiectory)
dr, : g {this is gravitational acceleration for
free-falling obiect)
Step 4: Apply the kinematics equations- Remember that time links the horizontal motion to
- the vertical motion
Ail resistance
Air resis6nce is a resistive force that opposes the motion of an object as it tries to push air
(fluid) particles out ofthe way. lt depends on the shape and speed ofthe object.
weight
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Consider an obiect movi rds {this is like the tvDical moti n of a falli rachutistl:
lnitially speed of object is zero and acceleration is g.
As the object gains speed. air resistance is no longer zero. lt acts in the direction
opposite to its weight-
resista
tI
Jair".tion
ot rotion
weight
velocity
time
3lPase
Practice
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