Bai 3 :

THE THU ONG

(THE PASSIVE VOICE)

* The chu ong (active voice) la cach at cau ma chu t ong vai tro
chu ong.
- Mr. Brown wrote the report yesterday.
- He has already finished his homework.
* The thu ong (passive voice) la cach at cau ma chu t ong vai tro
b ong.
- That house was built 100 years ago.
- Those windows are painted blue.
Passive sentence :
S + be + past participle
1/ Hay quan sat v du sau :
* Active : Tom broke the chair yesterday.
SVO
* Passive : The chair was broken by Tom yesterday.
Sbe + P.Pby doer
2/ Ghi nh: Cach oi mot cau t active sang passive :
* Lay tuc t (O) trong cau chu ong xuong lam chu t (S) trong
cau thu ong.
* Nhan xet xem ong t chia trong cau chu ong th nao, ta chia
TO BE th o roi viet ong t chnh dang qua kh phan t (p.p).
* Lay chu t (S) trong cau chu ong xuong lam doer trong cau thu
ong, nh viet BY ngay ang trc.
* Trang t gi nguyen khong oi va thng at cuoi cau (neu la
trang t ch thi gian).

3/ Mot vai v du khac :

+ (a) simple present : [Subject+ am / is / are + P.P ]aSubject+
- Mr.Green teaches history.
History is taught by Mr.Green.
+ (b) present perfect : [ S + has / have + been + p.p ]b
- He has just done his homework.
His homework has just been done by him.
+ (c) present continuous : [ S + am / is / are / + being + p.pp.p]c
- She is cleaning the windows.
The windows are being cleaned by her.
+ (d) simple past : [ S + was / were + p.pp.p]d
- The boss sacked ten workers.
Ten workers were sacked by the boss.
+ (e) past perfect : [ S + had been + p.pp.p]e
Mary had written the letter.
The letter had been written by Mary.
+ (f) Past continuous : [ S + was / were + being + p.pp.p]f
- The police were questioning Tom.
Tom was being questioned by the police.
+ (g) simple future: [ S + will / shall + be + p.pp.p]g
- John will deliver the letter.
The letter will be delivered by John.
+ (h) Modal verbs : [ S + must / can / may + be + p.p]hp.p
- He must do it right now.

It must be done by him right now.

+ (i) special structures : [ S + is / are going to + be + p.p]i
- The engineers are going to build the bridge.
The bridge is going to be built by the engineers.
( con ap dung vi cac cau truc khac nh : have to, had to, used to, ought
to )
+ (j) 2 objects :j
- They gave me a present yesterday.
I was given a present yesterday(by them).
A present was given to me yesterday(by them).
(Neu sau BY la them / people / someone / somebodyta co the bo i)
+ (k) perception verb with bare infinitive : [ S + be p.p + to inf ]infinitivek
- I never hear him shout at his children.
He is never heard to shout at his children.
+ (l) perception verb with present partciple : [ S + be p.p + V-ing ]V-l
- I saw the boy coming into the room.
The boy was seen coming into the room.coming
+ (m) With make : [ S + be made + to inf ]m
- They made me do it.
I was made to do it.
+ (n) With let : [ S + be let + bare inf ]n
- They let him do it.
He was let to do it.
+ (o) With begin or start: [ S + begin / start + to be + p.p ]o

- They began to build the house in 1980.

The house began to be built in 1980.
+ (p) With say, report, rumour:p
People say that prevention is better than cure.
It is said that prevention is better than cure.
Prevention is said to be better than cure. (cach oi nay c ap
dung
cho cac ong t nh: SAY, REPORT, THINK, BELIEVE, RUMOURRUMOUR)
+ (q) cau menh lenh : [ Let + O + TO be p.p ]
- Open the door, please.
Let the door be opened please.

EXERCISE I : Supply the correct tense and voice.

1/ Everyone (shock) was shocked by the news yesterday.
2/ Almost everyone (enjoy) enjoyed the lecture last night.
3/ English (speak) _________ all over the world.
4/ A terrible accident (happen) _________ right here at 6 oclock last night.
5/ Mr. Smith (teach) _________ at this university since 1985.
6/ Not much (say) _________ about the matter since last week.
7/ He (borrow) _________ the money from her two weeks ago.
8/ A new textbook (publish) _________ by that company next year.
9/ Everything (go) _________ well so far. There (be) _________ no trouble yet.
10/ Who the book (write) _________ by ?
11/ Think carefully. Im sure you (remember) _________ his name.

12/ The report (examine) _________ now.

EXERCISE II : Turn into the passive voice.

1/ He is running his own restaurant.
- ______________________________________________________
2/ The secretary opens the mails every morning.
- ______________________________________________________
3/ The teacher doesnt allow me to take the seat by the window.
- ______________________________________________________
4/ Toms absence worried his mother.
- ______________________________________________________
5/ They are building a new school in this town.
- ______________________________________________________
6/ You should finish the report right now.
- ______________________________________________________
7/ We shall discuss the matter in the afternoon.
- ______________________________________________________
8/ Are you going to post this letter ?
- ______________________________________________________
9/ He has to pay the bills before the fifth of the month.
- ______________________________________________________
10/ No one has opened that box for the past hundred years.
- ______________________________________________________
11/ The boy screamed while the dentist was pulling out one of his teeth.

- ______________________________________________________
12/ The enemy used to attack the bay.
- ______________________________________________________
13/ The fire has destroyed many houses.
- _____________________________________________
14/ The children are carrying the chairs into the house.
- ______________________________________________________
15/ They awarded him the Nobel Prize for medicine in 1946.
- ______________________________________________________
16/ We saw him leave the office at 6 oclock this morning.
- ______________________________________________________
17/ My parents didnt let me go to school this morning because I was ill.
- ______________________________________________________
18/ You ought to water these plants once a week.
- ______________________________________________________
19/ People saw her driving a car near the bridge.
- ______________________________________________________
20/ They said that he was the richest man in the town.
- ______________________________________________________
21/ Scientists began to carry out researches on AIDS in 1981.
- ______________________________________________________
22/ The boy knew that they were praising him.
- ______________________________________________________
23/ Everybody believed that he had died of lung cancer.

- ______________________________________________________
24/ They hadnt built the bridge when we first came here.
- ______________________________________________________
25/ I can assure you that I will arrange everything in time.
- ______________________________________________________

EXERCISE III : Change to the active voice.

1/ Progress in science is being made day after day.
- ______________________________________________________
2/ The palace was designed by a French architect.
- ______________________________________________________
3/ The road in front of my house has been paved.
- ______________________________________________________
4/ You can see that the dishes havent been washed.
- ______________________________________________________
5/ Our salaries will not be increased this year.
- ______________________________________________________
6/ Wasnt that theatre built two years ago ?
- ______________________________________________________
7/ The problem may be discussed again.
- ______________________________________________________
8/ My brother has been offered a well-paid job.
- ______________________________________________________
9/ It is reported that the war started again in South America.

- ______________________________________________________
10/ I was told that I was going to be appointed manager of this company.
- ______________________________________________________

EXERCISE IV : Rewrite the following sentences.

1/ People dont learn a foreign language in a short time.
- ______________________________________________________
2/ Did anyone ask any questions about me ?
- ______________________________________________________
3/ Henry wrote that book years ago, didnt he ?
- ______________________________________________________
4/ I wasnt introduced to any of the guests.
- ______________________________________________________
5/ What sort of research are they doing in the laborotary ?
- ______________________________________________________
6/ You should place matches out of reach of children.
- ______________________________________________________
7/ People say that inflation is getting out of control.
- ______________________________________________________
8/ Well have finished all the work by the weekend.
- ______________________________________________________
9/ I heard her singing very beautifully.
- ______________________________________________________
10/ Scientists started discovering the universe thousands of years ago.

- ______________________________________________________
11/ Nothing can be gained without effort.
- ______________________________________________________
12/ The robbers forced the bank manager to hand over the money.
- ______________________________________________________
13/ They let us go.
- ______________________________________________________
14/ The police stopped Tom on the highway and made him show his I.D card.
- ______________________________________________________
15/ Write your address on the back of the cheque.
- ______________________________________________________
16/ Where did your child find the keys ?
- ______________________________________________________
17/ Some people think he is a dangerous criminal.
- ______________________________________________________
18/ They will have to sign these documents.
- ______________________________________________________
19/ The workers are going to pull down that old building.
- ______________________________________________________
20/ No one told me the truth.
- ______________________________________________________

EXERCISE V : More exercises on Passive voice.

1. Yes - No questions :

a. Do they teach English here ?

- ___________________________________________________
b. Will you invite her to your wedding party ?
- ___________________________________________________
c. Did the teacher give some exercises ?
- ___________________________________________________
d. Is she going to write poem ?
- ___________________________________________________
e. Have they changed the window of the laboratory ?
- ___________________________________________________
f. Is she making big cakes for the party ?
- ___________________________________________________
g. Has Tom finished the work ?
- ___________________________________________________
h. Are the police making inquires about the thief.
- ___________________________________________________
i. Must we finish the test before ten ?
- ___________________________________________________
j. Will buses bring the children home ?
- ___________________________________________________
2. Wh - questions :
a. Why didnt they help him ?
- ___________________________________________________
b. How many games has the team played ?

- ___________________________________________________
c. Where do people speak English ?
- ___________________________________________________
d. Who are they keeping in the kitchen ?
- ___________________________________________________
e. How can they open this safe ?
- ___________________________________________________
f. What books are people reading this year ?
- ___________________________________________________
g. How did the police find the lost man ?
- ___________________________________________________
h. Who looked after the children for you ?
- ___________________________________________________
i. How long have they waited for the doctor ?
- ___________________________________________________
j. What time can the boys hand in their papers ?
- ___________________________________________________
3. Sentences with two Objects :
a. The teacher gave each of us two exercise books.
- ___________________________________________________
b. Someone will tell him that news.
- ___________________________________________________
c. They had sent enough money to these poor boys.
- ___________________________________________________

d. They have given the women in most countries in the world the right to vote.
- ___________________________________________________
e. They paid me a lot of money to do the job.
- ___________________________________________________
4. Sentences with verb of reporting :
a. People believe that 13 is an unlucky number.
- ___________________________________________________
b. They rumoured that man was still living.
- ___________________________________________________
c. They declared that she won the competition.
- ___________________________________________________
d. They know that English is an international language.
- ___________________________________________________
e. People think that Jack Londons life and writings represent the American love of
adventure.
- ___________________________________________________
f. They say that John is the brightest student in class.
- ___________________________________________________
g. They reported that the President had suffered a heart attack.
- ___________________________________________________
h. They think that he has died a natural death.
- ___________________________________________________
i. They reported that the troops were coming.
- ___________________________________________________

j. People believed that the earth stood still.

- ___________________________________________________
5. Sentences with verbs Continue and Begin :
a. Well continue to use this computer.
- ___________________________________________________
b. They began to plant rubber trees in big plantations.
- ___________________________________________________
c. People can continue to enjoy natural resources.
- ___________________________________________________
d. People will continue to drink Coca - Cola in the 21st century.
- ___________________________________________________
e. American people begin to love football.
- ___________________________________________________
6. Sentences with Phrasal verbs :
a. They gave up the research after three hours.
- ___________________________________________________
b. Someone should look into the matter.
- ___________________________________________________
c. Dont speak until someone speaks to you.
- ___________________________________________________
d. A neighbour is looking after the children.
- ___________________________________________________
e. Your story brings back pleasant memories.
- ___________________________________________________

7. Sentences with verbs of Perception :

a. I have heard her sing this song several times.
- ___________________________________________________
b. People saw him steal your car.
- ___________________________________________________
c. The teacher is watching them work.
- ___________________________________________________
d. He wont let you do that silly thing again.
- ___________________________________________________
e. People dont make the children work hard.
- ___________________________________________________
f. They made him work all day.
- ___________________________________________________
g. The detective saw the woman putting the jewelry in her bag.
- ___________________________________________________
h. The terrorists made the hostages lie down.
- ___________________________________________________
i. Police advise drivers to use an alternative route.
- ___________________________________________________
j. She helps me to do all these difficult exercises.
- ___________________________________________________
8. Sentences of order :
a. Open your book.
- ___________________________________________________

b. Take off your hat.

- ___________________________________________________
c. Dont do that silly thing again.
- ___________________________________________________
d. Lets tell them about it.
- ___________________________________________________
e. Dont let the other see you.
- ___________________________________________________
9. Sentences with Advise, Beg, Order, Urge, Agree, Decide,... :
a. She advised me to sell that house.
- ___________________________________________________
b. They begged us to help them.
- ___________________________________________________
c. He orders us to clean the floor.
- ___________________________________________________
d. He recommends me to do the job.
- ___________________________________________________
e. She urges him to visit her parents as soon as possible.
- ___________________________________________________
10. Some special sentences :
a. It is dangerous for us to take the short cut.
- ___________________________________________________
b. You need to have your hair cut.
- ___________________________________________________

c. Smoke filled the room.

- ___________________________________________________
d. You must see it to believe it.
- ___________________________________________________
e. He wants someone to take some photographs.
- ___________________________________________________
f. He likes people to call him Sir.
- ___________________________________________________
g. Its your duty to do this work.
- ___________________________________________________
h. We enjoy writing letters.
- ___________________________________________________
i. Nobody has slept in this room for long time.
- ___________________________________________________
j. You ordered me about and I was tired of it.
- ___________________________________________________

PASSIVE VOICE
1. We cant go along here because the road........................
A. is repairing
B. is repaired
C. is being repaired
2. The story Ive just read...................Agatha Christie
A. was written
B. was written by
C. was written from
3. Im going to go out and.................................................
A. have cut my hair
B. have my hair cut
C. cut my hair
4. Something funny ...........................in class yesterday

D. repairs
D. wrote by
D. my hair be cut

A. happened
B. was happened
C. happens
5. Many US automobiles........................in Detroit, Michigan
A. manufacture
B. have manufactured
C. are manufactured
6. A lot of pesticide residue can.........................................unwashed produce
A. find
B. found
C. be finding
7. We..................by a loud noise during the night
A. woke up
B. are woken up
C. were woken up
8. Some film stars...................difficult to work with
A. are said be
B. are said to be
C. say to be
9. Why did Tom keep making jokes about me? I dont enjoy........................at
A. be laughed
B. to be laughed
C. laughing
10. Today, many serious childhood diseases...........................by early immunization
A. are preventing
B. can prevent
C. prevent
11. Do you get your heating..........................every year?
A. checking
B. check
C. be checked
12. Bicycles.......................in the driveway
A. must not leave
B. must not be leaving
C. must not be left

D. is happened
D. are manufacturing
D. be found
D. were waking up
D. said to be
D. being laughed
D. can be prevented
D. checked
D. must not have left

13. Beethovens Fifth Symphony.......................next weekend

A. is going to be performed
B. has been performed
D. will be performing
D. will have perform
14. All bottles......................................before transportation
A. frozen
B. were froze
C. were frozen
D. are froze
15. ...............................................yet?
A. Have the letters been typed
B. Have been the letters typed
C. Have the letters typed
D. Had the letters typed
16. English has become a second language in countries like India, Nigeria or Singapore where.................for
administration, broadcasting and education
A. is used
B. it is used
C. used
D. being used
17. The telephones..............by Alexander Graham Bell
A. is invented
B. is inventing
C. invented
D. was invented
18. Lots of houses...................by the earthquake
A. are destroying
B. destroyed
C. were destroyed
D. is destroyed
19. Gold.........................in California in the 19th century
A. was discovered
B. has been discovered
C. was discover
D. they discover
20. The preparation.......................by the time the guest............................
A. had been finished- arrived
B. have finished- arrived
C. had finished-were arriving
D. have been finished- were arrived
21 The boy_____ by the teacher yesterday.
A. punish
B. punished
C. punishing
D. was punished
22. Ms Jones, please type those letters before noon_ Theyve already ______, sir. Theyre on your desk.
A. typed
B. been being typed
C. being typed
D. been typed
23. Sarah is wearing a blouse. It___________ of cotton.
A. be made
B. are made
C. is made
D. made
24. They had a boy _______ that yesterday.
A. done
B. to do
C. did
D. do

25. We got our mail ______ yesterday.

A. been delivered
B. delivered
C. delivering
D. to deliver
26. James..the news as soon as possible.
A. should tell
B. should be told
C. should told
D. should be telled
27. My wedding ring ______ yellow and white gold.
A. is made
B. is making
C. made
D. make
28. Mr. Wilson is _______ as Willie to his friend.
A. known
B. knew
C. is known
D. know
29. References _____ in the examination room.
A. not are used
B. is not used
C. didnt used
D. are not used
30. Laura ______ in Boston.
A. are born
B. were born
C. was born
D. born
31. His car needs ________.
A. be fixed
B. fixing
C. to be fixing
D. fixed
32. Her watch needs _______.
A. repairing
B. to be repaired
C. repaired
D. A and B
33. My mother is going _____ this house.
A. sold
B. sell
C. to be sold
D. to sell
34. Theres somebody behind us. I think we are _______.
A. being followed
B. are followed
C. follow
D. following
35. Have you _____ by a dog?
A. bite
B. bit
C. ever been bitten
D. ever been bit
36. The room is being _____ at the moment.
A. was cleaned
B. cleaned
C. cleaning
D. clean
37. It _____ that the strike will end soon.
A. is expected
B. expected
C. are expected
D. was expected
38. It is _____ that many people are homeless after the floods.
A. was reported
B. reports
C. reported
D. reporting
39. He was said _____ this building.
A. designing
B. to have designed
C. to design
D. designed
40. Ted ______ by a bee while he was sitting in the garden.
A. got sting
B. got stung
C. get stung
D. gets stung
41. These tennis courts dont _____ very often. Not many people want to play.
A. got used
B. used
C. get used
D. get use
42. Ill get Minh _____ do this for you.
A. do
B. done
C. did
D. to do
43. Those letters ________ now. You can do the typing later.
A. need typing
B. needn't be typed
C. need to type
D. needn't typing
44. What a beautiful dress you are wearing- thanks, it_____ especially for me by a French tailor.
A. is made
B. has made
C. made
D. was made
45. Somebody cleans the room every day.
A. The room everyday is cleaned.
B. The room is every day cleaned.
C. The room is cleaned every day.
D. The room is cleaned by somebody every day.
46. People dont use this road very often.
A. This road is not used very often.
B. Not very often this road is not used.
C. This road very often is not used.
D. This road not very often is used.

47. How do people learn languages?

A. How are languages learned?
B. How are languages learned by people?
C. How languages are learned?
D. Languages are learned how?
48. Over 1500 new houses _______ each year. Last year, 1720 new houses _______.
A. were built/ were built
B. are built/ were built
C. are building / were built
D. were built/ were being built
49. Tom bought that book yesterday.
A. That book was bought by Tom yesterday.
B. That book was bought yesterday by Tom.
C. That book yesterday was bought by Tom
D. That book was bought yesterday.
50. The new computer system _____ next month.
A. is be installed
B. is being installed
C. is been installed
D. is being installed by people
LESSON 2:

PASSIVE VOICE

( TH B NG)
PHN A: LY THUYT
I. Cng thc chung : BE + PAST PARTICIPLE
II. Cng thc cua tng th:
TENSES

ACTIVE

PASSIVE

1. The simple present

S + bare - V/ V-s/es

S + am/is /are + PP

2. The pre. Continuous

S + am/ is/ are + v-ing

S+ am/is / are/ + being + PP

3. The present perfect

S + have/ has + PP

S + have/ has + been + PP

4. The simple past

S + V2/ V-ed

S + was/ were + PP

5. The past continuous

S + was/ were + V- ing

S + was/ were + be+ V -ing

6. The past perfect

S + have/ has + PP

S + have/has + been + PP

7. The simple future

S + will/ shall + bare-V

S + will/ shall + be + PP

8. The near future

S+ am/ is/ are going to+ bareV

S+am/is/are going to+be+PP

9. The Modal verbs

S + can/could/may...+ bare-V

S + can/could/may + be + PP

III. Quy tc i t cu chu ng sang cu b ng:

1. Xac nh S, V, O cua cu chu ng.
2. Hoan i SvaO(S cua chu ng lam O cua b ng, O cua chu ng lam S cua b ng)
3. Chuyn V t dang chu ng sang dang b ng
4. Thm gii t by trc O cua cu b ng.

IV. Cu truc : Chu ng : S

B ng

:S

( BY + O)

( BE + PP)
V. Examples:
1. My mother has made that cake.
S

---- That cake has been made by my mother

2. Nam is asking
S

me a lot of questions.
O

---- I am being asked a lot of questions by Nam.

VI. Cac trng hp cn lu y:
1. S cua cu chu ng la ai t nhn xng( he, she, you, they, we..) va ca t nh: someone,
somebody, anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody,..... th lc bo O trong cu b ng.
Ex: Someone has sent me the flowers.
---- I have been sent the flowers.
She must do all homework before going to bed.
---- All homework must be done before going to bed.
2. Trang ng ch ni chn t trc by + O b ng.
Ex: The police found him in the foresst.
----He was found in the forest by the police.
3. Trang ng ch thi gian t sau by + O b ng.
Ex: Mr Brown bought the house last week.
---- The house was bought by Mr Brown last week.
4. Trang ng ch th cach ng gia BE + PP.
Ex: The boss has treated them badly.
---- They have been badly treated by the boss.

5. i vi 1 s ng t co 2 tn ng th 1 trong 2 tn ng u co th dung lam chu

ng trong cu b ng; tuy nhin tn ng ch ngi thng c s dung nhiu hn.
Ex: He sent me a postcard.
---- I was sent a postcard.
---- A postcard was sent to me.
V. Mt s dang cu bi ng c bit:
1. Causitive form: ( Th nh bao): Have hoc Get.
a. Have
* chu ng : S + have + O.1(person) + bare -V + O.2 ( thing)
* b ng

: S + have + O.2 (thing) + past participle

Ex: I had him repair the roof yesterday.

---- I had the roof repaired yesterday.
b. Get
* chu ng : S + get + O.1(person) + to- inf + O.2 ( thing)
* b ng

: S + get + O.2 (thing) + past participle

Ex: I will get her to cut my hair

---- I will get my hair cut.
2. Verbs of Opinion: Say, think, believe, know, report, declare.....
Co 2 dang b ng:
* chu ng:

S1 + V of pinion + (that) + clause (S2+V + O)

* b ng :

It + be + V of opinion ( PP) + (that) + clause.

Hoc:

S2 + be + V of opinion (PP) + to-inf

Ex: - They said that John is the brightest student in class.

---- It is said that John is the brightest student in class.
----- John is said to be the brightest student in class.
- They knew that Mary won the competition.
---- It was known that Mary had won the competition

---- Mary was known to have won the competition.

3. Verbs of perception ( ng t ch giac quan): see, watch, hear, .......
* chu ng : S + V + O + bare - inf / V-ing
* b ng : S + Be + V (PP) + to-inf/ V-ing
Ex: - People saw him steal your car.
---- He was seen to steal your car.
- The teacher is watching them work.
---- They are being watched working by the teacher.
PHN B: BAI TP
I. Choose the best answer:
1. Those eggs of different colors are very artistic. Yes, they .......... in Russia
a.were painted

b. were paint

c. were painting

d. painted

2. David is in prison for smoking drugs He .......... that it was against the law.
is telling

b. was told

c. told

d. tells

3. The maintenance people didnt remove the chairs from ballroom Dont the worry. They ..........
them before the dance begins
a. will have been moved

b. will have moved

c. were moved

d. moved

4. Gold .......... in California in the 19 th century.

5.

a. was discovered

b. has been discovered

c. was discover

d. they discovered

............ that military spending is extremely high.

a.We are felt

b. It feels

c. It is felt

d. We feel that it is

6. They ......... time and money doing such a thing.

a.were advised not to waste

b. were advised not to be wasted

c. were advising not to waste

d. were advising not to be wasted

7. These students ......... so much that they feel very tired and bored.

a.are made to study

c.are making to study

b. are made study

d. are made to be studied

8. I......... in the lounge for ten minutes.

a.was told waiting

b. was told to wait

c.was telling to be waited

d. was told to be waited

9. The students ....... to be at school at 8 am

a. tell

b. told

c. have told

d. were told

10. Our children ........ to school by bus every morning.

a.take

b. are taken

c. have taken d. are taking

11. Bicycles .......... in the driveway.

a. must not leave

b. must not be leaving

c. must not be left

d. must not have left

12. Beethovens Fifth Symphony ............. next weekend.

a. is going to be performed

b. has been performed

c.will be performing

d. will have performed

13Reagan ............. an actor years ago.

a. is said to be

b. was said being

c. was said have been

d. is said to have been

14. I hate ........... personal questions by nearly acquainted friends.

a. to be asking

b. to be asked

c. being asking

d. of asking

15. It .......... that learning a foreign language ............ a lot of time.

a. says/ is take

b. is saying / has been taken

c. is said/ takes

d. was said/ was taken

16.All bottles ......... .. before transportation.

a. frozen

b. were froze

c. were frozen

d. are froze

17. ..................... yet?

a. Have the letters been typed

b. Have been the letters typed

c. Have the letters typed

d. Had the letters typed

18. English has become a second language in countries like India, Nigeria or Singapore
where..........for administration, broadcasting and education.
a. is used

b. it is used

c. used

d. being used

19. The telephone .......... by Alexander Graham Bell.

a. is invented

b. is inventing

c. invented

d. was invented

20. Lots of houses ............ by the earthquake.

a. are destroying b. destroyed

c. were destroyed

d. were destroying

21. In the Us the first stage of compulsory education .......... as elementary education .
a. to be generally known

b. is generally known

c. generally known

d. is generally knowing

22. .Education ............ to be the most important element to develop a country.

a.often be considered

b. can be often considered

c. can often considered

d. can often be considered

23. The preparations .............. by the time the guests ....................

a.had been finished / arrived

b. have finished

c. had finished / were arriving

d. had been finished / were arrived

24.............. students required to wear uniforms at all times?

a.. Are

b. Do

c. Did

d. Will

25.. ............... to you yet?

a.Are the book been giving back

b. Was the book been given back

c. Has been the book given back

d. Has the book been given back

26. What he has done to me.................

a.cannot forgive

b. cannot be forgive

c. cannot forgive

d cannot be forgiving

27 . The keys .......... somewhere.

a.must have been leaving

b. must have left

c.must be leaving

d. must have been left

28. Japanese ........ at the meeting.

a.will speak

b. will spoken

c. will be spoken

d. will be speaking

29. Although he tried his best, he could not make his voice ..........
a hear

b. to hear

c. hearing

d. heard

30. .............. .in that company?

Do shoes make

b. Are shoes be made

c. Shoes are made

d. Are shoes made

31. Portuguese.......... as an official language in this city for age.

a.has been spoken

b. has been spoken

c.has spoken

d. had spoken

32. More than ten victims ......... missing in the storm last week
a.are reported to be

b. are reported to have been

c.are reporting to have been

d. are reporting to be

33. ............. by your father?

a.Did that book write

b. Did that book written

c.Was that book written

d. Was that book be writing

34. Something ............. immediately to prevent teenagers from .......... in factories and mines.
a.should be done/ being exploited

b. we should do/ exploiting

c. should do / be exploited

d. should have done / exploited

35. This car......................

a.was manufactured in Japan by Toyota last year
b.was manufactured by Toyota last year in Japan
c.was manufactured last year in Japan by Toyota
d.last year was manufactured by Toyota in Japan
36. Why.............. on time?
a.dont the exercises finish

b. werent the exercises be finished

c. arent the exercises being finished

d. arent the exercises be finished

37. No longer ........ in our office since it ...............

a.have typewriters been used / computerized
b.typewriters have been used / was computerized
c.have typewriters been used / was computerized
d.typewriters have been used / computerized
38. When ..........?
a.were computers used first

b. were computers first used

c.did computers first use

d. are computers first using

39. That machine is useless. It .......... not been used for a long time
a.is

b. was

c. did

d. has

40. Everything that ............remained a secret

a.overheard

b. had been overheard

c.had overheard

d. was overhearing

41. The refreshments...............by Karen.

a.are going to be prepared

b. are going to prepare

c are preparing

d. are to prepare

42. ..................by the police.

a.The stealing car has just been found b. The stolen car has just been found
b.The stealing car has just found

d. The stolen car has just found

43. It ..........it is parents responsibility to take good care of their children.

a. commonly says that

b. commonly to be said that

c. is commonly said that

d. is commonly saying

44. John ........a respectful and obedient student.

a. said to be

b. is said

II. Choose the best answer:

c. is said being

d. is said to be

45. People have discovered a new source of energy.

A new source of energy has discovered.
A new source of energy was discovered.
A new source of energy have been discovered
A new source of energy has been discovered
46. People say that he was born in London.
That is said he was born in London.
It was said that he was born in London.
He was said to be born in London.
He is said to have been born in London.
47. We have no seats left for the concert next Sunday.
All the seats for the concert next Sunday have been booked
All the seats were sold for the concert next Sunday.
The concert next Sunday had no seats for us.
No seats left for us for the concert next Sunday.
48.People say Chinese food is the best in the world.
Chinese food is said to be the best in the world.
I agree that Chinese food is the best in the world.
Chinese food is eaten all over the world.
No food in the world is eaten as much as Chinese food.
49. The storm blew a lot of trees down last night.
A lot of trees were blown down last night by the storm.
A lot of trees were cut down last night
The storm could have blown a lot of trees down.
The storm was strong enough to blow down old trees.

B. CU B NG: PASSIVE VOICE

I. L THUYT:
Cch i mt cu ch ng (active) sang cu b ng (passive)
1. TRNG HP 1:
Active:

Passive:

* Ch :
th .

BE

+ P.P. (+ BY + O)

- ng t (V) trong cu Active chia th no th ng t BE trong cu Passive chia

- Nhiu trng hp khng cn thit, BY + O c th b i.

* V d:

- They use this room on special occasions.

This room is used on special occasions.
- He sold his house last year.

His house was sold last year.

2. TRNG HP II:

Active:

S +

Passive:

BE

V +ING

+ BE + BEING + P.P. (+ BY + O)

* Ch : BE trong cu Active chia th no th BE trong cu Passive chia th .

* V d: - They are building a new school in this area.
A new school is being built in this area.
- The police were asking him questions when I came.

He was being asked questions by the police when I came.

3. TRNG HP III:
Active:

Passive:

+ MODAL

V (INF.)

+ MODAL + BE + P.P. (+ BY + O)

* Ch : MODAL gm c: can, could, must, may, might, would, should, ought to, used to ....
* V d: - A child can understand this problem.
-> This problem can be understood by a child.
- They could not finish the work on time.
-> The work could not be finished on time.
4. CC TRNG HP C BIT:

a. People + say / said + that + S + V: (Cu trc ny c ngha: ngi ta ni rng)

C 2 cch i cu ny sang dng b ng:

* Cch 1:

Active: People + say / said + that + S + V

Passive: It + is / was + said + that + S + V

* V d: - People say that he lives abroad.

-> It is said that he lives abroad.
- People said that this man stole the car.
-> It was said that this man stole the car.
* Cch 2:

Active:

-> Passive:

People + say / said + that + S + V .

S + is / was + said + to + V (INF.) .

* V d: - People say that he lives abroad.

-> He is said to live abroad.
- People said that this man stole the car.
-> This man was said to steal the car.
* GHI CH: Cc ng t know (bit), think (ngh), believe (tin), rumour (n), hope (hi
vng),

expect (trng mong), suppose (cho rng) cng c 30ung tng t nh

ng t say
trong trng hp tng t nh trn.
b. ng t c 2 tn ng: (Verbs of two objects)
a. Loi ng t cn gii t TO :
John gave me an English book. (1)
Cu ny c th vit li theo cch khc:
John gave an English book to me.
Cho nn khi i sang cu b ng, cu (1) c th vit thnh 2 cch:
Cch 1: I was given an English book (by John).
Cch 2: An English book was given to me (by John).

Nhng ng t cng loi vi ng t give trong cu trn l: send, show, lend,

promise, hand,
pay, read, throw, wish, offer.
b. Loi ng t cn gii t FOR :
I bought my brother some books. (2)
Cu ny c th vit li theo cch khc:
I bought some books for my brother.
Cho nn khi i sang cu b ng, cu (2) c th vit thnh 2 cch:
Cch 1: My brother was bought some books (by me).
Cch 2: Some books were bought for my brother (by me).
* Nhng ng t cng loi vi ng t buy trong cu trn l: get (mua), make (tea, coffee),
do

(a favor), save (dnh, dnh)

c. Cu hi ui: (Tag question)
A: Your brother found the key, didnt he?
B: The key was found by your brother, wasnt it?
d. Nguyn mu b ng: (Passive infinitive)
They began to beat wooden drum.
-> Wooden drum began to be beaten.
Hed like people to call him Sir.
-> Hed like to be called Sir.
e. Cu mnh lnh: (Imperative)
Write your name on this peace of paper.
-> Let your name be written on this peace of paper.
f. Phn thn b ng: (Reflexive passive)
Dont let Nam tease you.
-> Dont let yourself be teased by Nam.
He let people cheat him.
-> He let himself be cheated.
g. V + O + V+ING :
She kept me waiting.
-> I was kept waiting.
We found him working at his desk.
-> He was found working at his desk (by us).
h. V (perception) + O + V+ING :
People heard him giving orders.
-> He was heard giving orders.
i. V (perception) + O + (Bare) V:

People heard her sing a love song.

-> She was heard to sing a love song.
k. V + V+ING :
At that time, scientists began discovering Pluto and its satellites.
-> At that time, Pluto and its satellites began being discovered by scientists.
l. Suppose: You are supposed to know how to drive = It is your duty to know/ You should know
how to
drive.
m. Let : ng t nguyn mu c TO c t sau ng t b ng, tuy nhin, vi ng t LET ta
dng
ng t nguyn mu khng TO:
He made us work. -> We were made to work.
They let us go.

-> We were let go.

II. BI TP:
1. Choose the word or phrase that best complete the sentence (A, B, C, or
D):
1. Shakespeare wrote that play.
A. That play were written by Shakespeare.

B.That had been written by Shakespeare.

C.That play was written by Shakespeare.

D.That play are written by Shakespeare.

2. Alice didnt make that pie. Did Mrs Franch make it ?

A. That pie werent made by Alice. Was it made by Mrs Franch?
B.That pie wasnt made by Alice. Did it be made by Mrs Franch?
C.That pie arent made by Alice. Was it made by Mrs Franch?
A. That pie wasnt made by Alice. Was it made by Mrs franch?
3. Does Professor Jackson teach that course?
A. Is that course teached by Prof. Jackson?

B. Has that course been taught by Prof.Jackson?

C.Is that course taught by Prof.Jackson?
D. Was that course taught by Prof.Jackson?
4. James..the news as soon as possible.
A. should tell

B. should be told

C.should told

D. should be telled

C.could be opened

D. could opened

5. I tried my best, but the windows..by me.

A. could open

B.could be open

6. Good news! Ia job soon. I had an interview at an engineering firm yesterday.

A.could be offered

B. may be offered

C.should be offered

D.would be offered

C.is closed

D.closing

C.is made

D.made

7. It is hot in this room because the window.

A. closed

B.closes

8. Sarah is wearing a blouse. It of cotton.

A.be made

B.are made

9. Dont look in the hall closet. Your birhtday present.there.

A.are hidden

B.is hided

C.was hided

D.is hidden

C.shuts

D.are shut

10. The door to this room

A. is shutted

B. is shut

11. They have watched the music programme on T.V since 3 oclock.
A. The music programme on T.V have been seen since 3 oclock
B. The music programme on T.V has been seen since 3 oclock.
C. The music programme on T.V have be seen since 3 oclock.
D. The music programme on T.V had been seen since 3 oclock.
12. People said that Tom stole that bicycle.
A. Tom is said to steal that bicycle.

B. Tom is said that to steal that bicycle.

C. Tom was said to steal that bicycle.

D. Tom were said to steal that bicycle.

13. People believed that John is a good person.

A. It is believed that John is a good person.

B. It was believed that John is a good person

C. It believes that John is a good person

D. It believed that John is a good person.

14. Mary is reading newspapers now.

A. Newspapers are read by Mary now.

B. Newspapers being read by Mary now.

C. Newspapers are being read by Mary now.

D. Newspapers are reading by Mary now.

2. Change into passive:

1. They cant make tea with cold water.
2. The chief engineer was instructing all the workers of the plan.
3. Somebody has taken some of my books away.
4. They will hold the meeting before May Day.
5. They have to repair the engine of the car.
6. The boys broke the window and took away some pictures.
7. People spend a lot of money on advertising everyday.
8. They may use this room for the classroom.
9. The teacher is going to tell a story.
10. Mary is cutting the cake with a sharp knife.
11. The chicken looked at the woman with a red hat.
12. They have provided the victims with food and clothing.
13. People speak English in almost every corner of the world.
14. You mustnt use this machine after 5.30pm.
15. Luckily, for me, they didnt call my name.
16. After class, one of the students always crases the chalkboard.
17. You must clean the wall before you paint it.
18. They told the new pupil where to sit.
19. I knew that they had told him of the meeting.
20. Nobody has ever treated me with such kindness.
21. Did Ann discover the mistake?
22. Tommy didn`t break the chair.
23. She doesn`t the housework every morning.
24. She cooked the meals carefully.
25. She will put the flower vase in the living room.
26. Jane has just finished the needlework.
27. She is singing English songs now.
28. Your brother found the book, didn`t he?
29. I told the servant to shut the door.
30. I wound like to give Lan a nice present.
31. He doesn`t like people to ask him stupid question.
32. Write your name on this piece of paper.
33. They let us go out
34. I had him repair my bicycle yesterday.

35.
36.
37.
38.

They saw her come in.

She hates peple staring at her.
John gave me a nice present.
I bought my mother some flowers

B. CU B NG: PASSIVE VOICE

1. Shakespeare wrote that play.
A. That play were written by Shakespeare.

B.That had been written by Shakespeare.

C.That play was written by Shakespeare.

D.That play are written by Shakespeare.

2. Alice didnt make that pie. Did Mrs Franch make it ?

A. That pie werent made by Alice. Was it made by Mrs Franch?
B.That pie wasnt made by Alice. Did it be made by Mrs Franch?
C.That pie arent made by Alice. Was it made by Mrs Franch?
A. That pie wasnt made by Alice. Was it made by Mrs franch?
3. Does Professor Jackson teach that course?
A. Is that course teached by Prof. Jackson?
B. Has that course been taught by Prof.Jackson?
C.Is that course taught by Prof.Jackson?
D. Was that course taught by Prof.Jackson?
4. James..the news as soon as possible.
A. should tell

B. should be told

C.should told

D. should be telled

C.could be opened

D. could opened

5. I tried my best, but the windows..by me.

A. could open

B.could be open

6. Good news! Ia job soon. I had an interview at an engineering firm yesterday.

A.could be offered

B. may be offered

C.should be offered

D.would be offered

C.is closed

D.closing

7. It is hot in this room because the window.

A. closed

B.closes

8. Sarah is wearing a blouse. It of cotton.

A.be made

B.are made

C.is made

D.made

9. Dont look in the hall closet. Your birhtday present.there.

A.are hidden

B.is hided

C.was hided

D.is hidden

C.shuts

D.are shut

10. The door to this room

A. is shutted

B. is shut

11. They have watched the music programme on T.V since 3 oclock.
A. The music programme on T.V have been seen since 3 oclock
B. The music programme on T.V has been seen since 3 oclock.
C. The music programme on T.V have be seen since 3 oclock.
D. The music programme on T.V had been seen since 3 oclock.
12. People said that Tom stole that bicycle.
A. Tom is said to steal that bicycle.

B. Tom is said that to steal that bicycle.

C. Tom was said to steal that bicycle.

D. Tom were said to steal that bicycle.

13. People believed that John is a good person.

A. It is believed that John is a good person.

B. It was believed that John is a good person

C. It believes that John is a good person

D. It believed that John is a good person.

14. Mary is reading newspapers now.

A. Newspapers are read by Mary now.

B. Newspapers being read by Mary now.

C. Newspapers are being read by Mary now.

D. Newspapers are reading by Mary now.

2. Change into passive:

1. They cant make tea with cold water.
2. The chief engineer was instructing all the workers of the plan.
3. Somebody has taken some of my books away.
4. They will hold the meeting before May Day.
5. They have to repair the engine of the car.
6. The boys broke the window and took away some pictures.
7. People spend a lot of money on advertising everyday.
8. They may use this room for the classroom.
9. The teacher is going to tell a story.
10. Mary is cutting the cake with a sharp knife.
11. The chicken looked at the woman with a red hat.

12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.

They have provided the victims with food and clothing.

People speak English in almost every corner of the world.
You mustnt use this machine after 5.30pm.
Luckily, for me, they didnt call my name.
After class, one of the students always crases the chalkboard.
You must clean the wall before you paint it.
They told the new pupil where to sit.
I knew that they had told him of the meeting.
Nobody has ever treated me with such kindness.
Did Ann discover the mistake?
Tommy didn`t break the chair.
She doesn`t the housework every morning.
She cooked the meals carefully.
She will put the flower vase in the living room.
Jane has just finished the needlework.
She is singing English songs now.
Your brother found the book, didn`t he?
I told the servant to shut the door.
I wound like to give Lan a nice present.
He doesn`t like people to ask him stupid question.
Write your name on this piece of paper.
They let us go out
I had him repair my bicycle yesterday.
They saw her come in.
She hates peple staring at her.
John gave me a nice present.
I bought my mother some flowers

C. MNH QUAN H: RELATIVE CLAUSES:

1. Fill in the blanks with relative pronouns or relative adverbs.

1. Alexander Fleming, ____ discovered penicillin received the Nobel prize in 1945.
2. The book ____ I need cant be found in the library.
3. Here is the beech ____ is the safest for swimmers.
4. Do you know the American woman ____ name is Margaret Michell?
5. Jim, ____ I have known for ten years is one of my closest friends.
6. John found a cat ____ leg was broken.
7. This tree, ____ branches are dry should be cut down.

8. The child smiled at the woman ____ he didnt know.

9. Children enjoy reading the books ____ have coloured pictures.
10. The noise ____ he made woke up everybody.
11. The house ____ walls and roof are made of glass is a green house.
12. Rod lee ____ sister I know is a film actor.
13. We saw many soldiers and tanks ____ were moving to the front.
14. We must find a time ___ we can meet and a place ____ we can talk.
15. I know a place ____ roses grow in abundance.
16. The teacher with ____ we studied last year no longer teaches in our school.
17. This is the house ____ we have lived for five years.
18. Tom has three sister, all of ____ are married.
19. This doctor, ____ you visited yesterday, is very famous.
20. The day ____ she left was rainy.

2. Use a relative pronoun or relative adverb to combine each pair of

sentences below:
1. The student is from China. He sits next to me.
...

2. I thanked the woman. This woman had helped me.

...

3. Jim passed the exam. This surprised everybody.

...

4. You sent me a present. Thank you for it.

...

5. You didnt tell us the reason. We have to cut down our daily expenses for that reason.
...

6. The reason is not valid. You gave it yesterday.

...

7. The day is rainy. She left on that day.

...

8. A man brought in a small girl. Her hand had been cut.

...

9. Our school has a good laboratory. The students practise chemistry in the laboratory.
...

10. My father goes swimming everyday. You met him this morning.