Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
By Jack R. Blann
2/9/2008
2/9/2008
2/9/2008
2/9/2008
2/9/2008
2/9/2008
2/9/2008
10
Production Pressure
factor =
Ratio of Area of Port to
Area of Bellows
2/9/2008
11
2/9/2008
12
2/9/2008
13
14
2/9/2008
15
2/9/2008
16
2/9/2008
17
2/9/2008
18
19
2/9/2008
20
2/9/2008
21
2/9/2008
22
Gradient Curve
2/9/2008
23
Gradient Curve
2/9/2008
24
2/9/2008
25
2/9/2008
26
2/9/2008
27
2/9/2008
28
2/9/2008
29
z
z
z
z
z
z
z
z
z
z
z
z
z
z
Well Information
z Flowing
2/9/2008
30
Well Information
Static fluid level = 0 ft.
z Surface kickoff injection-gas pressure, Pko = 1000 psig.
z Surface operating injection-gas pressure, Pio = 1000
psig.
z Maximum unloading injection-gas rate, qgiu = 800
Mscf/D.
z Operating daily injection-gas rate, qgi = 500 Mscf/D.
z Wellhead injection-gas temperature, Tgio = 100oF
z Assigned valve-spacing pressure differential at valve
depth, PsD = 50 psi.
z Test rack valve temperature, Tvo = 60oF.
z Assigned minimum decrease in surface operating
injection-gas pressure between valves, Pio = 20 psi.
z Minimum distance between valves, Dbv(min) = 150 ft.
Gas lift valves : 1.5 inch O.D. nitrogen charged with Ab =31
z
2/9/2008
0.77 in2, and sharp edged seat.
z
32
2/9/2008
33
2/9/2008
34
Gradient Curve
2/9/2008
35
2/9/2008
36
Step 4
Calculate the operating injection gas pressure at the lower end of the
production conduit.
where:
z
Pio = injection-gas pressure at surface, psia
z
PioD = injection-gas pressure at depth, psia
z
e = Napierian logarithm base = 2.718.
z
g = gas specific gravity (air = 1.0), dimensionless.
z
D = true vertical depth of gas column, ft.
z
bar T = average gas column temperature, R
z
bar z = compressibility factor based on gas column average
pressure P and temperature, T, dimensionless.
2/9/2008
37
38
39
Step 6
Dv1 = depth of top valve, ft
Pko = surface kick-off or average field injection-gas pressure
(optional), psig
Pwhu = surface wellhead U-tubing (unloading) pressure, psig
PsD = assigned spacing pressure differential at valve depth, psi
where
gls
= static-load (kill) fluid pressure gradient, psi/ft
ggio = injection-gas pressure at depth gradient, psi/ft
Step 6:
2/9/2008
Dv1 =
Dv1 =
41
42
Step 8
Calculate the depth of the second gas-lift
valve, Dv2, where n = 2 on the basis of the
assigned minimum decrease in surface injectiongas pressure, pio, for spacing the gas-lift valves
and the PioD-traverse.
A valve spacing differential of around 20 to 30
psi will usually be sufficient for most 1.5-in. OD
gas-lift valves. However, 1-in. OD valves with
large ports may require a higher, pio. This can
be checked by calculating the additional
production-pressure effect, Ppe1, after the valve
depths are calculated for the assigned pio.
2/9/2008
43
44
45
2/9/2008
46
2/9/2008
47
2/9/2008
48
49
50
Step2
Record the valve specifications for a l.5-in. OD
gas-lift valve having a 1/4-in. ID port with a
sharp-edged seat where Ab = 0.77 sq. in.
from table:
(Ap/Ab) = 0.064,
(1 Ap /Ab) = 0.936,
and Fp = 0.068.
2/9/2008
51
2/9/2008
52
2/9/2008
53
123oF):
Pvo1 = 0.876 (1006)/0.936 = 942 psig at 60 oF
Step 6
54
55
2/9/2008
56
57
2/9/2008
58
2/9/2008
59
2/9/2008
60
2/9/2008
62
2/9/2008
63
2/9/2008
64
65
z
z
z
z
z
z
z
z
z
z
z
z
z
z
z
z
z
z
66
z
z
z
z
z
z
67
2/9/2008
68
2/9/2008
69
2/9/2008
70
71