Suggested Grammatical Structures for Secondary Schools

The verb To be past and present; questions, negative and affirmative

statements.
The present continuous tense: open and closed question, short replies.
The present simple tense (Habit): questions and negative and affirmatives

statements.
The past tense: use with the adverbials; open and closed questions,

affirmatives, negative and affirmative statements.

The present perfect tense (just, already, yet): open and closed question,

negative and affirmative statements.

Present Perfect Continuous Tense.
Past Continuous Tense: being while in contrast with when.
The Simple Past Tense: negative, affirmative statements, questions.
The Past Perfect Tense: negative, affirmative statements, questions.
The Past Perfect Continuous Tense: negative, affirmative statements,

question.
Simple Future Tense:
a) Negative, affirmative statements, questions.
b) Use of shall and will conveying the idea of determination, promise or

threat.
c) Use of shall I, shall we, indicating offer or help or suggestion.
Present Continuous Tense: negative, affirmative statements, questions.
Future Continuous Tense: negative, affirmative statements, questions.
Present Perfect Tense for the future: e.g. I shall wait until he has finished.
Future Perfect Tense: negative, affirmative statements, question.
The Passive: negative and affirmative statements; questions and short

replies.
Auxiliary verbs: negatives and affirmative statements; questions and short

replies.
Obligation, lack of obligation, past and present, negative and affirmatives
statements; questions (must, should, ought to, should have, need not have,

could have).
Used to: My uncle used to help me.
Comparison: as, more, less.
Noun clause as object and subject, present and past sequence with and
without indirect object. Example: He said that he had finished his work.

Conjunctions: and, but, both, as well as, not only, but also, where, so that,
either --- or, neither ---nor, else, however, nevertheless.
Adverb clause: Using when, until, while.
Adjective clause: using where, when, why, who, who, that, whose, which.
Infinitive patterns with to: the teacher told them to work much harder.
Too and enough.
The indirect object.
a. With to and for
Example: he gave money to his younger brother. Shamim prepared a
meal for her brother.
b. Other preposition with pronoun. He handed in his exercise-book.
Use of apostrophe.
Sentence building.
Adjective + Subject + Verb : A large, red car arrived.
Subject + Adjective phrase + Verb e.g. The car with the broken window

arrived.
Subject + Verb +Object + Indirect Object: The woman gave the young

man in the blue suit, a letter in an envelope.

Subject + Verb + Object + Complement: He set the animal free.

Adverbs:
Formation of adverbs
Position of adverbs
Adverb phrase.
Before the verb.
At the end of the sentence.
Pronoun:
o Reflexive
o Relative
o Possessive
Somebody, anybody
Something, anything
Measures, quantity, length and distance.
Comparative, superlative, less, the most, the least.
Suffixes and Prefixes
Words to be used as both verbs and nouns: e.g. Help, wait, rest, try, work,

reign.
Interrogative: direct and indirect
Indirect commands.

Adverbial clause of time: as soon as, while, etc.

Reasons and purpose: because, so that, although, etc, Condition result: if,
unless, etc.
Use of Let

o Showing suggestion. Let him go, at once.

o Use of lets showing suggestion: Lets go there, now.
Going to: instead of will or shall for sth likely or vey likely to happen. Its
going to rain.
Adjective clause:
o Defining: The new book was not in the library.
o Non-defining: The book that I wanted was not I the library.
Relative Clause:
o Commission: Ill give you anything (that) you asked for.
o When we say the day, the time that something happened: Do you still

remember the day (that) we first met?

Omission of infinitives.
Participle ing clauses : Feeling tired, I went to bed early.
Verb + infinitive.
Exceptions and special usages after dare, seem, appear and pretend. : I

pretended to be reading.
Infinitive or ing: like , would like:
o Like, enjoy, cant bear, dislike, mind, cant stand. I enjoy being alone.

Do you like cooking?

o Would like and infinitive: Would you like to come to the party?
Indirect narration.
Contracted forms.