Icon Glossary

Z3

Center Cutting

Workpiece
Material Group

Steels

Stainless Steels

Lengths

Cast Iron

Coatings
ALtima

Icon Glossary

Number of Flutes

Special Alloys
TiAlN

TiCN

TiN

Fordlube

Non-Ferrous

30

Helix Angle

Ball Nose

Technical Information

Hardened Steels
(35-65Rc)

Neck Relief
N

Corner Radius

Shank

HB

Shank/DIN

DIN6535

Chipbreaker
Chipbreaker

For product information, call your local distributor.

219

End Mill Troubleshooting

Technical Information

x
x

x
x
x

x
x

x
x

x
x
x

x
x
x

Formulas
Inch
RPM=SFM x 3.82/Tool Diameter
IPM=RPM x number of teeth x (inches/tooth)

Metric
RPM=SMM x 318.057/Tool Diameter
mm/min.=RPM x number of teeth x (mm/tooth)

Conversion Inch to Metric

SMM=SFM x .3048
mm/min.= IPM x 25.4

Conversion Metric to Inch

SFM=SMM/.3048
IPM= (mm/min.)/25.4

Safety Note
Always wear the appropriate personal protective equipment such as safety
glasses and protective clothing when using solid carbide or HSS cutting
tools. Machines should be fully guarded. Technical data provided should
be considered advisory only as variations may be necessary depending on
the particular application.

220

Balance Holder & Tool

Tool Holder

Increase Feed

Reduce Feed

Plunge Cutting

Insufficient Coolant

Inadequate Number of Flutes

Chip Evacuation

Dull Tool

Finish

Fixturing

Coolant

Depth of Cut

Increase Speed

x
x

Reduce Speed

Runout

Increase Rake Angle

Handling

x
x

Recutting Chips

x
x

Material

Chipping
Chatter
Built Up Edge
Breakage
Chip Packing
Poor Slotting
Premature Wear
Chip Welding
Cratering

Reduce Inches/tooth

Problem

Increase Inches/tooth

Possible Solutions

Rigidity

End Mill Troubleshooting

End Mills Technical Information

M.A. Ford Phone: 800-553-8024 or 563-391-6220 email: sales@maford.com www.maford.com

Series 177/179 Inch

Slotting

Coolant
Workpiece
Material
Group

25% Axial 50% Axial

Examples
Air

Stainless
M
Steels

Special
Alloys

Cast
Irons

Free Machining
Low Carbon
Medium Carbon
Alloy Steels
High Strength Alloys
Structural Steels
Die/Tool Steels
Free Machining
Moderate Stainless
Difficult Stainless
PH Stainless
Cobalt Chrome Alloys
Duplex (22%)
Super Duplex (25%)
High Temp Alloys
Titanium Alloys
Gray Cast Iron
SG Iron
Ductile Cast Iron
Malleable Iron

MMS
Type

x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x

x
x

500
500
300
250
250
500
200
300
250
200
125
150
125
100
150
175
400
350
300
300

Preferred
Possible
x Not Possible

500
500
300
250
250
500
200
300
250
200
125
150
125
100
150
175
400
350
300
300

2400
2400
1100
500
500
2400
400
500
500
350
250
250
250
200
250
425
1500
1200
500
400

2250
2250
1030
480
480
2250
390
485
390
330
245
245
245
195
240
400
1420
1130
485
385

SFM
2050
2050
950
450
450
2050
380
460
380
320
240
230
230
180
220
380
1315
1050
460
375

1850
1850
875
430
430
1850
370
450
370
300
235
225
225
180
215
350
1210
980
450
360

If axial depth is less than the ball diameter, the speed

is figured using the effective cutting diameter.
Tool Diameter

Workpiece Material
Group

Examples

1/16

1/8

3/16

1/4

5/16

3/8

1/2

5/8

3/4

1.0

Inches/Tooth

Steels

Stainless
Steels

Special Alloys

Cast Irons

Free Machining
Low Carbon
Medium Carbon
Alloy Steels
High Strength Alloys
Structural Steels
Die/Tool Steels
Free Machining
Moderate Stainless
Difficult Stainless
PH Stainless
Cobalt Chrome Alloys
Duplex (22%)
Super Duplex (25%)

.0002 .0004 .0007

.0010- .0013- .0016- .0020- .0026- .0031- .0035.0016 .0021 .0026 .0031 .0033 .0035 .0051

.0002 .0004 .0007

.0010- .0012- .0012- .0020- .0020- .0022- .0024.0016 .0021 .0026 .0031 .0033 .0035 .0039

High Temp Alloys

.0001 .0002 .0008

.0005- .0007- .0007- .0010- .0010- .0011- .0012.0008 .0011 .0013 .0016 .0017 .0018 .0020

Gray Cast Iron

SG Iron
Ductile Cast Iron
Malleable Iron

.0002 .0004 .0007

.0007- .0010- .0015- .0018- .0024- .0028- .0024.0016 .0022 .0028 .0033 .0035 .0039 .0050

Titanium Alloys

Example: Profile Milling

1) Select Material from chart.
2) Select Tool Size.
3) Select feed per tooth.
4) Figure percentage of clutter Diameter Radial Cut Depth.
5) Select Chip Load Factor for Radial Depth.
6) Multiply Chip Load Factor x Feed per Tooth.
7) Answer: New Feed per Tooth.
8) New Feed per Tooth x Number of Teeth x RPM = IPM
(Inches per Minute)

Example:Slotting
1) Select Material from chart.
2) Select Tool Size.
3) Select feed per tooth from chart.
4) Multiply Feed per Tooth x Number of Teeth x RPM.
5) Answer: IPM (Inches per Minute)

1660
1660
790
400
400
1660
360
430
360
295
230
215
215
170
200
325
1100
900
430
345

1260
1260
620
350
350
1260
300
380
320
260
195
190
185
140
180
275
860
710
380
330

500
500
300
250
250
500
200
300
250
200
125
150
125
100
150
175
400
350
300
300

Spindle Max.
Should the Calculated
Spindle Speed be more than
your actual Spindle Max.,
Use Formula Below:
Calculated Feed x Spindle Max.
Calculated Speed

During Profile Milling less

than 50% of the cutter
diameter radial depth,
the actual chipload at the
cutting edge is less than
the programmed chip load.
Below are Chip Load factors
depending on Radial Depth
Percentage. Multiply your
inches per tooth by the factor
before figuring your IPM.
Radial Depth in
Percentage of
Cutter Diameter
50%
30%
20%
15%
10%
5%
1%

Increase Chip
Load Factor
1.00
1.10
1.20
1.40
1.80
2.30
5.00

Technical data provided should be considered advisory only as variations may be necessary depending on the particular application.

221

For product information, call your local distributor.

Technical Information

Series 177/179 Inch

Max

Steels

1 x Diameter Axial Depth

Profiling
Small Radial Depth ===========> Largest Radial Depth
1% of
5% of
10% of
15% of
20% of
30% of
50% of
Dia.
Dia.
Dia.
Dia.
Dia.
Dia.
Dia.

End Mills Technical Information

Series 177/179 Metric
Slotting

Coolant
Workpiece
Material
Group

25% Axial 50% Axial

Examples

Technical Information

Stainless
M
Steels

Special
Alloys

Cast
Irons

Free Machining
Low Carbon
Medium Carbon
Alloy Steels
High Strength Alloys
Structural Steels
Die/Tool Steels
Free Machining
Moderate Stainless
Difficult Stainless
PH Stainless
Cobalt Chrome Alloys
Duplex (22%)
Super Duplex (25%)
High Temp Alloys
Titanium Alloys
Gray Cast Iron
SG Iron
Ductile Cast Iron
Malleable Iron

MMS
Type

x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x

x
x

150
150
90
75
75
150
60
90
75
60
40
45
40
30
45
55
120
105
90
90

Preferred
Possible
x Not Possible

150
150
90
75
75
150
60
90
75
60
40
45
40
30
45
55
120
105
90
90

730
730
335
150
150
730
120
150
150
105
75
75
75
60
75
125
450
365
150
120

SMM
620
620
290
130
130
620
115
140
115
95
75
75
75
55
75
115
400
320
140
110

685
685
310
140
140
685
115
145
115
100
75
75
75
60
75
120
430
345
145
115

565
565
260
130
130
565
110
135
110
90
70
70
70
55
70
105
360
295
130
105

500
500
240
120
120
500
110
130
105
90
70
70
70
50
60
100
335
275
130
105

Examples

Stainless
Steels

Free Machining
Moderate Stainless
Difficult Stainless
PH Stainless
Cobalt Chrome Alloys
Duplex (22%)
Super Duplex (25%)

Special Alloys

Steels

10

12

16

18

25

.066

.066.083

.078.088

.088.129

Should the Calculated

Spindle Speed be more than
your actual Spindle Max.,
Use Formula Below:
Calculated Feed x Spindle Max.

.005

.010

.017

.025.040

.033.053

.040

.005

.010

.017

.025.040

.033.053

.040

.066

.066.083

.078.088

.088.129

High Temp Alloys

.002

.005

.020

.012.020

.017.027

.017.033

.025.040

.025.043

.027.045

.030.050

Gray Cast Iron

SG Iron
Ductile Cast Iron
Malleable Iron

.005

.010

.017

.017.040

.025.055

.038.071

.045.083

.060.088

.071.099

.060.127

Titanium Alloys

Cast Irons

150
150
90
75
75
150
60
90
75
60
40
45
40
30
45
55
120
105
90
90

Spindle Max.

mm/Tooth
Free Machining
Low Carbon
Medium Carbon
Alloy Steels
High Strength Alloys
Structural Steels
Die/Tool Steels

380
380
180
105
105
380
90
115
95
75
60
60
60
45
55
80
250
215
115
100

If axial depth is less than the ball diameter, the speed

is figured using the effective cutting diameter.
Tool Diameter (mm)

Workpiece Material
Group

Series 177/179 Metric

Air
Max

Steels

1 x Diameter Axial Depth

Profiling
Small Radial Depth ===========> Largest Radial Depth
1% of
5% of
10% of
15% of
20% of
30% of
50% of
Dia.
Dia.
Dia.
Dia.
Dia.
Dia.
Dia.

Example: Profile Milling

1) Select Material from chart.
2) Select Tool Size.
3) Select feed per tooth.
4) Figure percentage of clutter Diameter Radial Cut Depth.
5) Select Chip Load Factor for Radial Depth.
6) Multiply Chip Load Factor x Feed per Tooth.
7) Answer: New Feed per Tooth.
8) RPM x New Feed per Tooth x number of Teeth = mm/min
(Millimeters per Minute)

Example:Slotting
1) Select Material from chart.
2) Select Tool Size.
3) Select feed per tooth from chart.
4) Multiply Feed per Tooth x Number of Teeth x RPM.
5) Answer: mm/min (Millimeters per Minute)

Calculated Speed

During Profile Milling less

than 50% of the cutter
diameter radial depth,
the actual chipload at the
cutting edge is less than
the programmed chip load.
Below are Chip Load factors
depending on Radial Depth
Percentage. Multiply your
inches per tooth by the factor
before figuring your IPM.
Radial Depth in
Percentage of
Cutter Diameter
50%
30%

Increase Chip
Load Factor

20%
15%
10%
5%
1%

M.A. Ford Phone: 800-553-8024 or 563-391-6220 email: sales@maford.com www.maford.com

1.00
1.10
1.20
1.40
1.80
2.30
5.00

222

Series 178 Inch

1 x Diameter Axial Depth
Coolant
Workpiece
Material
Group

Examples
Air

Stainless
M
Steels

Special
Alloys

Cast
Irons

Free Machining
Low Carbon
Medium Carbon
Alloy Steels
High Strength Alloys
Structural Steels
Die/Tool Steels
Free Machining
Moderate Stainless
Difficult Stainless
PH Stainless
Cobalt Chrome Alloys
Duplex (22%)
Super Duplex (25%)
High Temp Alloys
Titanium Alloys
Gray Cast Iron
SG Iron
Ductile Cast Iron
Malleable Iron

MMS
Type

x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x

x
x

2400
2400
1100
500
500
2400
400
500
500
350
250
250
250
200
250
425
1500
1200
500
400

2250
2250
1030
480
480
2250
390
485
390
330
245
245
245
195
240
400
1420
1130
485
385

Spindle Max.

SFM
1850
1850
875
430
430
1850
370
450
370
300
235
225
225
180
215
350
1210
980
450
360

2050
2050
950
450
450
2050
380
460
380
320
240
230
230
180
220
380
1315
1050
460
375

1660
1660
790
400
400
1660
360
430
360
295
230
215
215
170
200
325
1100
900
430
345

1260
1260
620
350
350
1260
300
380
320
260
195
190
185
140
180
275
860
710
380
330

500
500
300
250
250
500
200
300
250
200
125
150
125
100
150
175
400
350
300
300

Should the Calculated

Spindle Speed be more than
your actual Spindle Max.,
Use Formula Below:
Calculated Feed x Spindle Max.
Calculated Speed

Preferred
Possible
x Not Possible

Tool Diameter
Workpiece Material
Group

1/16

Examples

1/8

3/16

1/4

5/16

3/8

1/2

5/8

3/4

1.0

Inches/Tooth

Free Machining
Low Carbon
Medium Carbon
Alloy Steels
High Strength Alloys
Structural Steels
Die/Tool Steels

Stainless
Steels

Free Machining
Moderate Stainless
Difficult Stainless
PH Stainless
Cobalt Chrome Alloys
Duplex (22%)
Super Duplex (25%)

Special Alloys

Cast Irons

Steels

.0002 .0004 .0007

.0010- .0013- .0016- .0020- .0026- .0031- .0035.0016 .0021 .0026 .0031 .0033 .0035 .0051

.0002 .0004 .0007

.0010- .0012- .0012- .0020- .0020- .0022- .0024.0016 .0021 .0026 .0031 .0033 .0035 .0039

High Temp Alloys

.0001 .0002 .0008

.0005- .0007- .0007- .0010- .0010- .0011- .0012.0008 .0011 .0013 .0016 .0017 .0018 .0020

Gray Cast Iron

SG Iron
Ductile Cast Iron
Malleable Iron

.0002 .0004 .0007

.0007- .0010- .0015- .0018- .0024- .0028- .0024.0016 .0022 .0028 .0033 .0035 .0039 .0050

Titanium Alloys

During Profile Milling less

than 50% of the cutter
diameter radial depth,
the actual chipload at the
cutting edge is less than
the programmed chip load.
Below are Chip Load factors
depending on Radial Depth
Percentage. Multiply your
inches per tooth by the factor
before figuring your IPM.

Radial Depth in
Percentage of
Cutter Diameter
50%
30%
20%
15%
10%
5%
1%

Increase Chip
Load Factor
1.00
1.10
1.20
1.40
1.80
2.30
5.00

Example: Profile Milling

1) Select Material from chart.
2) Select Tool Size.
3) Select feed per tooth.
4) Figure percentage of cutter Diameter Radial Cut Depth.
5) Select Chip Load Factor for Radial Depth.
6) Multiply Chip Load Factor x Feed per Tooth.
7) Answer: New Feed per Tooth.
8)New Feed per Tooth x Number of Teeth x RPM = IPM (Inches per Minute)

Technical data provided should be considered advisory only as variations may be necessary depending on the particular application.

223

For product information, call your local distributor.

Technical Information

Series 178 Inch

Max

Steels

Profiling
Small Radial Depth ===========> Large Radial Depth
1% of
5% of
10% of
15% of
20% of
30% of
50% of
Dia.
Dia.
Dia.
Dia.
Dia.
Dia.
Dia.

End Mills Technical Information

Series 178 Metric
1 x Diameter Axial Depth
Profiling
Small Radial Depth ===========> Large Radial Depth
1% of
5% of
10% of
15% of
20% of
30% of
50% of
Dia.
Dia.
Dia.
Dia.
Dia.
Dia.
Dia.

Examples
Air
Max

Steels

Stainless
M
Steels

Special
Alloys

Cast
Irons

Free Machining
Low Carbon
Medium Carbon
Alloy Steels
High Strength Alloys
Structural Steels
Die/Tool Steels
Free Machining
Moderate Stainless
Difficult Stainless
PH Stainless
Cobalt Chrome Alloys
Duplex (22%)
Super Duplex (25%)
High Temp Alloys
Titanium Alloys
Gray Cast Iron
SG Iron
Ductile Cast Iron
Malleable Iron

Calculated Feed x Spindle Max.

MMS
Type

x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x

x
x

Should the Calculated

Spindle Speed be more than
your actual Spindle Max.,
Use Formula Below:

730
730
335
150
150
730
120
150
150
105
75
75
75
60
75
125
450
365
150
120

685
685
310
140
140
685
115
145
115
100
75
75
75
60
75
120
430
345
145
115

620
620
290
130
130
620
115
140
115
95
75
75
75
55
75
115
400
320
140
110

SMM
565
565
260
130
130
565
110
135
110
90
70
70
70
55
70
105
360
295
130
105

500
500
240
120
120
500
110
130
105
90
70
70
70
50
60
100
335
275
130
105

380
380
180
105
105
380
90
115
95
75
60
60
60
45
55
80
250
215
115
100

150
150
90
75
75
150
60
90
75
60
40
45
40
30
45
55
120
105
90
90

Calculated Speed

Series 178 Metric

Coolant
Workpiece
Material
Group

Spindle Max.

Preferred
Possible
x Not Possible

Technical Information

Tool Diameter (mm)

Workpiece Material
Group

Examples

10

12

16

18

25

mm/Tooth

Steels

Stainless
Steels

Special Alloys

Free Machining
Low Carbon
Medium Carbon
Alloy Steels
High Strength Alloys
Structural Steels
Die/Tool Steels
Free Machining
Moderate Stainless
Difficult Stainless
PH Stainless
Cobalt Chrome Alloys
Duplex (22%)
Super Duplex (25%)

.005

.010

.017

.025.040

.033.053

.040

.066

.066.083

.078.088

.088.129

.005

.010

.017

.025.040

.033.053

.040

.066

.066.083

.078.088

.088.129

High Temp Alloys

.002

.005

.020

.012.020

.017.027

.017.033

.025.040

.025.043

.027.045

.030.050

Gray Cast Iron

SG Iron
Ductile Cast Iron
Malleable Iron

.005

.010

.017

.017.040

.025.055

.038.071

.045.083

.060.088

.071.099

.060.127

Titanium Alloys

Cast Irons

During Profile Milling less

than 50% of the cutter
diameter radial depth,
the actual chipload at the
cutting edge is less than
the programmed chip load.
Below are Chip Load factors
depending on Radial Depth
Percentage. Multiply your
inches per tooth by the factor
before figuring your IPM.

Radial Depth in
Percentage of
Cutter Diameter
50%
30%
20%
15%
10%
5%
1%

Increase Chip
Load Factor
1.00
1.10
1.20
1.40
1.80
2.30
5.00

Technical data provided

should be considered advisory only as variations may
be necessary depending on
the particular application.

Example: Profile Milling

1) Select Material from chart.
2) Select Tool Size.
3) Select feed per tooth.
4) Figure percentage of cutter Diameter Radial Cut Depth.
5) Select Chip Load Factor for Radial Depth.
6) Multiply Chip Load Factor x Feed per Tooth.
7) Answer: New Feed per Tooth.
8) RPM x New Feed per Tooth x number of Teeth = mm/min. (mm per Minute)

M.A. Ford Phone: 800-553-8024 or 563-391-6220 email: sales@maford.com www.maford.com

224

Series 180 Inch

1 x Diameter Axial Depth

Workpiece
Material
Group

Examples

Series 180 Inch

Stainless
M
Steels

Special
Alloys

Cast
Irons

Spindle Max.
Should the Calculated
Spindle Speed be more than
your actual Spindle Max.,
Use Formula Below:

Air
Max

Steels

Profiling
Small Radial Depth ==========> Large Radial Depth
1% of
5% of
10% of
15% of
20% of
Dia.
Dia.
Dia.
Dia.
Dia.

Free Machining
Low Carbon
Medium Carbon
Alloy Steels
High Strength Alloys
Structural Steels
Die/Tool Steels
Free Machining
Moderate Stainless
Difficult Stainless
PH Stainless
Cobalt Chrome Alloys
Duplex (22%)
Super Duplex (25%)
High Temp Alloys
Titanium Alloys
Gray Cast Iron
SG Iron
Ductile Cast Iron
Malleable Iron

MMS
Type

x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x

x
x

2400
2400
1100
500
500
2400
400
500
500
350
250
250
250
200
250
425
1500
1200
500
400

2250
2250
1030
480
480
2250
390
485
390
330
245
245
245
195
240
400
1420
1130
485
385

SFM
2050
2050
950
450
450
2050
380
460
380
320
240
230
230
180
220
380
1315
1050
460
375

1850
1850
875
430
430
1850
370
450
370
300
235
225
225
180
215
350
1210
980
450
360

1660
1660
790
400
400
1660
360
430
360
295
230
215
215
170
200
325
1100
900
430
345

Calculated Feed x Spindle Max.

Calculated Speed

Preferred
Possible
x Not Possible
Tool Diameter
Workpiece Material
Group

1/2

Examples

5/8

3/4

1.0

Inches/Tooth

Steels

Stainless
Steels

Special Alloys

Cast Irons

Free Machining
Low Carbon
Medium Carbon
Alloy Steels
High Strength Alloys
Structural Steels
Die/Tool Steels
Free Machining
Moderate Stainless
Difficult Stainless
PH Stainless
Cobalt Chrome Alloys
Duplex (22%)
Super Duplex (25%)

.0020- .0026- .0031- .0035.0031 .0033 .0035 .0051

.0020- .0020- .0022- .0024.0031 .0033 .0035 .0039

Titanium Alloys
High Temp Alloys

.0010- .0010- .0011- .0012.0016 .0017 .0018 .0020

Gray Cast Iron

SG Iron
Ductile Cast Iron
Malleable Iron

.0018- .0024- .0028- .0024.0033 .0035 .0039 .0050

During Profile Milling less

than 50% of the cutter
diameter radial depth,
the actual chipload at the
cutting edge is less than
the programmed chip load.
Below are Chip Load factors
depending on Radial Depth
Percentage. Multiply your
inches per tooth by the factor
before figuring your IPM.
Radial Depth in
Percentage of
Cutter Diameter
20%
15%
10%
5%
1%

Increase Chip
Load Factor
1.20
1.40
1.80
2.30
5.00

Example: Profile Milling

1) Select Material from chart.
2) Select Tool Size.
3) Select feed per tooth.
4) Figure percentage of cutter Diameter Radial Cut Depth.
5) Select Chip Load Factor for Radial Depth.
6) Multiply Chip Load Factor x Feed per Tooth.
7) Answer: New Feed per Tooth.
8) New Feed per Tooth x Number of Teeth x RPM = IPM (Inches per Minute)

Technical data provided should be considered advisory only as variations may be necessary depending on the particular application.

225

For product information, call your local distributor.

Technical Information

Coolant

End Mills Technical Information

Series 180 Metric
1 x Diameter Axial Depth
Profiling
Small Radial Depth =========> Large Radial Depth
1% of
5% of
10% of
15% of
20% of
Dia.
Dia.
Dia.
Dia.
Dia.

Workpiece
Material
Group

Examples
Air
Max

Steels

Technical Information

Stainless
M
Steels

Special
Alloys

Cast
Irons

Spindle Max.
Should the Calculated
Spindle Speed be more than
your actual Spindle Max.,
Use Formula Below:

Free Machining
Low Carbon
Medium Carbon
Alloy Steels
High Strength Alloys
Structural Steels
Die/Tool Steels
Free Machining
Moderate Stainless
Difficult Stainless
PH Stainless
Cobalt Chrome Alloys
Duplex (22%)
Super Duplex (25%)
High Temp Alloys
Titanium Alloys
Gray Cast Iron
SG Iron
Ductile Cast Iron
Malleable Iron

MMS
Type

x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x

x
x

730
730
335
150
150
730
120
150
150
105
75
75
75
60
75
130
455
365
150
120

SMM
625
625
290
135
135
625
115
140
115
95
75
70
70
55
70
115
400
320
140
115

685
685
310
145
145
685
115
145
115
100
75
75
75
60
75
120
430
345
145
115

565
565
265
130
130
565
110
135
110
90
70
65
65
55
65
105
365
295
135
110

Calculated Feed x Spindle Max.

505
505
240
120
120
505
110
130
105
90
70
65
65
50
60
100
335
275
130
105

Calculated Speed

Series 180 Metric

Coolant

Preferred
Possible
x Not Possible
Tool Diameter (mm)
Workpiece Material
Group

Examples

12

16

18

25

mm/Tooth

Free Machining
Low Carbon
Medium Carbon
Alloy Steels
High Strength Alloys
Structural Steels
Die/Tool Steels

Stainless
Steels

Free Machining
Moderate Stainless
Difficult Stainless
PH Stainless
Cobalt Chrome Alloys
Duplex (22%)
Super Duplex (25%)

Special Alloys

Steels

.050.078

.066.083

.078.088

.088.129

.050.078

.050.083

.055.088

.060.099

High Temp Alloys

.025.040

.025.043

.027.045

.030.050

Gray Cast Iron

SG Iron
Ductile Cast Iron
Malleable Iron

.045.083

.060.088

.071.099

.060.127

Titanium Alloys

Cast Irons

During Profile Milling less

than 50% of the cutter
diameter radial depth,
the actual chipload at the
cutting edge is less than
the programmed chip load.
Below are Chip Load factors
depending on Radial Depth
Percentage. Multiply your
inches per tooth by the factor
before figuring your IPM.
Radial Depth in
Percentage of
Cutter Diameter
20%
15%
10%
5%
1%

Increase Chip
Load Factor
1.20
1.40
1.80
2.30
5.00

Example: Profile Milling

1) Select Material from chart.
2) Select Tool Size.
3) Select feed per tooth.
4) Figure percentage of cutter Diameter Radial Cut Depth.
5) Select Chip Load Factor for Radial Depth.
6) Multiply Chip Load Factor x Feed per Tooth.
7) Answer: New Feed per Tooth.
8) RPM x New Feed per Tooth x number of Teeth = mm/min. (mm per Minute)

Technical data provided should be considered advisory only as variations may be necessary depending on the particular application.

226

End Mill Terminology

End Mill Terminology

Length of Cut (Flute Length) Always

select the shortest Flute Length possible
for your application. By selecting the
shortest Flute Length, you can increase
rigidity and allow for higher feed rates.
End Mill Diameter Always select
the largest diameter possible for your
milling operation. Increasing your
diameter by just 10%, can increase
your rigidity by 25%.

Web Thickness

Web Thickness The cross section of the fluting

of the end mill. Larger webs allow for more rigidity,
while smaller webs allow for better chip evacuation.
This feature is highly dependent on the material
being machined.

Rake Angle The measurement of the

curvature of the cutting edge in the face of
the flute. A high rake angle will cut more
aggressively, while a lower rake angle will
increase the strength of the cutting edge.

Primary Relief The clearance directly

behind the cutting edge. High primary relief
angles will allow for more aggressive milling,
while lower relief angles will increase the
strength of the cutting edge. The primary
relief will also affect the wear on a cutting
edge. Lower primary relief angles can tend
to develop larger wear lands.

227

For product
information, call
your local
distributor.
M.A. Ford Phone: 800-553-8024
or 563-391-6220
email:
sales@maford.com
www.maford.com

Technical Information

Technical Information

Helix Angle Varies from 0 to 60 degrees.

Higher helix angles can increase the number
of teeth in a cut, and help in redirecting cutting
forces. This is beneficial in harder to machine
materials in particular. Changes in helix angle
can also greatly affect the flute form of an end
mill, and affect chip evacuation.