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fiction. They suggest that metafiction display "a self-reflexivity prompted by the
author's awareness of the theory underlying the construction of fictional works,"
without dividing contemporary metafiction from older works containing similar selfreflexive techniques (Waugh 2).
Spectrum of Metafictional Techniques:
Further individuating the differences between metafictional characteristics present in
post-modern fiction becomes even more complicated because some self-reflexive
works also fall under more radical definitions. Some contemporary metafiction can
also be called surfiction, antifiction, fabulation, neo-baroque fiction, post-modernist
fiction, introverted narrative, irrealism, or as the self-begetting novel (Waugh 13).
Characteristics:
Although characteristics of metafiction vary as widely as the spectrum of techniques
used within them, a pattern of several common traits can be traced. These techniques
often appear in combination, but also can appear singularly. Metafiction often
employs intertextual references and allusions by
Works Cited:
Currie, Mark, ed. METAFICTION. New York: Longman, 1995.
Jefferson. Ann. "Patricia Waugh, Metafiction The Theory and Practice of Selfconscious Fiction." POETICS TODAY. 7:3 (1986): 574-6.
Hutcheon, Linda. " "The Pastime of Past Time": Fiction, History, Historiographic
Metafiction." GENRE XX (Fall-Winter 1987).
Ommundenson, Wenche. METAFICTIONS? REFLEXIVITY IN
CONTEMPORARY TEXTS. Australia: Melbourne UP, 1993.
Waugh, Patricia. METAFICTION: THE THEORY AND PRACTICE OF SELFCONSCIOUS FICTION. London: Methuen, 1984.
Selected Bibliography:
Barth, John. "The literature of exhaustion." METAFICTION. Ed. Mark Currie. New
York: Longman, 1995. 161-172.
Dipple, Elizabeth. "A novel which is a machine for generating interpretations."
METAFICTION. Ed. Mark Currie. New York: Longman, 1995. 221-245.
Hutcheon, Linda. NARCISSISTIC NARRATIVE: THE METAFICTIONAL
PARADOX. Methuen, 1980.
McCaffery, Larry. "The art of metafiction." METAFICTION. Ed. Mark Currie. New
York: Longman, 1995. 181-193.
Scholes, Robert. "Metafiction." METAFICTION Ed. Mark Currie. New
York: Longman, 1995. 21-38.