Cooling Tower Specifications

Since this is s cooling tower used in a steam power plant therefore it does not
include radiator and it is called Open System Evaporative Cooling.

Condition:
Design of Unit 1 & 2 (4MW each)
(From H.B. STA. MARIA, THERMODYNAMICS II BOOK)
Mass of Bled Steam in Condenser, SC

SC =( 1m1m2 ) S

( 10.04220.2659 ) 1.8896

SC =1.3074

kg
sec

kg
sec

Heat Rejected in the Condenser, QR

QR =SC ( h4 h5 )

 1.3074

kg
kJ
( 2304.83163.4 )
sec
kg

QR =2804.9352 kW

Figure refer to H.B. STA. MARIA, Refrigeration & Air Conditioning Book
(FROM FREDERICK T. MORSE, PPE BOOK page 182

Fan Power is typically

3.75 hp
kg
1000
min

cooled water

ASSUME:
t 3 t 2 of 3

Temperature differential in

like human skin.

Cooling tower to be used is forced draft with an efficiency of 70%

and 100% outgoing humidity &

t 4=27 ,

The condition of air entering is

t DB=20 50 humidity

COOLING EFFICIENCY, C

C=

t at b
; @ psychrometric charct =50 ; t DB=20 thet WD =14
t at w

Where:
t a=temperature of point 3

t b=temperature of point 4

t w =wet bulb temperature of air @ point 1

0.70=

t a27
t a14

t a=57 ; t a =t 3

Find

t 2 =?

t 3 t 2 =3

57t 2=3

t 2 =54

Heat Balance in Condenser

QR =w C pw ( t 3t 4 )

Where:

Q=Heat rejected condenser

w =mass of water requirement

C pw =4.187

2804.9352

kJ
kgK

kJ
kJ
=w 4.187
( 30 K )
sec
kgK

w =22.3305

kg
sec

Condition of Air @ 1
(from Psychometric chart, Fig A-12, Morse Book)

p1=1.033

kg
=101.325 kPa
2
cm

t DB=20

t WD =14

=50

W 1=0.0076

h1=39.5

kg
kg

kJ
kg

m
V 1=0.842
kg

Condition of Air @2

Since

t 2 =54

it cannot be located on psychrometric chart, then use the

conventional equation:
(From H.B. Sta. Maria, Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Book)

2=

ps2
pd2

Where:
ps 2= Pressureexerted by the vapor

pd 2=Pressure saturation @54

2=Relative Humidity

(From Steam Table of Keenan and Keyes)

Pd2=P sat @ 54

Pd2=15.02 kPa

Since 100% Humidity, then

W 2=

0.622 Ps 2
Pt Ps2

Ps2=Pd 2=15.02 kPa

0.622 ( 15.02 )
107.32515.02

W 2=0.1082

kg
kg

h2=C pa t 2 +W 2 hg2

Where:

C pa=Specific Heat of dry air =1.0062

kJ
kgK

t 2 =temperature@ point 2=54

hg2 =enthalpy of saturated steam @ t 2

hg2 =2599.1

kJ
( steam table )
kg

h2=1.0062 ( 54 ) +0.1082 ( 2599.1 )

h2=335.5574

kJ
kg

Capacity of Circulating Water Pump, VVCWP

VVCWP

W v f 4

v f 4 =v f @ 27

v f 4 =0.0010035

m
kg

VVCWP

22.3305

kg
m3
0.0010035
sec
kg

VVCWP

0.00224

m3
sec

(From F.T. Morse, PPE Book)

Cooling Tower Range
Range

t at b

5727

Range 30

Cooling Tower Approach

Approach

t b t w

 2714

Approach 13

The differential

t bt w

is also important to cooling tower size and cost. The

smaller the difference, the larger the tower.

Heat and Mass Balance in the Cooling Tower
Mass Balance,

mmout

3+ a w1=4 + a w 2 ; 4 =w =22.3305

34 =a ( w2w1 )

322.3305=a ( 0.10820.0076 )

322.3305=0.1006 a

Heat Balance,

Q Qout

3 h 3+ a h1 =4 h4 +a h2

kg
sec

(From Steam Table Keenan and Keyes)

h3=hf @57

h3=238.59

kJ
kg

h4 =h f @27

h4 =113.25

kJ
kg

3 ( 238.59 ) +a ( 39.5 )=22.3305 ( 113.25 )+ a ( 335.5574 )

238.59 3 2528.9291=a ( 335.557439.5 )

310.5995=1.2409 a

Equate & ;
3 22.3305 310.5995
=
0.1006
1.2409

3=23.3654

Substitute

kg
sec

to ;

23.365422.3305=0.1006 a

a=10.287

kg
sec

Volume of Air, VVa

VVa

a V 1

kg
m3
10.287
0.842
sec
kg

m
VVa 8.6619 kg

Make-up water, mw

mw =a ( W 2W 1)

mw =1.0349

kg
sec

10.287

kg
( 0.10820.0076 )
sec

 Fan Power
(from F.T. Morse, PPD Book) page 182

Fan Power is typically

Mass of Water Cooled

Fan Power=22.3305

3.75 hp
kg
1000
min

22.3305

kg
sec

kg 60 sec
3.75 hp

sec 1 min
kg
1000
min

Fan Power=5.0244 hp

Capacity of Make-up Water Pump, VVMWP

VVMWP

MW V F 5

V F 5=V F 4 =0.0010035

1.10349

kg
m
0.0010035
sec
kg

VVMWP

m3
kg

0.011

m
sec

Heat Exchanger design of Unit 1 & 2 (4MW each)

(From Kents Mechanical Engineer Handbook)
Log Mean Temperature Difference (LMTD)

LMTD=

t a t b
ln

ta
tb

( )

Given:
Condensing pressure

0.007 MPa

w/ Temperature saturation

Temperature of cooling water:

t 1 =entering the condenser=27

t 2 =leaving thecondenser=54

LMTD = ?
t a=t 3t 1

t a=55.127

55.1

 t a=28.1

t b=t 4 t 2

t b=55.154

t b=1.1

LMTD=

28.11.1
28.1
ln
1.1

( )

LMTD=8.6408
1.8

LMTD=15.55

E2 YUNG SAKIN D KO LAM KUNG PANU YUNG mass ng condenser

Ginamit ko na lang yung mass ng steam pano kaya yun..
Cooling Tower Specifications
Since this is s cooling tower used in a steam power plant therefore it does not include
radiator and it is called Open System Evaporative Cooling.

Condition:
Design of Unit 1 & 2
(From H.B. STA. MARIA, THERMODYNAMICS II BOOK)

Heat Rejected in the Condenser,

QR

QR =S ( h 4h 5 )

257.5018723

kg
kJ
( 3352.662359.86 )
sec
kg

QR =770,652.1184 kW

Figure refer to H.B. STA. MARIA, Refrigeration & Air Conditioning Book

(FROM FREDERICK T. MORSE, PPE BOOK page 182

Fan Power is typically

3.75 hp
kg
1000
min

cooled water

ASSUME:

t 3 t 2 of 3 and 100% outgoing humidity &

Temperature differential in

human skin.
Cooling tower to be used is forced draft with an efficiency of 70%

The condition of air entering is

COOLING EFFICIENCY,

t DB=20 50 humidity

t 4=27 ,

like

 C=

t at b
; @ psychrometric charct =50 ; t DB=20 thet WD =14
t at w

Where:

t a=temperature of point 3

t 3 @ 0.06 Mpa=85.94

t b=temperature of point 4

t w =wet bulb temperature of air @ point 1

0.70=

85.94t 4
85.9414

t 4=35.582 ; t a =t 3

Find

t 2 =?

t 3 t 2 =3

85.94t 2=3

t 2 =82.94

Heat Balance in Condenser

QR =w C pw ( t 3t 4 )

Where:

Q=Heat rejected condenser

w =mass of water requirement

C pw =4.187

kJ
kgK

770,652.1184

kJ
kJ
=w 4.187
( 50.358 K )
sec
kgK

w =3654.996304

kg
sec

Condition of Air @ 1
(from Psychometric chart, Fig A-12, Morse Book)

p1=1.033

kg
=101.325 kPa
cm2

t DB=20

t WD =14

=50

W 1=0.0076

kg
kg

h1=39.5

kJ
kg

m3
V 1=0.842
kg

Condition of Air @2

Since

t 2 =82.94

it cannot be located on psychrometric chart, then use the

conventional equation:
(From H.B. Sta. Maria, Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Book)

2=

ps2
pd2

Where:

ps 2= Pressureexerted by the vapor

pd 2=Pressure saturation @54

2=Relative Humidity

(From Steam Table of Keenan and Keyes)

Pd2=P sat @ 82.94

Pd2=53.32 kPa

Since 100% Humidity, then

W 2=

Ps2=Pd 2=53.32 kPa

0.622 Ps 2
Pt Ps2

0.622(53.32)
101.32553.32

W 2=0.690866

kg
kg

h2=C pa t 2 +W 2 hg2

Where:

C pa=Specific Heat of dry air =1.0062

t 2 =temperature @ point 2=82.94

hg2 =enthalpy of saturated steam @ t 2

hg2 =2648

kJ
( steam table )
kg

kJ
kgK

h2=1.0062 ( 82.94 )+ 0.690866 ( 2648 )

h2=1912.867396

kJ
kg

Capacity of Circulating Water Pump, VVCWP

W v f 4

VVCWP

v f 4 =v f @ 35.582

v f 4 =0.0010062537

VVCWP

3654.996304

VVCWP

3.677854

m3
kg

kg
m3
0.0010062537
sec
kg

m
sec

(From F.T. Morse, PPE Book)

Cooling Tower Range

Range

t at b

85.9435.582

Range 50.358

Cooling Tower Approach

Approach

t b t w

35.58214

Approach 21.582

The differential

t bt w

is also important to cooling tower size and cost. The smaller

the difference, the larger the tower.

Heat and Mass Balance in the Cooling Tower

Mass Balance,

mmout

3+ a w1=4 + a w 2 ; 4 =w =3654.996304

34 =a ( w2w1 )

33654.996304=a ( 0.6908660.0076 )

33654.996304=0.683266 a

kg
sec

 Heat Balance,

Q Qout

3 h 3+ a h1 =4 h4 +a h2

(From Steam Table Keenan and Keyes)

h3=hf @ 85.94

h3=360

kJ
kg

h4 =h f @35.582

h4 =149.02276

kJ
kg

3 ( 360 ) +a ( 39.5 )=3654.996304 ( 149.02276 )+ a ( 1912.867396 )

360 3 544677.637=a ( 1912.86739639.5 )

31512.993436=5.203798322 a

Equate & ;

3 3654.996304 3 1512.993436
=
0.683266
5.203798322

3=3978.754133

Substitute

kg
sec

3 to ;

3978.7541333654.996304=0.683266 a

a=473.8386357

kg
sec

Volume of Air, VVa

VVa

a V 1

473.8386357

kg
m3
0.842
sec
kg

m3

398.9721312
VVa
kg

Make-up water,

mw =a ( W 2W 1)

mw

473.8386357

kg
( 0.6908660.0076 )
sec

mw =323.7578293

kg
sec

Fan Power
(from F.T. Morse, PPD Book) page 182

Fan Power is typically

Mass of Water Cooled

3.75 hp
kg
1000
min

3654.996304

Fan Power=3654.996304

kg
sec

kg 60 sec
3.75 hp

sec 1 min
kg
1000
min

Fan Power=822.3741684 hp

Capacity of Make-up Water Pump, VVMWP

VVMWP

MW V F 5

V F 5=V F 4 =0.0010062537

m3
kg

 323.7578293

VVMWP

kg
m
0.0010062537
sec
kg

0.3257825136

m3
sec

Heat Exchanger design of Unit 1 & 2 (4MW each)

(From Kents Mechanical Engineer Handbook)
Log Mean Temperature Difference (LMTD)

LMTD=

t a t b
ln

ta
tb

( )

Given:

Condensing pressure

0.007 MPa

w/ Temperature saturation

Temperature of cooling water:

t 1 =entering the condenser=27

t 2 =leaving thecondenser=54

LMTD = ?

55.1

 t a=t 3t 1

t a=55.127

t a=28.1

t b=t 4 t 2

t b=55.154

t b=1.1

LMTD=

28.11.1
28.1
ln
1.1

( )

LMTD=8.6408
1.8

LMTD=15.55