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As a Daughter:
(1) The Quran ended the cruel practice of female
infanticide, which was before Islam. God has said:
{And when the girl (who was) buried alive is asked, for
what sin she was killed. } (Quran, 81:8-9)
(2) The Quran went further to rebuke the unwelcoming
attitude of some parents upon hearing the news of the
birth of a baby girl, instead of a baby boy. God has said:
{ And when one of them is informed of (the birth of) a
female, his face becomes dark, and he suppresses grief.
He hides himself from the people because of the ill of
which he has been informed. Should he keep it in
humiliation or bury it in the ground? Certainly, evil is
what they decide.} (Quran 16:58-59)
(3) Parents are duty-bound to support and show kindness
and justice to their daughters. The Prophet
Muhammad (pbuh) said: {Whosoever supports two
daughters until they mature, he and I will come on the Day
of Judgment as this (and he pointed with his fingers held
together).}
(4) A crucial aspect in the upbringing of daughters that
greatly influences their future is education. Education is
not only a right but a responsibility for all males and
females. The Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) said: {Seeking
knowledge is mandatory for every Muslim.} The word
Muslim here is inclusive of both males and females.
(5) Islam neither requires nor encourages female
circumcision. And while it is maybe practiced by some
Muslims in certain parts of Africa, it is also practiced by
other peoples, including Christians, in those places, a
reflection merely of the local customs and practices there.
Mahr (Dowry)
In Islam the man presents his wife with a dowry they have mutually
agreed upon, at the time of marriage. The amount varies according to his
means and generosity, and his wife has the right to spend, save or remit
any part of it. Allah (SWT) says in the Quran:
"And give to the women (whom you marry) their Mahr (obligatory bridalmoney given by the husband to his wife at the time of marriage) with a
good heart, but if they, of their own good pleasure, remit any part of it to
you, take it, and enjoy it without fear of any harm (as Allah has made it
lawful). (An-Nisa 4:4)
Maintenance
Women have been entrusted by Allah (SWT) with the task of providing a
peaceful, comfortable home environment for the breadwinner who works
for their provisions outside the home all day long.
It is one of the extraordinary beauties of Islam that by entrusting the male
to the position of protector and provider, it frees the woman, who is
burdened with the long cycle of bearing, giving birth to, nursing and
raising children, from having to assume the extra burden of her own and
her childrens support, which is unjust and a tremendous hardship.
While a woman must obey her husband, as long as he does not ask
anything forbidden of her, and guard his possessions while he is away
from the house, and handle his money as he wishes, she must also be
faithful, trustworthy and honest.
A wife is regarded as a source of love, peace and compassion, as stated in
the Quran:
"And among His Signs is this, that He created for you wives from among
yourselves, that you may find repose in them , and He has put between
you affection and mercy. Verily, in that are indeed signs for a people who
reflect." (Ar-Rum 30:21)
"But the father of the child shall bear the cost of the mothers food and
clothing on a reasonable basis. No person shall have a burden laid on him
greater than he can bear" (Al-Baqarah 2:233)
"O Messenger of Allah (SAW), what right can a wife demand of her
husband? He replied, that you should give her food when you eat, clothe
her when you clothe yourself, not strike her on the face, and do not insult
her or separate form her except in the house." (Reported by Ahmad, Ibn
Majah and Abu Dawud)
"A woman came to the Prophet (SAW) complaining of her husband,
Messenger of Allah (SAW), Abu Sufyan is a niggardly man who does not
give me and my son enough; except what I take from him without his
knowledge. He replied, Take what is enough for you and your son
according to what is maroof (well-known in your society)." (Reported by
Al-Bukhari and Muslim)
"They are Libas [i.e. body cover, or screen or Sakah, (i.e. you enjoy the
pleasure of living with her as in Verse 7:189) Tafsir At-Tabari], for you and
your are the same for them" (Al Baqarah 2:187)
"It is He Who has created you from a single person (Adam), and (then) He
has created form him his wife (Eve), in order that he might enjoy the
pleasure of living with her" (Al-Araf 7:189)
This meaning that a wife and a husband are meant for mutual support,
mutual comfort, and mutual protection of each other.
The Prophet Muhammad (SAW) also emphasized the importance of this
compassionate treatment:
"I command you to treat women kindly. Woman has been created from a
rib (the rib is crooked), and the most crooked part of the rib is the upper
region. If you try to make it straight you will break it, and if you leave it as
it is, it will remain curved. So treat women kindly." (Reported by AlBukhari)
Prophet Muhammad (SAW) also said:
"The best of you are those who are best to the women." (Sahih AtTirmidhi, Ibn Majah and Al-Jami Al-Saker)
The best husband is one who provides her with true leadership without
harshness, or laxness, and who does not misuse his authority and
strength. Even if the behavior of a wife should become hard to live with
(for she may not always be in strong health and of cheery disposition), the
man is asked to be patient and kind to her. Allah (SWT) says:
"O you who believe! You are forbidden to inherit women against their will,
and you should not treat them with harshness, that you may take away
part of the Mahr (dowry, bridal-money given by the husband to his wife at
the time of marriage) you have given them, unless they commit open
illegal sexual intercourse. And live with them honorably. If you dislike
them, it may be that you dislike a thing and Allah brings through it a great
deal of good." (An-Nisa 4:19)
A wife has the right to her husbands attention, companionship and time.
The husband should try to please and make her happy, taking into
consideration her needs, wishes, likes and dislikes, and making time for
relaxation and recreation together.
Prophet Muhammad (SAW) said,
"Among the Muslims, the most perfect as regards his faith is the one
whose character is most excellent, and the best among you are those who
treat their wives well." (At-Tirmidhi)
"A believer must not hate a believing woman; if he dislikes one of her
characteristics he will be pleased with another." (Sahih Muslim)
"Woman has been created from a rib and in no way will be straight for
you; so if you enjoy her you will do so while crookedness remains in her;
but if you try to straighten her you will break her; breaking her being
divorcing her." (Sahih Muslim)
Now this does not mean that the husband is permitted to go to the
extreme in this matter. Such matters may be as follows:
Not letting ones wife go out of the house EVEN when it is safe to do so.
Not letting ones wife answer the phone.
Not allowing wife to go to hospital when she is sick.