Calculus

Outline
Discrete probability in general
Mean and variance
Binomial (or Bernoulli)
ECON 4630 Research Methods

Discrete Probability Distributions
Kwon, Economics, UNT
Binomial, Poisson
Poisson
Hypergeometric
Outline
Mean and variance
Mean and variance
Poisson
Hypergeometric
Poisson
Hypergeometric
Outline
Mean and variance
Poisson
Hypergeometric
Probability Distribution
1
Random Variable: a numerical description of the outcome of an

experiment.
A random variable can be classified as either discrete or continuous
1
Discrete Random Variable: a random variable that can assume only

certain clearly separated values.(Counting)
Continuous Random Variable: a random variable that can assume
one of an infinitely large numbers of values, within certain
range.(Measuring-Weight, Height, Commuting time)
Probability Distribution: A listing of all the outcomes of an

experiment and the probability associated with each outcome.
1
2
3
The probability of a particular outcome is between 0 and 1 inclusive.

The outcomes are mutually exclusive events
The list is exhaustive, so the sum of the probabilities of all the
possible outcomes is equal to 1.
Outline
Mean and variance
Poisson
Hypergeometric
1

experiment.
1


1
2
3

Outline
Mean and variance
Poisson
Hypergeometric
1

experiment.
1


1
2
3

Outline
Mean and variance
Poisson
Hypergeometric
1

experiment.
1


1
2
3

Outline
Mean and variance
Poisson
Hypergeometric
1

experiment.
1


1
2
3

Outline
Mean and variance
Poisson
Hypergeometric
1

experiment.
1


1
2
3

Outline
Mean and variance
Poisson
Hypergeometric
1

experiment.
1


1
2
3

Outline
Mean and variance
Poisson
Hypergeometric
1

experiment.
1


1
2
3

Outline
Mean and variance
Poisson
Hypergeometric
1

experiment.
1


1
2
3

Outline
Mean and variance
Poisson
Hypergeometric
1

experiment.
1


1
2
3

Outline
Mean and variance
Poisson
Hypergeometric
1

experiment.
1


1
2
3

Outline
Mean and variance
Poisson
Hypergeometric
1

experiment.
1


1
2
3

Outline
Mean and variance
Poisson
Hypergeometric
Mean and variance
The population mean of a random variable X:

X
E(X) = X =
[xP (x)] ,
all x
The population variance of a random variable X:

X

2
Var(X) = X
=
(x x )2 P (x)
all x
The population standard deviation of a random variable X:X
Outline
Mean and variance
Poisson
Hypergeometric
Mean and variance

X
E(X) = X =
[xP (x)] ,
all x

X

2
Var(X) = X
=
(x x )2 P (x)
all x
Outline
Mean and variance
Poisson
Hypergeometric
Mean and variance

X
E(X) = X =
[xP (x)] ,
all x

X

2
Var(X) = X
=
(x x )2 P (x)
all x
Outline
Mean and variance
Poisson
Hypergeometric
Mean and variance

X
E(X) = X =
[xP (x)] ,
all x

X

2
Var(X) = X
=
(x x )2 P (x)
all x
Outline
Mean and variance
Poisson
Hypergeometric
Mean and variance

X
E(X) = X =
[xP (x)] ,
all x

X

2
Var(X) = X
=
(x x )2 P (x)
all x
Outline
Mean and variance
Poisson
Hypergeometric
Exercise 5-Probability Distribution

The information below is the number of daily emergency service calls
made by the volunteer ambulance service of Walterboro for the last 50
days.
Number of calls (x)
0
1
2
3
4
Sum
Frequency
8
10
22
9
1
50
Relative Frequency
Is this a discrete or continuous random variable?

Convert this frequency distribution to a probability distribution.
What is the mean number of calls per day?
What is the standard deviation of the number of calls made per
day?
Outline
Mean and variance
Poisson
Hypergeometric

days.
Number of calls (x)
0
1
2
3
4
Sum
Frequency
8
10
22
9
1
50
Relative Frequency

day?
Outline
Mean and variance
Poisson
Hypergeometric

days.
Number of calls (x)
0
1
2
3
4
Sum
Frequency
8
10
22
9
1
50
Relative Frequency

day?
Outline
Mean and variance
Poisson
Hypergeometric

days.
Number of calls (x)
0
1
2
3
4
Sum
Frequency
8
10
22
9
1
50
Relative Frequency
8 = .16
50

day?
Outline
Mean and variance
Poisson
Hypergeometric

days.
Number of calls (x)
0
1
2
3
4
Sum
Frequency
8
10
22
9
1
50
Relative Frequency
8 = .16
50
.20
.44
.18
.02

day?
Outline
Mean and variance
Poisson
Hypergeometric

days.
Number of calls (x)
0
1
2
3
4
Sum
Frequency
8
10
22
9
1
50
Relative Frequency
8 = .16
50
.20
.44
.18
.02
1.00

day?
Outline
Mean and variance
Exercise 5-Mean
X
X = E(X) =
xP (x)
all x
Number of Calls (x)

0
1
2
3
4
Total
P (x)
0.16
0.20
0.44
0.18
0.02
1
x P (x)
Poisson
Hypergeometric
Outline
Mean and variance
Exercise 5-Mean
X
X = E(X) =
xP (x)
all x
Number of Calls (x)

0
1
2
3
4
Total
P (x)
0.16
0.20
0.44
0.18
0.02
1
x P (x)
Poisson
Hypergeometric
Outline
Mean and variance
Exercise 5-Mean
X
X = E(X) =
xP (x)
all x
Number of Calls (x)

0
1
2
3
4
Total
P (x)
0.16
0.20
0.44
0.18
0.02
1
x P (x)
Poisson
Hypergeometric
Outline
Mean and variance
Exercise 5-Mean
X
X = E(X) =
xP (x)
all x
Number of Calls (x)

0
1
2
3
4
Total
P (x)
0.16
0.20
0.44
0.18
0.02
1
x P (x)
0.00
Poisson
Hypergeometric
Outline
Mean and variance
Exercise 5-Mean
X
X = E(X) =
xP (x)
all x
Number of Calls (x)

0
1
2
3
4
Total
P (x)
0.16
0.20
0.44
0.18
0.02
1
x P (x)
0.00
0.20
Poisson
Hypergeometric
Outline
Mean and variance
Exercise 5-Mean
X
X = E(X) =
xP (x)
all x
Number of Calls (x)

0
1
2
3
4
Total
P (x)
0.16
0.20
0.44
0.18
0.02
1
x P (x)
0.00
0.20
0.88
0.54
0.08
Poisson
Hypergeometric
Outline
Mean and variance
Exercise 5-Mean
X
X = E(X) =
xP (x)
all x
Number of Calls (x)

0
1
2
3
4
Total
P (x)
0.16
0.20
0.44
0.18
0.02
1
x P (x)
0.00
0.20
0.88
0.54
0.08
1.7
Poisson
Hypergeometric
Outline
Mean and variance
Poisson
Hypergeometric
Exercise 5-Variance
What is the mean number of calls per day? 1.7

What is the variance
of calls made per day?
P of the number
2 = Var(X) =
2 P (x)
X
(x
)
x
all x
Number of Calls (x)

0
1
2
3
4
Total
P (x)
0.16
0.20
0.44
0.18
0.02
1
x x
(x x )2
(x x )2 P (x)
0.30
1.30
2.30
0.09
1.69
5.29
0.0396
0.3042
0.1058
Outline
Mean and variance
Poisson
Hypergeometric
Exercise 5-Variance

P of the number
2 = Var(X) =
2 P (x)
X
(x
)
x
all x
Number of Calls (x)

0
1
2
3
4
Total
P (x)
0.16
0.20
0.44
0.18
0.02
1
x x
(x x )2
(x x )2 P (x)
0.30
1.30
2.30
0.09
1.69
5.29
0.0396
0.3042
0.1058
Outline
Mean and variance
Poisson
Hypergeometric
Exercise 5-Variance

P of the number
2 = Var(X) =
2 P (x)
X
(x
)
x
all x
Number of Calls (x)

0
1
2
3
4
Total
P (x)
0.16
0.20
0.44
0.18
0.02
1
x x
(x x )2
(x x )2 P (x)
0.30
1.30
2.30
0.09
1.69
5.29
0.0396
0.3042
0.1058
Outline
Mean and variance
Poisson
Hypergeometric
Exercise 5-Variance

P of the number
2 = Var(X) =
2 P (x)
X
(x
)
x
all x
Number of Calls (x)

0
1
2
3
4
Total
P (x)
0.16
0.20
0.44
0.18
0.02
1
x x
(x x )2
(x x )2 P (x)
0.30
1.30
2.30
0.09
1.69
5.29
0.0396
0.3042
0.1058
Outline
Mean and variance
Poisson
Hypergeometric
Exercise 5-Variance

P of the number
2 = Var(X) =
2 P (x)
X
(x
)
x
all x
Number of Calls (x)

0
1
2
3
4
Total
P (x)
0.16
0.20
0.44
0.18
0.02
1
x x
-1.70
(x x )2
(x x )2 P (x)
0.30
1.30
2.30
0.09
1.69
5.29
0.0396
0.3042
0.1058
Outline
Mean and variance
Poisson
Hypergeometric
Exercise 5-Variance

P of the number
2 = Var(X) =
2 P (x)
X
(x
)
x
all x
Number of Calls (x)

0
1
2
3
4
Total
P (x)
0.16
0.20
0.44
0.18
0.02
1
x x
-1.70
-0.70
0.30
1.30
2.30
(x x )2
(x x )2 P (x)
0.09
1.69
5.29
0.0396
0.3042
0.1058
Outline
Mean and variance
Poisson
Hypergeometric
Exercise 5-Variance

P of the number
2 = Var(X) =
2 P (x)
X
(x
)
x
all x
Number of Calls (x)

0
1
2
3
4
Total
P (x)
0.16
0.20
0.44
0.18
0.02
1
x x
-1.70
-0.70
0.30
1.30
2.30
(x x )2
2.89
0.49
0.09
1.69
5.29
(x x )2 P (x)
0.0396
0.3042
0.1058
Outline
Mean and variance
Poisson
Hypergeometric
Exercise 5-Variance

P of the number
2 = Var(X) =
2 P (x)
X
(x
)
x
all x
Number of Calls (x)

0
1
2
3
4
Total
P (x)
0.16
0.20
0.44
0.18
0.02
1
x x
-1.70
-0.70
0.30
1.30
2.30
(x x )2
2.89
0.49
0.09
1.69
5.29
(x x )2 P (x)
0.4624
0.0396
0.3042
0.1058
Outline
Mean and variance
Poisson
Hypergeometric
Exercise 5-Variance

P of the number
2 = Var(X) =
2 P (x)
X
(x
)
x
all x
Number of Calls (x)

0
1
2
3
4
Total
P (x)
0.16
0.20
0.44
0.18
0.02
1
x x
-1.70
-0.70
0.30
1.30
2.30
(x x )2
2.89
0.49
0.09
1.69
5.29
(x x )2 P (x)
0.4624
0.098
0.0396
0.3042
0.1058
Outline
Mean and variance
Poisson
Hypergeometric
Exercise 5-Variance

P of the number
2 = Var(X) =
2 P (x)
X
(x
)
x
all x
Number of Calls (x)

0
1
2
3
4
Total
P (x)
0.16
0.20
0.44
0.18
0.02
1
x x
-1.70
-0.70
0.30
1.30
2.30
(x x )2
2.89
0.49
0.09
1.69
5.29
(x x )2 P (x)
0.4624
0.098
0.0396
0.3042
0.1058
1.01
Outline
Mean and variance
Poisson
Hypergeometric
The Binomial Distribution
How to calculate a probability of obtaining 33 heads when you toss

a coin 100 times?
When a telemarketer makes 10 calls per hour and is able to make a
sale on 30 percent of phone contacts, what is the probability of
making 7 sales next hour?
The binomial random variable is based on a Bernoulli trial. We can
define a Bernoulli trial with the following properties:
1
2
3
The result of each trial may be either S or F: only two outcomes!!!.

The probability of success, is the same in every trial.
The trials are independent.
Outline
Mean and variance
Poisson
Hypergeometric

a coin 100 times?
1
2
3

Outline
Mean and variance
Poisson
Hypergeometric

a coin 100 times?
1
2
3

Outline
Mean and variance
Poisson
Probability density function of a binomial random variable:

n x
P (X = x) =
(1 )nx
x
where
1
2
3
4
n
x
is the binomial coefficient,

n is the number of trials,
x is the number of successes,
and is the probability of success.
Hypergeometric
Outline
Mean and variance
Poisson
Hypergeometric
Binomial coefficient

Binomial coefficient, nx combination of n items selected x at a
time.

n
x is denoted as nCx (reads Cnx) counts the number of x
combinations from a set of n objects. The binomial coefficient
counts all possible ways of getting x successes in n trials.
One possible outcome with x successes and (n x) failures has
prob. of x (1 )nx . Then, the question is how to count such
outcomes?
Suppose that when a telemarketer makes 10 calls (to 10 different
customers). Count all the possible ways of making 7 sales next
hour.
Outline
Mean and variance
Poisson
Hypergeometric

time.

n
outcomes?
hour.
Outline
Mean and variance
Poisson
Hypergeometric

time.

n
outcomes?
hour.
Outline
Mean and variance
Binomial coefficient, factorial

n
n!
=
x
x!(n x)!
n! = n (n 1) 1 reads n-factorial.
8! = 8 7 6 2 1
0! = 1
Calculate
4
2
6
2
6
4
Table for binomial coefficient
Poisson
Hypergeometric
Outline
Mean and variance

n
n!
=
x
x!(n x)!
8! = 8 7 6 2 1
0! = 1
Calculate
4
2
6
2
6
4
Poisson
Hypergeometric
Outline
Mean and variance

n
n!
=
x
x!(n x)!
8! = 8 7 6 2 1
0! = 1
Calculate
4
2
6
2
6
4
Poisson
Hypergeometric
Outline
Mean and variance

n
n!
=
x
x!(n x)!
8! = 8 7 6 2 1
0! = 1
Calculate
4
2
6
2
6
4
Poisson
Hypergeometric
Outline
Mean and variance

n
n!
=
x
x!(n x)!
8! = 8 7 6 2 1
0! = 1
Calculate
4
2
6
2
6
4
Poisson
Hypergeometric
Outline
Mean and variance

n
n!
=
x
x!(n x)!
8! = 8 7 6 2 1
0! = 1
Calculate
4
2
6
2
6
4
Poisson
Hypergeometric
Outline
Mean and variance
Poisson
Hypergeometric
Example: Consider a family planning to have four children. It is

known that P (B) = 0.6: in fact, it was 51.20% in 2003.
1
What is the probability of having exactly 1 boy in a 4-child family?

How would you define success to solve the problem?
What is n?
What is ?
Does the answer change if we define success differently?
What is the probability of having exactly 3 girls in an 8-child family?

What is n?
What is ?
(Cumulative probability) What about the probability of having less
than or equal to 3 girls?
Outline
Mean and variance
Poisson
Hypergeometric

1

What is n?
What is ?

What is n?
What is ?
Outline
Mean and variance
Poisson
Hypergeometric

1

What is n?
What is ?

What is n?
What is ?
Outline
Mean and variance
Poisson
Hypergeometric

1

What is n?
What is ?

What is n?
What is ?
Outline
Mean and variance
Poisson
Hypergeometric

1

What is n?
What is ?

What is n?
What is ?
Outline
Mean and variance
Poisson
Hypergeometric
Mean and variance of a binomial random variable, X:

X
X n
x
nx
=
xP (x) =
x
(1 )
= n
x
all x
all x
X
(x x )2 P (x)
2 =
all x
X
all x

n x
nx
(x x )
(1 )
= n(1 )
x
2
Outline
Mean and variance
Poisson
Hypergeometric
Outline
Mean and variance
Poisson
Hypergeometric
The Binomial Distribution: Exercise 42
The Bank of Hawaii reports that 20 percent of its credit card holders
will default at sometime in their life. The Hilo Branch just mailed out
12 new cards today.
How many of these new cardholders would you expect to default?
What is the standard deviation?
What is the probability that exactly 3 of the cardholders will
default?
What is the probability that at least 4 will default?
Outline
Mean and variance
Poisson
Hypergeometric
12 new cards today.
default?
Outline
Mean and variance
Poisson
Hypergeometric
12 new cards today.
default?
Outline
Mean and variance
Poisson
Hypergeometric
12 new cards today.
default?
Outline
Mean and variance
Poisson
Hypergeometric
12 new cards today.
default?
Outline
Mean and variance
Poisson
Hypergeometric
The Poisson Distribution

Description: the number of times some event occurs during a
specified interval if these events occur with a known average rate,
. The poisson probability distribution provides a good model for
the probability distribution of the number of rare events that occur
in space, time, or volume etc.
Examples are:
the number of defective parts in outgoing shipments in every three
week.
the number of fatal car accidents on I-35 of the Denton county in a
year.
We make the following assumptions:

1
The probability of the event is proportional to the size of the

interval.
The intervals (spaces, times, ...) which do not overlap are
independent.
Outline
Mean and variance
Poisson
Hypergeometric

Examples are:
week.
year.

1

interval.
independent.
Outline
Mean and variance
Poisson
Hypergeometric

Examples are:
week.
year.

1

interval.
independent.
Outline
Mean and variance
Poisson
Hypergeometric

Probability density function
P (x) =
x e
x exp()
=
,
x!
x!
where
= the known average number of successes in a particular
interval of time or space, > 0,
a
+ a1 = 2.71828 , Or, e can be
The constant, e lima 1P
1
defined by the infinite series, a=0 a!
.
x = the number of successes = 0, 1, 2, 3, .
Example: the number of typos on a page is distributed Poisson

with an average of 0.8.
What is the probability distribution of typos?
What is the probability of having 2 typos on a single page?
What is the probability that there are at least 2 typos on a single
page?
Outline
Mean and variance
Poisson
Hypergeometric

P (x) =
x e
x exp()
=
,
x!
x!
where
a
+ a1 = 2.71828 , Or, e can be
1
.

page?
Outline
Mean and variance
Poisson
Hypergeometric

P (x) =
x e
x exp()
=
,
x!
x!
where
a
+ a1 = 2.71828 , Or, e can be
1
.

page?
Outline
Mean and variance
Poisson
Hypergeometric

P (x) =
x e
x exp()
=
,
x!
x!
where
a
+ a1 = 2.71828 , Or, e can be
1
.

page?
Outline
Mean and variance
Poisson
Hypergeometric

P (x) =
x e
x exp()
=
,
x!
x!
where
a
+ a1 = 2.71828 , Or, e can be
1
.

page?
Outline
Mean and variance
Poisson
Mean and variance of a Poisson random variable

X
X x e
=
xP (x) =
=
x
x!
all x
all x
X
2 =
(x x )2 P (x)
all x

x
X
2 e
=
(x x )
=
x!
all x
Hypergeometric
Outline
Mean and variance
Poisson

X
X x e
=
xP (x) =
=
x
x!
all x
all x
X
2 =
(x x )2 P (x)
all x

x
X
2 e
=
(x x )
=
x!
all x
Hypergeometric
Outline
Mean and variance
Poisson

X
X x e
=
xP (x) =
=
x
x!
all x
all x
X
2 =
(x x )2 P (x)
all x

x
X
2 e
=
(x x )
=
x!
all x
Hypergeometric
Outline
Mean and variance
Poisson
Hypergeometric
The Poisson Distribution: Example
Suppose 1.5 percent of the antennas on new Nokia cell phones are
defective. For a random sample of 200 antennas:
What is the probability distribution of the number of defective
antennas?
What is the probability that none of the antennas is defective?
What is the probability that three or more of the antennas are
defective?
Outline
Mean and variance
Poisson
Hypergeometric
antennas?
defective?
Outline
Mean and variance
Poisson
Hypergeometric
antennas?
defective?
Outline
Mean and variance
Poisson
Hypergeometric
antennas?
defective?
Outline
Mean and variance
Poisson
Hypergeometric
Description: For use in a population with two distinct, dichotomous

groups. Hypergeometric is sampling without the replacement, but
binomial can be regarded as sampling with replacement.
P (x) =
S
x
N S
nx

N
n

,
where
N = the population size,
S = the number of successes in the population,
N S = the number of failures in the population,
n = the number of trials,
x = the number of successes in the sample,
n x = the number of failures in the sample.
Outline
Mean and variance
Poisson
Hypergeometric

P (x) =
S
x
N S
nx

N
n

,
where
Outline
Mean and variance
Poisson
Hypergeometric

P (x) =
S
x
N S
nx

N
n

,
where
Outline
Mean and variance
Poisson
Hypergeometric
Example: according to an industry publication(?), Subway and

JimmyJones are ranked one and two in sales of sandwiches.
Assume that in a group of 11 individuals, 7 preferred Subway and 4
preferred JimmyJones. A random sample of 3 of these individuals
is selected.
What is the probability that exactly 2 preferred Subway?
What is the probability that the majority preferred JimmyJones?
Mean and variance of a hypergeometric random variable

S
,
N

S
N S
N n
=n
.
N
N
N 1
X = n
2
X
Outline
Mean and variance
Poisson
Hypergeometric

is selected.

S
,
N

S
N S
N n
=n
.
N
N
N 1
X = n
2
X
Outline
Mean and variance
Poisson
Hypergeometric

is selected.

S
,
N

S
N S
N n
=n
.
N
N
N 1
X = n
2
X
Outline
Mean and variance
Poisson
Hypergeometric

is selected.

S
,
N

S
N S
N n
=n
.
N
N
N 1
X = n
2
X
Outline
Mean and variance
Poisson
Hypergeometric
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This is without replacement, which is not the case for the binomial
distribution. The hypergeometric distribution is without
replacement.
Outline
Mean and variance
Poisson
Hypergeometric

replacement.
Outline
Mean and variance
Poisson
Hypergeometric

(55)(11)
Jackpot, 5+1
46
(56
5 )( 1 )
5 45
(5)( 1 )
5+0
46
(56
5 )( 1 )
5 51 1
(4)( 1 )(1)
4+1
46
(56
5 )( 1 )
5 51 45
(4)( 1 )( 1 )
4+0
46
(56
5 )( 1 )
replacement.
Outline
Mean and variance
Poisson
Hypergeometric

(55)(11)
Jackpot, 5+1
46
(56
5 )( 1 )
5 45
(5)( 1 )
5+0
46
(56
5 )( 1 )
5 51 1
(4)( 1 )(1)
4+1
46
(56
5 )( 1 )
5 51 45
(4)( 1 )( 1 )
4+0
46
(56
5 )( 1 )
replacement.
Outline
Mean and variance
Poisson
Hypergeometric

(55)(11)
Jackpot, 5+1
46
(56
5 )( 1 )
5 45
(5)( 1 )
5+0
46
(56
5 )( 1 )
5 51 1
(4)( 1 )(1)
4+1
46
(56
5 )( 1 )
5 51 45
(4)( 1 )( 1 )
4+0
46
(56
5 )( 1 )
replacement.
Outline
Mean and variance
Poisson
Hypergeometric

(55)(11)
Jackpot, 5+1
46
(56
5 )( 1 )
5 45
(5)( 1 )
5+0
46
(56
5 )( 1 )
5 51 1
(4)( 1 )(1)
4+1
46
(56
5 )( 1 )
5 51 45
(4)( 1 )( 1 )
4+0
46
(56
5 )( 1 )
replacement.

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Outline

Discrete probability in general

Mean and variance

Binomial (or Bernoulli)

ECON 4630 Research Methods

Discrete probability in general

Mean and variance

Discrete probability in general

Mean and variance

Binomial (or Bernoulli)

Binomial (or Bernoulli)

Discrete probability in general

Mean and variance

Binomial (or Bernoulli)

Random Variable: a numerical description of the outcome of an

Discrete Random Variable: a random variable that can assume only

Probability Distribution: A listing of all the outcomes of an

The probability of a particular outcome is between 0 and 1 inclusive.

Discrete probability in general

Mean and variance

Binomial (or Bernoulli)

Random Variable: a numerical description of the outcome of an

Discrete Random Variable: a random variable that can assume only

Probability Distribution: A listing of all the outcomes of an

The probability of a particular outcome is between 0 and 1 inclusive.

Discrete probability in general

Mean and variance

Binomial (or Bernoulli)

Random Variable: a numerical description of the outcome of an

Discrete Random Variable: a random variable that can assume only

Probability Distribution: A listing of all the outcomes of an

The probability of a particular outcome is between 0 and 1 inclusive.

Discrete probability in general

Mean and variance

Binomial (or Bernoulli)

Random Variable: a numerical description of the outcome of an

Discrete Random Variable: a random variable that can assume only

Probability Distribution: A listing of all the outcomes of an

The probability of a particular outcome is between 0 and 1 inclusive.

Discrete probability in general

Mean and variance

Binomial (or Bernoulli)

Random Variable: a numerical description of the outcome of an

Discrete Random Variable: a random variable that can assume only

Probability Distribution: A listing of all the outcomes of an

The probability of a particular outcome is between 0 and 1 inclusive.

Discrete probability in general

Mean and variance

Binomial (or Bernoulli)

Random Variable: a numerical description of the outcome of an

Discrete Random Variable: a random variable that can assume only

Probability Distribution: A listing of all the outcomes of an

The probability of a particular outcome is between 0 and 1 inclusive.

Discrete probability in general

Mean and variance

Binomial (or Bernoulli)

Random Variable: a numerical description of the outcome of an

Discrete Random Variable: a random variable that can assume only

Probability Distribution: A listing of all the outcomes of an

The probability of a particular outcome is between 0 and 1 inclusive.

Discrete probability in general

Mean and variance

Binomial (or Bernoulli)

Random Variable: a numerical description of the outcome of an