Economy of National PDF

ECONOMY
Dedicated
to
my beloved children
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ECONOMY
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Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
*fÔ =#"a=$k p ~R Lù

q+ zH
1. Q 2 2008 ZH#g Ò... XH J=Q#...
2. Q 2 2008 ~ J_y#
q=~}` =^< (D x\) ....................
3. *fÔ x~K#O ......................................
4. *fÔ qq^ =# .................................
5. ì PÔ ..................................................
6. *fÔ =kO ^` ..............................
7. *f^ x~}O =$k, ^~} ......................
8. *fÔ JOK< ..........................................
9. *fÔ Q}OK@ Z^~ =,
=Y` .........................................................
10. P^ KH "O ........................................
11. =#"a=$k p ................................................
12. PO^^ PiH == l.Z._..
qq^ ~OQ "\, xK"i Ò .....................
13. H ~O\. .........................................................
14. One word Questions (463) ........................................
15. H (402) .............................................
16. APPSC, UPSC Q` ` (176) .........
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006
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026
037
044
046
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064
075
079
119
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Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
Q II 2008, ZH#g
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19
1. ~` }oH
10
1. *fÔ, HDI, GSDP
2. PiH q^<
29
2. Z.. }oH
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16
3. Z.. ==O
24
4. ^=OOHOQ ` qÒ
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#Oz Fact based ` @ Concept based _ Z=Q< J_Q_ O [iyOk. Hx
ZH#gx `Q J^ #O K"~ =`" ["| > qÔ Q J_Q_ O [iyOk. Hx
L^~}Q fO>
APPSC
Knowledge based Questions :
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Zxq^= OK=~ }oH "^\# k U O=`~O ?

~`^ }oHO K~ <
(1= x\ }oH)
^~ ~ L i= nx O` O K|_#k
(2= x\ PiH q^<)
1853 ~`^ O "@" ^\ ~ }O ZH_#Oz ~OaOK|_Ok
(3= x\ a\+ < =O)
P~.a.S. ` Q=~~ Z=~
(4= x\ ^=O OHOQ)
'Stages of Growth' J< ÔÒ Z=i` =__
LOk
(5= x\ =$k Ja=$k)
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ECONOMY
6.
7.
8.
9.
Ò`= ~H=O^ "^\ iQ *f^x H Oz#^=~ (1= x\ *fÔ)

PO^ ^ "^\ OK=~ }oH JOK<"# @|_ =~ (2= x\ Z.. }oH)
200506 PO^ ^ x H=` OY =~
(3= x\ Z.. ==O)
PO^ ^ iqH J=# H~~+< (APIIC) O z# iqH "_ OY =~
(4= x\ Z.. i=)
10. PO^ ^ ~RO QO_ *f ~ ^~
(5= x\ "~OQO)
Concept based Questions :
1.
2.
3.
U OK=~ }oH PtOz# =$k ~ @ qOz# "= =$k ~ @ LO_#k (1= x\ }oH)
qxQ^~x qQ J< =# U q^#O L Q_ Òk (2= x\ PiH q^<)
~`^ O a\+ i< HO D HOk"x Uk B^yH @|_ =i = "}[=#
(Industrial capital & colonial exploitation) QiH|_^
(3= x\ a\+ # =O)
4. W.J. = L^ H~O ` H ^= _=O_ g\ P^~_ #
(4= x\ ^=O OHOQ ^~ ~ x~
O)
5. Oè` =$k J< =# HH O|OkOz#k
(5= x\ =$k Ja=$k)
6. Lù H~H ^$ *fùH< , =~\ ^~ *fù Z=Q LO_@ H~}O?
(1= x\ *fÔ)
7. PO^ ^ OK=~ }oH qÒ K=~ gx#O_ a O k (2= x\ Z.. }oH)
8. H<~ ~OQ~= Hq\ x"kH ^ #OQ HOk"x` O|OÔ He LOk
(3= x\ Z.. ==O)
9. PO^ ^ ~` HOk"x ^ # ` H^
(4= x\ Z.. i=)
10. W\= O=`~O PO^ ^ Ò |_\ @ # `# k. nx =M^ O
(5= x\ Z.. "~OQO)
H|\ WO_ < ZH#gx J^ #O K@_ Concepts Z= ^$+ i Facts QiOKH"e.

Facts Z.. ZH#g Yz`" #
=K~x HiOz, factsx J=Q# K O@ Q~O KH"e.
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H #, =QOQ J^ #O K# _ J=Q<` i # =^#O QiOKQ O.
z~Orq
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
APPSC (GROUP - II) 2008

PAPER III ECONOMY
*fÔ x\ #Oz J_y#

1.
~`^= Ò`= ~H=O^ "^\ iQ *f P^x HOz#^=~?

1. Z". Z<. ~
2. q.H.P~.q. ~"
3. H.Z<. ~*
4. ^^ <~l
[ : 4
q=~} :
Ò`xH ~O =#Ô *f^x "^\ iQ Q}O z#"~ ^^ <~l. 186768

O=`~xH O|OkOz ~` *fÔ ~II 340 H@ Q#, [<# 17 H@=OkQ#, ì
PÔ ~II 20/ Q# JOK< "#.
<~l `~ "` qeO _w, +~+, HO|\, q.H.P~.q. ~", P~.. ^, "_ *+,
H, =Ys, + O\"~ *f, ì P^# JOK< "i .
Ò` ~ JOK< "^\
JOK<Q q.H.P~.q. ~" Qi JOK<# (193132
OIIxH) ~O\~. PiH ==# ~ O_ ~HQ (== ~OQO, H~~+< ~OQO) ql Oz "^\
^x Lù =kO û x, ~ O_=^x P^ =kO û x J=OaOK#.
2.
Lù H~H ^$ *fùH<, =~\ ^~ *fù Z=Q LO_@ H~}O

1. ~H #
2. a_
3. ~H # a_
4. ~H # + a_
[ : 3
q=~} :
= LùH ^^_ Lù H~H# q, =, =^# O, ==# @HO, "`# O, =_,

~O u Ke ~ . W^ = LùH J =O. nx< Lù H~H Ys^ ^$ *fÔ
JO^~.
D Lù =xH =#"# ^~ qkOz = =# =~\ Jq` =K P^" =~\ ^~
PÔ.
J~` =xH =#"# ^~ qkOz J"@_ Ò *HO K Hx ZH * OHO, J=HO #
O\ ~H # qkOK#. nx= =~\ =^ ~ , =O HO> JkHO Q LO_#. D # PÔ
LùH~H K~^ . H|\ ~H # "~ LùH~H PÔ HO> =~\ ^~ PÔ Z=Q
LO_#.
Ò Hx O^~ == a_ W==K. nx= =~\ =^ ~ ` =Q LO_#. =~\
= ^~ a_ He`, Lù =O (Lù H~H " PÔ) =O k.
JO> Lù H~H ^$ PÔ` e#_, =~\ ^~ PÔ ~H # J^# OQ
LO@#q. =i a_ "Ò ` =Q LO@#q.
~H # #Oz a_ f" xH~ ~H # =K#. D xH~ ~H # =~\ ^~
PÔ Z=Q LO_#.
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ECONOMY
3.
*f PÔ Z= "`= U ~OQ= #O_ =#k

1. `~OQO
2. "@~OQO
3. xH~OQO
4. "\ UnH^
[ : 2
q=~} :
[=#~O Q PiH= =# `, " \ ~OQQ ql ~ . }oH ~OaOK <\H l._..

`~OQO "\ H =O 8% LO_k. qye# 92% " @
~OQx^.
}oH ~OaOz# `~ "` ` <=, `~OQ O qi OK@= l._.. `~OQ
"\ ~Q` 199394 <\H 26%H KiOk.
1991 #`# PiH O~} " \# `~ "`, K `~OQ O J\H # ~=_O=
Ò `# @|_ LO iOKH#@ ~OaOz, `xH H \~Oz# ~OQ# " @
~OQxH
J#=uOK#. e ÒQ 200506 <\H l._.. `~OQO "\ 23%H `yO k.
<\ H *fÔ J`kH "\ " @
~OQO #OK (77%) =O k.
4.
~` *f JÔ ^qH ~OQ=H =z` `= ZO`?

1. 40
2. 50
3. 60
4. 70
[ : 1 (i # =^#O 20%)
q=~} :
~` *fÔ 195051 ^q H~O QO "\ 57% LO_k. 198081 <\H `Q ` =z

40%H KiOk.
200607 <\H ^q H~O QO "\ =iO`Q
`Q K 20%H KiOk.
Wz# P< 20% ^ . J~` Hx+ `x zOK OY 40% H|\ nx< Z#H"e.
5.
D HOk "\ Uk |kb KeO ?

1. OH ^` KeO
2. a_
3. QO@
4. =$^ ##
[ : 4
q=~} :
Z@=O\ L`^H H~H# #O_ UHH O Q O^ u # |kb KeO JO^~.

JO> ` LùH ZO\ H~= JOkOK O_ O^ u .
=$^ OK# , x~^Q $ u |=`, q^~ HK ~+ , ~}
~ HK O, i>~
J~#"iHK OK# , =~^ O\ H$ u " s ` Oq Oz#_ K O, Ò_ =~_HK
H\ =h, "^Q#q |kb KeO L^~}.
|kb KeO Wz#"i#Oz HiOK"iH ^= "O LO@OkQh, ^xH |^Q, HiOK
"i#Oz Wz#"iH "= (=, H~H) "O LO_^ .
6.
^=H *fù, ^j LùH< JkH=. XH"

(GNP is greater than GDP if the country's)
1. ZQ=`# qOz kQ=` L#K 2. ^~ H}

3. kQ=`# qOz ZQ=`#K
4. xH~ q^j PÔ ^<`HOQ L#K
[ : 4
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Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
q=~} :
^j Lù (GDP)H, *fù (GNP)H `_ xH~ q^jH~H PÔ (NFIA). Wk (GNP)

He LO_#.
GNP = GDP + NFIA
GDP = GNP - NFIA
GDP, GNP
Uk Z= LO@O^<k NFIA P^~_ #.

xH~ q^jH~H PÔ ^< `H" ` GNP Z= LO@Ok (xH~ q^j H~H PÔ GNP He
LO@Ok H|\)
xH~ q^j H~H PÔ ~}`H" ` GDP Z= LO@Ok.
xH~ q^j H~H PÔ XH^ Lù H~H# q^ "_O> =K u O q^j H~H#
P Ô "_O> KeO K u O.
7.
~` *fÔ nx =` HO|_#
1. P^ û
2. Lù û
3. = û
4. Jx ^`
[ : 4
q=~} :
*f^x Q}O KO^ (1) Lù =kO û

(2) P^ =kO û
(3) = =kO û Jx =_ ^` Q=.
~`^ O ^q H~O QO, il+~ =#HiOQ ~OQO, x~}~OQO (@}
) Lù =kO û x
1
J=Oa<~.
J< il+~ =#HiOQ, q^` Q h\~ ~ ,2 `$f ~OQ P^ =kO û x J=Oa < ~.
x~}~OQO (Qg}) = =kO û x J=Oa < ~. JO> ~`^ O *f^ Q}#
=_ ^` # "_K<~.
8.
~` ^j Lù (l._..)H Ò = ~OQO =~ "\ =~

1. 70% qOz
2. 50% qOz
3. 25%
4. 30%
[ : 2
q=~} :
195051 GDP =~OQO JOkOK "\ =~ 30%. }oH J=i# `~ "` GDP
==~OQO "\ `Q K , "~OQO "\ ~Q` 198081 <\ 38%H KiOk.
O~} `~ "` "~OQO "\ "QO Q ~Q` 200607 <\H 55%H KiOk. JO> 50%Q
LOk. ( = =O` Q )
9.
Q## HOk "x iQ}~

1. ==~OQO
2. iqH ~OQO
3. `$f ~OQO
4. J=# H~ ~OQO
[ : 2
q=~} :
C.S.O
z~Orq
~` PiH= =# ^q H, kf, `$f ~OQQ ql Oz#k. ^q H~O QO

8
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
1) ==O 2) J@g O^ 3) =` O^ 4) Q# `=HO J< L~O QO\~.

kf ~OQO 1) =#HiOQ 2) q^`, Q, h\ ~ ~ 3) x~}O J< L~O QO\~.
^q H ~OQO Q Q# `=Hx kf ~OQxH Ki ''i= ~OQO =O k.
H|\ Q# J<q iqH ~OQO QO.
10.
=#= Ja=$k zH JO= Hxk?

1. ~`^= P O=`
3. t=~} ~@
2. JH~` ~@ =i ~ Q@ O=`~
4. P^=
[ : 3
q=~} :
1990 #Oz UNDP "~ =#"a=$k z (HDI)x xi< ~. nx 3 JO fO@<~.

1) P~ O (Life expectance at birth)
2) JH~ ` (Adult literacy Rate + combined primary, secondary and tertiary gross enrolment ratio)
3) ì GDP (PPP US $)
1979 "i _q_" i P.Q.L.I J< px (1) P~ O (2) t =~}~ @ (3) JH~ ` J<
=_ O H JO` ~OkOK#.
Hx UNDP "~ t=~}~ @# q_z\, ì PÔ J< JOx Ki O H { PiH JO
O` HDIx ~OkOK#.
11.
~` *f =#= Ja=$k x"kH 2001 H~O, PO^^ H =#= Ja=$k zH q=

1. ~`^xH =#O
2. ~`^
1 q=H< JkHO
3. ~`^ q=H< `=
4. ~`
4
HDI
zH q=
= QO
[ : 3
q=~} :
*f =#"a=$k x"kH (2001)#, =#Ô }oH O O ~OkOz#k. UNDP "~ f#

=_ JO< fHx 15 ~ HDIx ~OkOK#.
1981, 1991, 2001 H HDIx ~OkOK#. *f =#"a=$k p q= 1981 0.302,
1991 0.381, 2001 0.472Q JOK< "#.
2001 O=`~xH HDI~OH "^\ #O H ~ (0.638 pq=) O^Q, z=i#O c~ (0.367)
Ok#k.
PO^ ^ 0.416 p q=` 2001 15 ~# 10= #O LOk. Wk *f =#"a=$k
p q= (0.472) HO> ` =.
12.
"~ xi# =#= Ja=$k zH ì P^x HxH nxx fO\~

1. NNP per capita
2. GDP per capita
3. GDP per capita US $ in terms of puchasing power parity
4. GDP per capita US $ at Market Exchange Rate
UNDP
[ : 3
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Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
q=~} :
"~ ~OkOz# =#"a=$k p P~ O, JH~ `` @ ì PÔ XH\ .

'ì GDPx ì PÔQ fH<#. D ì GDPx ~ O_ ~HQ K =K.
Z) =~\ qx= ~ @ ì GDP
a) H#Q H =#` (PPP purchasing power parity) ~O Q ì GDP.
UNDP "~ ~
O_=^xx JO> PPP Q ì GDPx fO@<~. nxx _ J"iH _~
(US $) =H
~ ~ .
UNDP
13.
^ ^xH ux^= =Ok.

1. P^ KH " ~Q^ (An injection in the circular flow of
2. <`HOQ# =i |}`HOQ# (both a leakage and injection)
3. KH "= `~Q^ (a leakage in the circular flow of income)
4. q UnH^ (None of the above)
income)
[ : 3
q=~} :
PiH= = ~ O_ ~OQ#_ @O|~OQO, O ~OQO Jx LO\~. @O|~OQO `# =^# #

Lù H~H# O ~OQxH JOkOK#. JO> O Lù H~H u KeO K#. O
Lù H~H O` = = ` ~K @O JOkOK#. JO> @O = =
=O K #.
D qÔ Q O #Oz @O| ~OQxH (H~H u ~O), @O #Oz O ~OQxH
(= = = ~O) x~O`~O PÔ =OK_x P^ KH "O JO^~.
@O, O `= =z# PÔ "`x =O K# _ D P^ KH "O x~O`~O
[~Q#. XH" @OQx, O Qx =z# PÔ HO` ^K Jq K =O
`y =@=, P ^ "~ P^ "O `y =# (Leakage in the circular flow of income).
14.
~O_ ~OQ #=< =Ò LO__xH H=e# i`

2. ^ = @|_
1. q+ PÔ = q+ =O
3. ZQ=` = kQ=`
4. # = ` =O
[ : 2
q=~} :
~ O_ ~OQ #=< Q$ / @O| ~OQO, O / "~ ~OQ=O_#. O ~OQ =O Q$

~OQxH PÔ HQ, Q$ ~OQ =O O ~OQxH PÔQ " # .
D ~ O_O\ U ~OQ" < (^ ~ O_ ~OQ) ^ K# _ P "~ =O `y, P^ "O
`Q # . JO> ^ P^ "x `yO K#. JO^K ^# P^ "xH zÔ (Leakage)
Q q~ .
^ OHOQ, q` O ^~ =^# =~\H "t OK#. g\#Oz ~} O^@^~
O @|_ _`~. @|_ _ =" JO> @|_ = P^ "O ~Q#. JO^K
z~Orq
10
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
@|_x Injection in circular flow of Income Q q~ .

~ O_ ~OQ #=< =Ò LO_O> ^ (Leakage), @|_
15.
(Injection)
=#OQ LO_e.
W\= O=`~O PO^^ =$k~@ =~

1.
2.
3.
4.
[ : 4
q=~} :
~RO 1980 =~ =$k~ @ ` =Q (=~ 3%) LO_k. 1980 `~ "` =$k ~ @ ~Q` =zOk.
9= }oH (19972002) 5.59% =$k ~ @ #"^ K HQ, 10= }oH 8.33% =$k~ @ #"^
KOk.
~ ^~ PO^ ^ GSDP =$k ~ @
200304
9.35%
200405
8.15%
200506
10.24%
11.16%
200607(R)
10.62%
200708(Q)
200809(UA) 5.53%
16.
PO^^ ~R P^x JOK< ""~

1 3. ^# q` H~î
1. ~R }oH ~
2. J~Q}OH _~%
H%~1@
2731
[ : 2
q=~} :
4. HO^Q}OH Y
22
Ô *f^x H O^ Q}OHO (C.S.O) JOK< " #.

~RO ~^x PiH Q}OH _~ H~ @ (D.E.S Directorate of Economics & Statistics) "~ JOK<
" ^~.
17.
PO^^ 200607 O=`~O ` ^~ ì PÔ =~

1. ~II 30,000
2. ~II 25,000
3. ~II 40,000
4. ~II 20,000
[ : 1
q=~} :
~R ì P^x ` ^~ #, ~ ^~ # JOK< "~ .

200607 ~R ì PÔ ` ^~ ~II 30,000 ^\Ok.
OII
` ^~ ì PÔ
~ ^~ ì PÔ
200506
26,662
21,728
30,439
23,898
200607 (R)
35,864
26,195
200708 (Q)
200809 (UA)
39,597
26,983
z~Orq
11
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
18.
PO^^ ~R P^x JOK< "_xH \# û

Z. Lù û
a. L`^H û
. = û
1. Z =i a i J~#k
3. =i _ i J~#k
_. P^ û
2. Z, a =i i J~#k
4. Jh i J~#"
[ : 4
q=~} :
*f ~= ~RO _ =_ ^` ^~ ~^x Q} ~ . PO^ ^ GSDP =kO

O^~ O Q PiH ==# 9 ^ # ~OQQ 17 L~O QQ ql Ozi.
gx 6 L~O Q Lù =kO û x (^q H, =#HiOQ il+~ )
1 L~O QO = =kO û x (x~}O)
10 L~O Q P^ =kO û x (qye# ~OQ) J=Oa < ~.
19.
~ ^~ GDP, PO^^ H GSDP# JOK< "_xH ` HO iQ}OK P^~O

1. 199091
2. 199394
3. 19992000
4. 200001
[ : 3
q=~} :
Ô GDPx, ~RO GSDPx ~ ^~ Q}O KO^ XH P^~ O=`~x fO@<~.

` O D ~ O_O\h Q}O KO^ 19992000 O=`~x Base yearQ fO@<~.
194849, 196061, 197071, 198081,
199394, 19992000 O=`~#
W\=~ f<~.
z~Orq
12
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
*fÔ (NATIONAL INCOME)

1. =Y"# ^
Normal Residents
XH^ O x=t, "i PiH PH P Ô < LO> "ix Normal Residents

JO^~. giK LùK
|_# JOu= = =< *fù JO^~.
(Normal Residents are "Those persons who ordinarily resides in a country and whose economic interests lie in
that country". National income is defined as the value of final goods and services produced by the normal residents
of a country.)
XH ^ QoH ^ ~[H i^ # `#. q^j ~~, JO`~f

O nx#Oz q#~OK|_`~. ^ QoH i^ [iQ Lù
'^j Lù Q =|_#.
Stock and Flow variables : x (Stock), "O (Flow) =^ `_ LOk. Stock J< =# XH xi+
HxH KOk#k. Wk Point of Time x zOK#. Flow J<k xq` HxH
KOk#k. Wk Period of Time x zOK#.
L^: 2009 =i 31 <\H ~`[ < J<k Stock HQ, 2008 09 =^ [#< OY Flow x `#.
2009 _O|~ 31 <\H qY@OQ "Ò WO_ Stock variable HQ, 200809 =^ xi`" # WO_ Flow
variable Q =|_#.
J\Q
O^ Stock HQ *f PÔ Flow.
2009 =i 31 <\H ^ "Ò
Stock HQ, < < K ^ Flow.
Domestic Territory
Stock variable
Flow variable
O^
PÔ
[<
[#< OY
<i ^ (Saving)
^ (Savings)
"Ò ^=

<i =O
"Ò JC
JC =_
=^ O`~ ==
: Lù H x W`~ == LùH ^^_ == # =^ O`~
== O^~. g\x Lù^~ L y~ . *f^ Q}# =^ O`~
= q=# H OK~^.
JOu= ==
: =#= H~# ` HO Q O`$ ~ q. J#Q JOu= L Q ^~ (Final
# JOu= == O^~. JOu= L Q^~
Users) J" ==
qxQ^~ H=K ^ Lù^~ H=K.
xH~ ~H #
: ~H ##Oz a_ q#~ =K^ xH~ ~H #
Net Indirect Taxes = Indirect Taxes Subsidies.
~H #
a_
: = = qkOK #. ~H # ~h W`~ H |kb K =K.

: Ò Lù O HK PiH O. nx= Lù =O HO> ` = ^~
qxQ^~ == # JOkOK=K.
GDP Gap (JO`~O

)
: PiH == =#~# O~O Q L yOz Lù K Q Qi+ LùH

"= OQ K# LùH =^ `_ GDP JO`~O .
: ~=~} #xH GDP x ~
@ K ^xx Green GDP JO\~.
Green GDP
z~Orq
13
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
q= PÔ :
H~~\ O HO_ L#_ O` "~O K"~ XHi `= O "<[~Q `" xK =K.
`# @O| < P O xK~OK=K. "<[~Q K =K rÒ, J^ @O|
KeO K=# r`, "`< # He q= P^=x ~ .
*fÔ x~K<: ''XH Ô , xs`H O ^~} x"t`K (Normal Residents) Lù K |_#
JOu= = = =~\ q" *fÔ. Wk Ô Qh, Ô "Qh Lù H|_=K.
Value of all final goods and services produced by the residents of a country, whether operating within the domestic
territory of the country or outside, in a year.
Wk XH O=`~O [iy# Lù< `Òk. Hx =O^ O. [iy# Lùx `^.

Q x~K#O
: ^=O` H=_xH g# , q^#Oz =K PÔ`
O xH O K P^" *fÔ.
+ ~ x~K#O
: `k qxQ^~ uH ^ =#= i~ #Oz O^ =
=^" *fÔ.
=~ x~K#O
: XH Ô =, =^< x L yOz, [=#~ O`
u O=`~O LùK uH, JuH = =` _#
xH~ = = "`" P^ "q H xH~ "iH PÔ.
= < *\ x~K#O
: Ô x L`^H =#~ ^~ [x`" , U\ `k qxQ^~#
K~ = = "Ò xH~ q=# ^ =^# ~tH [`K
|_
xH~ q=# *fÔ JO^~.
National Income Committee (NIC)
: XH xs` HO XH ==
# ~ O_~ q= H@ O_
*Q` _ ` ` ~ # Jx == q=# JOK<" Jk
*fÔ.
Central Statistical Organisation (CSO) : XH O=`~ HO "`<
@HO, =_, ~O XH^
x"t` (Normal Residents) $+O K Lù H~H PÔ#
*fÔ JO^~.
*f^xH O|OkOz Hx ^ =^ `_ (Basic Distinctions):
*f^xH O|OkOz qq^ =# `H<=O^, Hx =Y"# ^ J~O, "x=^ O|OÔ

`H"e LOk.
1. , xH~ L`` (Gross product (Vs) Net product):
Lù H x HO`HO@ x~@OHOQ Lùx JOkOK "\x ~
= ^# O JO^~. L^:
O`, = <, iH~.
=^#
== # (~ = ^# O) O`, ZH" O\, Hs aeOQ Lù H <@
_
J~Q, `~ Q^ (Weat and Tear) Qi JQ#. nx< `~ Q^ (Depreciation) JO^~.
JO> ~
= ^# qxQx (Consumption of Fixed capital) `~ Q^ JO^~.
`~ Q^ He L#^ ^, q#~OK|_ L#^ J<^xx |\
Lù xH~ Lù=^ `_
Q=xOK=K.
`~ Q^` He Lùx H
Lù. `~ Q^# q#~Oz Lùx H xH~ Lù.
Lù
xH~ Lù { `~ Q^
xH~ Lù
Lù `~ Q^
`~ Q^
Lù xH~ Lù

`~ Q^
~ = ^# qxQO (CFC)

@|_H, xH~ @|_H `_ `~ Q^. Wk @|_ He LO_#. H|\ `~ Q^ f"
z~Orq
14
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
xH~ @|_ =K#.

@|_ P^~OQ Ô Lù H , Jk Lù.
xH~ @|_ P^~OQ Ô
Lù H Jk xH~ Lù.
2. ^j, *f L`` (Domestic Vs National Product):
XH ^ QoH i^
Lù [~Q`#^? ^, XH" *fK (Normal Residents) Lù
K |_`#^? J< ^x P^~_ ^j, *f L`` # K =K.
XH ^ QoH i^
(Domestic Territory) [iQ Lùx ^j Lù JO^~. XH ^ QoH
OÒ [iy# D Lù ^jKQx, q^jKQx K |_=K. JO> Wk O`xH ^#`
WK#.
L^: [< KOk# AH H~ HOh WO_ H~# Lù K, Jk ~` QoH i^ Lù [iyOk
H|\ ^x ^j Lù K`~. J\Q =#^xH KOk# \\"~ =+
<< H~# LùK
Jk Ô " Lù [iyOk H|\ ^xx ^j Lù K~ .
XH O=`~ HO XH^
~K (Normal Residents of a country) K |_# JOu= = = q"
*fù. D Lù P ^ QoH i^ Qx, Ô "Qx [~Q= K. JO> nx ^ xH<,
P ^ ~ ^#` LO@Ok.
L^: [<"i AH HOh WO_ H~# LùK , ^x q= [< ^xH KOê. ZO^H#Q Wk [<
=^# O =K PÔ. J\Q =#^xH KOk# \\ "~ =+
<< H~# LùK P Lù
q= ~fK K |_Ok H|\ ~`^ xH KOê. << H~ Lù q=# Ki, lH H~ Lù
q=# f" =K^ *fù.
~`^
Lù H~H# q^ L y =K PÔ #Oz, q^j LùH~H ~`^ O
qxy KeO Ke# =O f" =K^ xH~ q^j H~H PÔ NFIA (Net Factor Income from Abroad).
K H~H =O (P)
NFIA = q^j#O_ =K H~H PÔ (R) - q^ KeO
NFIA = Received Income (R) Payment Income (P)
JO> ^j Lù, *f Lù `_ xH~ q^j H~H PÔ. ^j LùH NFIA Ki *fù
=K#.
*f Lù ^j Lù + NFIA
^j Lù *f Lù NFIA
*f Lù ^j Lù
NFIA
NFIA
RP
^j, *f L`` Uk Z= LO@Ok J<k NFIA P^~_ #.

NFIA q= ^<
`H" ` (R > P), *fù Z=Q LO_#.
NFIA q= ~}`H" `
(R < P), ^j Lù Z=Q LO_#.
NFIA q= #"`
(R = P), ^j, *f L`` =#OQ LO_#.
3. =~\ ^~ , Lù H~H Ys^ ^$ PÔ (Market Prices Versus Factor cost):
xH~ ~H # He L#"? ^, q#~OK|_ L#" J<^x|\ =~\ ^~
LùH, Lù
H~H ^$ P^xH =^ `_ K =K.
z~Orq
15
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
q, =, =^# O, ==# J< Lù H~H O` = Lù [~Q#. D Lù H~H

@HO, "`# O, =_, ~O u KeO K|_#. W^ LùH J =O. nx< Lù H~H
Ys^ ^$ (Lù) P^=O^~.
D Lù H~H `
~K# Lùx =~\ ^~ qxQ^~ Jq#_, =K P^" =~\
^~ PÔ.
Lù =xH =#"#
^~ qkOz =~\ == J"@_ Ò ZH * OHO, J=H #,
O\ ~H # qkOK=K. nx= =~\ =^ ~ , ^x Lù =O HO> Z=Q LO_#. D
#"~ PÔ Lù H~H K~ O_ `xH K~ #. H|\ ~H #"~ LùH~H PÔ
HO>, =~\ ^~ PÔ Z=Q LO_#.
JO> # Lù H~H PÔ QOH^.
=~\ ^~ PÔxOz ~H # f" LùH~H aOK PÔ =O k.
Hx O^~ Ò ==
a_ W==K. nx= =~\ =^ ~ ` =Q LO_#. =~\
=^ ~ a_ He`, Lù =O (Lù H~H " PÔ) =O k.
JO> Lù H~H ^$ PÔ` e#_, =~\ ^~
PÔ ~H # J^#OQ LO@#q
=i a_ "Ò ` =Q LO@#q.
~H # #O_ a_ f" xH~ ~H # =K#. D xH~ ~H # "~ PÔ Lù
H~H Ys^ ^$ PÔHO> =~\ ^~ PÔ Z=Q LO_#.
LùH~H Ys^ ^$ PÔ =~\ ^~
PÔ ~H # { a_
=~\ ^~ PÔ Lù H~H Ys^ ^$ PÔ { ~H # a_
Lù H~H Ys^ ^$ PÔ =~\ ^~ PÔ xH~ ~ H #
=~\ ^~ PÔ Lù H~H Ys^ ^$ PÔ { xH~ ~H #
xH~ ~H # =~\ ^~ PÔ Lù H~H Ys^ ^$ PÔ
xH~ ~H # ~H # a_
4. <==` , "= P^ (Nominal Vs Real Incomes):
`
O=`~ ^~ P^x H ^xx ` ^~ PÔ ^ <==` ^ ^= PÔ
JO^~.
L^: 200910 O=`~ *f^x 200910 O. ^~ H OK@.
J~` HO`HOQ (over a period of time) ^ *f P^x iO^ `
^~ *f^
JOK< L Q_ = . ZO^=##Q Lù ~Q O_< ^~ ~Q^= *fÔ iy#@
H#_=K.
~
^~ *f^x H ^xx "= PÔ JO^~. XH O=`~x P^~ O=`~O (Base
P^x H J^ ~ ^~ PÔ. L^: =#Ô W\=~
year)Q fHx, P O=`~ ^~
194849, 196061, 197071, 198081, 199394, 19992000 =i 20042005 O=`~#
P^~ O=`~Q fHxi.
`
^~ P^x Q}O z#\H, ^xx ~ ^ ~ H =~=K. nxH Price deflator x "_`~.
(Deflator is a statistical technique to neutralise the effect of changes in prices over a period of time)
z~Orq
16
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
~ ^~ PÔ
` ^~ PÔ
X 100
^~ p
L^: 200809 ^~ PÔ 18,00,000 H@. ^~ p 200 J~` ~ ^~ PÔ ZO`?
18,00,000
X 100
9,00,000
~ ^~ PÔ
200
<==` PÔ
` ^~ PÔ Q}
"= PÔ
~ ^~ PÔ Q}
` ^~ PÔ
X 100
~ ^~ PÔ
^~ p
=Y"# `_:
`~ Q^
1) , xH~ Lù =^ `_
2) ^j, *f Lù =^ `_ xH~ q^j H~H PÔ (NFIA)
3) =~\ ^~ , Lù H~H Ys^ =^ `_
xH~ ~H #
=#O fH< ^~
4) <==` , "= PÔ =^ `_
*f^ =#:
, xH~ Lù, ^j, *f L`` O` PiH" ` 4 ~H *f^ =# =H i i.
1)
2)
3)
Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

Gross National Product (GNP)
Net Domestic Product
(NDP)
4)
Net National Product
(NNP)
u =## =~ =~\ ^~ #, Lù H~H Ys^ ^$ Q} ~ . J\O@_ "Ò 8 =#

=~.
1) =~\ ^~ ^jù (GDP )
2) =~\ ^~ *fù (GNP )
3) =~\ ^~ xH~ ^jù (NDP )
4) =~\ ^~ xH~ *fù (NNP )
5) Lù H~H Ys^ ^$ ^jù (GDP )
6) Lù H~H Ys^ ^$ *fù (GNP )
7) Lù H~H Ys^ ^$ xH~ ^jù (NDP )
8) Lù H~H Ys^ ^$ xH~ *fù (NNP )
1. ^j Lù (=~\ ^~ ) GDP :
XH O=`~ HO XH^ QoH i^ [iQ JOu= = =# =~\ ^~ K z =K^
=~\ ^~ ^jù.
nx
J#Q `~ Q^# He Lù q=# KC @.
^j J#Q ^ QoH i^
P ^jKQx, q^jKQx K |_ Lù.
MP
MP
MP
MP
FC
FC
FC
FC
MP
z~Orq
17
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
Lù J#Q JOu= = =. nx =^ O`~ == Lù fH~^.

=~\ ^~
J#Q ~H # He, a_ q#~Oz LO_ ^~ .
GDP H O|OkOz =MO:
1) GDP J<k "=#. Wk XH O=`~O [iQ Lù. =O^ O=`~ Lùx `^ .
e. J#Q Wk sum total of
2) GDP JO> Value of output H^. nx#Oz =^ O`~ qxQO f"
value added =`" .
3) GDP |kb KeO , Capital gains, Financial transactions K@= u~Y ^=O q#~OKe.
4) GDP = ^~ X JOu= = = i=}O
5) ~ O_~ H O =# x"iOKO^ JOu= = = fH"e.
6) GDP J<k ^j QxH KOk#k. H|\ xH~ q^j H~H PÔ (NFIA) q#~OKe.
MP
MP
MP
MP
MP
GDPMP = Valve of output in Domestic Territory Value of Intermediate consomption

(or)
GDPMP =
Sum total of Value Added
2) *fù (=~\ ^~ ) GNP :

XH O=`~ HO P^ *fK (Normal Residents of a Country) Lù K |_# JOu= =
= =~\ q=# =~\ ^~ *fù JO^~.
GDPH xH~ q^jH~H PÔ (NFIA), Ki GNP =K#.

Lù H|\ `~ Q^ He LO_#.
*f Lù H|\ NFIA nx He LO_#. nx Lù J<k P Ô
Qx, Ô "Qx
K|_=K.
MP
GNPMP = GDPMP + NFIA (Net Factor Income from Abroad)

GDP, GNP ^x q= Z=Q LO@O^<k
NFIA P^~_
NFIA J<k ^<
`HOQQx, ~}`HOQ Qx LO_=K.
NFIA
LO@Ok.
^< `H" ` ( q^ KeO z# H~H PÔHO>,q^#Oz =z# H~H PÔ Z=O>

R > P)
J<k, GDP HO> Z=Q LO_#.

NFIA ~}`H" `
(=z# H~H PÔHO>, KeO z# H~H PÔ Z=O> R < P) GNP J<k
GDP HO> ` =Q LO_#.
GDP, GNP =^ ` _
GNP
GDPMP

GNPMP
^j QO [iQ Lùx `#
nxx ^jQx, q^jQx K =K

P ^ [K [~| _ Lùx `#
Wk Normal Resident of a country J~ LO_
O KO ZH_< Lù H|_=K.
Wk q"# (Broader) =#
Wk ~ ^#` WK#
Wk Oz` =#

Wk ^
xH ^#` WK#

GDP = Value of output in Domestic Territory
Value of Intermediate consumption
GNP = GDP + Net Factor Income from abroad
z~Orq
18
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
GDP = GNP NFIA

NFIA q= ~}`H" `
GDP > GNP
GNP = GDP + NFIA

NFIA q= ^<
`H" ` GNP > GDP
(Payments exceed Receipts P > R)
(Receipts exceed payments R > P)
P>R
R >P
..........................................................................................................................................................
+
=
=
..........................................................................................................................................................
GDP
GDP
GNP
GNP
3. xH~ ^jù (=~\ ^~ ) NDP :

GDP, GNP `~ Q^# q#~OK=. H|\ Jq PiH ==
Q "= = = "x è* =.
JO^K LùH |^ xH~ Lù Q}O K@ J=~O .
=~\ ^~
^jù (GDM ) #O_ ~ = ^# qxQO (`~ Q^), f" xH~ ^jù
=K#.
Lù H =^#
== # L yOK@= J~Q, `~ Q^ Qi JQ#. D `~ Q^# GDP
#O_ f" , NDP =O k.
NDP
=
GDP `~ Q^
MP
MP
MP
MP
NDPMP
GDPMP Consumption of Fixed Capital (CFC)
GDPMP
NDPMP +
`~ Q^
4) xH~ *fù (=~\ ^~ ) NNP :

=~\ ^~
*fù (GNP ) #Oz `~ Q^# q#~ =~\ ^~ xH~ *fù
=K#.
xH~ J#Q `~ Q^ q#~OK|_#.
*f J#Q NFIA nx Ki LO_#.
NNP
=
GNP D `~ Q^
MP
MP
MP
NNPMP
NNPMP
NNP
MP
=
=
NDPMP + NFIA
GDPMP + NFIA D
H, GNP H `_
NNPMP
1) `~ Q^ q#~OK|_#
2) NNP = GNP D
MP
z~Orq
MP
GNPMP
1) `~ Q^ He LO_#.
GNPMP = NNPMP + D
19
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
NDP H NNP
H `_
NDPMP
NNPMP
1) ^j QO [~Q#
1) P ^jK Ô Qx, "Qx [~Q#
2) nx NFIA Ki LO_^
2) nx NFIA He LO_#
3) NNP = NDP + NFIA
3) NDP = NNP NFIA
LùH ~H Ys^ ^$ PÔ
XH Ô LùH ^^_ Lù H~H P^# H@ ^~ ^j PÔ O^=K.
@HO, "`< , =_, Ki ^j PÔ =K#.
5) ^j Lù (Lù H~H Ys^ ^$ ) GDP :
^j
QO Jh Lù H~H PiOz# PÔ# `#.
nx `~ Q^ He LO_#.
GDP H GDP H `_ xH~ ~H #.
H|\ GDP #Oz xH~ ~H # f" GDP =K#.
MP
MP
MP
MP
FC
MP
FC
MP
GDPFC
GDPFC
FC
=
=
GDPMP Net Indirect taxes

GDPMP (Indirect Taxes Subsidies)
GDPMP Indirect Taxes + Subsidies.
(@HO { "`< { =_ { ) { `~ Q^.

6) *fù (Lù H~H Ys^ ^$ ) GNP :
=~\ ^~
*fù#Oz xH~ ~H # f" , LùH~H Ys^ ^$ GNP =K#.
=
GDPFC
FC
GNPFC
GNPMP Net Indirect Taxes
(~H # a_)
GNP ~H # { a_
7) xH~ ^jù (LùH~H Ys^ ^$ ) NDP :
nxx xH~ ^jÔ JO^~.
=
GNPFC
GNPMP
MP
FC
NDPFC
NDPMP Net Indirect Taxes
NDPFC
GDPFC
`~ Q^
NDPMP
NDPFC
1) nxx =~\ ^~ Q} ~
2) NDP = NDP + xH~ ~H #
3) JOu= = =# `#
MP
FC
1) nxx Lù H~H ^~ ` Q} ~

2) NDP = NDP xH~ ~H #
3) Lù H~H Ok# P^x `#
FC
MP
8) xH~ *fù (Lù H~H Ys^ ^$)/ *fÔ NNP :

NNP < *fÔ JO^~.
^j H~H P^xH NFIA Ki *fÔ =O
k.
NNP #Oz xH~ ~H # f" NNP / *fÔ =K#.
GNP #Oz `~ Q^ f" NNP =K#.
FC
FC
MP
FC
z~Orq
FC
FC
20
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
HO>, NNP x["# H=#OQ K =K. H~}O Wk ~H # =~= qÒ H^.

Note: ~H # iy`, "=
Lù ~QH ~< NNP ~Q#. Hx NNP J<k D ~H #=
qÒ H^.
NNP
=
^j H~H PÔ (NDP ) + NFIA
=
NNP xH~ ~H #
NNP
NNPMP
FC
MP
FC
FC
FC
NNPFC
FC
MP
GNPFC D
qq^ =# =^ JO` ~ O |O^ O .

, xH~ ~O#, =~\ ^~ , Lù H~H Ys^~O#, ^j, *f L`` # q=iOK_O
[iyOk. Wq XH ^xHH\ JO`~ O |OÔ Hey L#q. U =# #Oz J~<, qye# =## HO` ~ @
^~ O^=K.
GDPMP
+ NFIA
GNPMP
Net IT
NNPMP
NNPFC/NI
D O|O^x =~H ~HO Q _ K=K.
GDPMP
xH~
~ H
#
NFIA
NNP MP
GNPFC
Ne
t IT
xH~
~
H #
`~
^
` Q
~
NDPMP
NFIA
^
` Q
~
-NFIA
GNPMP
GDPFC
NNPFC
^
` Q
~
NFIA
xH~
~
H
#
NDPFC
z~Orq
21
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
*f^xH O|OkOz Hx ~ @ K @^~ " \ ~OQxH KOk# Hx =# O^=K.

Jq..
1) Private Income (" \ PÔ)
2) Personal Income (=+ PÔ)
3) Personal Disposable Income (=~Ô)
Private Income:

" \ ~OQxH qq^ =~ ^~ ` O =K P^x Wk `#.

qq^ P^~ ^~ Lù H~H JiOz# "Ò P^xH, Ò #Oz, W`~ O KO (Rest of
Ki " \ PÔ =K#.
the World) #Oz Ok# |kb KeO
*f^xH (NNP ), Hx ~ @K Private Income =K#.
Ò , qQ, ` P , ==# #Oz =K PÔ =i ` _~" O>`~
O K ^ (E.g. HMT, SAIL), " \ ~OQ PÔ H^ H|\ *fÔ #Oz f"
e.
Ò `# qxQ J=~H [#Oz ~}O fHO@Ok. D ~}O KeO K =_ _ |kb
KeO O\^. Ò =$^ OK# , x~^Q $ u, "_H J"#, ~+ , y ~O
" \ ~OQxH D |kb KeO JOkOK#. H$ u " s ` Oq Oz#_ ~` Ò P~O,
=, =O^ O\ "\x q^ O K Q, q^ _ =#Ô H$ u " s `
Oq Oz#_ O K #. =# =z# |=`, O#Oz =#O q^ K# x
f" xH~ q^j |kb KeO =K#. " \ ~O QO WO\ |kb KeO ~O PÔ O^#.
Wk " \ PÔ QO. Hx *fÔ QO H^.
FC
Private Income =
National Income Income from property and entrepreneuership accruing to the Govt.
Savings of non - Departmental enterprises
+ Interest on National debt
+ Net current transfers from government
+ Net current transfer from abroad.
" \ P^=<k *fÔ `, " \ ~OQ =^ q[ ## `#.

"
\ ~O QO H # qkO ~O (Pre - tax Income) u x " @
PÔ zOK#.
Note: |kb KeO
:
LùH~H PÔ J<k ` LùH ^^_ ` =Kk. J~` Hx ~H P^ ZO\ L`^H
H~H# #O_< ~=K. g\x |kb KeO JO^~. JO> ` LùH ZO\ H~O
O_< O^q.
L^: =$^ O K# , x~^Q$ u, q^~ HK ~+ , ~}
~ HK O, i>~ J~# "iHK
#< , y , _<+< Gifts and Donations, H$ u " s ` =O K O, è^ O _ HK
H\=h, ` ~}O KeO K =_ "II
=+ PÔ (Personal Income):
=
(Q$~OQO) OkOz# P^xH, "= OQ KuHz# P^xH `_ LO@Ok.
"
@
PÔ = qq^ P^~ ^~ PiOz# P^x `Q, =+ PÔ = , "= OQ
Ok# P^x `#.
z~Orq
22
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
= OkOz# PÔ HO` QO "iKuH ~^.

Z) O OkOz# PÔ HO` QO "\^~ Oz@~ . q +` @|_H nx LOK`~.
D Qx Oz@|_x (Undistributed profits or retained earnings) JO^~.
a) O PÔ HO` QO H~~\ #Q KeO K|_#. nxx Corporate Profit Tax JO^~. D
H~~\ # `xH =#.
=+ PÔ " \ PÔ Oz@|_x H~~\ #
Wk = =^ P^ O} Z\ LOn? "
HH # ~x `#.
=~ =+ PÔ (Personal Disposable INcome):
=
KuHz# P^=O` =O K gH^. nx P^ #, O^ #, =$u # O\ =+
# KeO KQ qye# Q" =O K |_xH =Q#.
H|\ =+ PÔ #Oz =+ #Q qye# ^xx =~ =+ P^=O^~.
Personal Disposable Income = Personal Income Personal Taxes
=~Ô =+ PÔ =+ #, <b "II

=~Ô HO` QO qxQO K Q qye#k ^ K~ .

JO^K
=~Ô qxQO { ^
=~Ô J<k = = LO_Q _=O_(Potential Demand) # è* #. "~"` nx

P^~OQ `= Lù H~H JOK< "~ .
GDPMP
+ NFIA
GNPMP
Net IT
G + TP
CT, UDP
PT
NNPMP
NNPFC/NI
Private Income
Personal Income (PI)
DPI
G = Income from property and entrepreneurship accuring to the govt. and savings of non - departmental enterprises
TP = National debt Interest, current transters from the govt.
CT = Corporation taxes
UDP = Undistributed Profits
PT = Personal Taxes
DPI = Personal Disposable Income.
ì PÔ (Per Capita Income):

[< ` XHO\H =KP^x `#.
*f^x ^ [#K y =Kk ì PÔ.
z~Orq
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Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
*fÔ
ì PÔ (PCI) =
[< (OII=^ [<)
*fÔ iy<, [< `y< , ~ O_ [iy<, ì PÔ ~Q#. PCI J<k [ r=#
=}x zOK#.
` ^~ ì P^x Q} <==` ì PÔ =K#.
` ^~ *fÔ
<==` ì PÔ
[<
~ ^~ ì P^x Q} "= ì PÔ =K#.
~ ^~ ("= ) *fÔ
"= ì PÔ
[<
"= ì PÔ iy` [ r=# =}~ =$k KO^#.
` ^~ ì P^x, ~ ^ ("= ) H =~=K.
` ^~ ì PÔ
X 100
~ ^~ ì PÔ
^~ p
ì P^ =$k~ @:
*`^ =$k~ @ #Oz, [<=$k ~ @#
@ =K#.
f" ì P^ =$k~
ì P^ =$k~ @ *f^ =$k~ @ [<=$k~ @
L^: *f^ =$k~ @ 5% [< =$k~ @ 2%, J~< ì P^ =$k~ @?
ì P^=$k~ @ 5% 2%
3%
` , ~ ^~ *fÔ :
J^ O=`~OQ =~\ ^~
JOu= = = q=# H ^xx ` ^~ *f^
=O^~. JO> J^ O=`~O Lù, J^ O=`~O ^~ .
L^: 200910 O. ^~ *f^x H Jk ` ^~ *fÔ.
XH P^~ O=`~OQ ^~
K ` O=`~OQ JOu= = =# H ^xx ~ ^~
*f^=O^~.
L^: 200910 O=`~O [iy# Lùx 20042005 O=`~ ^~ H ^xx ~ ^~
*f^=O^~.
`
^~ P^x H , ^~ ~Q^= PÔ ~Q= K H|\ Jk PiH == "= =~x
zOK^ . JO^K ~ ^~ H ~ . nxx "= *f^ =O^~.
^~
pK ~ @ K @^~ ` ^~ P^h, ~ ^ ~ H =~=K.
~ ^ ~ *fÔ
` ^~ *fÔ
X 100
` O=`~ ^~ p
z~Orq
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Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
Summary :

^j Lù: ^ QoH i^ [iQq (q^j _ K =K).

*f Lù: XH ^ ~K K |_ Lù (Ô " _ H=K).
*f Lù ^j Lù { NFIA
KeO z# H~H PÔ (P)
NFIA =z# H~H PÔ (R)
=~\ ^~ PÔ : =~\ ^~ JOu= = = q=
H~H ^~ PÔ : Lù H~H =K P^ "Ò
H~H ^~ PÔ =~\ ^~ PÔ xH~ ~H #
xH~ ~H # ~H # a_
NDP = GDP D
GNP = GDP + NFIA
NNP = GNP D
Technically NNPFC is called National Income

|kb KeO ` LùH ^^_ O_ O^ PÔ

" \ PÔ *fÔ ` P #Oz =K PÔ
<< _~" O@ O ^
{ `~}O =_
{ |kb KeO
=+ PÔ " \ PÔ Oz@|_x, H~~\ #
=~ PÔ =+ PÔ =+ #
ì PÔ =

*`Ô
[<
` ^~ *fÔ : ` =~\ ^~ Q} =Kk.
~ ^~ *fÔ : P^~ O=`~ ^~ Q} =Q#.
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Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
2. *f^x =kOK ^`

LùH~H# L yOz = = Lù K~ . D Lù q= Lù H~H P^Q OK|_#.

D PÔ qxQ, @|_ == =O K |_#. =O uiy LùH ^^_ #.
Lù= PÔ $+O K|_#. PÔ = = _=O_# HeOK#. _=O_= = = =O
[~Q#. =O uiy LùH îf#.
Lù
(== { =)
=O
(qxQ { @|_ =O)
O}/PÔ
@HO{"`# O{=_{
JO^K g\x Production Distribution Disposition Q K`~.

H|\ PiH ==
Lù, PÔ, =O =#OQ LO\~. JO^K *f^x =_ ^`
Q} ~ .
1) Net Product Method (or) Value Added Method (Lù =kO û
)
2) Income Method (P^ =kO û
)
3) Expenditure Method (= =kO û
)
1. Lù =kO û :
nxx Product Method, Value Added Method, Industrial Origin Method, Net Output Method Jx ~ .
= < l<\ nxx 'Lù " û Jx eK#.
PiH ==
O=`~HO JOu= = = Lùx Ki xH~ Lù =K#.
PiH ==
Q ^q H, kf, `$f ~OQ [iy# Lùx Ki "Ò Lù (Gross Output)
=O k. J~` XH ~OQO [iy# Lùx =~H ~OQO Lù H~HO (=^ O`~ == )Q "_=K.
J\O@_ "\ q=# f"
e.
L^: =~f L^Q eq>_ Steel, Tyres "II "xx Hx =~f H~# LùK , xH~ Lù *fù
Q}O K@_ "Ò Steel, Tyres, H~ Lùx HO_ u^ J^#OQ Ki# q=< (Value Added) fH"e.
e.
J#Q H~ q=#Oz ^x ` sH L yOz# =^ O`~ =q = (Steel, Tyres) # f"

Gross Value Added = Gross value of output Intermediate consumption

Net value Added (NVA) = Gross valve Added (GVA) Depreciation
NVAFC = NVAMP Net Indirect Taxes
< Lù H~H Ys^ ^$ xH~ ^jù JO^~. nxH

*fÔ.
NVAFC
z~Orq
26
NFIA
Ki
NNPFC
=K#. W^
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
nxx HOkqÔ Q K=K.

Gross value of output
( ) Intermediate consumption
Gross Value Added (GVAMP) or GDPMP
( ) `~ Q^

Net Value Added (NVAMP) or NDPMP
( ) xH~
~H #
LùH~H ^$ xH~ ^j Lù NDP
FC
/ NVAFC
({) xH~ q^jH~H PÔ (NFIA)

*fÔ (NNP
FC
Lù =kO û fH=# *Q` (Precautions):

1) XH == ~ O_~ H OK O_ *Q` _ e. WO^Q#...
Z) JOu= == < H H fH"e
(^)
a) q= Ki# û << "_e.
2) ^~ ~Q^ =O O_ K_e. nxH ~ O_ =~<~.
Z) ~ ^~ *fùx Q}O Ke
(^)
a) ` ^~ Q}O z#\H, _@
~ O` "= PÔH =~e.
3) O qxQO (Self consumption) =~\ ^~ H ~^H|\ K~e. L^: ~ ` O`xH "_#
P~^ <.
4) OÒQ [=x LO@# WO\= (Imputed Rent of owner occupied houses) K~e. L^: Imputed
Rent, Imputed Interest.
5) Q$}= (Services of house wives) ^=~O JOK< " O. H|\ *f^#Oz

q#~OKe. L^: =O@ K @, O~H}
.
6) Second - hand goods ^ existing commodities H , qH K~ ~^. L^: `H~, ` W, `
~O\OQ J=HO K~ ~^.
Note: J~` `==
J"@_ H~ (Broker) Hg+< K~e (J`x = ` O=`~xH
KOk#q H|\)
7) Bonds and Shares J=H *fÔ#Oz q#~OKe. (nx= P |kb J=`~ Hx,
#`#OQ Ug $+O K|_=) J~` Shares, Bonds J"@_ H~ = H OKe.
8) =^ O`~ == # *fÔ K~ ~^.
z~Orq
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Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
W<O@s ~Q^ *fÔ K~e, `~ Q^# f"

e.
Lù =kO û Z^~ =:
1) W<O@s ~Q^ *f^xH K~e. J~` ^~ =~= g\ q=# JOK< " @H+O .
2) `~ Q^# JOK< " @ H+O (H# ^~ JOK<" ? ^ Replacement Cost P^~OQ JOK<" ?
J<k =).
3) q^, ~"} =O O\q JOu= == ^ =^ O`~ == J<k K O.
4) =^ O`~ == , JOu= == =^ +" # w` wO. Jk "\ L QO P^~_ #. O_ (Flour)
J<k Q$ JOu= == HQ, ~> ` ~ K"_ (Baker)H Jk =^ O`~ == .
5) r=<^~ ~OQO#, O` "~Ox L`` O|OkOz ~ # =K~O O H=_O^ .
6) = = q=# Lù =^~ H OK? \ ^~ ? z~ ^~ H OK J<k =.
7) =~\H ~x Self - consumption, owner - occupied buildings Rents O\ "\H ^~ x~~ OK@ H+O .
8) =# fH"? =^? J<k =~H =.
qq^ ~OQ #Oz (Industrial Origin) *f^xH ZOÒ` "\ =# n? qq^ ~OQ H ^#`
Z\ LOk? `H<O^ D û L Q_ #.
2. P^ =kO û (Income Method):
nxx Factor Payment Method, Distributed Share Method, Income Paid Method, Income received
Method Jx ~ .
LùH~H (
q, =, =^# O, ==# ) `= = JOkOK@^~ u (@HO, "`# O,
=_, ) O^`~. D u # He` *fÔ =O k.
Lù H~H O` Lù [~QÒk. P Lù q= Lù H~H K~ Òk. P H~H u
h
He` *fÔ =K#. *fÔ @HO { "`# O { =_ { { q= PÔ
Lù H~H =K PÔ ~
O_ ~HQ ql OK=K.
I) ^j H~H PÔ (Domestic Factor Income)
II) xH~ q^jH~H PÔ (Net Factor Income from abroad)
Note:
Sources of Factor Income
Domestic Factor Income

Compensation of
Employees (COE)
Wages and Salaries in cash
NFIA

Operating Surplus
(OS)
Mixed Income of the

Self employed
Income from Property
Compensation in Kind
Employer's contribution to
Social Security Schemes
z~Orq
Income from Entrepreneuership
28
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
I).
^jH~H P^x 3 ~HQ ql OK=K.

1) =# JOk =K PÔ (Labour Income/ Compensation of Employees)
2) =^# O/ P #Oz PÔ (Property Income/ Operating Surplus)
3) q= PÔ (Mixed Income) XH =H ~ O_O\x JOk =K PÔ.
1. Compensation of Employees: q, L^Q
`= =# JOkOK@ ^~ O^ i~O (u )
=_ q^Q LO_#.
Z) ^=~OQ "`< , r`. L^: rÒ, _.Z., KP~Z, X\Z., #, Hg+<, LTC (Leave Travel
Concession) etc.
=~ O JOkOK i~O (Compensation in Kind). L^: Lz` Q$O, "^ O, Lz`

x~O, P~O,
Lz`q^, ~"}, =_ O_ ~}^ O, Creches for children of Employees etc.
) [=#O L^QHK O H ^` KeO (Employer's Contribution to social security schemes).
L^: .Z, rq`c=, i>~ " O\ #<H JOkOK "\, Q W#~<, Q_\ "II
2. Operating Surplus: =^<
x, [=<x He LO_@= =K PÔ. JO> P , ==# #Oz
=K PÔ (Income from Property and entrepreneurship).
Z) =, = < He LO_@= @HO =K#. Rent of Self-occupied house (Imputed Rent) _
@HO Q" .

~}, _l\ =K =_.

Q# bAHz#_ =K ~b, >O\ , H ~ \ =K ~b nx QO.

Rent, Interest, Royalties J<q Income from property Q K =K.
a)HOh "\^~ OK _q_O_:

^ HOh `= "Ò P^x +~ ~ H _q_O_ ~O Oz@=. HO` P^x
Oz@ O_ LOK`~. nxx Oz@|_x (Undistributed profits) JO^~.

D Oz@|_x HO` QO Corporate Profit Tax Q#, HO` QO Corporate Saving Q#
LO@Ok. JO> Dividends, Undistributed Profits, Corporate Tax J<q Income from entre preneurship Q
=|_`~.
3. Mixed Income: Lù H XH =H =#, =^<
x JOk =K PÔ q= PÔ. JO>
HO` Labour Income HQ, HO` Property and Entrepreneurship #Oz =K P^=Q#. L^: O`
"~O, Carpenters PÔ, O` Hx H=^ _H~ JOkOK =, `# O xK ~ ` .
II) xH~ q^jH~H PÔ (NFIA) = H~H# JOkOz#O^ q^#Oz Ok# PÔ (R) ^
QO
q^ JOkOz# H~H = KeO K KeO (P).

NDP = L^Q i~O { Operating Surplus + q= PÔ.

NNP = NDP + NFIA
nx< *f^=O^~.
*fÔ [COE + OS + mixed Income] + NFIA
^jH~H PÔ { q^j xH~ H~H PÔ.
P^ =kO û fH=e# *Q` :
1) O qxQ q= (Self - consumption), Imputed rent of the Self - occupied houses He.
a)
FC
FC
z~Orq
FC
29
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
|kb KeO K~ ~^. L^: Old age Pensions, x~^Q$ u, ~+ , H~ = =O Ò

JOkOK O. Wq ` LùH ZO\ `_@# JOkOK=.
3) K@= u~H ^=O K~ ~^. L^: Q~ PÔ, illegal drug Traders (Wq K@= u~H H~H
O> =z#q. =i Q}O x q).
4) *f~}O =_ K~ ~^. Ò ^~}OQ qxQ J=~H ~}O fO@Ok J< " O=
~}O =_ K~ ~ (Wk J#`^H L^ O ` fH|_Ok H|\)
5) Second hand goods, bonds, shares Jq` =K PÔ K~ ~^. J~` g\ J=H H~ Hg+<
H OKe.
6) " @
|kb KeO K~ ~^. L^: è^ O _ HK Pocket Money, =$^ HK ^=O "II
(nx XHi#Oz =~HiH H =O ^=O =`" |kb JQK#k)
7) Qe"@ (windfall gains) *f^ Q}# K~ ~^. L^: @s ^~, prizes ^~ =K
PÔ (Wq _ ` LùH ZO\ `_@# JOkOK=).
8) H~~+< # fH ~O L# # *f Q}# fO\~. H|\ ` HOQ H~~+< ##
fH#=~O^.
9) O^ # , |=u# O\q ` PÔ #OzHH, ~ ^ #Oz Ke ~ . H|\
*fÔ QO H^.
P^ =kO û Z^~< =:
1) q= P^x Q}O K@ H+O (J==H $ `~O QO ~ # =K~O OH^).
2) HO`=Ok PiH" ` ` ~}O HO` QO L`^H H~H ^^_ #. H|\ ~}O =_
*`Ô K~x "kOzi.
3) Ja=$k ^ P^xH KOk# ~ # Q}OH OH= (D ^ Hk=Ok =`" #
Ke ~ ).

*fÔ qq^ Lù H~H=^ Z\ O} J~O^ `H<O^ P^ =kO ^`
L yOKe.
3. = =kO û (Expenditure Method):
nxx Income Disposal Method, Consumption and Investment Method Jx JO^~.

PiH == [iQ JOu= =O H OK@^~ GDP x O^=K. JOu= == K JOu= =O
^~ nxx Q} ~ . JOu= == J<q qxQxHQx, @|_H Hx H=K. JO> JOu= qxQ
=O, JOu= @|_ =O H@ ^~ nxx O^=K. JO^K nxx Consumption and Invest
ment Method JO^~.
XH ^ QO JOu= =O K ~OQ <QO\~.
1) Q$~OQO (Household sector)
2)
z~Orq
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Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
2) O / "~ ~OQO (Business/ Producing Sector)

3) `~OQO (Government Sector)
4) W`~ O K~O QO Rest of the World (Row)
JOu= = = D <Q ~OQ K =O D qÔ Q LO@Ok.
Z) qxQ =O (Consumption Expenditure) C
a) @|_ =O (Investment Expenditure) I
) ` =O (Government Expenditure) G
_) xH~ ZQ=` (Exports Imports) X M
Z) " \ JOu= qxQ =O (C):
qxQ == , = Q$~OQO, L^ O x KO ^ O K =O nx Q.
=xHx
(non-durables goods) P~O, h, |, @` K =O.
=xHQ
(durable goods) TV, iK~, H~, H, AC "II "\ =O.
~"}=, "^
= O\ = =O.
g\ K =x =~\x i>
^~ (Retail Prices) P^~OQ Q}~.
Note: #`# W H#Q qxQ =OH^. Jk @|_ =O HOkH =O
k.
` Lù =" fH"e. `H~, `== =O fH~^.
Lù^~ `#H LOz# Self-Consumption _ qxQ =O Q" .
Imputed Rent on Self - occupied houses _ qxQ =O Q" .
B) @|_ =O (I):
uH =^# == ~Q^ @|_ L^: O`, Hs ~_x WO_, O W<O@s
~Q^.
@|_ =< Gross Domestic Capital Formation (GDCF) JO^~. nx =_ Q Q=.
a) ~
@|_/ ~ =^# H#: #`# O\, O`, Z" O\, Hs , ~"} Z" O\,
x~}# (_O, >e<< ) "II "x K =O.
b) ~
_x K =O: #`# WO_ x~}O =O (W#=, " O\, =_, W@H, = "II
"x a~K =O). nxx Commodity Flow Approach JO^~. Major repairs, Renovations nx Q" .
WO_ x~}=<k @|_QO.
Note: Capital goods @|_H, WO_x
~}O @|_H HkQ `_ LOk. WO_ J<q Q$~OQOK H#Q
K |_Q, =^# == O K H#Q K |_#.
c) x=~ (W<O@s): =_~
, QO ` ~ # == , J=HxH Ô QL# JOu===
(Final goods awaiting sale) "IIq W<O@s. D W<O@s =K =~x @|_ =OQ fO\~.
Change in stock = closing stock opening stock.
z~Orq
31
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
~ @|_ { ~ _x WO_ x~}O { W<O@s =~ K =x @|_Q K =K.

gx HO` QO J~Q, `~ Q^ Qi J~# "\ #O @|_ H|_=K. D Replacement amount
x `~ Q^ (Depreciation) JO^~. H|\ @|_#O_ D `~ Q^# f" xH~ @|_ =K#.
Net Domestic Investment
= Gross Fixed Business Investment +

Inventory Investment +
Gross Residential Investment - Depreciation.
C) `=O (G):
nxx ` JOu= qxQ ==O^~.

i#, ~H}
, Ou XO^, q^ "^ OH = = =O ` =O. ` =O=
=~\ J" == LùH= H|\, g\H =~\ ^~ O_=. ` = JOkOKO^ Ò
L^Q K =O, Ò = JOkOK@_ == K =O He` ` =O =K#.
J~` ` = =~\ ^~
J=H~#\H, <==` ~O fH=K. (L^: Hospitals
<==` ~O, qÔ A
) J\O\ ~|_x, =O #Oz f" xH~ =O =K#.
L^Q i~O "`<
, r`, O H KeO ~O LO_#.
` JOu= qxQ =O L^Q i~O { ^j =~\ = = xH~ H#Q { q^#Oz
= = xH~ H#Q.
xH~ J#Q H#Q q=, J=H q= =^ Q `_.
D) xH~ ZQ=` Net Exports (X M) :
= = ZQ=` q=#Oz kQ=` q= f" , xH~ ZQ=` =K#. Wk ^<
`HOQ Qx,
~}`HOQQx LO_=K. Net Exports = Exports Imports
xH~ ZQ=` J<q ^j Lù (Domestic product) QO.
Open Economy XH^
O W`~ ^` JO`~f "~O K XH^ O W`~ ^ == , =
(+ OQ, c=, OHOQ, ~"}, ~@H =) ZQ=uK =K. J\Q q^ P ^xH P~O,
handicrafts O\ ==
# H#=K. J^qÔ Q q^#Oz == , kQ=u K H=K.
= =kO û
ZQ=`#, kQ=`# ^j =O ZO^ fH"e?
ZQ=` q^
=O K# \H, P == ^j QO LùH|_q H|\ Jq ^j
Lù QO.
kQ=` J<q q^ LùH|_#\H, "x =O J<q ^j qxQ @|_ =QO.
J~` XH ^
QO Lù ZO` J~#n `H"O> kQ=` f"
e.
xH~ q^j @|_ xH~ ZQ=` + NFIA.
PiH ==
[iQ qxQ, @|_, `, xH~ ZQ=` He` GDP =K#.
GDPMP = C + I + G + (X M)
@|_x fH<@_ xH~ @|_ fO> GDP H |^ NDP =K#.

GDP H NFIA Ki, GNP =K#. nx#Oz `~ Q^ f" NNP =K#. nx#Oz xH~ ~H
# f" NNP =K#. W^ *fÔ.
Note :
MP
MP
MP
FC
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32
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
*fÔ(NI)
nxx D qÔ Q K=K
= C + I + G + (X M) + NFIA D Net IT
C + I + G + (X M)

GDPMP

( + ) NFIA

GNPMP

( ) Depreciation

NNPMP

( ) Net IT

NNPFC / National Income.
Note:
* GDP
xH~ ZQ=` (X M) J<q QO.

* GDP H NFIA (RP), Ki GNP =K#.
= =kO û *f^ =#
C+I+G+(XM)
GDPMP
+ NFIA
Net It
G + TP
CT, UDP
PT
GNPMP
NNPMP
NNPFC / NI
Private
Income
Personal
Income
DPI
= =kO û fH=e# *Q` :

1) JOu= == xO\x fH"e (=~\ g\ =O [iy<, [~QH ~<).
z~Orq
33
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
2)
3)
4)
5)

L^: Self - consumption, Imputed values.

=^ O`~ == =O H OK~^ (Wk JOu= =O QO H|\) .
Second - hand goods K =O H OK~^ (Wq Q` O=`~ LùH =~).
+~, O_ (Financial assets) K =O H OK~^ (nx [=#O =`" |kb JQ#. ZO\
#`# P LùH=).
|kb KeO K =O H OK~^. L^: OK#, x~^Q $ u .
~`^ O O\ Ja=$k KO^`# ^ =xH O|OkOz i # =K~O H =_O= D û x
J=OaOKO .
PiH == "@, ` = "\ `H<O^, qxQO, @|_ `H<O^
==kO û J=Oa~ .
*fÔ Q}OK@_ q#~OK=# JO :

#< : *fÔ K~ ~^. H~}O D u O ` L`^H H~HxH u O H^.

QÒ Lù K# == : GNP ` O Lù J~# "\< K~ ~ . H|\ g\x K~ ~^.
q^ #Oz |kb : Wk Ok` PÔ H^ H|\ *fÔ K~ ~^.
HOh O_ J=HO : Wk = =# OK^ . Wk H =O ^=O |kb =`" . H|\ nx GNP
H~^.
qOu : nxH =~\ q= Q}O K@ H+O . H|\ nx *fÔ K~ ~^.
i\ J=H, H#Q : O_, +~ H#Q J<q H =O [=#O |kb. nx
L`^H H~HO Wq_ LO_^ . H|\ GNP H~^.
Purchase of Second Hand Machine of a Domestic Service : Wk Q` O=`~ =O QO
H|\ *fÔ H~^.
Purchase of New Shares of a Domestic firm : #`# +~ H#Q _ [=#O |kbQ
iQ}O K=K. = H#QQ iQ}O K~^. JO^K GNP K~ ~^.
Ò q^~ Hz# ~+ : Wq |kb KeO HO^ =K#. nx K~ ~^.
` P` Lz` "^ O : Wk |kb KeO H|\ NI H~^.
` ~}O =_ : Wk H~H PÔ H^. H|\ K~ ~.
@s ^~ =K PÔ : Wk Qe"@ O (Wind fall gain) H|\ K~ ~^.
Remittances from Abroad : nx *fÔ K~ ~^. H~}O Wk W`~ ^ #Oz =K |kb
KeO .
`~ Q^ : GNP Q" Hx NNP QO H^. H|\ K~ ~^.
q^j =# Ô x HOh Ok# : nxx *fÔ H~^. H~}O Wk
W`~ ^ H~H PÔ.
O^ # : ZO\ L`^H` OK^ . H|\ GNP K~ ~^.
z~Orq
34
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
Gift Tax :
*fÔ QO H^.
~H # : nx *fÔ K~ ~^.
*fÔ Q}OK@_ iQ}H fH"e# JO : (K~e# JO)

+~# J" Hq+< U*O@ PÔ : Lù H~HO Q P^x O^`<~ H|\ nx *fÔ
K~e.
[=x LO@# WO\ = : Wk imputed value Q K =K. *fÔ K~e.
_H~
H H#+ < A
: Wk H~H u O H|\ He.
~y =O^ =O : Wk Q$ =O QO H|\ *fÔ He.
#~ JOkOz# Lz` xO : Wk "`<
, r` QO H|\ *fÔ He.
# : Wk "i PÔ/rÒ QO H|\ *fÔ K~ `~.
WHO O
xK ~f PÔ : Wk H~H PÔ H|\ H`~.
Provident Fund # L^Q "\ : nxx L^Q "`<
#Oz Ke ~ H|\ nxx *fÔ
K~ `~.
#`# WO_ x~}= : *fÔ K~ #. H~}O Wk @|_ =O
OH~ [_H
K rÒ : *fÔ K~ #. H~}O Jk H~HxHK PÔ.
MP H WK J"# : *fÔ K~ #. H~}O Wk H~H PÔ.
*f^xH O|OkOz Hx =MO :

1) `H~ J=HO : nxx GNP H~^. H~}O Wk ` O=`~ LùH O|OkOz#k H^.
Q=xH : ` H~# GNP HH ~#\H ` H~# J" _~ H = =K u O#
(Hq+<) GNP H=K#.
2) ~H}
kHi rÒ : nxx GNP K~ `~. H~}O Wk Lù H~HO Q KeO K u O H|\.
3) *u Yx[ O^ : nxx GNP K~ `~. H~}O Wk XH O=`~ HOx Yx[ O^ x QO.
4) HH~ H PÔ : g~ =# JOkOK_O ^~ uO O^`<~. JO^=#
*fÔ K~e.
5) Q$} = : gi = ^= ~} u O KeO K_O [~Q^ . Wk =<`H" # =. JO^K
GNP nxx H~ .
6) K@ =u~H ^=O (illegal money) : nxx Q}O K_O H+O . GNP QO H^.
*f^ Q}# ~`Ô J=OaOK û :

=# Ô #=^y# ^Ò H =@ =# U XH û x L yOz O~O Q *f^x

H==.
L^ : == ~OQO P^ û ^~ ^Ò H~}
[~Q^ . JO^=# =#Ô qq^
~OQ qq^ ^` # J=Oa < ~. JO^K =# Ô J#iOK û q= û JO\=.
z~Orq
35
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
û
1) Lù =kO û
Value Added Method
2) P^ =kO û
3) = =kO û
~OQO
1) ^q H ~OQO. (==O, J@g O^, K OHO ,
Q# `=HO)
2) Manufacturing (il~ J~#q)
3) x~} ~OQ= (@}
O`)
1) Manufacturing (il~ Hxq)
2) q^`, Q, h\ ~ ~
3) `$f ~OQO, (~"}, H=xH+#, =~H O , HOQ, c=
` = "^Q#q).
1) x~} ~OQO (Qg} O`)
JO> *fÔ Q}# =# Ô =_ ^`# Ly<~.

C.S.O.
~OQ"s q[# :
CSO
"~ =# PiH ==# OQ HOk qÔ Q ql Ozi. D q[ # i= H#_= .

1) ^q H ~OQ=
Z) ==O ( +} nx QO)
a) J@g O^
) =` O^
=_ JO# H e q J~ O "Agriculture,
forestry and fishing" JO^~.
_) Q# `=HO
D <= (_) JOx =_ (Z,a,) JO He` ^q H
~OQ= =K#. D H~Hh H$ u P^~_ # q.
2) kf ~OQ=
Z) Manufacturing nx 2 JOO\~.
1) il~ (Hs K@O HO^ #"^# q)
2) J< il~ (Hs K@O HO^ #"^ Hxq)
a) q^`, Q, h\ ~ ~
) x~} ~OQ=
=_ (Z,a,) JO# He kf ~OQO JO^~.
^q H ~OQ Q Q# `=Hx f" kf ~OQxH Ki i=
Q=xH :
~OQO =K#

i= ~OQO Q# `=HO { kf ~OQO

PiH ==# ^q H, kf, `$f ~OQQ ql Q# `=HO J<k
^q H ~OQO QO. J\ HH ==, iqH, " ~OQQ
z~Orq
36
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
ql iqH ~OQO Q# `=HO J<k QO.

3) `$f ~OQ=
Z) =~H O , @, ~ ~ O@
a) ~"}, x, =K~O
) < <, OHOQ, c=, i Z\ =i W`~ "~ =
_) =lH, O H =HQ ` =
<Q (Z,a,,_) JO# `$f ~OQ= JO\~.
J~` D q[ # O H~ K# k =`" . ^ =^ , qq^ H XH Ô < =~`
LO_#. #`# == Lù J Hn *f H =~Ò\~.
L^ : Zl Q XH _ kf ~OQO q^`H , Q, h\ ~ ~ QOQ LO_k. Hh ` O
Lù ~OQO QOQ LOk.
~`Ô *f^ =$k x~}O, ^~} :

*f^, ì P^ ~Q^ ^~} :
` O=`~ ^~ *f^x H , *fÔ ~Q^ J<k...
Z) =` u ~Q^ =# Oq OK=K.
a) ^~ ~Q^ =# Oq OK=K.
^~ ~Q^ "x `yOKO^ *f^x ~ ^~ H ~ . ^ ` ^~ `
H "" ^x OÔ^ *f^x _\ K~ . ^~ ~Q^ "x `yOKO^
_\ ~# L y~ .
J~` *fÔ J<k [< "x H OK^ . nxH *f^xH |^ ì PÔ
Q}O Ke. ì PÔ [ r=# =}O# zOK#.
1.
1.*f, ì P^ =$k ~ @ (Growth Rates))
HO
*f^ =$k ~@ ì P^ =$k ~@
195051 #O_ 198081
3.5%
1.4%
198081 #O_ 200001
5.6%
3.2%
200001 #O_ 200405
6.4%
4.7%
200405 #O_ 200809
7.0%
5.7%
"^\ 30 O=`~ HO *f^ ~Q^ ~ @ Q@
# 3.5%Q #"^ J~Ok. ì
P^ ~Q^ ~ @ 1.4%Q #"Ô k. WO` n~ HO =$k ~ @ ` =Q LO_@, =$k ~ @
~Q@ |^ `Q@ =# II ~*H$+Q~ nxx =OQOQ "Mx ''O^ =$k ~@Q
eK~. JO`HH DHO *f^ ~Q^ ~ @H<, ì PÔ ~Q^~ @ ` =Q LOk.
nxH H~}O JkH [< ~Q^ ~ >. `~ "` ~ O_ ^ 1980 #Oz K H^y# qÔ Q =$k
Hx O k. D HO *f^ =$k ~ @ 5.6%Q#, ì P^ =$k ~ @ 3.2%Q #"Ô k.
JO> "^\ 30 O=`~ =$k ~ @ HO> `~ "` 20 O=`~ =$k~ @ "~QQ LOk. JO>
z~Orq
37
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
~` PiH == ~*H$ +Q ~ ~# O^ =$k~ @# JkQq OKQe yOk.

200001 #O_ 200708 =^ *f^ =$k ~ @ 7%# , ì P^ =$k ~ @ 5%#
#"Ô k. Wk K PtOK^Q Ja=$k.
1980 `~"` *f^ =$kH ì P^ =$kH =^ JO`~O `Q_xH H~}O [<
~Q^~@ `Q@.
~`Ô J`kH =$k ~@ OqOz# O=`~ :
GDPFC
NNPFC
197576 ........................9.2%
9.5%
198889 ....................... 10.2%
10.3%
200506 ........................9.5%
9.5
200607 ........................9.6%
9.5
200708 ........................9.3%
9.6
=#Ô J`kH =$k ~ @ Oq Oz# O=`~O 198889 (10.3%)
=#Ô 9, JO`HO > Z= =$k ~ @ #"^# O^~ 5 ~ (200708# HHx)
~ O_= J`kH GDP =$k~ @ #"^# O=`~O 10= }oH z=i O=`~O (200607)
NNPFC
(GDPFC)
J` =$k ~ @ :
195758
-1.8%
1.4
196566
-4.5%
3.4
197273
-0.8%
0.3
197980
-6.0%
4.9
J`kH ~}`H =$k~ @ #"^# O=`~O 197980 (-6.0).
}oH HO O=ìH =$k ~@
} oH
NNPFC PCI (Per Capita Income)
1. 195156
4.4%
2.6%
2. 195661
4.0%
2.0%
3. 196166
2.6%
0.4%
4. 196974
3.1%
0.8%
5. 197479/78
4.9%
2.6%
6. 198085
5.4%
3.1%
7. 198590
5.5%
3.3%
8. 199297
6.7%
4.5%
9. 19972002
5.3%
3.3%
10. 20022007
7.8%
6.1%
11. 20072012
9% H O
(Source : Economic Survey 2010 -11)
z~Orq
38
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY

J## H O HO> K ` = =$k ~ @ kOz# }oH 3= }oH

nxH H~}O 196566 f= H~`, 196667 H~ = Oq OK_O , 1962 K< ^~H=},
1965 H<` Ô "^Q u O @# Oq OK@ =# D }oH ~OQ q "O k.
W\=~ J`kH =$k ~ @ 10= }oH kOzOk.(7.8%)
~ O_= J`kH =$k ~ @ kOz# }oH 8= }oH. (6.7%)
10= OK=~ }oH O=`~ "sQ =$k~

@ (GDPFC)
200203 3.8%
200304 8.5%
200405 7.5%
200506 9.5%
200607 9.6%
10 = }oH Q@

7.8%
11= }oH "^\ ~
O_ O=`~ GDP =$k~ @
2007 08
9.3%
6.8%
2008 09(PE)
2009 10(QE)
8.0%
8.6%
2010 11(AE)
2. *f, ì P^:
~ ^~ (20042005)
` ^~
`
OII
*fÔ
i PÔ *fÔ ì PÔ
NNP (H@ ~II)
(~II)
NNP
PCI (~II)
(1999 2000)
1950 51
2,04,924
5,708
9,152
255
(2004 2005)
2007 08
34,54,264
30,354
40,76,352
35,820
31,801
46,85,873
40,605
2008 09 (P) 36,69,890
33,731
54,39,557
46,492
2009 10 (Q) 39,46,540
~
^~ *fÔ 195051 #O_ 200910 <\H 2 H H@#O_ 39 H H@ iQ#.
J#Q D HO *fÔ 19 ~ @ iyOk.
~
^ ~ ì PÔ W^ HO =~ ~.5,700/ #Oz ~.33,700/ iQ#. JO> ì
PÔ 5.9 ~ @ iQ#.
*fÔ HO> ì PÔ ` =Q ~Q_
xH H~}O [< ~Q^ ~ @ Z=Q LO_@.
200910 (Q) O. ì PÔ ~.33,700/ iQ#.
`
^~ *fÔ W^HO 9,000 H@#Oz, 54 H H@ iQ#. JO> 594 ~ @ iQ#.
` ^~ ì PÔ D HO ~II 255/ #Oz ~II 46,400/ iQ#. JO> 180 ~ @
iQ#.
~
^~ HO>, ` ^~ *f, ì P^ Z=Q ~Q_ xH H~}O Ô ^~ ~Q^
JkHO Q LO_@.
200910 (Q) O=`~O `
^~ ^ ì PÔ ~II 46,400/.
FC
z~Orq
FC
39
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
*fÔ qq^ ~OQ "\ :

1. ==O J#|O^ ~OQ
2. "x OQ =#HiOQ(i= ~OQO)
Z) "x OQ Hs~OQ
a) =#HiOQ
) h\ ~ ~ , q^`, Q
_) x~} ~OQO
3) = ~OQO
Z) ~"}, H=xH+# =~H O
a) OHOQ, < < i Z\
) =lH =HQ ` =
Z) = ~OQ= 1 { 2
a) " ~OQ=
"Ò
~OQO
^q H ~OQO
kf ~OQO
`$f ~OQO
195051
55.4%
15.0%
1.4%
8.9%
0.3%
4.4%
29.6%
11.3%
7.7%
10.6%
70.4%
29.6%
100%
200809
16.9%
25.8%
2.0%
14.5%
2.0%
7.3%
57.3%
28.6%
14.8%
13.9%
42.7%
57.3%
100%
195051
56.8
13.6
29.6
200910 (Q)
16.9
25.8
57.3
200910 (Q)
14.6
28.09
2.33
26.55
17.17
13.56
42.7
57.3
^ # ~OQ "sQ K ^q H ~OQO "\ 195051 56.8 % #Oz ("x OQ Hs~OQ He)
200910 <\H 16.9%H `yO k.
` O ^q H ~OQO "\ ~OO #Oz `Q ` LO__O ` kf, `$f ~OQ HO> _
` =Q LOk.
kf ~OQO "\# ije 195051 13.6%Q L# QO ("x OQ Hs~OQ q#~Oz)
200910 <\H 25.8%H iyOk. W_ *fÔ nx "\ `$f ~OQO HO> ` =Q#,
^q H ~OQO HO> Z=Q# #"^ K O@Ok.
`$f ~OQO "\ 195051 29.6% #Oz 200910 <\H 57.3% iyOk. ` O *fÔ
J`kH "\# JOkOKk `$f ~OQ" .
z~Orq
40
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
L~OQ "sQ ije...

^q H ~OQO :
Z) ^q H ~OQO ^ "\^~ ==".
==O "\ 50% #Oz 200910H 15%H `yO k.
a) K OHO #Oz =K "\ 0.8% KiOk.
) J@g O^# ije ~OO 6.7% LO_k. ` O 1.5% H `y ~Ok.
_) Q# `=Hx ije 1.4% #Oz 2.33%H HkQ =`" iyOk.
kf ~OQO :
Z) kf ~OQO ^ # "\^~ =#HiOQ. nx Z) il~ , a) J<il~ J# ~ O_ L Q
H=. J< il~ qQO HO> il~ qQO Z= "\ Hey LO_@ HH, Z= =$k ~ @ #"Ô k.
a) x~} ~OQO "\ _ ~Q` =zOk. =#HiOQ `~ "` ~ O_= #O LOk.
`$f ~OQO :
Z) =~H O ~"}, H=xH+#, ije 200910 <\H J`kH "\#OkOKk D qQ" (26.55%).
a) OHOQ, < <, i Z\ "\ ~Q` =zOk.
) ` #, q^, P~QO, @O| OH = O ~Q@ =# =lH = "\ _ ~Q`
=zOk.
=#Ô *fÔ =z# D == ~H =~ H~}O }oH =# [iy# H$+ .
199091 `~` ~"}, =K~= =$k~ @ K "QO Q LOk.

PiHa=$k H == ~H =~ ~=_O [O Hx D =~ K <=kQ Oq < ~.
nxH H~}O =#HiOQ ~OQO <=kQ =$k KO^_" .
Q=xH : =#Ô iqHH~ }

^ K~ O_ iqHH~ }
`~ "` ^ J~# "~OQO# ^\
" |_#. nx=# èO^q@O> =# Ô iqHH~ }
K\ =#HiOQ ~OQx |Ò
K = LOk. J Jx ==~OQx x~H O K ~^. == P^~ i=# O Ke.
i= _ ==xH H=# L`^H#
K e. J_ Ja=$k KO^`# ~`^ O
Ja=$k KOk# Ô Q =~ KO^Q ^.
z~Orq
41
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
4. *fÔ `~OQO "\ :

l._.. ` ~OQO "\

195051
7.6 %
199394
25.9%
200809
20.8 %
}oH ~OaOz#\#Oz `~OQO ~A~AH qi =zOk.

1955 Q~ Hq\ ~ WOi OH P WO_ # SBI Q *fO Ki .
1969 14 "}[ O
1980 06 "}[ O
1956 ZS (LIC)
1972 lS (GIC)# *fH~}
QqOzi.
1956 STC (State Trading Corporation) U~@.
2= }oH ~~ (t= [~h), a (~), ^~ ~ (WOQO_), 3= }oH H~ (~)
L H~Q~# `~OQO O K#.
qq^ ~OQ `~OQO qi ~=_O= 195051 GDP 7.6% He# `~OQO "\
199394 <\H 26%H iyOk.
ÒÒ =z# `~ "` Q, "x OQ, HOh *f~H~}

, O *f~H~}
, W#~<
O , q^` O , W#=L H~Q~O O\ ^ O # `= K@
_ O =# 199394 =~
` ~OQO "\ qi =zOk. 1991 `~ "` #`# PiH O~} " @@ =# # =K
O #Oz Ò `# @|_# LO iOK_O =# *fÔ ` ~OQO "\ 199394
`~` `Q ` =z 200809 <\H 21% H `yO k.
5. Qg}, @} ~OQ "\ : xH~ ^j Lù

~OQO
Qg} OÒ
@}
OÒ

197071
62.4
37.6
19992000
48.3
51.7
xH~ ^j Lù Qg} ~OQO "\ H=OQ `Q ` 19992000 <\H 48%H `yO k.
xH~ ^j Lù @}
OÒ #Oz =K "\ 197071 #Oz 19992000 =^ 37.6% #Oz
~OQO #O_ =QK#k.
51.7% iyOk. JO> xH~ ^j Lù QO HO> Z= "\ @}
xH~ ^j Lù @}
~OQO "\ ~Q_ O =#O H~^y # i}=" J~#\H Qg} ~OQO
#Oz =K "\ <\H 48% LO__O Qg} PkH `# è* #.
ì PÔ Qg}, @} O` uQ` :

~OQO
Qg} OÒ
@}
OÒ
"Ò (~`^ O )
z~Orq
197071
529
1294
680
199394
5783
13525
7834
42
19992000
10683
30183
16040
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
Qg}, @}
ì P^ =` x+u : 197071 199394
19992000
2.45
2.34
2.82
Qg}, @} O` =^ ì P^ =` x+ux ije 197071 D =Ò 2.45%Q
LO_k. `~ "` 2.34%H `yO k. #`# PiH O~} " \# `~ "` D =Ò 2.82%H
iyOk. Wk i}=O H^.
6. *fÔ ==H$`, J==H$` ~OQ "\ :

CSO
H~= XH ~OQO# ==H $ ` ~OQOQ "O>

Z) Jk U K@O HO^<< #"^ LO_e.
a) P O u O=`~O P, P \x ` ~ K LO_e.
~OQO
198081
200708
J==H $ ` ~OQO
70%
57%
==H$` ~OQO
30%
43%
*fÔ J==H $ ` ~OQO "\ `Q ` =z, 200405 <\H 58% H KiOk. J~#\H QO HO>
Z= "\ nx#OK =O k.
*fÔ ==H $ ` ~OQO #Oz =K "\ ~Q` LOk. Wk PtOK^Q ^ Hh W\H

J==H $ ` ~OQO #Oz =K "\ Z=Q (57%) LOk. Wk "#H@`<x zOK#.
~OQ"sQ K. ..
Z) ==O, J_=, K OH ~OQ J==H $ ` ~OQO "\ 95% #Oz 94%H `yO k.
a) "x OQ, =#HiOQ ~OQ# ije ==H $ ` ~OQO "\ 57% #Oz 63% iyOk.
) "~OQO# ije 40% #Oz 62% ==H $ `~O QO "\ iyOk.
Qg} ^jù (Rural GDP) :
OII
197071
200708

==O
73.8
42.0
i=
11.3
29.6
=
14.9
28.4
~*+ H =i H .Z.kv Qg} GDP =z# x~}`H =~# J^ #O Ki .

1970 ^H O =$k~ @ (2.3%) HO> 2000 `~ "` =$k~ @ (5%) iyOk.
197071 Qg} GDP ==O "\ 74% HQ qye# i=, = "\ 26%Q LOk.
==O "\ x~O`~O `Q ` , 200708 <\H 42% `yO k. =~" i=, = "\ 58%H
iyOk.
JO> Qg} GDP x~}`H =~ K@ K O@#q. ==O "\ `Q ` , ==`~
~OQ "\ ~QK#k.
Qg} GDP J`kH "\#OkOKk ==O HQ, ~ O_= #O i=, 3= #O =H=.
^ GDP "^\ #O =, ~ O_=#O i=, z=i#O ==O O^#.
z~Orq
43
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
~`Ô *f^ JOK< :

*f^ JOK< u O=`~O Lù J=K# = = Qi è*~. *fÔ
~Q^ ^ #uH zH. ì PÔx ~Q^ [ r=# =} ~x è* O k.
qq^ ~OQ Lù H_ "~ ~Q `H=_xH gO@Ok. *f^ H Lù ^<
=^ PÔ U qÔ Q O} J~#k è* #. "Ò PÔ "`< Ò ZO`?
"\ ZO`? `#. Ô [iQ @|_, ^ qxQxH O|OkOz# q=~ O_ }oH
` ~K _O J^ O. JO> `# PiH q^< ~OkOKH=_xH *f^ H `__`~.
Ò`xH ~O ~`^ O *f^ H :
a\+ # *f^x JOK< " _xH `~O Q ^Q H$+ [~Q ^ . HO`=Ok

PiH" ` =HQ ` ^ *f^x JOK< "i .
=#Ô "@" ^\ iQ ^^~ <~l *fÔ, ì PÔ JOK<# 186768

O=`~xH O|OkOz Q}O K_O [iyOk. J\ ì PÔ 20 ~, *fÔ
~.340 H@ [< 17 H@. ~` îH =# `# "Poverty and unBritish Rule in India" J<
QOÔ è<~.
1875 J\<< a\+ WO_ Q=~"O\ xK~. 20 O=`~ ==k ì PÔ H Oz

31% iyO^<# .
1882 iOQ _q_ JOK< K~.
189899 qe" _w JOK< H~O *fÔ ~.428 H@., ì PÔ ~.19.

W`# = ~OQx iQ}xH fH^ . JO^K <~r JOK<H< ` =Q =zOk.
1901 ~ H~< , 1903 P~.y<, 1911 P~.~, 191114 =H =~O[<, 191314

"_ *+, 191920 e< , 1921 a.Z.~ "^Q"~ *fÔ# JOK< "i .
192122 H .\. =i HO|\ "Wealth and Taxable capacity of India" J< QOÔ *fÔ
~.2,364 H@, ì PÔ 74 ~Q JOK< "i .
193140 P~..^ `# "Consumer expenditure in India 1931-32 to 1940-41" J< i^#

Ô x @O K =x P^~OQ K x *fÔ# H OK#.
J~` g~O^~ =HQÒQ HOK@ =# `= O`xH iqÒ JQ@ =# gi H
` ^ . J~#\H _II q.H.P~.q.~=Qi *f^ JOK< Z=

`` _#qQ
K=K.
+~ 1911, 1922, 1931 OIIQ# *fÔ# JOK< "#.
z~Orq
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Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
PK~ q.H.P~.q. ~= JOK< :

Ò`xH ~O ~` *f^x XH H= û JOK< "# #` q.H.P~.q.~=QiH

^ Òk.
192529 "An essay on India's National Income" J< "O *fÔ Qi è*#.
193132 ''a\+ WO_
*fÔ J< H O ,
q.H.P~.q.~=Qi 193132 O=`~O# O|OkOz *fÔ 1689 H@Q#, ì PÔ
62 ~Q# JOK< "#.
q.H.P~.q.~= PiH ==#
1) == ~OQO (==O, J@gO^, Q#, +}, K
OHO "^Q#q), 2) H~~+< ~OQO J# ~ O_ QQ ql OK#. (i=, x~}O,
"~O, ~"}, aH s "II#q H~~+< ~OQO HO^ =~).
==~OQO Lù =kO û
x, H~~+< ~OQO P^ =kO û x *fÔ
JOK< " @ L yOK#. D ~ O_ ~OQ q^j xH~ H~H PÔ He` *fÔ
=K#. q.H.P~.q.~=Q~ L yOz# û x <\H _ ~`^ O J#i< ~.
Q=xH : ~=Q~ *f, ì P^ <=kQ ~QÒ^x ~O>, ^ Wq ~Q_ O ^x
~<#. ~= H =O a\+ WO_ Q} , ^ a\+ WO_ , Native India He Q}O K#.
*.P~.H, =Ys, Z.H.Q :

g~ 18601945 =^ =# Ô x ì P^ =$k ~ @# Q}O K#. a\+ # n~H OQ
0.5% ì P^ =$k LO^x ~<#. JO> PiH == | ` LO^x ~xi. "The frame work
of the Indian Economy" J< QOÔ
D Q}OH# èi.
Ò`= `~"` *fÔ JOK< :

*f^ JOK< =Y`# QiOz ~` Ò 1949 ..= <a J^ H` # _.P~.Q_ ,

q.H.P~.q.~=# Q *f^ JOK< Hq\x xqOK#. nx< High Powered Expert
Committee JO\~. <\H JO`~f Mu<Ok# =
< *<\ , <, _~ < D Hq\ OkOk.
"^\ iQ Ô "`xH O|OkOz# H # K@
@ =# *f^ Ki` nxx Land Mark
Q ~ .
1951 ^= x"kH#, 1954 `k x"kH# JOkOzOk. "^\ x"kH 194849 ^~
ì PÔ ~.225, *fÔ ~.8710 H@.
nx =MO :
Z) *fÔ QO PÔ ==~OQO #OK =O k.
a) "x OQ, Lù, Ku=$` (i= ~OQO "\) 1/6Q LOk.
) "}[O, ~"}, H=xH+# "\ 1/6Q LOk.
_) NDP `~OQ "\ 7.6%Q LOk.
z~Orq
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Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
C.S.O.
JOK< (HO^ Q}OH O) :
Central Statistical Organisation # Ò 1951 O zOk. nx ^ # H~O #_b

Q^.
J\=~ L# *f^ JOK< qQO# 1954 CSO H JyOK#. CSO *f^x

` ^~ #, P^~ O=`~ ^~ # H O k. =#Ô <\= ~ f# P^~ O=`~
194849, 196061, 197071, 198081, 199394, 19992000, 200405
2009 #Oz 20042005# P^~ O=`~OQ f<~.
2000OII .~OQ~[< J^ H` # *f Q}OH Hg+<# xqOK#. (National Statistical Com

mission). ~RQ}OH q=~ H~}
XH U*hH =~H U*hH `_<x, "\x ik^_ O
^$+x H OnHiOKx nxx xqOzOk.
Ò NSSO # CSO # qo`= K NSO (National Statistical Organisation) # 2006

U~@ KO^ ` K#. nxH =Y Q}O_Q ~ + >O_~# xqOK~.J~`
Wk WOH PK~}
H ~^ .
` O *f^ H C.S.O. ~`< K iÒ J=`<~.
1950 NSS U~_Q, 1970 Jk NSSO Q =iOk.

200910 (Q)
201011 (AE)
GDPFC
(` ^~) (H@)
65,50,271
78,77,947
GDPFC
(~ ^~) (H@)
44,93,743
48,79,232
ìPÔ ( ` ^~ ) (~)
46,492
54,527
ìPÔ (~ ^~ ) (~)
33,731
36,003
1. ~`^ O "@" ^\ i *fÔ, ì PÔ# JOK< "# "^\ =H ^^~

<~l (1876) (186768 OII# Q#)
2. Ò`xH ~O èiQ |ÔQ *f^x JOK<"#"~ PK~
q.H.P~.q.~=
3. ~`^ O "@" ^\ iQ JkHiHOQ *fÔ# JOK< " @ 1949 U~@
K# *f^ Hq\H J^ _ ~ ..=<a. D Hq\ *f^ Q}#
JO`~f MuQOz# = < *<\ , *P~Z< < =i *.a._. _~ < # O^~.
4. O H Q}# "@" ^\ iQ 1940 q_, < J< PiH" ` " \~ .
z~Orq
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Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
*f^ Q}# Z^~ =:

*f^ Q}# Z^~ =# OQ ~ O_ ~HQ ql OK=K.
1) =<`H = 2) PK~}
`H =
1) =<`H =:
Z) =: *f^ Q}# =# H OK? q#~OK? J<k =. =i < PiH" `
(Marxian Economists) =# q#~OKe Jx qOKQ, qye# "~ K~x qOzi. +e ^ g\x
q#~OKQ, H @e ^ (WO_ ` He) g\x K~ < ~.
a) Q$}=: K~H = ^=~O KeO O_=. Q$} = (L^: =O@K @, O~H}
),
`@x, ~ KC @ "II "x Love, affection He LO_@K, "xH ^=~O Q}O K@ H+O . W"
= |@ "iH K (L^: Maid Servant, gardener, tutor) Lù J^ J~#\H *fÔ ~Q#.
~` Ô O\ Ja=$k ^ WO\ = Z= H|\ *fÔ ` =Q (Under estimate) JOK<
" |_Òk.
" =# Q q=iOK@K nxx Q " s Ò (Pigou paradox) JO^~.
) =^ O`~ == QiO =:
*f^ Q}# JOu= == fO\~Qx, =^ O`~ == # fH~. J~` gx=^
Yz`" # `_# QiOKO . K == "\ qxQO|\ =~Ò\~. Hs "_H O_ (Flour) =^ O`~
== HQ, Q$}H JOu= == . Office # K~ H=_xH J ~"}=O =^ O`~ =OHQ, @O|O
Holiday Trip H ~"} =O JOu= ==Q#.
_) ` i#
: Ò JOkOK =, < =O ZO`"~ *fùH
^^_ < YzÒQ K O. L^: Ou ^` , ~ K =O.
W) P^~ O=`~O x Lù
: P^~ O=`~O O_, `~ "` HO #`# == Lù
[iy`, "\x ~ ^~ H OK@_ = Z^~Q #.
Z) W<O@s =~# q=H@@ : W<O@s =~# q= H>@_ Original Cost P^~OQ
Q}O K? ^ ` ^~ Q}O K? J<k =~ =.
l) `~ Q^ JOK<
: `~ Q^ q=# OÒ H Original cost JOK< " ?
^ Replacement cost P^~OQ Q}O K? J<k =~ =.
K) ^=^ ieH =
: "~ "~ H#Q HQ H~hQ ^ =^ *f, ì
P^, r=# =} i@ J~~ `=x HOî PiH" `
JaO.
2. PK~}
`H =:
Z) ^" `~ ~OQO
z~Orq
~`^ O O\ "#H|_# ^ J==H $ `, ^" `~ ~OQO Z=.

^=O L yOK O_ = = ~~ û ^~ qx=O J
~OQx ^" `~ ~OQO JO^~. ==~OQO K Lù ^=
=~\H ~O_, O` qxQO, == i_ ^~ qx=OH
Òk. e ÒQ *f^ H JOK< < (guess - work)
[~Q`#q.
47
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
a) =$u ` HH~ }
H =@
) z# Lù^~
_) ^ O , Lù^~
W) x"kOK|_x K@ =u~H ^=O
:
:
Z) qOK^Q Q}OH O HH=@ :
~` O\ Ja=$k KO^`# ^ =$u ` HH~ }

H =@K
O=`~ HO XH^xHO> Z= H~H #\H, U^
XH H~HO =K P^" H H =O k.
JHO@ ^#`# QiOKH JHO@ x~OKH =@K i #
=K~O W=H `<~.
# ~O#Oz ` OKH<O^ `C _ H K`<~.
P^ O^ # ZQ"` H i # P^, O^ =K~x
W=^ . Wk Black Money H îfO k. K@| ^, K@= u~H
^"O__x Parallel (or) Hidden Economy JO^~. nx=
*fÔ Under estimation [~Q`#k.
~` O\ Ja=$k KO^`# ^ ^ # = qh"#
Q}O H =@. tH} Ok# Q} H~`= i # =K~O
~H=@, == L L`` # ~Q, O_, \O|~ "II
"xH O|OkOz i # =K~O ~H=@ H#|_`#k.
*f^ JOK< ^#`:

1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)
PiH ~Qa=$kH pQ xK #.
qq^ ^ *f, ì P^ ieH L Q_ #.
PiH == =K == ~H =~ J~O K <O^ L Q_ #.
qq^~ O Q#O_ =K H "\# `H=K.
PiH == Q qq^ =~ [ P^ =` `H=K.
}oH ~K# *fÔ H ^^_ ` ~.
XH^ O < "~ ~ H PiH == ~a=$kx i=K.
~ Lù O` Ô qq^ O` =^ Of =` Q OK=K.
ì P^x Q}O z, [ r=# =}x JOK< " =K.
GNP q O^ "\ P^~OQ Trade Union, Labour organisations `= q^< ~OkOK
H=K.
11) *f^ H "~O `= Lù, =~\OQ = ~OkOKO^ ^^_ ` ~.
12) PiH =$kx Q}O KO^ *f^ H ^^_ ` ~.
XH =@ KO> PiH =$kx Q}O KO^, PiH q^< ~OkOKO^ Wq ^^_ ` ~.
PiH == Wq uaO|O =O\q.
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Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
3. P^ KH "O
(Circular Flow of Income)

*f^=<k "=# (Flow concept). H|\ x~O`~O XH ~OQO#Oz =~H ~OQxH =O k.

Lù H~H O` = = Lù H|_#. D Lù q= ^xH ^^_ # LùH~H
P^ ~O K~ #. D PÔ uiy = = Y~@|_#. JO> Lù P^x W=Q
PÔ =xH ^^_ #
=O uiy Lù, P^xH ^^_ #.
JO> PiH == = =, LùH~H = x~O`~O Lù^~, Q$~OQO =^ qx=O [~Q#.
PiH == qq^ ~OQ =^ = = =i Lù H~H = KeO =i ~|_ ~O
=OK@ P^ KH "O.
P^ KH "O#, ~ O_ ~HQ ql OK=K.
A) Real Flow
B) Money Flow.
A) Real Flow ("=
"O): LùH~H [=# (@O|~OQO) #O_ H~H = Lù^~ (O ),

=~. P Lù H~H# LyOz `~K# == Lù^~#Oz, H<"iH (Q$/@O|
~OQO) K~ #. JO> H~H =, = = qq^ ~OQ =^ =OK@ "= "O.
B) Money Flow (^= "O): P^ xH PiH ==
Jh ==~ ^=O`< x~OK|_`~. @O|~OQO
O Lù H~H = JOkOz#_ O H~H KeO K~. Wk @O H~H PÔ
K#
JQ#. O Lù K# = = @O H#Q
_ =O [~Q#. JO> O PÔ
=K#. H~H = ^= PÔ~Q, Jk = = =O K @^~ qq^ ~OQ =^ ^="O
[~Q#.
x*xH Real Flow, Money Flow J<q XH <}O# ~ O_ " =O\q. = = "= "O J<k,
^x =u~H kQ ^= "xH =#O (Real Flow of goods and services is matched by an equal but
~OQO 100 H@ == # Q$~OQxH, Q$~OQO ^x 100 H@ =O
reverse money flow). L^: O
K #.
JO> H#Q^~x =O J=HO^~x P^=Q#.
P^ KH "O# q=iOKO^ PiH ==#
4 ~HQ ql OK=K.
1) Q$/ @O| ~OQO (House hold sector)
2) O / "~ ~OQO (Firms/ Business sector)
3) `~OQO (Government sector)
4) q^j~OQO (Foreign sector/ Rest of - the - world)
1) Q$~OQO: LùH~H ( q, =, =^# O, ==# ) [=x ^ #OQ Q$~OQ" . Wk H~H =#
O Jq, |^Q P^x O^#. D P^= Z= Q= O JOkOz# = = =O
K #. PÔ HO` QO ^K, HO` `xH #Q KeO K#.
2) "~/ O ~OQO: O @O|~OQO#Oz H~H =# J^ fHx, "x O` = = LùK
"\x Q$~OQxH, W`~ O , `xH, W`~ ^ qH~OK#. O =YOQ Lù H~H =
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Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
H#Q^~ =i = = Lù^~. "~~O QO " @

O , ` O He LO\~.
3) `~OQO: `~OQ=#Q ^~} Ò ( ` O # q#~OKe). Ò @O|~OQO,
O ~OQO ` H. ~H # qkOK@ ^~ PÔ O^#. = =# O #Oz, LùH~H =#
@O|~OQO #Oz Hx =O K #. D = =#, H~H =# [ =H [<H (L^:
Police, Education, law and order, Medical facilities etc.) L
yOK#.
4) q^j ~OQO: XH Ô W`~ ^ = =# ZQ=u K #. J> kQ=u _ K H##. J> H~H =
_ ^ i=^ ^\ |@ " # .
P^ KH " q=~}H 4 ~OQ# Three models Q ql
OK=K.
1) Two - sector Model : Q$~OQO, "~~O QO He LO_#.
2) Three - sector Model : Q$~OQO, "~OQO, `~OQO He LO_#. nxx Closed Economy
JO^~.
3) Four - Sector Model : Q$ { O { ` { q^j "~ ~OQO_#. nxx Open Economy
Model JO^~.
1) ~ O_ ~OQ #=< (Two - Sector Model):
nx ~ O_ L #=<<~.
a) Two - Sector Model without saving:
b) Two - sector Model with saving and investment:
A) Two - sector Model without saving : nxx
O~ = PiH == JO^~. `~OQO, Rest of the World

=x, H =O Q$~OQO, O ~OQ" L#=x " O K e. Lù H~H [=x J~# Q$~OQO `# H~H
=# O qH~Oz @HO, "`< , =_, ~O PÔ O^#. O D Lù H~H
O` = =# LùK "\x @O qH~OK#. @O QÒ Ok# H~H P^x D
= = =O K #. @O K# D =" O PÔ.
"= "O: Q$~OQO #Oz Lù H~H = O , O ~OQO #Oz = = Q$~OQxH =OK#.
( q
nx< "= "O JO^~.
, =
, =
O
^# O
"
, ==
H
#
@
~
H
O
e
)
,"` #
u
K
H
`
~
O
H
,
u
=
_
,
L`
)
Q$~OQO
O ~OQO
= = KeO
= = "O
z~Orq
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Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
@O, O ~ O_ =~\ JO`~ O|O^x He LO\~. a) Factor Market, b) Product Market H~H
=~\ LùH~H H qH [~Q#. nxx Upper Outer circle zOK#. = =~\ = =
H qH [~Q#. nxx Lower outer Circle zOK#.
^= "O: @O JOkOz# H~H = O u (@HO, "`# O, =_, ) KeO K#. JO>
PÔ O #Oz @O =OK#. J> @O O OkOz# = = =O K #. JO>
PÔ @O#Oz O =OK#. nx< ^= "O JO^~. Inner Circle ^= "x zOK#.

O `= PÔ "`x H~H = =O K x, @O `= PÔ "`x = =
=O K x, " O K _O [iyOk. JO> O Qx, @OQx ZO\ ^ K =.
H|\ O =O @O| PÔ HQ, @O| =O O P^=Q#.

D #=<#Oz HOk JO Q OK=K.
1) O K Lù H~H KeO
Q$~OQxH =K H~H PÔ

2) Q$~OQO H = = =O O PÔ
3) "Ò qxQO
O = = Lù
4) "= "O
^= "O
B) Two - Sector Model with savings and Investment: nxx q` = PiH == JO^~.
x*xH @O `= =z# P^=O` =O K =. PÔ =O K x Q" ^.
(A part of the Income which is not spent by house holds is called saving). TOKx J=~, =$^ O
^`H @O ^ K #. O _ P^#O` H~H = =O K =. `~ Q^
x^ Q#, Oz@|_x ~O HO` ^ K~.
Leakages: O
#Oz @O Ok# P^=O` qxQO K H, HO` ^K O "
PÔ `Q # . JO> @O| ~OQO#Oz, O ~OQxH PÔ =OK@_ ^ J<k =x `yO K@
^~, P^ "x `yO K#. JO^K ^# Leakage (withdrawal) in circular Flow of Income JO^~.
=^# =~\ (q` O ): Q$~OQO, O ~OQO K# ^ O, c= O , Mutual
O K~ #. nxx = ^# =~\ JO^~. Wk ^ K# "ix, @|_ >" ix,
Funds O\ q`
JK"iH, JC fH<"iH =^ =i` O =OK#. JO> q` O Ki# ^ uiy ~}Q O
HiOz, "\x @|_Q _`~.
Injection: O
~}Q f# "`x uiy @|_Q @#. @|_ _ =" H|\, @|_
P^ =x OK#. JO^K @|_x Injection into the circular Flow of Income JO^~.
P^ KH " =Ò: P^ KH "O =Ò LO_O> @O, O K ^
(Leakages), O
K @|_H (Injection) =#OQ LO_e.
^ P^ "x `yO
K#. @|_ P^ "x OK#. ^, @|_ =#"# _
(S = I), ^ H OHK e
Ò (Contractionary effect), @|_ H q~ }
e Ò (Expansionary
effect) =#" P^~ =#OQ LO_#.
Equilibrium Condition of Circular Flow of income is S = I
^ @|_x JkQq
(S > I), P^ "O `Q # .
@|_, ^x JkQq
(I > S), P^ "O ~Q#.
z~Orq
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Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
LùH~H
= "
O
LùH~H Ke O
Q$~OQO
=^# =~\
O ~OQO
= = =O
= = "O
2. =_ ~OQ #=< (Three - Sector Model):
~ O_ ~OQ PiH == ` ~OQx Ki =_ ~OQ PiH == =O k. nxx i< PiH
== JO^~.
#: |Ò @O| ~OQO, O ~OQO # qkOK@ ^~ PÔ O^#. # KeO K@=
@O, O K =O `Q # . e ÒQ P^ "O `Q # . JO^K ## Leakage into the
Circular Flow of Income JO^~.
`=O: # ^~ =z# P^x @O|, O ~OQO Ò =O K #. (a) @O
JOkOK Lù H~H = "`< , r` ~O =O K #. =i @O |kb KeO ~O
(L^: =$^ OK#, x~^Q$ u, ~+ ) =O K #. (b) O LùK = = =O
K @^~ =i O a_ WK@ ^~ =O K #.
|kb KeO
` Ò#Oz @O, O ^="O LO@Ok Hx, "\#Oz `xH
ZO\ "= "O LO_^ .
` =O= P^ "O ~Q#. JO^K ` =x Injection in the circular Flow of
Income JO^~.
Ò `# =z# P^#O` (#), uiy =O, |kb KeO
~O =O K P^
"O =Ò LO_#.
=_ ~OQ #=< Taxes = Government Expenditure J~#_ P^ "O =Ò LO_#.
T=G
z~Orq
52
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
Ke
O

a
_
=
=
H
#Q
~
}
( I)
O
Ke
H~H
|k
b
O ~OQO
@O| ~OQO
L` u H~H = Ke O

=^# =~\
~ } S
(I)
O
=
=

=
` ~OQO
3) <Q ~OQ #=< (Four Sector Model):

WO`=~ q^j "~O x =_ ~OQ Qi KiO_" O k. nxx Closed Economy JO^~. A Closed
xH uÔ q^j "~O
Economy is an Economy which does not engage in International Trade. Hx ""
=Y ` +OK#. Q$ { O { `~OQxH q^j "~O (Rest of the World) Ki, Jk Open
q^j "~O x PiH ==# Autarky Jx _ JO^~.
Economy Q =|_#.
q^j "~O ~
O_ ==~O\~. (a) = = ZQ=`, (b) = = kQ=`.
==
ZQ=`=, q^#Oz ZQ=u PÔ =K#. nx= Ô P^ "O ~Q#.
JO^K ZQ=` Injection into the circular Flow of Income Q =|_#.
==
kQ=`= Ô [iQ =O q^ =#. JO> PÔ q^ =@K P^
"O `Q # . JO^K kQ=` Leakage into the circular Flow of Income Q =|_#.
Ô
#Oz |@k (Out Flow), Ô H =Kk (In Flow), =#OQ L#_ P^ "O
=Ò LO_#. JO> kQ=` q= ZQ=` q= (M = X) =#OQ LO_e.
(a) Q$~OQO q^#Oz ==
kQ=u K Hx "iH KeO K Q, LùH~H = JOkOK@^~
Foreign remittance O^#.
(b) O
== #, =# (Shipping, Insurance, Banking etc.) ZQ=uK PÔ O^Q, = =#
kQ=u K Hx "\ q^ =O K #.
(c) Ò _ = =# ZQ=u, kQ=u K H##. D =_ ~OQ q^ #Oz O^ P^
In Flow HQ, q^ KeO
K KeO Out Flow JQ#.
z~Orq
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Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY

Leakages have a contractionary effect on National Income

Injections have an Expansionary pressure on National Income
~OQO
Two-Sector Economy
Three Sector Economy
Four-Sector Economy
Leakages
Saving (S)
Saving (S) + Taxes (T)
Saving (S) +
Taxes (T) +
Imports (M)
Injections
Equilibrium
Investment (I)
Investment (I) + Government
Expenditure (G)
Investment (I) +
Government Expenditure (G) +
Exports
S=I
S+T=I+G
S+T+M=I+G+X
^#`: (a) PiH == qq^ ~OQ UqÔ Q JO`~ O |OÔ (Inter - related) He L#q, ~ ~O UqÔ Q
P^~_ # q (Inter - dependent) nx^~ Q OK=K.
(b) nx ^~ P^ i=}O (Size of Income) x~~
OK=K.
(c)
PiH =`xH J=~" # +~` Q OK=K. L^: ~ O_ ~OQ #=< ^, @|_
=#"` PÔ =Ò LO_#.
z~Orq
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Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
4. =#"a=$k p
P.Q.L.I. H\
O z#
10 O=`~ `~ "` SH~[ quH KOk# UNDP "~ 1990 #Oz HDI #
~OkOz, O K ^ =#"a=$kx, ~# è x"kH# u O=`~O q_^ K < ~.
^xH x["#
O^ P Ô x [. [ K# , ZOH # q $`~ K _ " PiHa=$k =Y
H O. =#"a=$kx OH O Q HeK ^# " D zH.
''[ ZOH
# q $Ò K _O`@ * # OOkOK H=x =#"a=$k Jx ''=|
L H x~zOK#.
1990 #Oz HDR # UNDP "~ K i< ~. "^@ HDR UNDP "~ HDI x K iOzi.
Wk Mahbub-Ul-Haq P^ ~O ~OkOK|_#. D û `~ "` qi OK|_@"HH, Refined K |_`
=zOk. `~ "` HO =#"a=$kH KOk# W`~ p Ja=$k K =K~. ` O UNDP `#
HDR 6 p K iO
k.
1. HDI 1990 - Human Development Index. (=#"a=$k p)
2. GDI 1995 - Gender Related Development Index. (eOQ O|Ok` Ja=$k p)
3. GEM 1995 - Gender Empowerment Measure (eOQ kH~` H=#O)
4. HPI-I 1997 - Human Poverty Index - I (=#= îH pI)
5. HPI-II 1998 - Human Poverty Index - II (=#=
îH pII)
6. TAI 2001 - Technology Achievement Index. (OHuH ^<
p)
HDI ;
1990 nxx ~OkOK#.

HDI ~H
# =|LH, iK~ *b, Q"~ h+, " <^ ^, OH = PiH" ` J=~ <
H$+ LOk.
J~#\H 'HDI ~teQ =|LHx ~O\~.
f< JO :
Wk 3 JO kOz# Q@
e `# `#.
Z) n~H P~Q=O`" # r=#O : nxx P~ O ` Q} ~ .
HDI
Longevity of life
measured by life expectancy at birth.
a) q*#O (Knowledge) : nxx JH~ `` Q} ~

=[# JH~ ` (2/3 =O` ~O)
^q H, kf, `$f q^ L=_ #"^ x+u (1/3 =O`)
) "~Q # r=# =}O (Standard of living) :
nxx "= ì l._. ^~ H~ . (US $PPP ^~ Purchasing Power Parity)
P~ O, JH~ ` ì l._. =#~O W=|_#.
z~Orq
55
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
P~ O, q^, r=# =}xH =#~O W=|_#.

A) Life Expectancy Index (LEI) P~ O
B) Educational Attainment Index (EAI) q^ ^#
zH
C) Standard of Living Index (SLI) r=# =} zH
nxx PQLI x Q}O z# û Q} ~ . HDI = (LEI + EAI + SLI)
HDI x Q } O K @ H x + , Q i + q= :
Previous method
Dimensions
1. P~QO
2. q*#O
3. r=# =}O
Indicators
Min.
2010 Method
Max.
Indicators
P~ O (at birth) 25
=[# JH~ ` ~ @ 0%
L=_ #"^ x+u 0%
GDP Percapita (PPP US $) 100
85
P~ O (at birth)
100% a)Expected years of schooling
100% b) Mean years of schooling
40,000 GNI Percapita (PPP US $)
JOH=^ =O
Q}=^ =O
Q@

Min.
Max.
20 83.2
0
20.6
0
13.2
163 108211
"= q= Hx+ q=
1
Qi+ q=
Hx+ q=
2010 HDR HDI Q}# #`#OQ K# =~ 3
1. ì P^Q}# ì GDPH |^ ì GNI x fH<#.
2. JH~ ` =[# JH~ `, L=_ #"^ x+uH |^ Expected years of schooling, Mean years of
schooling# "
># .
3. =_ JO H Hx+, Qi+ q= =~#.
4. =_ JO Q@
Q}O K@_ =# JOH=^ =O# |^ Q}=^ =x fH<#.
JO p (Component Index)
3 LEI, EAI, SLI
HDR 2009 HDI
P^~_ O K ^# 4 ~HQ ql OK#.

Z) ` = =#"a=$k ^
0.000 #O_ 0.499
a) =^ ~ =#"a=$k ^ 0.500 #O_ 0.799
) JkH =#"a=$k ^
0.800 #O_ 0.899
2010 q[ #
0.000 0.479
0.480 0.669
0.670 0.784
0.785 1.000
HDR
_) J`kH =#"a=$k ^
0.900 #O_ 1.000
HDR 2007: 2005 Q}OH P^~OQ 2007 HDR x K iOzi. nx 177 ^ fHQ ...
"^\ #O Iceland, 177= #O Sierra leone, 128= #O India
HDR 2008: 2006 Q}OH P^~OQ 2008 HDR # ~OkOzi. nx 179 ^ fHQ...
"^\ #O Iceland, 179 = #O Sierraleone, 132= #O India
z~Orq
56
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
2007 Q}OH P^~OQ 2009 HDR x ~OkOzi. nx 182 ^# fHQ

"^\ #O <~.
182 #O <Q ~ HQ,
WO_ #O 134.
HDR 2010 : Human Development Report 2010x #=O|~ 2010 H\
O K#. nx HDI q= P^~OQ
<Q ~HQ ^ ql OK|_#.
HDR 2009 :
1)
2)
3)
4)
Very high human developed countries

High human developed countries
Medium human developed countries
Low human developed countries
42
43
42
42
169

gx "^\ ~HO ^ Ja=$k KOk# ^HQ, qye# =_ Ja=$k KO^`# ^Q

=|_`<~.
2010 HDR ~OkOK@ =Y` +Oz#k *xQ = <.
^# OÔ : The Real Wealth Nations : Pathways to Human Development.

2010 HDR "^\ 5 ^, z=i 5 ^, WO_ H W~Q ~Q## ^ D qÔ Q L<~.

"^\ 5 ^
Rank
Ô
1
<~ (0.938)
2
Pe
3
#lO_
4
J"iH
5
S~O_

z=i 5 ^
Rank
165
166
167
168
169
Ô
"*OaH
|~O_
<Q~
_"H\H iaH P HOQ
lO(0.140)
~` ~Q ^
Rank
Ô
89
K< (0.663)
91
NOH (0.658)
107
=b= (0.602)
119
WO_ (0.519)
125
H< (0.490)
129
|OQ^ (0.469)
132
=<~(0.451)
138
< (0.428)
Px < (0.349)
155
~`H O > =O^# W~Q~Q ^: K< , NOH, =b=,

~`H O > "#HO[ L# W~Q ~Q ^: H<, |OQ^ , =<~, <, Px <
Q "#H|_# P Ô Px < (155 = ~OH)
HDI ~OHOQ ~`H
~ O_ " Q ^
H =~ (118 ~OH)
~` (119 ~OH)
`= ~ (120 ~OH)
BRICS ^ (l, ~, WO_
, K< , ^H}
H )
65 ~ (0.719) (BRICS ^ "^\ #O)
73 l (0.699)
89 K< (0.663)
110 ^H}
H (0.597)
119 WO_ (0.519) (BRICS ^ z=i#O.)
z~Orq
57
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
2010 HDR H~O
HDI
~OH W\=~
~` P=}O
64.4 O=`~
Expected Years of Schooling
10.3
Means Years of Schooling
4.4%
3,337 (US$ PPP)
ì GNI
H #_ 8 ~ "^\ #O O^Q
<~ 8 ~
[< 3 ~
SO_ 2 ~ "^\ #O O^#.
PiH= $k, =#"a=$k =^ O|OÔ :

^~}OQ Z= PiH =$k Hey# ^ =#"a=$k _ Z=Q< LO@Ok. ` = PiH=
$kQ
^ ` = =#"a=$k LO@Ok.
J~` D O|OÔ
Z_ WQ LO@O^x K O. Hx ^ JkH PiH= $k L#\H, =#"a=$k
` =Q LO_=K. =iHx ^ ` = PiH= $k L#\H JkH =#"a=$k LO_=K.
PiH =$k =#"a=$k Qu x OKÒ^x YzÒQ K O. L^ : =# ì GDP 2753

(PPP$) HQ, ~OHOQ 134= #O kOzOk. J^ qÒ ` = ì GDP Hey L#\H
(2600$) JkH =#"a=$kx Hey (0.725) 116 = #O LOk. qÒ HO> ~` JkH =$kx
Hey#\H P =$k ~` L`= q^, P~Q H~ HeOKH ~O^x Ò k. qÒ
` = PiH =$k` [ JkH =#"a=$kx JOkOKQe yOk.
qq^ ~ HDI
K ~ =^ ~ O K ^` =#OQ L<~. H|\ "\ =^ HDI
=#Ô
`_ `H#@ HDI Q}O K@ J=~O . nx 3 ` =Y"# q.
1997 UNFPA "~ ~`
=#"a=$k (Human Development)
"India Towards Population and Development Goals" J< H x K iOzi.
Mahbub-Ul-Haq `# H
O "Human Development in South Asia, 1997" _ qq^ ~ =^
HDI # Q}O
K#.
1. <> _ <+< O _ ~ +< UHq \ ( UNFPA) : 3 JO P^~OQ Human Development
Q}Oz#k.
Z) Index of life expectancy (r=<~ zH)
a) Index of Per capita income SDP (~R ì P^ zH)
) Index of Education (q^ zH)
UNFPA "i
z~Orq
Q}#
"^\ #O Ok# ~RO

z=i#O (15) Ok# ~RO
PO^^#O
H~
c~
9= ~OH
58
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
=|LH _ W" JO f#\H Hk =Ò Q^. q^ p Literacy Rate

fx, School Enrollment Ratio q_z># .
2.
=|LH Q}#
"^\ #O Ok# ~RO

z=i #O Ok# ~RO
PO^ ^ #O
H~
=^ ^
9= ~OH
3. _II a+l`Q : D# =#"a=$kH KOk# K JO L#\H UNFPA, Haq J^ <

"\x q_z\# q J<#. =#"a=$kH =~ 3 JO K~ #. "Ò 6 JO. gx` 4 zH
` ~ K#. Wq 198894 =^ O`xH KOk#q. J~` "^_ r =Ò UNDP "i^ L yOK#.
Z) The Quality of life (r=# <}`)
a) Poverty eradication (îH x~#)
) Urbanisation (@} H ~ } )
Z) Quality of life : 5 JO ^~ xiOK#.
1. Access to safe Drinking Water (~H` " # `Qh~ H~ O)
2. q^` H<H<
3. O=`~O "Ò g^ ~A 2 @ [#O
4. H WO_ x"O
5. "Ò [< = _ ` ( ` P`)
a) Poverty Eradication : }oH O O x} Q K# "~ î^~ Y # # "ix (APL)
"ix fO\~.
) @}H~} : 1991 H H~O fO\~.
g\ H~O HDI1, HDI2, HDI3, HDI4 Q ql OK#.
J~` Hk =`#\H UNFPA, HAQ, GUHA , UNDP Methodology < "_#.
\ 5 ~ H ~, =~R, O*, `q<_, ~<
kQ= 5 ~ =^ ^ , Xi, ~[<, L`~ ^ , c~
=^ 5 ~ Q[~`, H~@H, t=OQ, PO^ ^ , JO.
H~O
2) Haq (H) H~O
3) Guha (Q) H~O
1) UNFPA
A) HDI1
B) HDI2
C) HDI3
D) HDI4
z~Orq
"^\ #O
H~
H~
z=i (15) #O
c~
=^ ^
H~
H~
H~
H~
L`~ ^
L`~ ^
Xi
Xi
59
#O
9= ~OH
9= ~OH
A.P.
9= ~OH
9= ~OH
7= ~OH
6= ~OH
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
GUHA : UNDP
û x J=OaOz#\H "\x qi OK#. Q p HDI4 =Q" # p.

K H^y# q+ O Uq@O> Q H 4 p# H ~ ^= #O LOk. kQ= #O =Ò
=~`<~.
PO^ ^ q+ O q~Ô Q LOk. HDI1 9= #O.
HDI4 6= #O.
Q p _ =#"a=$kx è Hx JO K~ = LOk.
Q ~# QOÔ "A study of inter-state Disparity"
1. P~ O
2. ~R ì PÔ
3. JH~ `
4. r=# <}`
5. îHO
6. @}
H ~ }
HDI1
HDI2
HDI3
HDI4
NATIONAL HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT - 2001
*f =#"a=$k x"kH (NHDR) # =#Ô }oH O O ~OkOz#k.
}oH O O ~OkOz# *f =#"a=$k i~# 2002 K iOK#. 1981, 1991,

2001 HxH }oH O O ~"sQ, Ô "Ò Q ` ~ K#. ^ÒO H~` H~}OQ 15
~H 2001 =#"a=$k px ~OkOK#. UNDP L yOz# n~H =O`" # r=#=,
q^^# , PiH ^# < Wk _ L yOz< HOKO =Ò H^. 15 ~ =#"a=$k
zH PO^ ^ k 10= #O.
UNDP "i, } oH O O "i =#"a = $k JO i eH
JO
}oH OO zH (NHDR)
UNDP zH
1. P~ O (\# \ #Oz) n~H =O`" # r=#O 1) P~ O (O=`~O #Oz) 65%
t =~} ~ @ 35%
2. JH~ ` (=[< JH~ ` { q^^#
2) JH~ ` ~ @ (7 OII P# )
L=_ #"^ x+u)
x` q^ ^#` W=|_#.
3. "= ì PÔ
PiH ^#
3) "= ì qxQ =O
(US$PPP )
z~Orq
60
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
NHDR
Q}# }oH O O f# Hx+, Qi+ q=

Hx+O
Qi+O
P~ O
50 OII
80 OII
JH~`
0%
100%
qxQ=O (<) 65 ~.
325 ~.
=#"a=$k p ~ : =_ H# ~` =#"a=$k p ~Q` =zOk.

1981
1991
2001
India
0.302
0.381
0.472
A.P.
0.298
0.377
0.416
JO`~f =} H~O <\H ~`^ O ` = =#"a=$k Q Ô .
1. PO^ ^ =#"a=$k (0.416), WO_ (0.472) HO> ` =Q LOk.
15 ~ PO^ ^ 1981, 1991 9= ~OH# 2001 10= ~OH# Ok#k.
1. =#"a=$k p H ~ "^\ #O O^Q c~ z=i #O Ok#k.
z# ~, H O^ e` O` qQ` "xHO> "~Q # e `x< ~.
HDI O=ìHOQ
2.4% ~ @` 1980#,
3% ~ @` 1990# =$k KOk#k.
=#"a=$k ZQ=## ~ (0.5 # )

1) H ~ (0.638)
2) O* (0.537)
3) `q<_ (0.531)
4) =~R (0.523)
5) ~< (0.509)
kQ=## ~ (0.4 )
11) Xi
12) =^ ^ (0.394)
13) L`~ ^ (0.388)
14) JO (0.386)
15) c~ (0.367)
H~ HDI q= 0.638. c~ HDI q= 0.367.

PiHO Q "~Q_# ~ =#"a=$k z "~QQ LOk. PiHO Q "#H|_# ~ =#"a=$k
z "#H|_ LOk. J~` =^ P^ ~ D O|OÔ H#|_@^ .
~ =^ P^ J=#` HO>, ~ =^ HDI J=#` ` =Q L<~. J#Q ì
PÔ ` = =#\H ~ P~QO, q^ J=OaOK q^< H~}O.
=#"a=$k J`kH #O Q H ~, PÔ =^ ~ PÔ Q ~RO.
=~R PÔ "^\ #O HQ, =#"a=$k 4= #O.
HDI ~` =$k gH :
19802010 O=`~ =^ =#"a=$k ~` ^H # ~O@ 0.320 #O_ 0.519 ~O@

iQ~. D ~Q^ 62% Q LOk.
z~Orq
61
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
1980= ^H O z=i ~A ~` 0.5 ~O@ ~x ^@_O ^~ J =#"a=$k kOz#

^ =~O #Oz =^ qH =#"a=$k kOz# ^ =~O H K~ #_ K< <_ WO_ L#
#O LO_k. =#"a=$k D ~ O_ ^ =^ ^^ ~ O_ ^ =Ò LO^x D q+ O
`Òk. ` O 0.663 ~O@` 89 = ~O L# K< Hk O=`~ JkH =#"a=$k
^ *a`H Ki=K. aH (BRIC) ^x qye# ~ O_ ^# ~, l JkH =#"a=$k
^ *a`H Z_ K~ <~. q\ x< qz#"# `~ "` ~ =#"a=$k ~OHOQ
kQ*i#\H uiy W\= HO OAH=_O ~OaOzOk.
1980 #Oz K ~` =#"a=$k p "~Q^ kOz#\H D "~Q^ PiHa=$k
~ @` =# ~ ^ . Q` J~^ Q K ^ GDP =$k ~ @ L~H ` ` Ok. Hh =#"a=$k
~ @ JO^ Hh ~ _ ^ . O K ^ ~i =#"a=$k zH 0.624 HQ =#
^xk 0.519 =`" J~` ^H}
(0.516) q= HO> Z=.
~` PiHa=$k` kOz# e ` =#"a=$kH PtOz# ~ ^Ô K _O ^x qu
"MxOK_x |\ K =*xH PiHa=$k JO^=#O`Q JO^_O ^x Ò k.
~` =#"a=$k "~Q^ L#\H nxHO> PiHa=$kH ^ @ " =Ò [ OK~x
ZxH .q.#~O ~=, "*~ ` `# O H=_O ~A= K < ~. Pe *< "~
` `# O _ W^ q+ x +O KOk.
PO^^ =#"a=$k x"kH ( ANDHRA PRADESH HDR)

PO^ ^ =#"a=$kx ~OkOK ^ `# PiH, =lH J^ < O (CESS-Centre for
Economic and Social Studies) K\
O k. PO^ ^ HDR # ~OkOK_O W^ "^\ i.
=#Ô "^@Q =#"a=$kx ` ~ K# ~RO =^ ^ .
200405 PO^ ^ îHO 15% =~ LOk.
[< ~Q^# JiH@_ O , O |$O^ Ja=$k PO^ ^ Q}h"# Qu kOzOk.
=~" HDI K ` = LOk. 15 ~ 10= #O LOk. PiHa=$k kOz#\H,
=lHa=$k =Ò Q "#H|_ LOk.
Ô JH~ ` ` =Q L# ~ PO^ ^ XH\ . ^ JH~ ` 65% HQ ~+ JH~ ` 61%
=`"
îH x~#, Hi, |_=x"# "iH O`#^ .
îHO ` =Q LO_ Hi Z=Q L# ~ PO^ ^ XH\.
Lk J=H `Q~ :
OII
198394
19942005
z~Orq
~RO Lk =$k
Q=
@}
2.44%
4.01%
0.72%
1.87%
"Ò
2.72%
0.95%
62
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
1983 #O_ 199394 =~ Lk ~OQO Ja=$k 2.7%

O~} `~ "` 199394 #O_ 200405 =^ 0.95%Q #"^ J~Ok. Wk Ô < K ` =.
W^ =O *f~ Lk 1.9%Q #"Ô k.
=~H PO^# q+ O 19932000` e 19992005 =^ x[ "`< `y ~. 200405
<\H PO^ ^ x Hi 94% =Ok JO \` ~OQO "~.
GSDP == ~OQO "\ 1950 60% `
O 22% `yO k.
1960, 70 ^ ==xH x^ H \~O Oz#\H 1980, 1990 D ~OQO x~H xH
Q~ O k.
PiHa=$k, ì P^ *f~ ~i` ^Q~Q L<, =#"a=$k zH Lk
J=H Ja=$k PO^ ^ Q "#H|_ LOk.
ì PÔ =O^# qY@O P~QO, q^ "#H|_ LOk. t=Q^=i, H$, <~ ,
z`~ l ì PÔ H< q^ ~Qu LOk.
Hi : Qg} O` Hi Z=Q L<~. 1014 OII =^ =Q
Z=Q L<~.
199394 14.8% 200405 6.6% Wk *f~ HO> ~ \O Q LOk.
l"s HDI :
HDI Rank
l
1991
2001
^~^
1
1
H$
2
2
=|#Q~
22
23
q[#Q~O
23
22
l"sQ K ~RO =#"a=$k ^= #O ^~^ HQ, ~ O_= #O H$.
=# ~RO =#"a=$k "#H|_# "^\ l =|#Q~ HQ ~ O_= "#H|_# l q[#Q~O .
200203 PÔ ^~ K Z= PÔ Hey# l qY@O.
200203 PÔ H~O ~RO ` = PÔ Hey# l q[#Q~O .
2001 ~RO q^ "^\ #O Ok# l ^~^.
2001 ~RO q^ "#H|_# l =|#Q~
2001 ~RO P~QO "^\ #O Ok# l ^~^.
2001 ~RO P~Qa=$k "#H|_# l q[#Q~O .
z~Orq
63
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
5. A.P. ECONOMY
PO^ ^ ^ QoH q~ O 8.37% Hey LO_ Ô <= Ju^ ~ROQ LOk.

PO^ ^ Ô 5= Z= [< Hey# ~RO
200809 <\H xH~ Q q 109.60 H H~` "Ò ~RO QoH q~ O 39.8% Hey
LOk.
PO^ ^ 62 H H~ J@g OÒ Hey LOk.
Ô 2= Ju^ H f~x Hey L# ~RO PO^ ^ (974 H.g.)
2001 [< H H~O Qg} [< 72.7%, @}
[< 27.3% Hey LOk.
, ~+ x+ux ije 2001 <\H 978 LOk. Wk WO_ (933) HO> "~QQ LOk.
~R Lù f~`# (State Domestic Product Trends):
XH^ PiH == f~`#, qq^ ~OQ Ja=$k H_ #, "\ ^#`# OQ `H=_xH
*f^ JOK< LHi ~. J^qÔ Q XH ~R PiH iu x, Ja=$k H_ #, qq^ ~OQ ^#`#
J=Q# K H=_xH P ~R Lù JOK< L Q_ ` ~.
GSDP (Gross State Domestic Product):
''~R QoH Z ik XH O=`~ HO Lù K |_# Jx = = q=# ~R Lù

(GSDP) JO^~.
Lù K |_# Jx = = q=# He` Gross Value of Output =O
k. nx#Oz "\ LùHO
L yOz# =Ô`~ L`^H q=# f" H|_# q= (Gross Value Added) =O k.
Gross Value Addeed = Gross Value of Output Intermediate Inputs.

JO> Lù q= (GVO) #O_, =^ O`~ Lù H~H q=# f" GVA =O k.
D GVA < GSDP JO^~.
NSDP (Net State Domestic Product):
H|_# q= (GVA) #Oz, ~ =^# qxQ q= (Consumption of Fixed capital) #

f" H|_# xH~ q= (Net value Added NVA) =O k.
D NVA < NSDP JO^~.
~
=^# qxQx (CFC), `~ Q^ (D) JO^~.
GVA CFC = NVA
(^)
GSDP D = NSDP
(H|\ NVA = NSDP)
=~\ ^~
L# NSDP #O_ xH~ ~H # f" LùH~H Ys^ ^$ NSDP =O k. nx<
~Ô/ xH~ ~R Lù JO^~.
z~Orq
64
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
~R ì PÔ :
~R P^x, ~R [<K y ~R ì PÔ =O k.
~R ì PÔ
NSDPFC
(^)
NVAFC
~R [<
~R [<
DES (Directorate of Economics and Statistics): 1971 O
K~.
~` *f^x H O^ Q}OH O (Central Statistical Organisation) Q}O KQ, ~R P^x ~R
PiH, Q}OH O (Directorate of Economics and Statistics DES) Q} O k.
=kO ^` :
*f ~ *fÔ ^j Lù, *f Lù Jx ~ O_ ~HQ H OK_ #. ~` QoH
i^ [iQ Lù ^j LùHQ ^ QoH J=^ ` xqÒ O_ ~f, ~`^ O
$+O K P^x *f Lù JO^~.
W^ û ~R Lùx =<~O Q ~ O_ q^< H OK=K.
A) Pq~q
OK PÔ (Income Originating):
~R QoH i^ $+O K|_ P^ =`" H OK|_#. *f ~ nxx GDP `
~ .
Note: ~R [ W`~ ~Qx, W`~ ^Qx OkOK PÔ# H OK~ .

~R Lùx H OK_xH H=e# ^Ò =K~O ~RO O H=_O` PK~}
D q^#O< ~R
Lùx H < ~.
B) kO
K PÔ (Income Accruing):
~R QoH i^ ` O|OÔ O_ ~R x"` W`~ ~#O_ Qx, W`~ ^#O_Qx
aOK PÔ# nx H~. JO> ~R [ ~RO " LùK == q=# _ nx
K~ ~ . *f~ nxx GNP ` ~ .
J~` nxH H=e# ^Ò =K~O ~RO O HH=@K, "^\ û
^~< (Income Originating),
< ~.
GSDP x Q}
~R Lù (GSDP) x, =_ ^` ^~ =kO K < ~.
1)
Lù =kO û (Production Approach)
2)
P^ =kO û (Income Approach)
3)
= =kO û (Expenditure Approach)
xH, ~R PiH ==# OQ ==, iqH, "~OQQ ql < ~.
GSDP =kO L^
^ # ~OQ# =~ L~O QQ ql OK#. Jx L~O Q He "Ò 17. g\...
6 L ~OQ
Lù =kO û x
10 L ~OQ
P^ =kO û x
1 L ~OQO
= =kO û x L y< ~.
z~Orq
65
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
Lù =kO û :
PiH == Q "Ò = = q=# He, ^x #Oz Lù H L yOz# =^ O`~
L`^H# f"
@ ^~ nx q=# O^`~.
1. ==O, 2. O^, 3. J@g O^, 4. K OHO , 5. Q# `=HO, 6. =#HiOQ
(il+~ ) ~OQ nxx L y~ .
B) P^ =kO û
:
Lù H~H =K u K~ @^~ J#Q @HO, "`< , r`, =_, H@ ^~ nx
q=# O^`~.
1. =#HiOQ (J< il+~ ) , 2. q^` Q, h\ ~ ~ , 3. =~H O , @, ~ ~ O\, 4. ~ ~"},
5. W`~ ~"}, x, 6. =K~O, 7. OHOQ c=, 8. i Z\ , W`~ "~ =, 9. ` #, 10.
W`~ =. D 10 L ~OQ nxx L y~ .
C) = =kO û
:
=O [iQ ^ P^x Q}O K@ ^~ nx q= O^`~. "Ò PÔ qxQO =i
^Q =~#. D ~ O_O\x K~ @^~ nx q=# O^=K.
1. x~}~OQO ==kO û x L y< ~.
` ~ ^~ GSDP :
*fÔ = ~R P^x _ ` (Current Price) ^~ #, ~ ^~ # (Constant
~ .
Price) Q}
` O=`~ ^~ = = q=# JOK<" ` ^~ GSDP =O k. J~` Wk PiH
== "= =$kx zOK^ . H~}O nx ~ O_
" He LO_#.
1. = = =~, 2. = = ^~ =~. D ~ O_O\ Uk =i< GSDP =~#. ^~ =~

"h `yOKO^ ~ ^~ GSDP x JOK< "~ .
~ O=`~ ^~ GSDPx Q}O KO> P^~ O=`~x fH"e. Z@=O\ X_^_ x XH
=# O=`~x (Normal year) P^~ O=`~OQ fHO\~.
PO^ ^ W\=~ fH# P^~ O=`~ :
P^~O O=`~O
fH# O=`~O
196061
1967
197071
1978
198081
1988
199394
1999
19992000
200506
2004 05
2009
2004 05
` P^~ O=`~O
P^~ O=`~x =~@ Q H~} :
Z) PiH == x~}O =K =~ `H#@
a) JO`~f =} `H#@
) J^ # ^` # "~Q~ K@
_) PiH == "q H =$kx `H#@
A)
z~Orq
66
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
GSDP
qq^ ~OQ "\ :
195556 #Oz 200809 =^ qq^ ~OQ "\

~OQO
195556
20042005 20102011(AE)
^qH~OQO
64.5
27.9
24.6
kf~OQO
9.0
21.51
21.6
`$f~OQO
26.5
50.6
53.5
OQ ije ^q H ~OQO "\ GSDP 195556 #Oz 200809 (Q) <\H 65% #Oz
27% `y# k.
kf ~OQO "\ 9% #Oz 21.72%H iy#k.
`$f~OQO "\ 26.5% #Oz 51.16%H iy#k.
` xH PO^ ^ GSDP J`kH "\^~ `$f~OQO (~`^ O _ W^ iu LOk.)
PO^ ^ GSDP J`kH "\#OkOK ~ O_= ~OQO ^q H ~OQO (~`^ O =Ò `$f~OQO
`~ "` Z= "\ #OkOKk kf~OQO).
PO^ ^ GSDP ` = "\ #OkOKk kf~OQO (~`^ O ` = "\# JOkOKk ^q H
~OQO).
L ~OQ "sQ
Sl.No.
1.
1.1Z
1.1a
1.2
1.3
2.
3.
3.1
3.2
4.
5.
GSDP
(~ ^~) :
~OQO (Industry)
200101
200506
20.14
6.45
1.02
2.53
30.15
2.84
11.49
7.80
3.68
2.64
5.63
22.61
15.40
7.17
0.73
2.37
25.8
3.02
11.67
8.15
3.51
2.32
7.72
24.73
12.24
5.58
1.16
2.52
21.51
3.05
11.05
8.1
2.9
2.27
8.34
24.7
==O, J@g, =` O^
==O
O^
J@g O^
K OHO
== ~OQO
"x OQ Hs~OQ
=#HiOQ
il+~
J< il+~
q^`, Q, h\ ~ ~
x~}O
iqH ~OQO (2{3{4{5)
z~Orq
67
201011
(A)
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
6.
7.
7.1
7.2
7.3
8
8.1
8.2
9
9.1
9.2
=~H O , @, ~ ~ O@
13.27
13.32
14.41
~"}, x, H=xH+#
7.28
9.78
8.96
~
1.40
1.42
1.03
W`~ ~"} x
4.21
4.74
5.20
=K~=
1.66
3.61
2.72
< xOQ, c=, i Z\ al< = 12.12
12.96
18.45
OHOQ, c=
4.18
4.66
6.45
i Z\ , al< =
7.93
8.29
12.00
=lH =HQ ` =
14.55
13.50
11.93
` #
4.99
4.14
3.68
W`~ =
9.55
9.35
8.25
"~OQO (6{7{8{9)
47.22
49.57
83.8
L~O Q "sQ ije (201011 (AE) )
GSDP ==O ( O^`
He) "\ 201011(A) <\H 17.82%xH `yO k.
O^# q#~Oz XH ==x fO> H =O 12% =`" =O k.
J@g O^ "\ 1.16% Q L#k.
"x OQ Hs~OQ "\ <=kQ ~QK 3%H KiOk.

"x OQ` He L# ^q H~O QO "\ 201011(A) <\H 24.5%H `yO k.
"x OQ` He L# iqH ~OQO J`kH "\# JOkOKk =#HiOQ ~OQO (11%). nx
JkH QO il+~ =#HiOQ ~OQx^.
iqH ~OQO ~ O_=#O x~}x^.
`$f / "~OQO JxO\ "\ ~QK#\H, #`# PiH O~} QOQ `~OQ
^#` =~@= =lH = "\ XH "~ Q `Q K #k.
<\ : PiH ==# ^q H, kf, `$f ~OQQ ql GSDP J`kH "\#OkOK@
"^\ #O `$f ~OQO
~ O_= #O ^q H ~OQO
z=i #O
kf ~OQO
PiH ==# ==O, i=, = Jx ql 200506 `~ "` JOK< GSDP
"^\ #O "~OQO
~ O_= #O i= ~OQO
z=i #O
== ~OQO
z~Orq
68
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
~OQO
==O~OQO
iqH ~OQO
"~OQO
200405
25.1
24.3
50.6
2001 =~ ~R
GSDP,
O=`~O
201011(AE)
21.5
24.7
53.8
ì P^ =$k ~ @ :
GDP & GSDP
A.P
=$k ~ @
India
ì P^ =$k ~ @
A.P
India
198081 #O_ 199091

5.5
5.37
3.33
3.24
199394 #O_ 2001
5.31
6.13
4.04
4.38
O~} ~O ~R GSDP =$k ~ @ 5.5%HQ, O~} `~ "` =$k ~ @ 5.31%H _ ~Ok.
O~} ~O, ~` HO> Z.. =$k ~ @ Z=Q LO_k, O~} `~ "` ~` HO> Z.. =$k
~ @ ` =Q LOk.
~R ì P^ =$k ~ @ O~} ~O (3.33%) HO>, O~} `~ "` (4.04H) iyOk.
P~H~O Q GSDP =$k ~ @ `y< , ì P^ =$k ~ @ iyOk. nxH H~}O 1990= ^H O
~RO [< ~Q^ ~ @ Q}hOQ `Q_ " .
200304 #Oz WO_ =$k ~ @ HO> ~R =$k ~ @ Z=Q LOk.
J~` 200809 ~ ^~ ~` =$k~ @ 6.7Q JOK< " Q ~R=$k ~ @ 5.02%Q JOK<

" |_#.
` ^~
GDP & GSDP
=$k ~@
A.P
O=`~O
200607
200708(R)
200809(P)
200910(Q)
201011(A)
R = Revised
GSDP
(H@)
3,01,035
3,64,813
4,15,832
4,75,267
5,65,066
India
=$k ~ @
%
17.62
21.19
13.98
14.29
18.89
P= Provisional Q = Quick
GDP
(H@)
39,52,241
45,81,422
52,82,086
61,33,230
72,56,571
=$k ~ @
%
16.60
15.92
15.29
16.11
18.32
A = Advanced
201011 (A) ` ^~ ~R GSDP =$k ~ @ 18.89%. Wk WO_ HO> Z=.

200607 ~R GSDP ` ^~ =~ 3,00.000 H@ ^@Q, 201011 (A) ~R
` ^~ =~ 5,65,000 H@ ~II ^\Ok.
z~Orq
69
GSDP
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
P^~ O=`~O (~ ) ^~
O=`~O
GDP & GSDP
=$k ~@
=$k ~ @
GDP
=$k ~ @
(H@)
%
(H@)
%
200607
2,73,730 11.18
35,66,011 9.58
3,06,645 12.02
38,98,958 9.34
200708(R)
200809(P)
3,22,053
5.02
41,62,509 6.76
200910(Q)
3,40,712
5.79
44,93,743 7.96
201011(A)
3,71,007
8.89
48,79,232 8.58
~ ^~ ~R GSDP =$k ~ @ *f ~ HO> Z=Q LOk. J~` 200809, 20092010
=Ò ~R =$k ^= $k HO> ` =Q LOk. 201011(A) ~+ =$k Z=.
201011(A) ==~OQO 8.39%, iqH ~OQO 7.79%, "~OQO 9.61%, GSDP =$k
8.89% JOK< "#.
~ ^~ ~R GSDP 200607 2,73,000 H@ HQ 201011 (A) 3,71,000 H@ KiOk.
GSDP
` ^~ ~R ^ ì P^, =$k ~ @ :
A.P
India
O=`~O
ì PÔ =$k ~ @
ì PÔ =$k ~ @
200607
33,135
16.10
31,198
15.02
39,727
19.89
35,820
14.82
200708(R)
45,007
13.29
40,605
13.36
200809(P)
200910(Q)
51,025
13.37
46,492
14.50
201011(A)
60,224
18.03
54,527
17.28
200607 ` ^~ ~R ì PÔ ~II 33,000/ HQ 201011 (A) ` ^~ ~R
ì PÔ ~II 60,224/H iyOk.
Q` Hx O=`~Q WO_ ì PÔ HO>, ~R ì PÔ Z=Q LO@ =zOk.
` ^~ 201011(A) ~R ì P^ =$k ~ @ 18.03%. Wk WO_ (17.28%) HO> Z=.
~ ^~ (20042005) ~R, ^ ì P^, =$k ~ @

A.P
O=`~O
200607
200708(R)
200809(P)
200910(Q)
201011(A)
z~Orq
ì PÔ
30,114
33,239
34,716
36,345
39,240
India
=$k ~ @
9.56
10.38
4.44
4.69
7.97
70
ì PÔ
28,083
30,354
31,801
33,731
36,003
=$k ~ @
7.91
8.09
4.77
6.07
6.74
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
~ ^~ ~R ì PÔ 200607 ~II30,100/ HQ, 201011(A) <\H ~II39,200/H

iyOk.
~ ^~ ~R ì PÔ WO_ HO> Z=Q LOk.
~ ^~ ì P^ =$k ~ @ Q` Hx O=`~Q WO_ HO> =# ~RO Z=Q
L#\H, 200809, 200910 =Ò WO_ HO>, ~RO ` =Q LOk.
200910 xH~ ~Ô
(NSDP)
=~+
7,17,000 H@
2
3
L`~^
PO^^
4,28,000 H@
3,68,700 H@
Z=Q Q ~ (` ^~):
ì ~R PÔ :
200910 ` ^~ J`kH ì PÔ Q
1.
KO_~
1,28,000
2.
O_K i
89,000
3.
~<
77,000
4.
O*
61,000
J`kH ì PÔ Q H Oê` OÒ

J`kH ì PÔ Q ~RO
^ ~ J`kH PÔ Q ~RO
Ju ` = ì PÔ Q ~RO
~, H Oê` O` :
KO_ ~ (1,28,000/)
Q"
~< (77,878/)
c~ (14,654/)
GDDP (Gross District Domestic product) :
XH l QoH Z ik XH O=`~ HO Lù K# = = PiH q=#, P l "Ò

PÔ ( l Lù) JO^~.
` ^~ :
200910(Q) ` ^~ J`kHO Q
GDDP
Q l
qY@O (36,229 H@)
~ O_= l
J`
GDDP
Q l
~ O_= l
z~Orq
^~^ (42,006 H@)

q[#Q~O (9,924 H@)
NHO (10,023 H@)
71
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
~ ^~ :
200910(Q) J`kH
Q l
^~^ (31,670 H@)
qY@O (26,801 H@)
~ O_= l
NHO (6,819 H@)
J` GDDP Q l
q[#Q~O (7,117 H@)
~ O_= l
ÒQ}
O` "sQ ije J`kH PÔ =K OÒ
H PO^
~ O_=k
~=
J` PÔ =K OÒ
l ì PÔ :
l P^x (GDDP), l [<K y ì l PÔ (per capita GDDP) =O k.
` ^~ :
200910(Q) J`kH l ì PÔ (ì GDDP) Q l
(86,012/)
^~^
~ O_=#O
qY@O (73,964/)
(33,779/)
J` l ì PÔ Q l
NHO
(37,614/)
~ O_= l
=~OQ
GDDP
~ ^~ :
200910(Q) J`kH l ì PÔ Q l
~ O_= #O
J` l ì PÔ Q l
~ O_=#O
^~^
64,620/
qY@O
54,094/
NHO
23,010/
q[#Q~O
26,621/
~ =^# H# : PiH == L`^H H =^# OK #O P^~_ LO@Ok. nxx

=^# H#` JOK< "~ . JkH =^# OK #O =# JkH =$k ~ @ Oq OK#.
~ = ^# H# (Gross Fixed Capital Formation GFCF) L`^H =~ O P^~_ #. nxx
Q}O KO^ = =kO û x "_`~. " \ H~~\ ~OQO GFCF O|OkOz# =K~O
RBI J^ < ^~ Hi~ .
GFCF#
z~Orq
~RO
GSDP
ÒQ =H ~ ~ .
72
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
GFCF as percentage of GSDP
Year
Andhra Pradesh
All India
2004 - 05
25.86
31.31
2005 - 06
28.21
33.20
2006 - 07
28.82
34.04
2007 - 08
30.08
35.54
2008 - 09(P)
29.43
34.75
GFCF
` " \ ~OQ "\ ije " \ ~OQO "\ ~Q` =O k. J`kH "\ " \
~OQx^!
~OQO
19992000
200708
20082009(P)
" \
67.7
70.36
69.95
`
32.3
29.64
30.05
GSDP ^#` :
~R PiHa=$k f~`# `H#@ L Q_ #.
~R ì PÔ#, `^~ [ r=# =}O# `H#@ L Q_ #.
~RO =K x~}`H =~ J=Q# L Q_ #.
< "O^ L
~x, W`~ ~` e, ~R <x JOK
Q_ #.
~RO qq^ ~OQ H ^#`# `H<O^ Q_ #.
~R }oH P^~O.
~RO ^, @|_ J=Q# Q_ #.
l"s Lùx Q}O K@^~, Of J=#`# J~O K H=K#.
~R PiH q^<# J=Q# K H#@ Q_ #.
PO^^ =$` "s q[# :

PO^ ^ PiH == x~}xH xK =HH =^ "~ ^ O H#|_Òk. Q` 40 O=`~#
ije =$` "s q[ # WOKqOKQ J\Q LOk. =~" qq^ ~OQ #Oz =K "\
K H^y# qÔ Q =~ =O k. ^q H~O QO #Oz #Oz =K "\ `Q ` =O k.
xK"i Ò =i GSDP "i Ò

~OQO
196061
work force (%)
^q H ~OQO
kf ~OQO
`$f ~OQO
z~Orq
72
13
15
GSDP(%)
200001
work force (%)
63.49
11.49
25.02
64.6
13.0
22.4
73
GSDP(%)
36.64
21.08
42.28
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
Q}OH ije == ~OQO P^~_ [< 72% #Oz 65%H `yO k. D `Q ^ K

` =Q LOk.
=~" Lù ije ^q H ~OQO "\ 63% #Oz 200001H 36%, 200607 <\H 26%H
`yO k. JO> GSDP ^q H ~OQO "\ Z=Q LOk.
JO`HH ==~OQO #Oz ì PÔ ` =Q LO__" HH `Q ` =O k. nx= P^
J=#` ~Q`#q.
== ~OQO xK"~ : (==^~, == q)

PO^ ^ == ~OQO ==^~ J#Ò x~O`~O `Q ` =O k. =~" 1971 #Oz
== q ~QK<~.Wk qKiOK^Q JOO
1991 `~ "` _ "Ò == ~OQO xK"~ 69% #"^ ~.
19912001 =^ ije "Ò xK "i == ~OQO xK"i Ò 68.6% #Oz
62%H `yO k. nxH H~}O ==O K ==^~ 27% #Oz 22%H `Q_ " .
2001 <\H 62% (==^~ { == b) xK "~ ==O P^~_ K<~.
Wk O* 39% `q<_ 49%Q LOk. JO`HH XHH ==^~_H Q@ # W^~ ==
q<~. c~ `~ "` J`kH == q# ~RO PO^ ^ .
HO ==^~ ==
q
"Ò
==^~, ==
== ~OQO x K"~
q x+u
1961
40.12
28.59
68.71
0.71
1981
32.74
36.79
69.53
1.12
1991
27.74
40.87
68.61
1.47
2001
22.70
39.60
62.30
1.74
2001 <\H ==^~ 22.70% HQ ==q 39.60% H~.

PO^ ^ _ =Ò lH, lH =~Òk. `~Q^=i ==^~ 11.3% HQ,
== q 50.9%Q #"^ ~.
H$+, Q^=i OÒ == q Z=Q H OnH$`" L<~. nx=# q O} K
O~} J= K =# P=H` LO^x Ò k.
z~Orq
74
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
KEY POINTS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
Lù, xH~ LùH `_

Lù `~ Q^
xH~ Lù { `~ Q^
`~ Q^ =~H ~
^j Lù, *f LùH `_
*f Lù NFIA
^j Lù + NFIA
U O^~ O GNP > GDPQ LO@Ok
U O^~ O GDP > GNPQ LO@Ok
=z# q^jH~H PÔ(R) q^j H~H KeO (P)
=~\ ^~ P^xH, Lù H~H Ys^ ^$
P^xH `_
12. =~\ ^~ PÔ xH~ ~H #
13. Lù H~H Ys^ ^$ PÔ{xH~ ~ H #
14. xH~ ~H # J#Q

15. GDP + NFIA =
16. GNP - `~ Q^ (D)
17. NNP - xH~ ~H #
18. Lù H~H Ys^ ^$ xH~ *fù<
19. x~^Q $ u, q^~ HK ~+ , =$^ ,
i>~ J~#"iH WK O K# , ` ~}O =_
20. *fÔ ` P #Oz =K PÔ,^
{ |kb KeO
21. " \ PÔ Oz@|_x H~~\ #
22. =+ PÔ =+ #
23. *fÔ
[<
24. *f^ =$k ~ @ [< =$k ~ @
25. ` =~\ ^~ *f^x H OK@
MP
z~Orq
75
`~ Q^
xH~ Lù
Lù
~ =^# qxQO
xH~ q^j H~H PÔ
^j Lù
*f Lù
NFIA ^<`H"`
NFIA ~}`H" `

(NFIA)
NFIA
xH~ ~H #
Lù H~H Ys^ ^$ PÔ
=~\ ^~ PÔ
~H # a_
GNP
NNP
NNPFC
*fÔ JO^~
|kb KeO
" \ PÔ
=+ PÔ
=~ PÔ
ì PÔ
ì P^ =$k ~ @
<==` *fÔ
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
26. ~ ^~ *f^x H OK@

27. Value Added, Industrial origin, Net output method
28. Gross value of output - intermediate consumption
29. Gross value added - Depreciation
30. Lù =kO û *f^ Q}#,
K~e# JO
"= *fÔ
Lù =kO û
Gross value added
Net value added
O qxQO
Inputed Rent, Interest
31. Lù =kO û q#~OK=# JO

32. Factor Payment, Distributed share method
33. #, Hg+<, Lz` x~O, q^, ~"} O\
= "`# O, _q_O_, ` H~ J"@_, +~
J"@_ H~ Hg+<
34. K@ =u~H ^=O, |kb KeO , @s^~ =z#
PÔ
35. Income disposal, consumption and investment method
36. = =kO û GDP =

37. xH~ ZQ=` J#Q
38. q^j "~O x PiH ==
39. ~`^ *f^ Q}# L yOK û
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
Qg} O` x~}~OQO J=OaOK û

==O J@g, =` O^ { Q# `=HO
kf ~OQO { Q# `=HO
1980 =~ 3.5%Q L# =$k~ @# 'O^ =$k ~ @Q
"MxOz#k
WO_ J`kH =$k ~ @ #"^# O=`~O
WO_ J`kH =$k ~ @ #"^# }oH
=#Ô JkH ~}`H =$k ~ @ Oq Oz# O=`~O
=#Ô ` = =$k #"^# }oH
` O *fÔ J`kH "\#OkOK ~OQO
z~Orq
76
Q$} =, ` == J=HO,
+~, O_ J=H= =K PÔ
P^ =kO û
P^ =kO û K~e
P^ =kO û K~~^
= =kO û
C + I + G + (X - M)
ZQ=` kQ=`
Closed Economy / Autarky
=_ ^` (Lù { P^ {
= =kO ^` )
= =kO û
^q H ~OQO
iqH ~OQO
II ~*H$ +
198889
10= }oH (7.8%)
197980
3= }oH
"~OQO (55%)
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.
67.
68.
69.
70.
71.
72.
73.
74.
75.
` O *fÔ Ju ` = "\#OkOK ~OQO

`, " \ ~OQ JkH "\#OkOKk
Qg}, @}
O` JkH "\#OkOK ~OQO
==H $ `, J==H $ ` ~OQ JkH "\#OkOK ~OQO
Qg} ^j Lù JkH "\# JOkOKk
"^\ iQ *f^x JOK< "# k
Poverty and UnBritish Rule in India QO^H
~
ÒÒ ~ JOK< Z=
`` _#
*f^ JOK<
*f^ Hq\ (1949)H J^ _
C.S.O. (Central statistical organisation) H
O^ H~O
` O ~`^ O *f^x H OKk
*f^ JOK< ` O fH< P^~ O=`~O
Q$} = H O, W<O@s =~ q= H@@
^= =~\H ~x == , K@ =u~H ^=O, =$u
` HH~ }
H =@ etc.
Q$ ~OQO { O ~OQO Q PiH ==

~ O_ ~OQ PiH == P^ KH "xH zÔ
~ O_ ~OQ #=< P^ "xH Injection Uk
~ O_ ~OQ PiH == P^ =` x|O^#
Q$ { O ~OQxH ` ~OQO Ki`
=_ ~OQ PiH == LeakageQ =|_k
=_ ~OQ PiH == InjectionQ x K #k
Closed Economy + q^j "~ ~OQO
<Q ~OQ #=< LeakageQ xK #k
<Q ~OQ PiH == InjectionQ xK #k
HDIx 1990 #Oz ~OkOKk
HDI ~te
P~ O { JH~ ` { ì GDP J<k
UNDP "~ ~OkOK HDI ì GDP
z~Orq
77
^q H ~OQO
" \ ~OQO
@}
OÒ
J==H $ ` ~OQO
==~OQO
^^~ <~l
^^~ <~l
_II q.H.P~.q. ~=
.. =<a
#_b
C.S.O
20042005
*f^ Q}# =
Two sector Economy
^
@|_
^ @|_
Three Sector Economy
#
` =O
Four Sector / Open Economy
kQ=`
ZQ=`
UNDP
=|LH
HDIx JO
US$ H#Q H =#` (PPP)
~O fO\~
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
76.
77.
78.
79.
80.
81.
82.
83.
2010 WO_ #O
15 ~ HDI , HDI , HDI , HDI Q}O z#k
*f =#"a=$k x"kH (NHDR 2001) ~OkOz#k
NHDR 2001 ^=
, z=i < Ok# ~
NHDR 2001 AP #O
=#Ô "^\Q =#"a=$k px ` ~K# ~RO
PO^ ^ HDIx ` ~K# k
AP HDR =#"a=$k p (2001) "^\,
z=i <
84. =# ~RO ~R Lù (GSDP)x Q}O Kk
85. ~RO GSDPx Q}O K û
HDR
86. ~R P^x (GSDP), H OKO^ `

P^~ O=`~O
87. GSDP J`kH "\# JOkOK ~OQO
88. 201011(A) JOK< ` ^~ ~R
ì PÔ
89. 201011 (A) JOK< ~ ^~ ~R ì PÔ
90. J`kH xH~ ~Ô (NSDP) Q ~RO
91. 200910 J`kH ì PÔ ( ` ^~ )
Q OÒ
92. 200809 J`kH ì PÔ Q
( ` ^~ ) ~RO
93. 200910(Q) J`kH l PÔ (GDDP) Q l
94. 200910(Q) J` l PÔ (GDDP) Q l
95. ` ^~ JkH ì PÔ Q l
200910(Q)
96. ~ ^~ JkH ì PÔ Q l (200910)
97. ` ^~ J` ì PÔ Q l (200910)
98. ~ ^~ J` ì PÔ Q l (200910)
z~Orq
78
119= ~OH (0.519)

a+l` Q
}oH O O
H ~, c~
10= ~OH (0.416)
=^ ^
CESS
^~^, =|#Q~
DES (PiH, Q}OH _~
H~ \)
Lù { P^ { = =kO
^`
200405
"~OQO
60,000 (Q )
39,200 (Q )
=~+
KO_ ~
Q"
^~^
q[#Q~O ( ` ^~ )
^~^
^~^
NHO
NHO
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
ONE WORD QUESTIONS

1. xi+ HxH (Point of Time) KOk#k.
[. x KOHO (Stock variable).
2.
[.
3.
[.
4.
[.
5.
[.
6.
[.
7.
[.
8.
[.
9.
[.
10.
[.
11.
[.
xq` HxH (Period of Time) KOk#k.

" KOHO (Flow variable).
*f O^ ^xH KOk#k.
Stock variable.
*fÔ J<k ^xH KOk#k.

" KOHO (National Income is Flow concept).
^ [< U~H" # KOHO.
Stock variable.
[##, =~} OY U ~H" # KOHO.

Flow variables.
Lù H x W`~ == LùH ^^_ == <=O^~?

=^ O`~ == (Intermediate goods).
=^ O`~ == # L yOK"~.
Lù^~.
=#= H~# ` HO Q f~ == .
JOu= == (Final goods).
JOu= == # L yOK"~?
Lù^~ =i qxQ^~.
xH~ ~H ##Q?
~H # q=#Oz a_ f"
Q =z#q.
*f^ J~O x~K<

12.
[.
13.
[.
14.
[.
z~Orq
Ô x = , O P^ "`x D qÔ Q ~ .
*fÔ.
*fÔ J<k " KOHO H|\ ^~}OQ ZO`HxH H ~ ?
XH O=`~O#.
*f^=<k U~H" # Lùx `Òk.
JOu= = Lùx (Wk Ô Qx, "Qx [iy LO_=K).
79
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
15. ^=O` H=_xH g, q^#O_ =K xH~ P^" *f^=x x~zOz#k?

[. Q.
16. =, =^# O # L yOz, [=#~ O` uO=`~O Lù K uH, JuH
xH~= = L`` *f^=x x~zOz#k?
[. =~.
17. XH == # ~ O_~ q=H@ O_ Jx == # H OK@ *f^=#k?
[. *f^Hq\ (NIC).
18. "`< , @HO, =_, ~O $+O K Lù H~H P^" *fÔ?
[. H O^Q}
OH O (CSO).
=Y"# =# =^ `_
A)
19.
[.
20.
[.
Lù (Vs) xH~ Lù
~ = ^# O J#Q?
HO`H=@ x~@OHOQ LùxK"\ K @|_x ~ = ^# O JO^~.
~ = ^# O # L^~}?
O`, = <, iH~ "II#q.
21. ~ = ^< x Lù H L yOK@_ HO` J~Q,`~ Q (Wear and Tear) # #Q#.
nxx U=O^~?
[. `~ Q^ (Depreciation).
22. ~ = ^# qxQO (Consumption of fixed capital) # =~H~?
[. `~ Q^ (nx< user cost Jx JO^~).
23. `~ Q^ q=`He Lùx H =Kk?
[. Lù
24.
[.
25.
[.
26.
[.
z~Orq
(Gross product).
`~ Q^# q#~Oz Lùx H =Kk?

xH~ Lù (Net product).
LùH, xH~ LùH `_?
`~ Q^.
Lù J#Q?
Lù xH~ Lù { `~ Q^
80
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
27.
[.
28.
[.
xH~ Lù J#Q?

xH~ ù Lù `~ Q^.
U ~ O_O\=^ `_# `~ Q^ zO k?
Lù, xH~ L`` =^
(~ = ^# qxQO Lù xH~ Lù.)
a) ^j Lù Vs *fù
29. ^jù (Domestic Product) J#Q?

[. XH ^ QoH i^ [iQ Lùx ^j Lù JO^~.
NOTE : D
Lù ^jKQx, q^jKQx K |_=K.
30. ^H}
Hi KOk# H~ HOh, ~`^ O O^ H~# Lù K P Lù q=#
~`^ Lù K Jk U~H" # Lù ?
[. ^j Lù (ZO^H#Q, P H~ ~` QoH i^ Lù H|_K#q).
31. =# ^xH KOk# \\ HOh"~ << H~# ^H}
Hi Lù K P Lùx ~` '^j
Lù K=K ?
[. K~^ ( Jk ^ QoH i^ ^\ Lù [~Q`#k H|\)
32. *fù(National Product) J#Q?
[. O=`~HO XH ^ ~K (Normal Residents) K |_# Lùx *fù JO^~.
Note : P
^ ~ P Ô Qx, O KO =~H_< Qx Lù K =K. JO> Wk ^ O

HO>, ~ ^#` WK#.
33. \\"~ ^H}
Hi << H~# Lù K, P Lù q=# ~` Lù q= K`
Jk U ~H" # Lù?
[. *fù (\\"~ ~f H|\ O KO ZH_ Lù K< , Jk *fù Q" )
34. q^j xH~ H~H PÔ (Net Factor Income from abroad NFIA) J#Q?
[. XH ^ Lù H~H# W`~ ^ "_O> =K PÔ #Oz, q^j Lù H~H#
PÔ "_O> KeO K P^x f"
Q qye# PÔ
q^jxH~ PÔ q^#Oz =z# H~H PÔ (R) q^ KeO z# H~H PÔ.
(P)
35. *fù UqÔ Q =O k?

[. *fù ^jù { q^j xH~H ~H PÔ (NFIA)
z~Orq
81
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
36.
[.
37.
[.
38.
[.
39.
[.
^jùx UqÔ Q O^=K?

^jù *fù q^j xH~ H~H PÔ (NFIA)
*fù, ^j`` =^ `_?
q^j xH~ H~H PÔ (NFIA).
^j, *f L`` ^xq= Z=Q LO@Ok?
^x q= Z= LO@O^<k q^jxH~ H~HÔ P^~_ #.
q^jxH~ H~H PÔ (NFIA) ^< `H=#Q?
q^jH~H KeO K PÔ (P) HO>, q^#Oz =z# H~H PÔ (R) Z=Q LO_@
(R>P).
40. q^j xH~ H~H PÔ (NFIA) ~}`HO J#Q ?

[. q^#Oz =z# H~H PÔ (R) HO>, q^ KeO z# H~H PÔ (P)Z=Q LO_@
(R<P).
41.
[.
42.
[.
43.
[.
44.
[.
45.
[.
46.
[.
47.
[.
48.
[.
z~Orq
q^j xH~ H~H PÔ (NFIA) #O J#Q?

q^#Oz =z# H~H PÔ (R), q^ KeO z# H~HÔ =#OQ LO_@ (R=P)
^jù HO> *fù U O^~ O Z=Q LO@Ok?
NFIA ^<
`HOQ L#_.
*fù HO> ^jù U O^~ O Z=Q LO@Ok?
NFIA ~}`HOQ L#_.
^jù, *fù U O^~ O =#OQ LO_#?
NFIA '#Q L#_.
WO_ U Lù Z= LOk?
^jù Z=Q LOk ((NFIA ~}`HO H|\).
. =~\ ^~ (Vs) Lù H~H Ys^ ^$ PÔ
= = LùH L yOK Lù H~Hq?
q, =, =^# O, == _.
Lù H~H ^=~ u q?
qH @HO, = "`# O, =^< xH =_, ==# O .
Lù H~H =Ku # He` =Kk?
Lù H~H Ys^ ^$ *fÔ.
(Lù H~H Ys^ ^$ *fÔ @HO{"`< {=_{ )
82
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
49.
[.
50.
[.
51.
[.
52.
[.
53.
[.
54.
[.
55.
[.
56.
[.
57.
[.
58.
[.
59.
[.
60.
[.
61.
[.
62.
[.
z~Orq
Lù H~H Ys^ ^$ *fÔ nxH =#OQ LO@Ok?

Lù =O.
Lù =xH =#"# ^~ # qkOz, J"@C_ ` *HO UqÔ Q LO@Ok?
~H # qkOK=K, Hx O^~ a_ W==K#.
Lù H~H KuHz# P^xH =~@^~ = = qH~ =K P^xH =^ `_?
~H # , =i a_.
Lù =xH =#"# ^~# qkOz =~\ ==# J"@C_ Ò J^#OQ
qkOKk?
~H#.
~H # nx H LO_#?
=~\ ^~ Q PÔ.
=~\ ^~ Q PÔ #O_ ~H # q#~ =Kk. ?
Lù H~H KuHK PÔ.
` O a_ Wz# Z_ =^ ~ UqÔ Q LO_#?
` =Q LO_#.
a_ ^$ Kz#_ Lù H~H Ys^^$ PÔ HO> =~\ ^~ PÔ?
` =Q LO_#.
=~\ ^~ x P^ a_# Ki =Kk?
Lù H~H Ys^ ^$ PÔ.
Lù H~H Ys^ ^$ PÔ?
=~\ ^~ ^$ PÔ ~H # { a_.
=~\ ^~ ^$ PÔ?
Lù H~H Ys^ ^$ PÔ { ~H # a_.
xH~ ~H # J#Q?
~H # a_.
=~\ ^~ PÔ #O_ xH~ ~ H # q#~ =Kk?
Lù H~H Ys^ ^$ PÔ.
Lù H~H Ys^ ^$ P^xH xH~ ~ H # Ki =Kk?
=~\ ^~ ^$ PÔ.
83
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
63.
[.
64.
[.
65.
[.
66.
[.
67.
[.
68.
[.
69.
[.
70.
[.
71.
[.
. <==` PÔ Vs "= PÔ

P^x ` OII ^~ Q} =Kk?
<==` PÔ (^= PÔ).
^= P^x Q}O K@=# ^ #OQ Z^~ =?
Lù ~Q O_< ^~ ~Q^ =# PÔ iy#@ H#_= K.
^~ ~Q^ "x `yOKO^ U P^x Q}O K@=Ozk?
"= P^x.
"q H PÔ J#Q?
~ O =`~ ^~ ^ P^~ OII ^~ *f^x Q}O K@.
=#Ô W\=~ fH# P^~ O=`~?
194849, 196061, 197071, 198081, 199394, 19992000
` O Ô *f^x Q}O KO^ fH< P^~ O.?
200405.
<==` PÔ #Oz "q H P^x UqÔ Q O^`~?
^~ zK ~ @ K @ ^~.
"q H PÔ ?
<==` PÔ/ ^~ p 100 (^) ` OII ^~ PÔ/ ^~ p 100.
*f^ =# :
xH~ L`` , ^j, *f`` O` <Q =# ~#=K Jq :?
1. GDP (Gross Domestic Product).
2.
3.
GNP (Gross National Product).

NDP (Net Domestic Product).
4.
NNP (Net National Product).
72. =~\ ^~ , Lù H~H Ys^ ^$ J< JO` 8 =# K =K#. Jq?

[. 1. =~\ ^~ ^j Lù (GDP ).
2. =~\ ^~ *f Lù ((GNP ).
3. =~\ ^~ xH~ ^j Lù (NDP ).
4. =~\ ^~ xH~ *f Lù (NNP ).
5. Lù H~H Ys^ ^$ GDP (GDP ).
6. Lù H~H Ys^ ^$ GNP (GNP ).
MP
MP
MP
MP
FC
FC
z~Orq
84
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
7. Lù H~H Ys^ ^$ NDP (NDP ).

8. Lù H~H Ys^ ^$ NNP (NNP ).
XH ^ QoH i^ [iQ JOu== =# =~\ ^~ K z =Kk?
=~@ ^~ ^jù (GDP ).
=~\ ^~ ^jù H}
?
1. Wk "=#, (XH O. [iQ Lùx `#, =O^ O. Lù WO^ QO H^)
2. GDP J<k ` ^~ GDPx `#.
3. Wk "Ò Lù q=# `^ . J#Q =^ O`~ qxQx f"
e. JO> Wk Sum Total
of value added =`" .
4. ~ O_~ XH == # H OK O_ LO_O^ JOu= == < fH=#.
5. Lù H#H WO^ `~ Q^ LO@Ok.
6. D Lù ^jKQx, q^jK Qx K |_=K.
O=`~ HO P^ ~K (Ô Qx, "Qx) Lù K |_# JOu= = =#
"\ =~\ ^~ K z =Kk?
=~\ ^~ *fù (GNP ).
=~\ ^~ *fù H}
?
1. nx xH~ q^j H~H PÔ (Net Factor income from Abroad (NFIA) H LO@Ok.
2. D Lù Ô Qx, "Qx P^ *fK K |_=K.
=~\ ^~ GDP, =~\ ^~ GNPH Q `_?
q^j xH~ H~H PÔ (NFIA).
=~\ ^~ GDPH NFIA Ki =Kk?
=~\ ^~ GNP.
=~\ ^~ GNP #Oz NFIA f= =Kk?
=~\ ^~ GDP.
xH~ q^j H~H PÔ U qÔ Q =O k?
XH ^ Lù H~H# q^ "_HO> =K H~H PÔ q^j Lù H~H# XH^ O
"_HO> KeO K PÔ (R-P).
GDP, GNP Uk Z=Q LO@O^<k
^x P^~_ #?
NFIA P^~_
#.
NFIA UqÔ
Q LO@Ok?
^< `HOQ Hx, |}`HOQ Qx J~^Q 'O'Q Qx LO_=K.
FC
FC
73.
[.
74.
[.
MP
MP
75.
[.
76.
[.
77.
[.
78.
[.
79.
[.
80.
[.
81.
[.
82.
[.
z~Orq
MP
85
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
83. GNP =?
[. GDP + NFIA.
84. GDP =?
[. GNP - NFIA.
85. xH~ q^j H~H PÔ (NFIA) ^< `HO J~` ?
(Q 2, 2008)
[. GNP > GDP .
86. xH~ q^j H~H PÔ (NFIA) |}`HO J~`?
[. GDP > GNP (^)
GNP < GDP .
87. GDP, GNP U O^~ O =#OQ LO_#?
[. NFIA #"` .
88. GDP, GNP H ^ #"# ~ O_ `_.?
[. 1. GDP Ô ^j =i q^j K Lù He LO_#. GNP Ô
Qx, " Qx P^jK K |_# Lù He LO_#.
2. GDP HO> GNP q"# =# ZO^=##Q GNP xH~ q^j H~H PÔ He LO_#.
89. GDP, GNP PiH == =~x Q}O K=#O Uk?
[. GNP.
90. GDP, GNP ^ #"# O Uk?
[. D ~ O_ `~ Q^# q#~OK= H|\ = = "= "O è^.
91. GDP #O_ `~ Q^# q#~ =Kk?
[. =~\ ^~ xH~^ j ù (NDP )
92. =~\ ^~ xH~^ j ùH `~ Q^# Ki =Kk?
[. =~\ ^~ GDP.
93. =~\ ^~ GDPH, =~\ ^~ NDPH `_?
[. `~ Q^.
94. NDP = ?
[. GDP - Depreciation.
95. GDP = ?
[. NDP + Depreciation.
96. =~ \ ^~ GNP#Oz `~ Q^# q#~ =Kk?
[. =~\ ^~ NNP (NNP ).
MP
MP
MP
MP
MP
MP
MP
MP
MP
MP
MP
MP
MP
MP
MP
MP
MP
z~Orq
86
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
97.
[.
98.
[.
99.
[.
100.
[.
101.
[.
102.
[.
103.
[.
104.
[.
105.
[.
106.
[.
107.
[.
108.
[.
109.
[.
110.
[.
111.
[.
z~Orq
=~\ ^~ NNPH `~ Q^ Ki =Kk?

=~\ ^~ GNP (GNP ).
=~\ ^~ GNPH, =~\ ^~ NNPH`_ . ?
`~ Q^ (~ = ^# qxQO).
NNP = ?
MP
MP
GNPMP - Depreciation
GNPMP
NNP MP+ Depreciation.
=~\ ^~ GNPH, LùH~H Ys^ ^$ GNPH `_?

xH~ ~ H # (Net indirect tax).
GDP H, GDP H `_?
xH~ ~H #.
GNP H GNP H `_?
xH~ ~ H #.
NDP H NDP H `_?
xH~ ~H #.
NNP H NNP H `_?
xH~ ~ H #.
NNP ?
NNP ~H
# , { a_.
NNP ?
NNP { ~H
# a_.
^~}OQ *f^=x ^xx ~ ?
NNP (LùH~H Ys^ ^$ xH~ *fù).
NDP + NFIA = ?
Lù H~H Ys^ ^$ xH~ *fù (NNP ).
GNP #Oz `~ Q^ q#~?
NNP (*fÔ) =K#.

=+ P^ =#Q?
*fÔ H~~\ #, Oz@|_x , O H ^` q~ { |kb KeO
MP
FC
MP
FC
MP
FC
MP
FC
FC
MP
MP
FC
FC
FC
FC
FC
FC
87
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
112.
[.
113.
[.
114.
[.
115.
[.
116.
[.
117.
[.
118.
[.
119.
[.
120.
[.
121.
[.
122.
[.
123.
[.
z~Orq
Z@=O\ L`^H H~H# #O_ UHH O Q O^ u # U=O\~?

|kb KeO .
` LùH ZO\ H~O JOkOK O_ O^ u ?
|kb KeO .
|kb KeO L^~} :?
=$^ OK# , x~^Q$ u, OH = KeO (Welfare Payments), |=`, Donations, Fains
(<b), # (Taxes), q^~ HK ~+ , ~}
~ HK O "^Q#q.
|kb KeO # Zx ~HQ =sHi ~ . ?
~ O_ Jq 1. Current Transfers ( ` PÔ#O_ KeO K|_q H#H Wq O^"i ` PÔ
~Q#).
2. Capital Transfers (Wq =^# O #Oz ^ O^ #Oz KeO K|_# H#H Wq O^"i
=^# O ^ O^ ~Q#).
*f^x Q}O K@C_ |kb KeO ?
q#~~ .
=+ PÔ =H ~ O_ ~HQ PÔ O^#?
Jq 1. Lù H~H u Q =K PÔ, (Factor Income).
2. ` |kb KeO (Current Transfer Payments).
=+ PÔ = `= W#~O Y~@H=\xH JO^@ LO_ PÔ?
=~ PÔ.
=+ PÔ #Oz ` H # Q qye#k?
=~ PÔ.
=~ PÔ U P^ =# HO> ` =Q LO@Ok?
=+ PÔ.
=+ PÔ HO> =~ PÔ ` =Q LO_\xH H~}O?
=+ PÔ #O_ ` H # f" < O H|\ =~ PÔ ` =Q LO_#.
Q$~OQO `= =z# =~ P^x qxQO, ^ "z~ H|\ =~ PÔ
?
qxQO { ^.
^ *f^x P^ [<K y =Kk?
ì PÔ.
88
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
124.
[.
125.
[.
126.
[.
127.
[.
128.
[.
129.
[.
130.
[.
131.
[.
132.
[.
133.
[.
z~Orq
ì PÔ ?
*fÔ / [<.
ì PÔ ~QO>?
*fÔ iy<, [< `y< , ~ O_ [iy< ì PÔ ~Q#.
` ^~ *f^x [<K y =Kk?
<==` ì PÔ.
~ ^ ~ *f^x [<K y =Kk?
"= ì PÔ.
O^HOQ PiHa=$kH, PiH OH = xH zHQ L yOK =#O?
"= ì PÔ.
ì P^ =$k~ @# Q}O KO^ yOK Ò?
*fÔ=$k~ @ [<=$k~ @.
XH^ GDP =$k~ @ 5%, [< =$k~ @ 2% HQ ì P^ =$k~ @ ZO`?
3%.
Lù H ` = = Lù H|_#.
D Lù q= Lù H~H P^ ~O
K~ #. D PÔ uiy qxQ, L`^H == =O K |_#.nxx KH "O
UqÔ Q K=K#?
PÔ =x OKQ
=O uiy LùH ^^_ #.
Lù P^x W=Q
1. Lù H~H# L yOz = =# Lù K~ .
2. Lù q= Lù H~H P^Q OK|_#.
3. P^x JOu= qxQ, L`^H == Y~_`~.
*f^x Zx q^Q Q}O K=K#?
=_ q^ :
Z) = = Lù (Lù =kO û ).
a) H~H PÔ (P^ =kO û ).
) = = =O (= =kO û ).
Z. Lù =kO û :
Lù =kO û H =~H ~.(Product method)?
Net product method (or) Value added method (Or) Industrial Origin method.
89
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
134. Lù =kO û x Lù "û Q ez#k?

[. =< *<\.
135. XH ~OQO [iy# Lù =~H~O QO Lù H~HO Q qxyOK|_#_ Gross value added
H#Q<O^?
[. Gross Value added = gross value out put - Intermediate consumption.
136. Gross Value added H Net value added H `_?
[. `~ Q^ (~ =^# qxQO).
137. Net value addedH =~H~?
[. xH~ ^j Lù (NDP).
138. NDP ^ NVA H NFIA x Ki?
[. xH~ *fù =K# (NNP).
139. NNP #O_ xH~ sH # f" =Kk?
[. NNP (Lù H~H Ys^ ^$ xH~ *fù).
140. Lù =kO û *fÔ U qÔ Q =O k?
[. *fÔ NDP + NFIA.
141. Lù =kO û XH == # ~ O_~ q= H@ O_ LO_O> ?
[. JOu=== < fH"e (^) "__ û J=OaOKe.
142. Lù =kO û ^~ ~Q^ "x `yOKO^ fH=e# *Q` Uk?
[. ~ ^~ < P^x Q}O K@ (^) ` ^~ ` Q}O z#\H ^~ p` ~ @ K e.
143. Value Added Method(Lù =kO û ) O qxQx?
[. *f^Q}# He eg: ~ ` O`xH "_# P~ ^<.
144. [=x OÒQ LO@# O` = #O H J^ *fÔ...?
[. K~e ([=x OÒQ LO@# WO\H J^ KeO K_ . WO\ J^# *f Q}# fH"e.
nx< 'Imputed Rent' JO^~.)
145. *f^ Q}# Q$} = (Services of House wives)?
[. H OK~^. (L^ : =O@=O_@, O~H}
=O\ Q$} =# ^=~O JOK< " O
H|\ *f^Q}# fH~^).
146. `H~, J\H LO@# W, Old Paintings O\ JO# *f^Q}# ...?
[. H OK~^. Wq Second-hand goods HOkH =~. *f^=<k P O=`~O [iy#
Lùx H OK# Qx, =O^ O=`~ Lùx H OK^ .
FC
FC
z~Orq
90
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
147.
[.
148.
[.
149.
[.
150.
[.
151.
[.
152.
[.
Second-hand==

J"@_ H~ HK Hg+< ...?

*f^ Q}# fH"e. ZO^=##Q H~ JOkOK = ` O=`~xH KOk#q.
W<O@s ~Q^ (Inventories) *fÔ...?
K~e. ZO^=##Q W<O@s ~Q^ ` O=`~xH KOk#q.
Lù =kO û *f^x Q}O K@_ Z^~< =?
1. W<O@s# JOK<" _O H+O (H~}O ^~ ~Q^ =~).
2. `~ Q^ JOK< " @ H+O (H# ^~ JOK< " ? ^ Replacement =O JOK<
" J<k =).
3. q^, ~"} =O O\q JOu= == ^ =^ O`~ == JOK<" @ H+O .
4. XH == JOu==" ? ^ =^ O`~ =" J<k x~~ OK@ H+O .
5. r=<^~ ~OQO#, O`"~Ox L`` O|OkOz ~ # =K~O OH=_O^ .
qq^ ~OQ #Oz *f^xH =K "\# `H"O> U =kO û L Q_ #?
Value Add (Lù =kO) û
.
*f^xH = ~OQO JOkOK "\ `H<O^ U û *f^x =kOKe?
Value add ^ Net Product Method.
a. P^ =kO û
:
P^ =kO û H =~H ~?
Factor payment Method ^ Distributed share Method ^ Income paid Method ^ Income
received Method.
153. P^ =kO û P^x Z@ Q} ~ ?

[. Lù H~H O^ P^# K~ @ ^~ O^=K (L^ : @HO { "`< { =_ {
{ q= PÔ).
154. Lù H~H P^x Zx ~HQ ql OK=K?
[. 1) ^j H~H PÔ (Domestic Factor Income).
2) xH~ q^j H~H PÔ (NFIA).
155. ^jH~H P^x Zx ~HQ ql ~ ?
[. =_:
1) qH PÔ ^ Compensation of Employees.
2) =^# ^ P PÔ ^ Operating Surplus.
3) O`"~O #Oz aOK q= PÔ (Mixed Income of the self-employed).
z~Orq
91
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
156. Compensation of Empolyees J#Q?

[. q, L^Q `= =# JOkOz#O^Q# O^ u O.
157. Compensation of Employees Qq?
[. q, L^Q i~O 3 ~HQ LO_=K.
Z) ^=~O "`< r`.
a) =~ O KeO .
) [=#O L^QHK O H ^` KeO .
158. *f^Q}# ^=~O r` J< JO Q Qq?
[. #, Hg+<, DA, HRA, TA, LTC, Sick leave alowance `_# "`< , r`.
159. L^Q =~ O K KeO =Y"# q Uq?
[. L^Q HOkOK Lz`"^ O, q^, a_ [#O x~O, Lz` ~"}, =k< H~ O
Creches for Children of Employee etc.,
160. [=#O L^QHK O H ^` KeO L^~}?

[. [=#O L^QHK O H ^` KeO ex : PF, LIC, Gratuity O K# [=#O
JOkOK"\.
161. Operating Surplus (OS) J#Q?
[. P , ==# #Oz =K PÔ.
162. P #Oz =K P^"k?
[. q = < He LO_@= @HO, =^# O He LO_@= =_, Q# W`~ WK@=,
>O\ H~ \ #Oz =K ~bnx QO.
163. ==H ` O (Entrepreneurship) = =K u O Uk?
[. _q_O_ =i Oz@|_x .
164. _q_O_ J#Q?
[. HOh +~ ~ OK .
165. Undistributed Profits J#Q?
[. ^ O `= "Ò # +~ ~ H _q_O_ ~O Oz@=. HO` x `= =^
LOK`~. g\< Oz@|_x JO^~. nx HO` QO H~~\ \HHO^ KeO z,
HO` H~~\ ^Q LOK#.
166. q= PÔ (Mixed Income of Self-employed) J#Q?
[. HO` qH PÔ, HO` =^# PÔ He LO_k. q= PÔ J#QLù H
z~Orq
92
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
XH =H =#, =^< x JOkOK@ ^~ O^ PÔ L^ : `# O` Hx H =^ _H~

=, `# O xK ~ ` .
(nx Wage Incomex Property Income x q_n K@H+O )
167. ^j H~H PÔ ?
[. Compensation of Employees + Operating surplus + Mixed Income
168. xH~ q^j H~H PÔ J#Q ?
[. H~H# JOkOz#O^ q^#Oz Ok# PÔ ^ Q << ~ _O \ JOkOz#
H~H = KeO K PÔ. .
169. P^ =kO û *fÔ ?
[. Compensation of employees + operating surplus + Mixed Incomes + Net Factor Income From
Abroad.
170. P^ =kO û |kb KeO ^~ =z# PÔ .....?

[. *f^Q}# fH~^ L^ : =$^ OK# x~^Q$ u, q^~ ~+ , =~^ ,
H~ = O\ H$ u " s ` ` O "^Q#q.
171. |kb KeO # ZO^ *fÔ K~ ~^.....?
[. ` OII ZO\ L`^H =# JOkOK O_ P^x O^`#q H|\ K~ ~^.
172. K@ =u~H ^"x *f^Q}# .....?
[. K~ ~^. L^ : Q~ PÔ, illegal drug traders, gamblers, illegal arm dealers PÔ
q#~OKe. "i H~H K@ =u~H" # q =i Q}O x q.
173. *f~}O =_ (interst on National debt).......?
[. *f^ Q}# q#~OKe. Ò f# ~}O qxQ J=~ qxyOK#
J< " O K @= nx Ò WK =_ |kb KeO Q q~ .
174. Second hand goods, bonds, shares J=@ = =K PÔ.......?
[. *fÔ H OK~^. (ZO^=##Q ` = = LùH ZO\ H~x Wq JOkOK=.
nx H =O Ownership XHi#Oz =~HiH |kb JQ#).
175. Shares, bonds, second - hand goods J"@_ H~ fH< Hg+<. .....?
[. *fÔ K~e.
176. " \ |kb KeO *fÔ.......?
[. K~ ~^. (L^ : è^ O _ HK Pocket Money =$^ HK ^=O etc. nx _
^=O XHi#Oz =~HiH |kb JQK#k).
z~Orq
93
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
177.
[.
178.
[.
179.
[.
180.
[.
181.
[.
182.
[.
183.
[.
184.
[.
185.
[.
186.
[.
187.
[.
z~Orq
Qe"@ (windfall gains) J#Q?

@s ^~ =K PÔ. Wq JH`Q =O \~. g\x _ *fÔ K~ ~^.
H~~+< \H# *fÔ........?
O Ok# H~~+< \H QO H|\ H~~+< \H# ` HOQ *fÔ
K~e# J=~O ^ .
O^ #, |=u # J<q?
g\x ` PÔ#Oz HH ^#Oz Ke ~ . H|\ Wq *fÔ QO H=.
Imputed rent of self-occupied building, self-consumption J<q?
*fÔ K~e.
P^=kO û Z^~< =?
1. q= P^x (O` "~~O QO) Q}O K@ H+O .
2. ` ~} KeO K =_ J#`^H= x, *fÔ K~ ^ . Hx HO`=Ok PiH" `
` ~} HO` QO L`^H H~H L y~x nxx K~x qk Ozi.
3. Ja=$k ^ P^ O|OkOz ~ # Q}OH OH=.
*fÔ "`< "\, "\ `H"O> U û P^x Q}O Ke?
P^ =kO û .
. = =kO û
= =kO û H =~H~?
consumption and investment method ^ Income disposal method.
JOu= Lù K =H@ ^~ *f P^x O^ û ?
==kO û .
JOu= == K =O P^~OQ PiH ==# Zx ~HQ ql ~ .?
<Q 1) Q$~OQO 2) "~~O QO 3) `~OQO 4) Rest of the world
JOu=== K == Qq?
1) qxQ =O (Q$~OQO K =O).
2) @|_ =O ("~~O QO K =O).
3. ` =O ( ` ~OQO K =O).
4. xH~ ZQ=` (Rest of the World K =O).
" \ JOu= qxQ ==#Q?
Q$~OQO, KO Ô =xHx == (L^ : P~O), =xHQ == (L^: \.q., H~)
94
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
188.
[.
189.
[.
190.
[.
191.
[.
192.
[.
193.
[.
194.
[.
195.
[.
196.
[.
z~Orq
= (L^ : ~"}, "^ O) K =O.

#`# WO_ x~}O K =x U=OQ fO\~?
nxx qxQ =OQ fH~^. Wk _ @|_ =O QO.
`H~, ` O` =O *fÔ.....?
fH~^. (Wk ` O O=`~ Lùx `^).
@|_ =O Qq?
1) O`, ZH" O\ Lù ^~ K =O. nx< O ~ @|_ JO^~. L^ :
#`# O`, Hs ~"} ZH" O\, h\~^, _O (Dams) >e< < =O\
"\ K =O.
2) W<O@s @|_ =O L^ : =_~ x, QO ` ~ # == , J=HxH Ô Q
L# JOu= == x =~ "^Q#q. closing Stock #Oz Opening stock f"
@O
^~ nxx O^=K#.
3) ~ _x =O L^ : #`# WO_ H#Q.
^j @|_ ?
O ~ @|_ { W<O@s @|_ { ~ _x @|_.
@|_ HO` QO J~Q, `~ Q^ Qi J~# "\ #O ## K e =O k.
D ## @|_H =~H~?
`~ Q^.
@|_#O_ `~ Q^ (Replacement Investment) f" =Kk?
xH~ @|_.
xH~ @|_ ?
~ @|_ { W<O@s @|_ { ~ _x @|_ `~ Q^.
` =Ox Qq?
Z) i#, ~H}, Ou^`, q^, "^, P~Q= =O. L^Q r`, "`<,
O H ^` KeO ^~ nx JOK< "~ .
a) i#, ~H}
, Ou ^` , q^ "^ , P~Q= KOk# == H#Q =O. g\x
JOkOK@_ <==` A
= K~ H|\ =O#Oz J=H ~|_ f" xH~ =
H#Q =K#.
) J\Q xH~ q^j = = H#Q =O [~Q#.
` JOu= qxQ =O ?
L^Q i~O { ^j =~\ xH~ = = H#Q { q^#Oz xH~= = H#Q
95
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
197.
[.
198.
[.
199.
[.
200.
[.
xH~ ZQ=`#Q?
= = ZQ=` = = kQ=`.
==kO û ^j =O QOQ ZQ=`# ZO^ fH"e?
ZQ=` [iy#_ q^ ^j == =O K~ . H|\ ZQ=` ^j =O
QO.
==kO û ^j =O QOQ kQ=`# ZO^ fH"e?
kQ=` J<q PÔ Lù HH ~#\H P^ K qxQ =O QO H|\
^j =O K~e.
==kO û =~\ ^~ xH~^ j Lù ?
qxQ=O { @|_ =O { ` =O { xH~ ZQ=`
NDPMP = C + I + G + (x-m).
201.
[.
202.
[.
203.
[.
204.
[.
205
[.
206.
[.
207.
[.
208.
[.
z~Orq
=~\ ^~ xH~ ^jùH xH~ ~H # f" ?

LùH~H Ys^ ^$ xH~^ j ù (NDP ) =K#.
*f^x OÔ^ Lù H~H Ys^ ^$ xH~ ^jùH K~e# JOO?
xH~ q^jH~H PÔ (NFIA).
*fÔ C + I + G+ (x-m) + NFIA.
=^ O`~ == =O *f^ Q}#....?
H OK~^ (JOu==O Wq QO H|\ H OK~^).
=Ô`~ =x H U~_ =?
double counting = *fÔ Overestimate K |_#.
Second hand goods K =O?
*f^ Q}# fH~^.
q` O|O^ P (Financial assets) K =O ?
*fÔ H OK~^. L^ : Shares, bonds K =O. nx= Ownership =`"
|kbJQ#.
|kb KeO Ò K =O?
Wk =O QOH^. H|\ *fÔ QOH^. Wq = Lùx OK=.
~`^ O O\ Ja=$k KO^`# Ô =K~O ` H =@= U û x L yOK@
H+O?
= =kO û .
FC
96
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
209.
[.
210.
[.
211.
[.
212.
[.
213.
[.
214.
[.
215.
[.
216.
[.
217.
[.
218.
[.
219.
[.
220.
[.
z~Orq
qxQ~, @|_ ~ èO> L yOKe# û Uk?

==kO û .
PiH == " @
, ` = H "\ `H"O> U û J=~O ?
==kO û .
Ô` s` *fÔ?
*f Lù *f PÔ "Ò =O.
~`^ *f^Q}# L yOK û ?
(Q 2, 2008)
U XHû ^~ O~O Q Q}O K@ ^ . qq^~ O Q qq^ ^` L y< O.
JO> 3 ^` # L y< O.
H O^Q} OH O (CSO) PiH= =# Zx ~OQQ ql Oz#k?
3. Jq. 1. ^q H ~OQO.
2. kf ~OQO.
3. `$f ~OQO.
^q H ~OQO x JOq?
1. ==O 2. J@gO^ 3. =` O^ 4. Q# `=HO
C.S.O q[
# kf ~OQOx JOq?
1. =#HiOQ (il+~ , J<il+~ ) 2. q^` Q, h\~ ~ 3. x~}O (Qg}, @}
).
C.S.O q[
# H~O Q# `=HO ^x QO?
^q H ~OQO.
^q H ~OQO Q Q# `=Hx kf ~OQxH Ki U~_ ~OQO?
iqH ~OQO.
iqH ~OQO Qq?
(Q 2, 2008)
Q# `=HO { kf~OQO.
Q# `=HO U~OQO QO?
PiH= =# ^q H, kf, `$f ~OQQ ql , ^q H ~OQO QO.
PiH= =# ==, iqH, "~OQQ ql iqH ~OQO QO.
=#Ô Lù =kO û x UU ~OQ L y< ~?
Z) "Ò ^q H~O QO.
a) =#HiOQ ~OQO (il+~ ) .
) x~} ~OQO (@}
).
97
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
221. C.S.O q[ # `$f ~OQOQ JOq?

[. 1) =~H O , @, ~ ~ O@.
2. ~"}, x, =K~O.
3) OHOQ, c=, i Z\ , W`~ "~=.
4) =lH, =HQ ` =.
222. =#Ô P^ =kO û x U ~OQ J=Oa < ~?
[. Z) =#HiOQ ~OQO (J< il+~ ) .
a) q^`, Q, h\~ ~ .
) "Ò `$f ~OQO .
223. =#Ô ==kO û (Expenditure - cum-commodity flow method) U ~OQO
J=Oa<~?
[. x~}~OQO (Qg} OÒ).
224. *f^ Q}# Z^~ =<`H (Conceptual difficulties) =q?
[. 1) =# Q}O K =^ J< =, L^ : Q$} =.
2) =Ô`~ == QiO =.
3) H~H PÔ, H~HÔ Hxk J< QiO =.
4) W<O@s =~ Q}O K@ =.
5) `~ Q^ Q}O =.
6) P^~ OII O_ `~ "` HO =` u [iy` "\ H O =.
7) ` < =O JOK< " @ =.
225. *f^ Q}# Z^~
PK~}
`H (Practical difficulties) = q?
[. 1) ^==~\H ~O_ = =i_ ^~ qx== = = H O =.
2) =$u ` HH~ }
H =@.
3) x"kOK|_x K@= u~H ^==. L^ : #ZQ"` , #^=O.
4) x~H~ ` =# z# Lù^~ JHO\ x~OKH =@.
5) ^L ù^~ # ZQ"` `C _ H KOK@.
6) #=^y# ^ÒO H =@.
226. =i< PiH" ` H~O =, *f^Q}# ......?
[. H OK~^. (="^ ^ H OK@ ^ ).
<\ : @|_^s ^#, WO_ # =# H < ~.
z~Orq
98
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
227. Q$} =, ^xx e# W`~ = *f^ Q}# ......?

[. HOK@^. L^ : Q$} WO\=^ K `@x, KCH< ~, *fÔ
Q}O K|_^ .
228. =#Ô ^==~\H ~O_, ^" `~ =~\ [iQ qx=xH L^ : ?
[. Lù ^~_ `# O`xH qxyOKH# Lù, ~ ` O_Oz# O@ HO` Qx H
~ ` Hz "~ == # O^ = =i_.
229. =Ò~ PiH == (Parallel / Hidden economy) J#Q?
[. XH" K@| ^ ^==, =~" #^== PiH= =# #_O K@.
*f^ JOK<
230. Ò`xH ~O "^\ iQ =#Ô *f^x Q}O z#"~? (Q 2, 2008)
[. ^^ <~r.
231. ^^ <~r îH = ^#`# <H KO^ *f^ H # nx K iOK#.?
[. Poverty and Un British Rule in India.
232. ^^ <~r 186768 O=`~xH O|OkOz *f^x JOK< "# _ *f
ì P^ =~Q :?
[. ~II 340 H@ =i 20 ~II
233. <~r `~ "` *f^x JOK<"# "i =Y?
[. qeO _w, (1899), O _ +~, =i HO|\, q.H. P~.q. ~", P~.. ^. "_
=i *+, H~< =, J\<< "II"~.
234. Weath and Taxable capacity of India J< QO^x ~zOzOk ?
[. =i HO|\.
235. Consumer Expenditure In India J< QO^x ~zOz#k?
[. P~.. ^.
236. Ò`xH ~O *f^x
û JOK<"# "~ ?
[. Dr. V.K.R.V. Rao
237. Dr. V.K.R.V. Rao PiH ==# Zx ~OQQ ql OK#?
[. ~ O_ ~OQ 1. == ~OQO (==O, J_=, K , "@, Q#).
2. H~~+< ~OQO (i=, x~}O, ~"}, ` =).
238. Dr. V.K.R.V. Rao Q~ == ~OQO *f^x Q}O KO^ yOz# û ?
[. Lù û .
z~Orq
99
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
239. Dr. V.K.R.V. Rao Q~ H~~+< ~OQO *f^x Q}O KO^ L yOz# û ?
[. P^ =kO û .
240. Dr. V.K.R.V. Rao Q~ 193132 O.~xH *f^x JOK<"# _ ~` *f ì
P^?
[. ~II 1689 H@ =i 62 ~II
241. 18601945 =^ *. P~. H, =Ys, + ~` ì P^ =$kx JOK< "# _
n~H O ì P^ =$k~ @ ZO`?
[. 0.5%.
242. H, +, =Ys ì P^ =$k~ @# U QOÔ ~xi. ?
[. Frame work of Indian Economy.
243. India's National Income J< QO^ ~K~ `?
[. q.H.P~.q.~".
244. Ò`#O`~O Ô "Ò g^ *f^x
û "@" ^@ Q}O z# #`
Z=iH ^H Ok?
[. *f^ Hq\ (nx< High powered Expert committee).
245. *f^ Hq\ xqOK|_# O=`~O ?
[. 1949.
246. *f^ Hq\ J^ _, =i W`~ ?
[. .. =<c, (J^ _).
Q_ , Dr. V.K.R.V. Rao .
247. *f^ Hq\H D ~OQO JO`~f Mu QOz# Z=i O aOzOk?
[. = < *<\ , JRN < JBD _~ <.
248. *f^ Hq\ JOK< 194849 ^~ ~` *f ì P^ =~Q?
[. 8710 H@ =i 225 ~.
249. *f^ Hq\ JOkOz# x"kHx =MO?
[. 1) 195051 ==O J#|O^ ~OQ#Oz *fÔ QO "\ =O k.
2) iqH ~OQO #Oz 1/6 =O` a O k.
3) "~OQO# q#~Oz Lù ~OQO#O_ 2/3 =O` a O k.
4) "~OQO#Oz 1/3 =O` a O k.
5) NDP `~OQO JOkOK "\ 7.6%Q LOk.
z~Orq
100
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
250.
[.
251.
[.
252.
[.
253.
[.
254.
[.
255.
[.
256.
[.
257.
[.
258.
[.
259.
[.
260.
[.
261.
[.
z~Orq
H O^ Q}OH O (CSO) ^ # H~O ZK@ H^

#_b (nx XH Y HH` H^).
H O^ Q}OH O U O. #O_ *f^x National Accounts Statastics ~` K iO k?
1975 (nx< ` `=x ~ ).
` *f^ Q}# CSO U O=`~x P^~ O=`~OQ fHO@Ok?
19992000.
~R Q}OH q=~ H~}
XH U*hH, =~H U*hH `_x ikÔ ^ Z=i J^ H` # ''*f
Q}OH Hg+< xqOK|_#k?
~OQ~[<.
` O *f^x Q}O K O?
H O^ Q}OH O. (CSO)
NSS J<k (National Sample survey) U OII O
K|_#k?
1950.
NSS, J<k NSSO (National Sample survey organisation)Q ZC_ =~KOk#k?
1970.
*f^ ~Q^ ^~}
` ^~ *f^x Q} *fÔ ~Q^ U ~ O_ JO =# qÒ
H=K?
Z) = = Lù ~Q@.
a) ^~ ~Q@.
= = Lù ~Q@=# *fÔ iy#K ......?
Jk x["# / "= "# =$kx zOK#. (ZO^=##Q [ QÒ HO> JkHO Q = =
JO^@ LO\~.)
^~ ~Q^ =# *fÔ iy#K .....?
Jk "= =$kx zOK^ . (*fÔ H L# ^~ ~Q^# _\ K "= PÔH
=~e.)
"= *fÔ# Q}O z#\H Jk ^ #OQ qiOK JO" k.?
[< ~Q^ "x qiO k.
[< ~Q^ "x H H fHx "= P^x Q}O KO> ?
"= ì PÔ Q}O Ke. (Wk [ r=# =}x zO k).
101
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
262. 195051 #O_ 198081 =^ (}oH ~O" # "^\ =_ ^) ~` *f^

=$k~ @ ~ ^ ~ ZO`?
[. 3.5%.
263. "^\ =_ ^ ` =Q L# 3.5% =$k~ @# . ~*H$ + Q~ U=x "MxOK#?
[. O^ =$k~ @ (Hindu rate of growth).
264. 1980 #O_ 2000 =^ (`~" ` ~ O_ ^ HO) ~ ^~ ~` *f^ =$k~ @?
[. 5.6% (Hindu =$k~ @# JkQq OKQe y#k).
265. =#Ô W\=~ J`kH* f^ =$k~ @ #"^# O=`~O?
[. 198889 (10.3%).
266. 198889 `~ "` J`kH =$k~ @ #"^# 2= O^~ O ?
[. 200607 (^= }oH z=i O=`~O).
267. W\=~ =# Ô 9 JO`H< Z= =$k~ @ #"^# O=`~O Zx?
[. 5. (197576, 198889, 200506, 200607, 200708).
268. =#Ô U O=`~O JkH |}`H =$k~ @ #"^ J~#k?
[. 197980 (6%).
269. }oH "sQ ijeOz#_ Ju Z= =$k~ @ #"^# }oH Uk?
[. ^= }oH (7.8%).
270. Ju ` = =$k~ @ #"^# }oH Uk?
[. =_= }oH (2.6%).
271. 201011 O=`~xH JOK<" |_# =$k~ @?
[. 8.6 (Wk Q` O=`~= 8%)
272. 200910 OII ~` ì P^ =$k~ @?
[. 6.1 (Wk Q` O=`~= 4.8%)
273. ~ ^~ 200809 O=`~xH JOK< " |_# ~` ì PÔ ?
[. ~II 31,800 (200405 ^~ ).
274. ~ ^~ 200910 (Q) O=`~O ^ ì PÔ?
[. ~. 33,700
275. ` ^~ 200910 O=`~xH JOK<" |_# ^ ì PÔ?
[. ~. 46,400 =~.
z~Orq
102
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
276.
[.
277.
[.
278.
[.
279.
[.
280.
[.
281.
[.
282.
[.
283.
[.
284.
[.
285.
[.
286.
[.
287.
[.
288.
[.
z~Orq
` ^~ 201011 (A) O=`~O ^ ì PÔ?

~. 54,500 =~.
=#Ô *fÔ ~Q^ HO> ì PÔ ~Q^ ` =Q LO_\xH H~}O?
[<~Q^.
*fÔ Hx, ì PÔ Hx ~ ^ ~ HO>, ` ^~ JkHO Q LO_\xH H~}O?
^~ ~Q^.
}oH ~OO <\H (195051) *fÔ QO HO> Z= U~OQO #O_ aOKk?
^q H ~OQO (57%).
` O *fÔ J`kH "\# JOkOK ~OQO?
(Q 2, 2008)
`$f~OQO ^ "~OQO (57%).
` O *fÔ `$f~OQO #O_ = "\?
1/2 =O` HO> JkHO .
` *fÔ `$f~OQO `~ "` JkH" \# JOkOK ~ O_= ~OQO?
kf~OQO (25.76%).
*fÔ kf~OQO "\?
=~ 1/4 =O`.
*fÔ Ju ` = "\# JOkOK ~OQO?
^q H ~OQO (16.9%) 200910 <\H.
*fÔ ^q H ~OQO "\?
1/5 =O` HO> ` =.
H~ , =i *<\ iH# ^xx `#?
Ja=$k H "^@ ^q H~O QO "\ `y, kf~OQO "\ iQ#. =$k =iHO` [iy#
`~ "` ^q H~O QO "\ n~O Q `y =~OQO `#"\# i=HO> Z=Q OKHO@Ok.
` O *fÔ qq^~ O QOkOK "\# |\ J=~}H=O U qÔ Q L#k?
`$f~OQO, kf~OQO, ^q H~O QO.
~` PiH= = =z# x~}`H" # =~# ije ^ #OQ H#|_O?
*fÔ ^q H~O QO #Oz `y# "\ kf~OQOK HH `$f~OQOK s K |_#k.
(iqHH~} =O^ ^ #O_ iqHH~} ^#K~O_< iqHH~} `~"` ^
J~# "~OQO Ki#k.)
103
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
289.
[.
290.
[.
291.
[.
292.
[.
293.
[.
294.
[.
295.
[.
296.
[.
297.
[.
298.
[.
299.
[.
300.
[.
301.
[.
z~Orq
^q H ~OQO J`kH "\# JOkOK ~OQO?

==O (12%).
kf~OQO J`kH "\# JOkOK~O QO?
=#HiOQ ~OQO.
`$f~OQO J`kH "\# JOkOK~O QO?
=~H O ~"} H=xH+< (26.55%).
195051 GDP `~OQO "\ =~?
8% =~.
` ~OQO "\ GDP Z@=O\ ^~} HeL Ok?
}oH ~OO #O_ #`# PiH O~} =~ GDP `~OQO "\ ~Q` =z
(26%), O~} `~ "` ` ` `Q @
=# <=kQ ` "\ `Q ` #k. (200809
<\H 21%xH Ki#k).
<_ *fÔ J`kH "\#JOkOK~O Q" k ([=#~O Q) ? (Q 2, 2008)
" \ ~OQO (79%).
GDP `~OQ "\ JkH "\# JOkOK L~O
QO?
<< _~" O@ ZO@~* .
}oH ~O" # `~ "` #Oz GDP Qg}~OQO JOkOK "\ ^~}?
`Q ` =zOk.
` O O` "sQ K#_ GDP J`kH" \# JOkOK OÒ?
@}
OÒ (19992000<\H 52%).
CSO x~K#O H~O ==H
$ `~O Q=#Q?
XH O il~ K |__O Hh, U^< K@O HO^ #"^ J=@O Hx P, JC \x x~OK@O
Hx K Jk ==H $ `~O QO.
~`* fÔ ==H $ `~O Q "\ ^~}?
~Q` =O k. (200708 <\H 43%).
<_ *fÔ J`kH "\# JOkOK~O QO?
J==H $ `~O QO (200708 <\H 57%).
~OQ"sQ ijeOz#_ J==H $ `~O QO #Oz Z= "\# JOkOK~O QO?
==~OQO (200708 <\H 91%).
104
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
302.
[.
303.
[.
304.
[.
305.
[.
306.
[.
307.
[.
308.
[.
309.
[.
310.
[.
311.
[.
312.
[.
z~Orq
NCAER
KOk# (National Councile of Applied Economic Research)U PiH" ` Qg} GDP

=z# x~}`H=~ J^ #O Ki ?
~* H =i kd .
~* H =i kv H~O Qg} GDP ==O "\?
`Q ` =O k. (i=, = "\ ~Q` =O k).
200708 <\H Qg} GDP J`kH "\# JOkOK~O QO?
==O (42%).
200708 <\H Qg} GDP J` "\# JOkOK~O QO?
= ~OQO (28.4%).
^ GDP "^\ #O =~OQxk HQ, Qg} GDP JkH "\# JOkOK ~OQO?
==O.
P^ KH
" O :
~ O_ ~OQ #=< Q~OQ :?
Q$~OQO, O ~OQO.
P^ KH "O J#Q?
Q$~OQO JOkOK Lù H~H O ~OQO u # KeO KQ O ~OQO JOkOK = =
Q$ ~OQO u KeO K#. W ~|_, KeO ~O XH ~OQO #O_ =~H ~OQxH
PÔ =OK@" P^ KH "O.
"= "O J#Q?
Q$~OQO #Oz Lù H~H O ~OQxH, O~OQO#Oz == Q$~OQO#
=OK@ "= "O.
^="O J#Q?
O#Oz Lù H~H u Q$~OQxH, Q$~OQO #Oz == K =O,
O ~OQxH =OK@ ^="O.
~ O_~OQ PiH= = ^^ Jx " O K |_# PiH ==?
O~= PiH ==.
O~ = PiH == J#Q?
@O `= =z# PÔ JO` = = qxQO Y~ @Q O `= =z#
PÔ JO` Lù H~H =O K #. (J#Q nx ^ LO_^ .)
105
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
313. ^x ^~} ~ O_ ~OQ #=< Identies (Equations) ?

[. i) O Lù K# "Ò = = "Ò qxQO.
ii) Q$~OQO =z# Lù H~H PÔ O
K# Lù H~H KeO
iii) O PÔ Q$~OQ =O.
314. ^ J#Q?
[. @O, O `= =z# PÔ =O K~O_ LOz# QO
315. @O|~OQxH =z# PÔ HO` Qx ^ K @ =#?
[. qxQ =O `y, P^ KH "O `Q # ,
316. ^ J<k ^xH ux^ = =O k?
(Q 2, 2008)
[. P^ "x `yO K#. (Withdrawal or Leakage to Circular flow of Income)
317. @|_ J#Q?
[. Lù H U == ` W`~ == LùH ^^_ ` "\ K ==
318. =^# == ^ @|_ == =OKk.?
[. O~OQO.
319. qxQ== H, @|_ == H `_?
[. ~ O_ == # O Lù K~, Hx qxQ== # O Q$~OQxH qH~~.
@|_ == # O W`~ O qH~~.
320. @|_ J<k?
[. P^ "O PÔ# OK#. (Investment is injection to circular flow of Income)
321. =^# =~\ J#Q ?
[. O, c=O , =O\ q` O (nx Q$ K# ^ q` O K~Q q` O #O_
O |} fHx @|_ _`~).
322. Q$~OQ K ^ |}Q =i O @|_Q JOkOK =~= ?
[. =^# =~\.
323. ^ K ~ O_~OQ #=< PÔ =Ò LO_O^ x|O^# ? (Q 2, 2008)
[. ^ @|_ (S = I).
324. ^, @|_x JkQq Oz#_ (S > I)?
[. P^ "O `Q # .
325. @|_, ^# JkQq Oz#_ (I >S)?
[. P^ "O ~Q#.
z~Orq
106
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
326. =_ ~OQ PiH= = ~OQq?

[. Q$~OQO, O ~OQO, ` ~OQO.
327. Closed Economy J#Q?
[. q^j "~O x PiH= =# Cbsed Economy JO^~.
(~O_ ~OQ, =_ ~OQ #=< Closed Economy H KOk#")
328. =_~OQ PiH= = `~OQO PÔ# OkOKH< =~?
[. Q$# , O < # qkO ^~ Ok~.
329. # qkO =# P^ "O?
[. `Q # (Q$, O K =O `y =#).
330. # P^ "O# UqÔ Q xK #?
[. P^ "x `yO K#. (Leakage to circular flow of Income)
331. Ò #^~ =K# P^x UqÔ Q =OK #?
[. Q$~OQO JOkOK Lù H~H =OK @ ^~ ("`< , r`), Q$~OQO |kb
KeO WK@ ^~ (L^. OK# . x~^Q$ u, ~ +C ) J\Q O H = =#
H#Q K @ ^~ O a_# JOkOK@ ^~ Ò =O K #.
332. Ò K =O =# P^ "O?
[. ~Q# (Govt. Expenditure is injection to circular flow of Income).
333. =_ ~OQ PiH= = P^ =`xH x|O^# ?
[. ^, @|_ =#OQ LO_@` @ #, ` =O =#OQ LO_e (S=I
=i T=G).
334. |kb KeO J#Q ?
[. Wq UHH " # q. Ò #Oz O , @O ^=" LO\~ Hh @O,
O #Oz `xH "= "O LO_^ .
335. <Q~OQ PiH= = Q ~OQq?
[. @O, O , Ò, q^j"~O (Rest.of the world)
336. JO`~f "~O x PiH= =# UqÔ Q ~ ?
[. Autarky (Wk Closed Economy LO@Ok).
337. Closed Economy { JO`~f "~O ?
[. Open Economy.
z~Orq
107
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
338. < ~OQ PiH= = = =# kQ=u K HO> P^ "O?

[. `Q # (kQ=` =# XH ^ PÔ W`~^ H =OK#. e ÒQ PÔ "O
`Q#).
339. <Q ~OQ PiH= = = =# ZQ=u K P^ "O?
[. ~Q# (ZQ=` =# q^ PÔ XH Ô H =K#. e ÒQ P^ "O ~Q#)
340. < ~OQ PiH= = P^ =`xH x|O^# ?
[. ^, @|_, #, ` =O =#Ò`@ kQ=`, ZQ=` =#Ò
LO_e. (S+T+M = I+G+X)
=#"a=$k z :
341. O K"O Q =#"a=$k px ~OkOKk?
[. UNDP (United Nations Development Programme).
342. =#"a=$kx U O=`~O #O_ ~Ok< ~?
[. 1990 #O_.
343. =#"a=$kx ` ~ K @ , H~ JOkOz#k?
[. =| L H, J=~ <, iK~ *b, Q" ~h, " <^ ^.
344. =#"a=$k ~teQ Z=ix ~O\~?
[. =| LH.
345. =#"a=$k p x~}O fH< JO ?
[. =_ 1) n~H P~Q=O`" # r=#=, (nxx P~ O` Q} ~ ).
2) q*#O (JH~ `` Q} ~ ).
3) r=# =}O (nxx ì GDP` Q} ~ ).2010 HDR ì GNI x fH<#.
346. UNDP "~ ~OkOK HDI P~ # Z\#O_ Q} ~ ?
[. \#\#O_.
347. UNDP"~ fH< JH~ ` Qq?
[. Z) =[# JH~ ` ~ @ (2010 HDR Means Years of Schooling)
a) ^q H, kf, `$f #"^ x+u. (Expected Years of Schooling)
348. UNDP"~ fH< ì GDP U~O LOk?
(Q 2, 2008)
[. H#Q H =#` Q J"iH _~ (PPP US $). ( ` O ì GNI)
349. UNDP"~ HDI Q}# P~ O# Wz# Hx+, Qi+ q=.?
[. 25O., 85 O..( 2010 HDR 20, 83.2 O=`~).
z~Orq
108
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
350.
[.
351.
[.
352.
[.
353.
[.
354.
[.
355.
[.
356.
[.
357.
[.
358.
[.
359.
[.
360.
[.
361.
[.
362.
[.
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UNDP"~
JH~ ` ~ @H Wz# Hx+, Qi+ q=?

0 =i 100. ( ` O EYS 020.6, MYS 013.2)
UNDP "~ ì GDP (PPP US $) Hz# Hx+ Qi+ q=?
100 #Oz 40000 J"iH _~. ( ` O 163 #Oz 1,08,211)
JO zx Q}O KO^ L yOK Ò?
"= q= Hx+q =/ Qi+ q= Hx+q =.
HDI q= ZC_ gx=^ LO@Ok?
01 =^ LO@Ok.
HDI q= ukHQ O
K^ # 2009 HDR U qÔ Q =sHi OK#?
0.000 0.499 =^ q= He# q J=#"a=$k ^.
0.500 0.799 =^ q= He# q =^ ~ =#"a=$k ^.
0.800 0.899 =^ q= He# q JkH =#"a=$k^ .
0.900 1.000 =^ q= He# q J`kH =#"a=$k^ .
2009 =#"a=$k x"kH O K^ # < ~HQ =sHi OK#.J^#OQ Ki#k Uk?
0.900 #Oz 1.00 =^ q= He# ^# J`kH =#"a=$k He# ^x =sHi OK#.
2005 Q}OH P^~OQ ~OkOz# 2007 HDR 177 ^ ~` HDI ~OH?
128.
132.
134 (0.612).
2010 HDR ^ # OÔ ?
The Real Wealth of Nations : Pathways to Human Development
2009, 2010 =#"a=$k x"kH ^ # ~H~ ?

*x Q = <.
2010 HDR f# ^ OY?
168 SH~[qu ^ (192 Q#), OHOQ, ("Ò He 169 ^.)
2009 HDR Ja=$k KOk# ^Q "\x ~<#?
0.9 HO> Z= =#"a=$k z Q Very high human developed countries# Ja=$k KOk#
^Q eK#.
(qye# =_ ~H ^# Ja=$k KO^`# ^Q eK#.)
109
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
363. 2010 HDR "^\ 5 < Ok#^?

[. 1 <~ (0.938)
2 Pe
3 #lO_
4 J"iH
5 S~O_
364. 2010 HDR x =#"a=$k p HDI z=i 5 < Ok# ^?
[. 165 "*OaH
166 |~O_
167 <Q ~
168 _" H\H iaH P HOQ
169 lO(0.140)
365. W\=~ HDI 8 ~ "^\ #O Ok#^?
[. H #_, <~.
366. 2010 HDR HDI~O "^\ 12 ^ K@ OkOz# P Ô ?
[. [< (11= ~OH).
367. 2010 HDR HDI ~O ~`^ O HO> =OÔ[ L# ~` W~Q~Q ^?
[. K< (89= ~OH).
NOH (91= ~OH).
=b= (107= ~OH).
368. 2010 HDI ~O ~`^ O HO> "#HO[ L# ~` W~Q~Q ^?
[. H< 125
|OQ^ 129
=<~ 132
< 138
Px < 155
369. BRICS ^ HDI =OÔ[ ## Ô ?
[. Russia 65= ~OH, (Brazil -73, China - 89, South Africa - 110, India -119,).
370. ~`^ O =#"a=$k z U~HO =#"a=$k *a` H^?
[. =^ ~ =#"a=$k ^.
z~Orq
110
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
371.
[.
372.
[.
373.
[.
374.
[.
375.
[.
376.
[.
377.
[.
378.
[.
379.
[.
380.
[.
381.
[.
382.
z~Orq
2010 =#"a=$k z ~` P=}O?

64.4 O. (EYS - 10.3, MYS-4.4, ì GNI (PPP US$) 3,337)
PiH= $k, =#"a=$kH Q O|OÔ U qÔ Q LOk?
^~}OQ Z= =$kQ ^ Z= =#"a=$k, ` = =$kQ ^ ` = =#"a=$k
LO@Ok. J~` D O|OÔ Z_ W< LO@O^x K O. Hx^ JkH PiH= $k L#\H,
J=#"a=$k LO_=K. L^ : ~` ì GNI H< qÒ ` = ìGNI He L<, HDI
~`H < (119), qÒ (113) =OÔ[ LOk.
=#Ô *f =#"a=$k x"kH (NHDR) # ` ~K K iOz#k?
}oH O O (2001).
*f =#"a=$k x"kH (NHDR) HDIQ}# f# JO?
n~H =O`" # r=#O, q^^#, PiH ^# (UNDP f# JO =).
}oH O O ~OkOz# NHDR 15 ~ "^\ #O Ok# ~RO ?
H ~ (0.638).
}oH O O ~OkOz# NHDR 15 ~ z=i#O Ok# ~RO?
c~ (0.367).
*f =#"a=$k p ~` HDI q=?
2001 0.472 (1981 0.302, 1991 0.381).
2001 *f =#"a=$kx"kH PO^ ^ HDI~OH?
10= ~OH (0.416) 1981 9=#O 0.298.
1991 9=#O 0.377.
2001 10=#O 0.416.
2001 *f =#"a=$k x"kH H~O AP=#"a=$k z (WO_ ` e) ?
~` HO> (0.472), PO^ ^ (0.416) p`H =Q LOk.
(Q 2, 2008)
NHDR P~
x Z\#Oz Q}O K_O [iyOk?
1 O=`~O =#O_ P~ O fH<#. (nxH 65%, t=~} ~ @ 35% ^#`
WK#).
NHDR PiH
^# J< JOx U qÔ Q fH<#?
<i ì qxQ =O P^~OQ (Hx+O 65 ~, Qi+O 325 ~.).
2001 NHDR =#"a=$k p q= Hx+, Qi+q = gx=^ L#q?
111
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
[. 0.367 0.638 =^ Q=.

383. ~`^ O qq^ ~ UNFPA (United Nations Fund for Population Activities) "~ ` ~
K#HDI "^\ , z=i< Ok# ~?
[. "^\ #O H ~.
z=i #O c~.
384. =#Ô qq^ ~ =| L H Q}O z# HDI "^\ z=i< Ok#
~?
[. H ~, =^ ^ .
385. =| L H =#Ô qq^ ~ HDI Q}O z ^x K iOK#?
[. Human Development in South Asia 1997
386. al` Q HDI Q}# UNDP "~ fH# =_ JO` @ J^#OQ Ki# JOq?
[. r=# <}`, îH x~#, \}
H ~ }
.
387. al` Q Zx ~H =#"a=$k p# ~OkOK# (198894 =^ HO)?
[. 1) HDI P~ O, JH~ `, ì~R PÔ.
2) HDI = HDI { r=#<}`.
3) HDI = HDI {îH x~#.
4) HDI = HDI {@}
H ~ }
.
388. al` Q HDI# U QOÔ OîK#?
[. Human development of India - A Study of Inter-state disparity.
389. al` Q ~OkOz# HDI , HDI "^\ , z=i < Ok# ~ ?
[. H~, L`~^.
390. Q ~OkOz# HDI HDI "^\ , z=i < Ok#~?
[. H ~, Xi.
391. UNFPA =| L H, al` Q HDI 1 =i 2 =# ~R#=?
[. 9= ~OH.
392. Q ~OkOz#HDI =i HDI =#~RO Ok#~O?
[. 7= ~OH, 6= ~OH.
393. PO^ ^ =#"a=$k px ` ~ K# k?
[. CESS (Centre for Economic and Social Studies).
394. =#Ô }oH OO `~ KH~" U~RO "^@Q =#"a=$k px
1
z~Orq
112
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
[.
395.
[.
396.
[.
397.
[.
398.
[.
399.
[.
400.
[.
401.
[.
402.
[.
403.
[.
404.
[.
405.
[.
406.
[.
407.
z~Orq
~OkOz#k?
=^ ^ .
PO^ ^ Human Development Report (AP HDR) HDI Q}# f# JO ?
1) JH~ ` (=[# JH~ ` { ~ JH~ `).
2) P~ O, (O=`~O #O_ P~ O { Infant Survival Rate).
3) ì qxQ =O.
~R =#"a=$k p "^\ <x Ok# l ?
^~^ (0.717).
AP HDR HDI ~
O_=~OH# Ok# l
H$ (0.623).
AP HDR (2001) z=i#O Ok# l?
=| #Q~ (0.397).
AP HDR HDI ~OH 22=#O L# l?
q[#Q~O (0.402).
2001 AP HDR PO^ ^ =#"a=$k p q=?
0.537
O` "sQ ijeOz#_ ~R Q@
p HO> Z=p He# OÒ?
^H}
H OÒ.
2005 <\H PO^ ^ t=~} ~ @?
57 (1991 73, 2002 62).
H ~` e#_ ~RO t=~}~ @?
K Z=Q LOk. (2005 H ~ IMR - 14).
200405 ~RO Hi Ò?
6.6% (199394 14.8%).
2009 HDR eOQ O|O^ Ja=$k p GDI ~`~ OH?
114 (155 ^ Q#).
2009 HDR (Human Poverty Index)=#= îH p (HPI ) ~` ~OH?
88 (135 ^Q#).
PO^ ^ GDI (eOQ O|O^ Ja=$k z) "^\ ~ O_ < L# l ?
1
113
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
[. 1st - Hyderabad, 2nd - Ranga Reddy.

408. AP ~OkOz# HDR eOQ O|O^ Ja=$k p z=i#O L# l ?
[. 22 Rank - Vizianagaram, 23 - Mahabubnagar.
409. PO^ ^ l"s K#C_ =#= îH p (HPI) "^\ #O L# l (2001
<\H)?
[. Hyderabad (0.213) (2nd place Ranga Reddy).
410. PO^ ^ l "sQ K#C_ HPI z=i#O L# l?
[. q[#Q~O (0.597).
411. ~RO 2001 <\H eOQkH~` H=x p (GEMI) "^\ #O L# l?
[. H$ (0.659) (z=i #O =|#Q~ 0.546).
~Ô :
412. *f~ *f^x H O^ Q}OHO Q}O KQ =# ~RO ~^x Q}O K O
Uk?
(Q 2, 2008)
[. ~R PiH Q}OH O (Directorate of Economics and Statistics - DES).
413. XH ~R QoH i^ O=`~ HO Lù K|_# == q=# D qÔQ
~?
[. GSDP (Gross State Domestic Product).
414. H|_# q= (Gross Value Added GVA) J#Q?
[. Lù K# Jx == q=#Oz LyOz# =Ô`~ L`^H q=#
f" =Kk GVA.
GVA - Gross value of output - value of intermediate inputs.
415.
[.
416.
[.
417.
[.
418.
[.
419.
z~Orq
Gross value Added H
=~~?
GSDP (Gross state Domestic Product).
H|_# xH~ q= (Net Value Added) NVA UqÔ Q =O k?

GVA - `~ Q^ / ~
= ^# qxQq=.
H |_# xH~ q= (NVA) =~H~?
xH~~ R Lù (NSDP Net State Domestic Product).
~R ì P^x Z@ O^=K?
~R PÔ / ~R [< (^) NVA /[<.
~R Lùx (GSDP)Zx q^Q =kO K~ ?
(Q 2, 2008)
FC
114
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
[. =_ 1) Lù =kO û (Product Method.)

2) P^ =kO û (Income Method.)
3) = =kO û (Expenditure Method.)
420. AP ~R Lù =kO O^~ O Q PiH ==# Zx ~OQQ ql Ozi ?
[. 9 ^ # ~OQQ 17 L~O QQ ql Ozi.
421. ==O, +}, J_=,K , Q# `=HO, ("Ò ^q H ~OQO) il+~ =#HiOQ
~OQO` He 6 L ~OQ GSDx Q}O KO^ U û x L y< ~?
[. Lù =kO û .
422. = =kO û x U ~OQO GSDPQ}# L y< ~?
[. x~} ~OQO.
423. qye# 10 L~O Q (J< il+~ =#HiOQ, q^`, Q, h\~ ~ , "Ò "~OQO) U
û x L y< ~?
[. P^ =kO û .
424, 201011 (A) GSDP `$f ~OQO JOkOK "\?
[. =~ 53.7%.
425. 201011 (A) GSDP `$f ~OQO `~ "` JkH" \# JOkOK ~OQO?
[. ^q H ~OQO (24.5%).
426. 201011 (A) GSDP Ju ` = "\# JOkOK ~OQO?
[. kf ~OQO (21.6%).
427. *f^x ~^x ie H#_ JOO?
[. *f, ~R~ ~ O_O\# JkH" \# JOkOKk `$f~OQ" . J~` *f~ ^q H
~OQO z=i#O LO_Q, ~R ~ kf ~OQO z=i#O Q^.
428. GSDP ^q H ~OQO JkH "\# JOkOKk?
[. ==O.
429. kf ~OQO (GSDP) JkH" \# JOkOK ~OQO ?
[. =#HiOQ ~OQO.
430. ~RO #`# PiH O~} `~ "` GSDP =$k~ @ `y< , ì P^ =$k~ @ ~Q@
H~}O?
[. [< ~Q^ ~ @ ` =Q LO_@.
z~Orq
115
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
431.
[.
432.
[.
433.
[.
434.
[.
435.
[.
436.
[.
437.
201011(A) O=`~O ` ^~ GSDPZO`?

5,65,000 H@.
201011(A) O=`~O ~ ^ ~ GSDPZO`Q JOK<" |_Ok?
3,71,000 H@.
201011(A) O. ~ ^ ~ GSDP =$k~ @?
8.89 (JO` ~O =~Q 2O. 5% =$k~ @# JkQq OzOk.
201011(A) OII ` ^~ ~R ì PÔ?
60,000 =~
201011(A) OII ~ ^ ~ ~R ì PÔ?
39,200
201011(A) OII ~R ì PÔ =$k~ @? (~ ^~ )
7.97 (nx=O^ ~ O_ OII 4% Q LOk).
OII HO XH l QoH i^ Lù K |_ = = PiH q=# D qÔ Q
~?
[.
438.
[.
439.
[.
440.
[.
441.
[.
442.
[.
443.
[.
444.
[.
GDDP (Gross District Domestic Product).
z~Orq
200910 O=`~O (Q) J`kH GDDPQ l Uk ( ` ^~ )?

^~^ (~O_=k qY@O).
200910 OII (Q) J` GDDPQ l Uk? ( ` ^~ )
q[#Q~O .(~O_=k NHO)
200910 (Q) OII ~ ^~ J`kH, J` GDDPQ l?
^~^, NHO.
l Lùx, l [<K yOKQ =Kk?
l ì PÔ. (ì GDDP)
` ^~ 200910 (Q) J`kH ì PÔ He# l?
^~^ (~II 86,000/)
` ^~ 200910(Q) J` ì PÔ He# l?
NHO (~II 33,700/)
~ ^ ~ 200910 (Q) J`kH ì PÔ He# l ?
^~^ (~II 64,600/)
116
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
445.
[.
446.
[.
447.
[.
448.
[.
449.
[.
450.
[.
451.
[.
452.
[.
453.
[.
454.
[.
455.
[.
456.
[.
457.
[.
458.
[.
z~Orq
~ ^ ~ 200910 (Q) J` ì PÔHe# l ?

NHO (~II 23,000/.)
200910 OII J`kH ~R PÔ ( ` ^~ ) Q ~RO?
=~+ (~O_=#O L`~ ^ , =_=#O PO^ ^ ).
200708 OIIxH J` ~R PÔ ( ` ^~ ) Q ~RO?
H O (=K~O "# ~).
200708 OIIxH J`kH ì PÔ Q ~RO ( ` ^~ )?
Q" (~II 96,000).
^ ~ 200910 OIIxH J`kH ì PÔ He# ~RO?
~< (~II 77,800/).
200910 O=`~xH Ju ` = ì PÔ Q ~RO ( ` ^~ )?
c~ (~II 14,600/).
WO_ Ju Z= ì PÔ O^ H OêÒÒ (200910 ` ^~ )?
KO_Q ~ (~II 1,28,700/).
200809(P) OII ~RO GSDP ~ = ^# H#Ò?
29% (W^ O. Ô 35% Q LOk).
~`^ O = =#~RO U ^H O #Oz JkH =$k ~ @ #"^ K H=_O ~OaOz#k?
1980 ^H O #Oz.
9= }oH GSDP=$k~ @ ZO` #"Ô k?
5.59%.
10= }oH GSDP =$k~ @ ZO` kOK_" O k?
8.33% (*f~ =$k 7.8%HO> Z=).
201011 (A) ~R ==, iqH, "~OQ, GSDP =$k~ @ =~Q ?
==O 8.39%, i= 7.79%, = 9.61% GSDP =$k 8.89%.
~RO ~R LùH O|OkOz# Q}OH Uq^< Hi< ~?
Pq~q OK PÔ (Income Originating) û.
Pq~q OK PÔ (Income Originating) q^#O J#Q?
~R QoH Z $+O K|_ PÔ=`" H OK|_#. ~R [ W`~ ~ OkOK
117
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
459.
[.
460.
[.
461.
[.
462.
[.
463.
[.
z~Orq
PÔ nx H OK~ . PK~}

D q^#O< ~R Lù H OK|_Òk.
~R [ r=#=}x JOK< "O^ Q}O Ke#k?
~Rì PÔ.
` O ~RO ~R P^x Q}O KO^ U O=`~h P^~ O=`~OQ fO@<~?
20042005.
(Q 2, 2008)
P^~ O=`~x =~@Q H~}q?
Z) PiH= = x~}O =K =~ `H<O^.
a) JO`~f =} J#Q}OQ =~e LOk.
) J^ # ^` # "~Q~K @.
_) PiH= = "= =$kx `H#@.
2001 <\H ~RO "Ò ==O P^~_ " i Ò?
62% (nx ==^~ 22.70% HQ == q 39.60% H~).
~RO ==O P^~_ "i ^~} Z\ L#q?
==^~ Ò `Q ` ~Q, == q Ò ~Q` =O k. "Ò g^ ==O
P^~_ " i Ò `Q ` =O k.
118
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
H
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
*f^=<k
1) x
2) "O
3) x =i "O 4) UnH^
O^ J<k
1) x
2) "O
3) x =i "O 4) UnH^
XH Ô XH O=`~HO =, =^#O L yOz, [=#~ O` LùK = =
xH~ q" *f^=x x~zOz#k
1) Q
2) =~
3) = < *<\
4) *f^ Hq\
XH xs` HO XH == # ~ O_~ q=H@ O_ *Q` _ ` ` ~ # Jx == q=#
JOK<" J^ *f^=x x~zOz#k.
1) Q
2) =~
3) = < *<\
4) *f^ Hq\
''Ô L`^H =#~ ^~ [x`" , U\ `k qxQ^~# K~ = = "Ò xH~ q=# ^
=^# ~tH [`K
|_ xH~ q=# *fÔ Jx x~zOz#k.
1) Q
2) =~
3) = < *<\
4) *f^ Hq\
LùH, xH~ LùH `_
1) `~ Q^
2) xH~ ZQ=`
3) xH~ ~H #
4) xH~ q^jH~HÔ
~ =^# qxQx UqÔ Q ~
1) `~ Q^
2) xH~ ZQ=`
3) xH~ ~H #
4) xH~ q^jH~HÔ
`~ Q^ nx He LO@Ok
1) Lù
2) xH~ Lù
3) 1 =i 2
4) UnH^
XH^ QoH i^ [iQ Lù
1) ^jù
2) *fù
3) xH~* fù
4) UnH^
O=`~HO XH^ ~K K |_ Lù (Ô Qx, Ô "Qx Lù H|_=K)
1) ^jù
2) *fù
3) xH~* fù
4) UnH^
q^#Oz =K H~HÔ #Oz q^ KeO K H~H^x q#~OKQ =Kk
1) `~ Q^
2) xH~ ZQ=`
3) xH~ ~H #
4) xH~ q^jH~HÔ
^jù, *f`` =^ `_
1) `~ Q^
2) xH~ ZQ=`
3) xH~ ~H #
4) xH~ q^jH~HÔ
q^j xH~ H~HÔ ^< `H" `
1) ^jù HO> *fù Z=
2) *fù HO> ^jù Z=
3) ^jù, *fùH =#O
4) UnH^
q^j xH~H ~HÔ |}`H" `
1) ^jù HO> *fù Z=
2) *fù HO> ^jù Z=
3) ^jù, *fùH =#O
4) UnH^
1.2
14.2
z~Orq
2.1
3.2
4.4
5.3
6.1
7.1
119
8.1
9.1
10.2
11.4
12.4
13.1
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
15. q^j xH~H ~HÔ #=~`

1) ^jù HO> *fù Z=
2) *fù HO> ^jù Z=
3) ^jù, *fùH =#O
4) UnH^
16. ^jù { q^j xH~ H~HÔ (NFIA)
1) *fù
2) ^jù
3) `~ Q^
4) ì PÔ
17. *fù q^j xH~H ~HÔ (NFIA)
1) *fù
2) ^jù
3) `~ Q^
4) ì PÔ
18. O=`~HO [iQ Lùx =~\ ^~ K z =K PÔ
1) =~\ ^~ PÔ
2) LùH~H Ys^ ^$ PÔ
3) ì PÔ
4) =+ PÔ
19. Lù H~H# qH @HO, = "`# O, =^< xH =_, == xH O , # HQ =K
PÔ
1) =~\ ^~ PÔ
2) LùH~H Ys^ ^$ PÔ
3) ì PÔ
4) =+ PÔ
20. =~\ ^~ P^xH, Lù H~H Ys^ ^$ P^xH `_
1) `~ Q^
2) xH~ ~H # 3) xH~ ZQ=`
4) xH~ q^j PÔ
21. xH~ ~H##Q
1) ~H # { a_
2) ~H # a_
3) ~H # ~|_ ~H # = J =O
4) UnH^
22. =~\ ^~ PÔ #Oz xH~ ~H # q#~ =Kk
1) ì PÔ
2) =+ PÔ
3) Lù H~H Ys^ ^$ PÔ
4) GDP
23. LùH~H Ys^ ^$ P^xH xH~ ~ H # Ki =Kk
1) ì PÔ
2) =+ PÔ
3) =~\ ^~ ^$ PÔ
4) GDP
24. P^x ` O=`~ ^~ Q} =Kk
1) "" Ô
2) <==` PÔ 3) ì PÔ
4) =+ PÔ
25. *fÔ# ~ O=`~ ^~ H =Kk
1) "" Ô
2) <==` PÔ 3) ì PÔ
4) =+ PÔ
26. ~`^ O "^@ U O=`~x P^~O =`~OQ fH<#
1) 199394
2) 198081
3) 197071
4) 194849
27. ` O *f^x Q}O KO^ U O=`~x P^~O =`~OQ fO@<~
1) 199394
2) 200405
3) 19992000
4) 200809
15.3
z~Orq
16.1
17.2
18.1
19.2
20.2
21.2
120
22.3
23.3
24.2
25.1
26.4
27.2
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
28. "" ^x OÔ^ L yOK Ò

^~ z
<==` PÔ
x 100
2)
x 100
1)
^~ z
<==` PÔ
^~ z
"q H PÔ
x 100
4)
x 100
3)
^~ z
"q H PÔ
29. O=`~HO XH^ QoH i^ [iQ JOu= =, = Lùx DqÔ Q ~ .
1) GDPMP
2) GDPFC
3) GNPMP
4) GNPFC
30. =~\ ^~ ^jù H}

O
1) Wk "=#
2) nx `~ Q^ He LO@Ok
3) D Lù ^jK, q^jKQx K |_ LO_=K
4) = h
31. O=`~HO P^ ~K (Ô Qx, "Qx) LùK
|_# JOu= = =# "\
=~\ ^~ K z =Kk
1) GDPMP
2) GDPFC
3) GNPMP
4) GNPFC
32. =~\ ^~ *fùH KOk#k

1) nx `~ Q^ He LO@Ok
2) nx xH~ q^j H~HÔ KiLO_# (NFIA)
3) D Lù Ô Qx, Ô "Qx K |_ LO_=K
4) = h
33. GDPMP + NFIA
1) GDPFC
2) GNPFC
3) GNPMP
4) UnH^
34. GNPMP - NFIA
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
1) GDPFC
2) GNPFC
GDP, GNP Uk Z=Q LO@Ok
1) ^~
P^~_ #
3) xH~ ZQ=` P^~_
#
GNP > GDP
1) NFIA ^<`H"` 2) NFIA |}`H" `

GDP > GNP

1) NFIA ^<`H"` 2) NFIA |}`H" `
GNP = GDP
1) NFIA ^<`H"` 2) NFIA |}`H" `

GNP
k
1) GDP HO> q"#
3) Wk ^
O HO> ~ ^#` WK#
GDP
1) GNP HO> Oz`" #
=#
3) GNP - NFIA
28.1
z~Orq
29.1
30.4
31.3
32.4
33.3
3) GNPMP
4) GDPMP
2) NFIA P^~_
#
4) xH~ ~H # P^~_
#
(Group-II 2008)
3) NFIA #"`

4) UnH^
3) NFIA
#"`
4) UnH^
3) NFIA
#"`
4) UnH^
2) GDP + NFIA
4) =
x
2)
4)
34.4
121
~HO> ^ xH ^#`xK#
= x
35.2
36.1
37.2
38.3
39.4
40.4
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
GNP, GDP H `_
1) `~ Q^
3) xH~ ZQ=`
GDPMP #Oz `~ Q^# q#~
1) NDPFC
2) NDPMP
NDPMP + `~ Q^
1) NDPFC
2) GDPMP
GDPMP H NDPMP H `_
1) `~ Q^
3) xH~ ZQ=`
GNPMP #Oz `~ Q^# q#~
1) NDPMP
2) NDPFC
NNPMP + `~ Q^
1) GNPMP
2) GNPFC
GNPMP H NNPMP H `_
1) xH~ ZQ=`
3) NFIA (xH~ q^jH~HÔ)
NNPMP x DqÔ
Q O^=K
1) GNPMP - `~ Q^
3) GDPMP + NFIA `~ Q^
GNPMP x DqÔ
Q O^=K
1) GDPMP + NFIA
3) NDPMP + `~ Q^ + NFIA
GNPMP H GNPFC H `_
2) NFIA (xH~ q^jH~HÔ)

4) xH~ ~H #
3) NNPMP
4) NNPFC
3) GDPFC
4) NNPMP
2) NFIA (q^j xH~H ~HÔ)

4) xH~ ~H #
3) GNPFC
4) NNPMP
3) NDPMP
4) NDPFC
2) xH~ ~H
4) `~ Q^
2) NDPMP + NFIA
4) =
x
2) NNPMP + `~ Q^
4) =
h
1) `~ Q^
2) xH~ ZQ=`
3) xH~ ~H #
4) xH~ q^jH~HÔ
GDPMP H GDPFC `_
1) `~ Q^
2) xH~ ~H # 3) xH~ q^jH~HÔ 4) xH~ ZQ=`
NNPMP H NNPFC H `_
1) xH~ ZQ=`
2) `~ Q^ 3) xH~ q^jH~HÔ
4) xH~ ~H #
NDPMP H NDPFC H `_
1) xH~ ~H # 2) xH~ q^jH~HÔ 3) `~ Q^
4) xH~ ZQ=`
xH~ ~H ##Q
1) ~H # a_
2) ~H # { a_
3) xH~ ZQ=` a_
4) xH~ ZQ=` { a_
41.2
54.1
z~Orq
42.2
43.2
44.1
45.4
46.1
47.4
122
48.4
49.4
50.3
51.2
52.4
53.1
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
GDPFC =
# { a_
1) GDPMP ~H
3) GDPMP ZQ=` { kQ=`
GDPMP =
1) GDPFC ~H
# { a_
3) GDPFC ZQ=` { kQ=`
NNPFC =
1) NNPMP ~H
# { a_
3) NNPMP ZQ=` { kQ=`
NNPMP =
1) NNPFC ~H
# { a_
3) NNPFC ZQ=` { kQ=`
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.
~H # a_
ZQ=` kQ=`
2) GDPFC {
4) GDPFC +
~H # a_
ZQ=` kQ=`
2) NNPMP {
4) NNPMP +
~H # a_
ZQ=` kQ=`
2) NNPFC {
4) NNPFC +
~H # a_
ZQ=` kQ=`
^~}OQ *fÔ J#Q

1) NNPMP
60.
2) GDPMP {
4) GDPMP +
2) NNPFC
3) GNPMP
4) GNPFC
*f^=#Q
1) =~\ ^~ ^$ PÔ ~H # { a_
2) =~\ ^~ ^$ PÔ { ~H # a_
3) Lù H~H Ys^ ^$ PÔ ~H # { a_
4) Lù H~H Ys^ ^$ PÔ { ~H # a_
*fÔ #Oz H~~\ #, Oz@|_x , OH^` q~, q#~Oz
|kbKeO # Ki =Kk
1) GNP
2) GDP
3) =+ PÔ
4) =~ PÔ
Z@=O\ L`^H H~H #O_ UHH O Q O^ u # U=O\~
1) Oz@|_x
2) |kb KeO
3) H~~\#
4) "`<
|kb KeO xk
1) x~^Q$ u
2) q^~ ~+ 3) =$^ OK<
4) #
HOk "x |kbKeO Uk ?
1) i>~ # = HK OK<
2) ~}
~ K O
3) =~^ =O JOkOK O
4) = x
*f^ Q}# q#~OK|_k
1) HiHK # 2) Q$}=
3) q^~ ~+ 4) 2 =i 3
=~ PÔ J#Q
1) =+ PÔ ~H #
2) =+ PÔ ` H #
3) =+ PÔ H~~\ #
4) =+ PÔ Jx ~H #
55.1
z~Orq
56.2
57.1
58.2
59.2
60.1
61.3
123
62.2
63.4
64.4
65.4
66.2
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
67.
68.
69.
70.
71.
72.
73.
^ *f^x [<K y =Kk

1) =+ PÔ
2) =~ PÔ
3) ì PÔ
4) NNP
ì PÔ ~QO>
1) *fÔ ~Qe 2) [< `Qe
3) 1 =i 2
4) UnH^
"q H ì PÔ OÔ^
1) "= *fÔ
2) ~ ^~ ì PÔ
[<
3) <==` ì PÔ
4) = x
x 100
^~ z
ì P^ =$k~ @# OÔ^
1) *f^ =$k~ @ { [< =$k~ @
2) *f^ =$k~ @ [< =$k~ @
3) *f^ =$k~ @
4) *f^ =$k~ @ x [< =$k~ @
[<
XH^ *f^ =$k~ @ 7.8, [< =$k~ @ 1.5 HQ ì P^ =$k~ @
1) 5.2
2) 6.3
3) 9.3
4) UnH^
*f^x =kOKO^ L yOK û
1) P^=kO û 2) Lù =kO û 3) ==kO û
4) = h
Lù =kO û x DqÔ Q ~
1) value added method
2) industrial origin method
3) net output method
4) =
h
74. = < *<\ Lù =kO û x DqÔ Q K #

1) Lù û
2) Lù " û
3) "__ û 4) = _
75. XH ~OQO [iy# Lù =~H~OQO LùH~HOQ qxyOK|_#_ gross
H#Q<O^
value added
1) gross value added = gross value output + value of intermediatary inputs

2) gross value added = gross value output - value of intermediatary inputs
3) gross value added = gross value output - all inputs
76.
Gross value added
UnH^
Net value added
H `_
1) `~ Q^
2) ~ =^# qxQO 3) 1 =i 2
4) UnH^
77. Lù =kO û XH == # ~ O_~ q=H@ O_ LO_O^
1) JOu= qxQ == < H OKe
2) "__ û x J=OaOKe
3) ~ ^~ < H OKe
4) 1 =i 2
67.3
z~Orq
68.3
69.4
4)
70.2
71.2
72.4
73.4
124
74.2
75.2
76.3
77.4
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
78. Lù =kO û ^~ ~Q^ "x `yOKO^ fH=# *Q`

1) ~ ^~ Lùx Q}O K@
2) ` ^~ Q}O z#\H ^~ p` ~ @ K @
3) JOu= == # H xH fH#@
4) 1 =i 2
79. Lù =kO û *f^x Q}O K@_ fH=# *Q`
1) =^ O`~ == # K~ ~^
2) O qxQx K~e
3) ` == Lùx H OK~^
4) = x
80. P^ =kO û
x DqÔ Q ~ .
1) factor share method
3) consumption and investment method
2) distributed share method

4) 1 =i 2
81. @HO, "`< , =_, O =i q= P^ K~ @^~ U û *f^x O^=K

1) P^ =kO û 2) = =kO û 3) Lù =kO û
4) "__ û
82. q= P^=#Q
1) ^, q^#Oz =K PÔ
2) O` P , O` =^# O =K u O, `< qxQ xK =K "`# O
3) qx "`< , L^Q x r`
4) UnH^
83. HOk"x qx PÔ QO
1) #, O H ^` KeO ` _# "`< , r`
2) [=x L^Q x HK O H ^` KeO
3) O L^Q x HOkOK Lz` q^, "^ O, =, W`~ ^
4) = x
84. =^# PÔ Q=
1) _q_O_
2) # qkOKH ~O Oz@|_x
3) ^ _l@, O_ =_, "}[ O xH~= _
4) = x
85. P^ =kO û q#~OK JOO
1) |kb KeO ^~ =K PÔ
2) Qe"@
3) K@= u~H ^=O
4) = x
86. P^=kO û Q}# K~ =# JOO
1) @s= =z# "Ò
2) yOQ PÔ
3) OÒQ LO@# aeOQ KeO K=# @HO
4) x~^Q$ u
87. = =kO û
H =~H ~
88.
1) Income disposable method

3) Final product method
= =kO û GDP QO
1) C + I + G
3) C + I + G + (X - M) + NFIA
78.4
z~Orq
79.4
80.4
81.1
82.2
83.4
2) Consumption and Investment method

4) =
h
2) C + I + G + (X - M)
4) Jx
84.3
125
85.4
86.3
87.4
88.2
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
89.
90.
xH~ ZQ=` J#Q

1) ZQ=` { kQ=`
3) ZQ=u PÔ #O_ kQ=u =O q#~ =Kk
= =kO û GNP Q
1) C + I + G
3) C + I + G + (X - M) + NFIA
91.
92.
93.
94.
95.
96.
97.
98.
99.
2) ZQ=` kQ=`
4) ZQ=` #
2) C + I + G + (X - M)
4) C + I + G + (X - M) - NFIA
PiH == [iQ "Ò ^j =O

1) qxQ =O (C), "
\ =O (I), ` =O (G)
2) qxQ =O (C), "
\ =O (I), ` =O (G), xH~ q^j =O (X - M)
3) qxQ =O (C), "\ =O (I), ` =O (G), q^j =O (X - M), q^j xH~ H~H =O
4) =
h
= =kO û P^x Q}O K@_ fHx JOO
1) +~, O_ K =O
2) H O_ O_ Q_ K =O
3) |kb KeO K =O
4) = x
*f^ Q}# q#~OK=#k
1) @s ^~ =K PÔ
2) ` OÒ Jq` =K PÔ
3) +~ J=HO =# =z# PÔ
4) = x
*f^ Q}# HOk "x fH=# JOO Uk ?
1) +~ J"@_ U*O\ f< Hg+<
2) ` H~ J"@_ U*O\ Hg+<
3) OH~ [_H K rÒ
4) = x
(Group-II 2008)
~`^ O U û *f^x Q} < ~
1) P^ =kO û
2) = =kO û
3) Lù =kO û
4) = x
H O^ Q}OH O (CSO) PiH ==# Zx ^ # ~OQQ ql OzOk
1) 2
2) 3
3) 4
4) 5
''HO^ Q}OH O (CSO) PiH ==# 3 ^ # ~OQQ ql Oz#k. Jq
1) ==, iqH, "~OQ
2) ^q H, kf, `$f ~OQ
3) @O|, O , ` ~OQ
4) ^j, q^j, ^ ~OQ
^q H ~OQO Q" # JOO
1) ==O
2) J@gO^, =` O^
3) "x OQ =i Hi~OQ
4) = x
CSO q[
# Q kf ~OQO Q
1) =# HiOQ
2) q^`, Q, h\ ~ ~
3) x~}=
4) = x
89.2
z~Orq
90.3
91.2
92.4
93.4
94.4
95.4
126
96.2
97.2
98.4
99.4
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
100. iqH ~OQO J#Q

1) kf ~OQO { Q# `=HO
2) ^q H ~OQO { Q# `=HO
3) kf ~OQO { =~H O , @, ~ ~ O@ 4) = x
101. Q# `=HO nx QO
1) ^q H ~OQO
2) kf ~OQO
3) `$f ~OQO
4) = x
102. Q# `=HO nx QO
(Group-II 2008)
1) == ~OQO
2) i= ~OQO
3) = ~OQO
4) = x
103. Q# `=HO nx QO
1) ^q H ~OQO
2) i= ~OQO
3) = ~OQO
4) 1 =i 2
104. ~`^ O Lù =kO û U ~OQO J=Oa < ~
1) ^q H ~OQO
2) i[+~ =#HiOQ ~OQO
3) x~} ~OQO (@}
)
4 = x
105. P^ =kO û ~`^ O UU ~OQO J=Oa < ~
1) J< il~ =#HiOQ ~OQO
2) q^`, Q, h\ ~ ~
3) " ~OQO
4) = x
106. ~`^ O ==kO û x U ~OQO J=Oa < ~
1) x~}= (@}
)
2) x~}O (Qg}O`)
3) =#HiOQ (il+~ )
4) =#HiOQ (J< i[+~ )
(Group-II 2008)
107. ~`^ O *f, ì P^# "^\ iQ Q}O z#k
1) ^^ <~r
2) P.C. = <a 3) V.K.R.V. ~=
4) J\<<
108. ^^ <~r îH = ^#`# <H KO^ *f^ H # nx K iOK#
1) Poverty and un British Rule in India
3) National Income in India
2) Poverty in India
4) Planning and the poor
109. ^^ <~r 186768 O=`~xH O|OkOz *f^x JOK<"# _ *f, ì

P^ =~Q
1) ~II 1689 H@, ~II 62
2) ~II 250 H@, ~II 30
3) ~II 240 H@, ~II 25
4) ~II 340 H@, ~II 20
110. Ò`xH ~O *f^x JOK< "# "~
1) qeO_w
2) O _ +~
3) P~..^
4) " ~O^~
111. "Wealth and Taxable capacity of India" J< QOÔ *f^x JOK< "# "~
1) qeO_w
2) H .\. =i HO|\
3) R.C. ^
4) V.K.R.V. ~=
112. "Consumer Expenditure in India" J< QOÔ
*f^x JOK<"# k
1) qeO_w
2) H .\. =i HO|\ 3) R.C. ^
4) V.K.R.V. ~=
100.1 101.1 102.2 103.4 104.4 105.4 106.2 107.1 108.1 109.4 110.4 111.2 112.3
z~Orq
127
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
113.
Ò`xH ~O *f^x
û JOK<"# #` giH ^H Ok
1) ^^ <~r
2) V.K.R.V. ~=
3) P.C. = <a 4) R.C. ^
114. V.K.R.V. ~= JOK< (193132 OIIH) ~` *f, ì P^ =~Q
1) ~II 340 H@, ~II 20
2) ~II 1689 H@, ~II 62
3) ~II 8,710 H@, ~II 225
4) ~II 2,364 H@, ~II 74
115. V.K.R.V ~=Q~ *f^x Q}O
KO^ L yOz# ^`
1) Lù û =`" 2) Lù, P^ û
3) Lù, =û
4) P^, = û
116. Ò`#O`~O Ô "`xH *f^x Q}O z# *f^ Hq\ J^ _
1) .. = <a 2) _.P~. Q_
3) q.H.P~.q. ~=
4) = < *<\ .
117. ~` Ò ''*f^ Hq\x (High powered expert commettee) xqOz# O=`~O
1) 1949
2) 1951
3) 1954
4) 1965
118.
*f^ Hq\H D ~OQO JO`~f Mu Q_O z# gi O aOzOk

1) =< *<\
2) J.R.N. <
3) _~<
4) =Q~
119. 194849 O=`~xH *f^ Hq\ JOK< "#
_ ~` ì PÔ
1) ~II 20
2) ~II 62
3) ~II 225
4) ~II 2,225
120. HO^ Q}OH O (CSO) H ^ # H~O ZK@ H^
1) =O~
2) #_b
3) HH`
4) <
121. HO^ Q}OH O (CSO) *fÔ# "National Accounts Statastics" (NAS) ~` Z\#Oz
KiOk
1) 1975
2) 1985
3) 1970
4) 1980
122. 1975 #Oz H O^ Q}OH O K iOK "National Accounts Statastics" # D qÔ Q ~
1) White paper
2) Blue paper
3) Yellow paper
4) Red paper
123. ~+ Q}OH q=~ H~} XH U*hH, =~H U*hH `_x ikÔ^ Z=i J^H`# ''*f
Q}OH Hg+< xqOK|_Ok
1) J=~ <
2) ~OQ~[<
3) ~ >O_~
4) ~=
124. ` O Ô *f^x H OKk
1) NSSO
2) CSO
3) Planning Commision
4) Finance commision
125. *f^x Q}O K@_ Z^~< =

1) = H O =
2) ^= =~\H ~x = = =
3) P^ H H=OQ x~OKH =@ 4) = x
126. D JOO ^~ *f^ =Y`# Q OK=K
1) PiH == =K ==~ " # =~ Q OKO^
2) qq^ ^ PiH u Q` iO^
3) XH^ O "~ "~ H PiH ~Qa=$kx iO^
4) = x
113.2 114.2 115.2 116.1 117.1 118.4 119.3 120.2 121.1 122.1 123.2 124.2 125.4
126.4
z~Orq
128
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
127. 1950 #Oz 1980 =^ HO ~` *f^ =$k~ @ =~ 3.5% =`" LO^x "MxOz#k
1) ^^ <~l 2) ..= <a 3) ~ ~*H$ +
4) ~OQ~[<
128. O^ =$k~ @ J#Q
1) "^\ =_ ^ HO *f^ =$k~ @ 3.5% LO_@
2) "^\ =_ ^ HO *f^ =$k~ @ 4.5% LO_@
3) "^\ =_ ^ HO *f^ =$k~ @ 5.5% LO_@
4) "^\ =_ ^ HO *f^ =$k~ @ 6.5% LO_@
129. =#Ô W\=~ *f^ =$k~ @ J`kHO Q #"^# O=`~O
1) 200607
2) 200506
3) 200708
4) 198889
130. ~ ^~ 198889 *f^ =$k~ @
1) 10.3%
2) 9.7%
3) 12%
4) 13%
131. 198889 `~` J`kH =$k~ @ #"^# 2= O^~ " k ?
1) 200607
2) 200506
3) 200708
4) 198889
132. W\=~ =#Ô 9%, JO`HO > Z=Ò =$k #"^# O^~
1) 2
2) 3
3) 5
4) 6
133. =#Ô U O=`~O Ju Z= |}`H =$k~ @ #"Ô k
1) 197980
2) 197273
3) 196566
4) 195758
134. }oH "sQ ijeOz#_ Ju Z= =$k~ @ #"^# }oH
1) 1=
2) 8=
3) 9=
4) 10=
135. Ju ` = =$k~ @ #"^# }oH Uk ?
1) 1=
2) 2=
3) 3=
4) 9=
136. 201011 O=`~O JOK<" |_# =$k~ @
1) 5.7%
2) 8.6%
3) 7.7%
4) 9.5%
137. ~ ^~ ~` ì PÔ 200910 O=`~O JOK<" |_# "Ò
1) =~ ~II20,000
2) ~II33,000 3) ~II28,000
4) ~II50,000
138. 201011J_<_ JOK< ` ^~ ~` ì PÔ
1) ~II60,000
2) ~II54,000
3) ~II29,000
4) ~II31,000
139. 200910 ` ~ JOK< ~ ^~ ~` *fÔ
1) 29,00,000 H@ 2) 39,00,000 H@ 3) 35,00,000 H@ 4) 45,00,000 H@
140. ` ^~ 200910 O=`~xH JOK<" |_# ~` ì PÔ
1) ~II 40,000
2) ~II 46,000
3) ~II 54,000
4) ~II 39,000
(Group-II 2008)
141. ` O *fÔ J`kH "\#OkOK ~OQO
1) ^q H ~OQO
2) kf ~OQO
3) `$f ~OQO
4) xH ~OQO
142. ` O *fÔ `$f~OQO #Oz = "\ =~ (Group-II 2008)
1) 50 Ò #
2) 60 Ò #
3) 70 Ò #
4) 80 Ò #
127.3 128.1 129.4 130.1 131.1 132.3 133.1 134.4 135.3 136.2 137.2 138.2 139.2
140.3 141.3 142.1
z~Orq
129
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
143. ` O *fÔ qq^ ~OQ JOkOK "\# |\ J=~} H=O

1) ^q H, kf, `$f ~OQ
2) kf, ^q H, `$f ~OQ
3) kf, `$f, ^q H ~OQ
4) `$f, kf, ^q H ~OQ
144. 195051 *fÔ J`kH "\#OkOK ^q H~O QO H <\ #O
1) ^= #O
2) kf #O
3) `$f #O
4) K =
145. L~O Q "sQ ijeOz#_ *fÔ J`kH "\# JOkOK ~OQO
1) ==O
2) =#HiOQ
3) =~H O , @, ~"}, =K~O
4) < <, c=, i Z\
146. 200910 (Q) ` ~ JOK< *fÔ ^q H~O QO "\ =~
(Group-II 2008)
1) 17%
2) 25%
3) 30%
4) 35%
147. *fÔ ^q H~O QO "\
1) 1/4= =O`
2) 1/5= =O`
3) 1/3= =O`
4) 1/2= =O`
148. *fÔ J@gO^ "\ =~
1) 5%
2) 4%
3) 6%
4) 1% HO> ` =
149. *fÔ 200607 <\H =#HiOQ "\ =~
1) 15%
2) 20%
3) 25%
4) 10%
150. 195051 GDP `~OQO "\ =~
1) 5%
2) 8%
3) 10%
4) 15%
151. #`# PiH O~} =~ GDP `~OQO "\
1) `Q ` =zOk
2) ~Q` =zOk 3) ~ O Q LOk
4) UnH^
152. <\ H *fÔ J`kH "\ D ~OQO #Oz ==Òk
1) " \ ~OQO
2) ` ~OQO
3) q= ~OQO
4) xH ~OQO
153. GDP `~OQO "\ JkH "\# JOkOKk
1) ` #
2) _~" O@ ZO@~ *
3) << _~" O@ ZO@~ *
4) UnH^
154. }oH ~O= ~# `~ "` GDP Qg}~OQO JOkOK "\
1) `Q ` =zOk
2) `Q ` #\H QO HO> Z= "\# JOkO k
3) `Q ` =K@ HH QO HO> ` = "\# JOkO k
4) ~Q` =zOk
155. Ò GDP Z= "\# JOkOK ~OQO
1) Qg}~OQO
2) @}
~OQO
3) "\e\< \ 4) xH ~OQO
156. ''HO^ Q}OH O H~O XH O U^< K@O HO^ #"^~ LO_@Qx, u O=`~O P J
\ x ` ~K O _@O Qx K O
1) J==H $ ` ~OQO 2) ==H $ ` ~OQO
3) O` "~O
4) UnH^
143.4 144.3 145.3 146.1 147.2 148.4 149.1 150.2 151.2 152.1 153.3 154.3 155.2
156.2
z~Orq
130
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
157. Ò`#O`~O NDP ==H $ ` ~OQO "\

1) ~Q` =zOk
2) ~Q` =# \H NDP QO HO> ` =Q LOk
4) `Q ` =O k
3) ~Q` =# \H NDP QO HO> Z=Q LOk
158. ~OQ "sQ ijeOz#_ *fÔ Ju ` = "\ U ==H $ ` ~OQO #Oz a O k
1) ==~OQO
2) i= ~OQO
3) "~OQO
4) 2 =i 3
159. Qg} GDP =z# x~}`H =~# J^ #O K# "~. (NCAER H KOk#"~)
1) J|O =i Q~q
2) =O^^" =i ~q
3) ~* H =i kd
4) " ~O^~
160. 200708 <\H Qg} GDP J`kH "\# JOkOK ~OQO
1) ==O
2) i=
3) =
4) xH~O QO
161. 200708 <\H Qg} GDP J` "\# JOkOK ~OQO
1) ==O
2) i=
3) =
4) xH~O QO
162. Qg} GDP x~}`H" #
=~
1) Oq < ~
2) Oq OK^
3) Oq # \H ==" ^= #O LOk
4) Oq # \H =~OQO ^= #O LOk
163. ~
O_ ~OQ #=< (Two sector Model) ~OQ
1) ^j~OQO, q^j~OQO
2) ==~OQO, iqH~O QO
3) ^~OQO, @|_~O QO
4) Q$~OQO, O ~OQO
164. ~
O_ ~OQ PiH == (Two sector Model) O|OkOz H}
"k
1) xq` PiH == (closed economy)
2) ` # LO_^
3) D #=< "" xH ^~OQ LO@Ok
4) = x
165. ~ O_ ~OQ #=< Q$~OQO #Oz Lù H~H O ~OQxH =OKQ, O ~OQO #Oz
= = Q$~OQxH =OK_x
1) "= "O
2) ^= "O
3) Lù H~H, = =~\
4) 1 =i 3
166. ~ O_ ~OQ #=< O #Oz @O H~H u =OKQ, @O #Oz O
= = =O =OK_x D qÔ Q ~
1) "= "O
2) ^= "O
3) H~H =i = = K = "O
4) 2 =i 3
167. ~ O_ ~OQ #=< @O, O `=Hz# P^#O` =O K O_ ^K u
1) O~ = PiH ==
2) q` = PiH ==
3) ^, @|_ PiH ==
4) 2 =i 3
157.2 158.1 159.3 160.1 161.3 162.3 163.4 164.4 165.4 166.4 167.4
z~Orq
131
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
168.
~ O_ ~OQ #=< ^ J<k

(Group-II 2008)
1) P^ "x `y O k (leakage to circular flow of income)
2) P^ "x OKÒk (Injection to circular flow of income)
3) P^ "x OK# =i `yO
K#
4) =O K^
169. ~
O_ ~OQ #=< @|_
1) P^ "x `y O k (leakage to circular flow of income)
2) P^ "x OKÒk (Injection to circular flow of income)
3) P^ "x OK# =i `yO
K#
4) =O K^
170. ~
O_ ~OQ #=< PÔ =Ò LO_O^ x|O^#
(Group-II 2008)
1) ^ > @|_ (S > I)
2) @|_ > ^ (I > S)
3) ^ @|_ (S = I)
4) ^ @|_ XH\ H =#O H"e
171. PiH ==
@|_ HO> ^ Z"# _ P^ "O
1) `Q #
2) ~Q#
3) =Ò LO_# 4) ZO\ =O K^
172. PiH == ^HO> @|_ Z"# _ P^ "O
1) `Q #
2) ~Q#
3) =Ò LO_# 4) ZO\ =O K^
173. =_ ~OQ #=< (Three sector model) Q
1) Q$~OQO, O ~OQO, `~OQO
2) Q$~OQO, O ~OQO, q^j~OQO
3) Q$~OQO, O ~OQO, ^~OQO
4) Q$~OQO, O ~OQO, @|_~O QO
174. =_ ~OQ PiH ==
(Three sector model) Q$, O # Ò # qkOK@ =#
P^ "O
1) `Q #
2) ~Q#
3) `y, ~Q#
4) =O K^
175. # P^ "xH DqÔ
Q xK #
1) Leakage to circular flow of income
3) Both leakage and Injection
2) Injection to circular flow of income

4) None of the above
176.
Ò #^~ =K# P^x H~H =, == # =i |kb KeO # =O

K @=# P^ "O
1) ~Q# (Injection)
2) `Q #
(leakage)
3) `Q #
=i ~Q# (both leakage and injection)
4) UnH^
177. |kb KeO
QO
1) ~}
~ O 2) *f ~}O =_ 3) 1 =i 2
4) 1H^, 2H^
178. |kb KeO O|OkOz#k
1) Ò #Oz Q$, O PÔ =OK#
2) Q$, O #Oz `xH ZO\ "= "O LO_^
3) Wq UHH KeO
4) = h
168.1 169.2 170.3 171.1 172.2 173.1 174.1 175.1 176.1 177.3 178.4
z~Orq
132
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
179. =_~OQ PiH= = i #^k

1) ` # P^ "x `yO K#
2) `=O, |kb KeO P^ "x OK#
3) `xH =z# # PÔ, "Ò =O K |_` P^ "O =Ò LO_#
4) = x i #"
180. HOk"x i #k
1) q^j "~O K x PiH ==# closed economy JO^~
2) q^j "~O HeyL# PiH ==# open economy JO^~
3) open economy Q$, O , `, q^j~OQO\~
4) = x i #"
181. Open economy H =~H~
1) ~ O_~OQ PiH= =
2) =_~OQ PiH= =
3) <Q~OQ PiH= =
4) 1 =i 2
182. <Q~OQ PiH == ZQ=u, kQ=` DqÔ Q xK #
1) leakage and injection
3) only leakage
2) injection and leakage

4) only injection
183. <Q~OQ #=< P^ =`xH LO_=# x|O^#

1) ^ @|_
2) # ` =O, |kb KeO
3) kQ=` ZQ=`
4) =_
184. =#"a=$k zx ~OkOKk (HDI)
1) UNO
2) UNDP
3) WHO
4) WTO
185. U O=`~O #O_ HDI x ~Ok< ~

1) 1979
2) 1989
3) 1990
4) 1999
186. HDI ~H # H$+K # "~
1) J=~ <
2) =|LH
3) " <^ ^ =i Q" ~}
4) "~O^~
187. =#"a=$k z (HDI) ~teQ gix ~
1) =|LH
2) J=~ <
3) " <^ ^
4) Q" ~}
188. HDI Q}# f< JO
1) O H JO
2) PiHO
3) O H, PiHO 4) UgH=
189. HDI Q}# fHx JOO
1) q^ O|O^ JOO
2) P~Q O|O^ JOO
3) P^ O|O^ JOO
4) =` O|O^ JOO
190. HDI Q}# x JOO (Group-II 2008)
1) P~ O
2) t =~}~ @
3) JH~ `
4) ì PÔ
179.4 180.4 181.3 182.2 183.4 184.2 185.3 186.4 187.1 188.3 189.4 190.2
z~Orq
133
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
191. UNDP "~
~OkOz# HDI H O|OkOz iHx^k

1) \# \#Oz P~ x Q} ~
2) =[# JH~ ` 2/3= =O` ^#` W=|_Ok
3) q^~OQO L=_ #"^ ~ @ 1/3= =O` ^#` W~
4) ì P^x qx= ~ @ Q J"iH _~ Q} ~
192. UNDP "~ ~OkOK HDI ì P^x DqÔ
Q fO\~ (Group-II 2008)
1) ì GDP
2) ì GNP
3) qx= ~
@H~O J"iH _~ ì GDP
4) H#Q H
= #` (PPP) Q J"iH _~ ì GDP
193. HDI Q}# XHH JOxH JO
p UqÔ Q Q} ~
1) "= q= Hx+q =
2) "= q= { Hx+q =
Qi+q = Hx+q =
Qi+q = Hx+q =
3) "= q= { Hx+q =
2) "= q= Hx+q =
Qi+q = { Hx+q =
Qi+q = { Hx+q =
194. UNDP "~ ~OkOK HDI P~ z Hx+, Qi+ q=
1) 25 OII, 85 OII
2) 85 OII, 25 OII
3) 28 OII, 77 OII
4) 77 OII, 28 OII
195. UNDP "~ ~OkOK HDI ì GDP (US$ PPP) Hx+ Qi+ q=
1) 100 40,000
2) 40,000 100
3) 200 30,000
4) 30,000 200
196. UNDP "~ ~OkOK HDI q= Z_ DqÔ Q LO@Ok
1) 01 =^ LO@Ok
2) 0100 =^ LO@Ok
3) 00.5 =^ LO@Ok
4) 01000 =^ LO@Ok
197. HDI q= H~O O
K^ =sH~ }
i #k
1) 0.000 0.499 =^ q= He# q J =#"a=$k ^
2) 0.500 0.799 =^ q= He# q =^~ =#"a=$k ^
3) 0.800 1.00 =^ q= He# q JkH =#"a=$k ^
4) Jx i #"
198. 2007 Q}OH P^~OQ ~OkOz# 2009 HDR O|OkOz iHxk
1) J`kH, JkH, =^~, J =#"a=$k ^x =sHi OK_" O k
2) 2009 HDR 182 ^# fH=_" O
k
3) 0.900 1.00 =^ q= He# ^# J`kH =#"a=$k^ O^~
4) nx WO_ 132= ~OH# Ok#k
199. 2008 HDR 179 ^ fO> WO_
~OH
1) 126
2) 128
3) 132
4) 134
191.4 192.4 193.1 194.1 195.1 196.1 197.4 198.4 199.3
z~Orq
134
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
200. 2009 HDR
182 ^ fO> WO_ #O.

1) 132
2) 134
3) 128
4) 126
201. 2010 HDR z=i#O Ok# Ô
1) ~e<
2) lO
3) =e
4) Px <
202. 2010 HDR WO_
#O
1) 132
2) 119
3) 128
4) 126
203. 2010 HDR "^\, z=i < ^ q=
1) 0.968, 0.366
2) 0.938, 0.140
3) 0.968, 0.340
4) 0.971, 0.366
204. 2010 HDR ~`^
HDI q=
1) 0.609
2) 0.519
3) 0.619
4) 0.610
205. 2010 HDR "^\ 12 ^ #O OkOz# P
Ô
1) K<
2) [<
3) ^H}
Hi
4) OQ ~
206. 1990 #Oz <\ =
~ HDI Z=~ "^\ <x Ok#Ô
1) <~
2) SO_
3) H #_
4) 1 =i 3
207. ~`^ O HO> =#"a=$k ~OH =O^# ^
1) K<
2) =b=
3) NOH
4) = x
208. ~`^ O HO> =#"a=$k ~OH "#HO[ L# ^
1) <
2) q<~
3) H<
4) = x
209. 2010 HDR J`kH, JkH, =^~, J =#"a=$k ^ =~Q
1) 42, 43,42, 42
2) 45, 38, 75, 24
3) 45, 38, 24, 75
4) 38, 45, 24, 75
210. BRICS (l, ~, WO_ , K< , ^H}
H ) ^ =#"a=$k =O^# Ô
1) l
2) ~
3) WO_
4) K<
211. ~`^
xH ~Q## HOk ^ =#"a=$k =O^# Ô
1) =b=
2) NOH
3) \<
4) =#~
212. 2010 '=#"a=$k x"kH HDI ~O ~`^
xH =O^ (118), `~` (120) Q ^
1) =< n=, "
2) \<, "
3) H =~ , `= ~
4) ", \<
213. 1980 #O_ 2010 =^ ~` HDI q= ZO` iyOk.
1) 0.4200.519
2) 0.3200.519
3) 0.4200.612
4) 0.3100.516
214. '=#"a=$kH O|OkOz HOk "H i # "HO
1) ^~}OQ JkH PiH= $k Q ^ JkH =#"a=$k LO@Ok
2) Hx^ JkH PiH= $k L#\H '=#"a=$k ` =Q LO_=K
3) 1 =i 2 i #"
4) 1 =i 2 i #q H=
200.2 201.2 202.2 203.2 204.2 205.2 206.4 207.4 208.4 209.1 210.2 211.2 212.3
213.2 214.3
z~Orq
135
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
215.
216.
217.
218.
*f =#"a=$k x"kH# =#Ô ~OkOz#k

1) q`
O O
2) }oH O O
3) CESS
4) NCAER
}oH O O ~OkOz# *f =#"a=$k x"kH "^\ #O Ok# ~+O
1) O*
2) `q<_
3) =~+
4) H ~
}oHO O ~OkOz# *f =#"a=$k x"kH 15 ~ z=i <x Ok# ~+O
1) c~
2) JO
3) L`~ ^
4) =^ ^
*f =#"a=$k x"kH HDI Q}# f# JO
a) \#
\#Oz P~ O
b) O=`~O #Oz P~ O =i t=~}~
@
c) x` q^ ^#`x 7 OII #
#"i JH~ `
d) "=
ì qxQ =O
1) a, c, d
2) b, c, d
3) a, b, d
4) a, b, c
219. 2001 ''*f=#"a=$k x"kH 2001 OIIxH ~`=
#"a=$k p q=
1) 0.302
2) 0.381
3) 0.472
4) 0.416
220. 2001 ''*f =#"a=$k x"kH PO^ ^
#O =i p q=
1) 9 (0.424)
2) 10 (0.416)
3) 9 (0.377)
4) 10 (0.298)
(Group-II 2008)
221. 2001 ''*f =#"a=$k x"kH H~O PO^ ^ =#"a=$k p q=
1) ~`^ O HO> Z=
2) ~`^ O HO> ` =
3) ~`^ O ` =#O
4) ~`= #"a=$k p QO
222. 1981, 1991, 2001 ''*f =#"a=$k x"kH HDI A.P ~O =~Q
1) 8, 9, 10
2) 9, 9, 10
3) 10, 10, 10
4) 12, 11, 10
223. *f =#"a=$k x"kHx JO O|OkOz iHxk
1) PiHO
Q "~Q_# ~ =#"a=$k _ "~Q LOk
2) =^ P^ ~ PiH=
$kH, =#"a=$kH J#= O|OÔ +O Q H#_ ^
3) ~=^ P^ J=#` HO> HDI J=#` ` =Q L<~
4) 2001, HDI q= 0.638 #Oz 0.467 =^ LOk
224. qq^ ~ =#"a=$k px Q}O
z#"~
1) UNFPA
2) =|LH 3) al` Q
4) =Q~
225. =#Ô
qq^ ~ UNFPA "~ Q}O z# HDI "^\ , z=i < Ok# ~
1) H ~, c~
2) H ~, =^ ^
3) H ~, L`~ ^
4) H ~, Xi
226. =#Ô
qq^ ~ =|LH Q}O z# HDI H O|OkOz iHxk
1) Human Development in South Asia 1997 J< QOÔ
K iOK#
2) =|LH Q}# "^\
#O Ok# ~+O H ~
3) H Q}# z=i#O Ok# ~+O
=^ ^
4) H '25 ~ HDI x Q}O
K#
227. al` Q HDI Q}# UNDP "~ f# =_ JO`@ J^#OQ Ki# JOO
1) r=# <}`
2) îHO
3) @}
H ~ }
4) = h
215.2 216.4 217.1 218.2 219.3 220.2 221.2 222.2 223.4 224.4 225.1 226.4 227.4
z~Orq
136
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
228.
al` Q ~OkOz# HDI #, ^xx JO# [`K

O_.
A) HDI1
1) JH~
`, P~ O, ì PÔ
B) HDI2
2) JH~
`, t =~}~ @, P~ O
C) HDI3
3) JH~
`, P~ O, ì PÔ, r=#<}`
D) HDI4
4) JH~
`, P~ O, ì PÔ, r=# <}`, îH x~#
5) HDI3 + @}
H ~ }
1) A B C D
2) A B C D
3) A B C D
4) A B C D
1 2 3 4
1 4 3 5
1 3 4 5
1 3 2 5
229. "A study of Inter State Disparity" QO^x ~zOz#k
1) UNFPA
2) =|LH 3) al` Q
4) r<, _*
230. Q ~OkOz# HDI1, HDI2 "^\ , z=i < Ok# ~
231.
232.
233.
234.
1) H ~, c~
2) H ~, L`~ ^
3) H ~, =^ ^
4) H ~, Xi
Q ~OkOz# HDI3, HDI4 "^\ , z=i < Ok# ~
1) H ~, c~
2) H ~, L`~ ^
3) H ~, =^ ^
4) H ~, Xi
Q ~OkOz# HDI1, HDI2 PO^ ^ ~O
1) 9, 9
2) 9, 10
3) 8, 9
4) 7, 6
Q ~OkOz# HDI3, HDI4 PO^ ^ ~O
1) 7, 8
2) 8, 9
3) 7, 6
4) 9, 10
PO^ ^ '=#"a=$k px ` ~K ^`# f#k
1) CESS
235. A.P =#"a=$k
2) DES
3) DRDC
4) NCAER
x"kH, 2001 O=`~xH "^\ ~ O_ < Ok# l

1) ^~^, H$ 2) H$, ^~^ 3) ^~^, qY@O 4) qY@O, ^~^
236. PO^ ^
=#"a=$k x"kH 2001 O=`~xH O|OkOz 23, 22 ~O Ok# l =~Q
1) q[#Q~O , =|#Q~
2) =|#Q~, q[#Q~O
3) NHO, =|#Q~
4) =|#Q~, NHO
237. 200405 <\H ~+O Hi Ò
1) 14.8%
2) 6.6%
3) 7.3%
4) 5.6%
238. t=~} ~ @ 2005 <\H PO^ ^ u
1) ~+O t =~}~ @ 57Q #"^~Ok 2) *f~ HO> ` =Q LOk
3) H ~` e K Z=Q LOk
4) = x i #"
239. PO^ ^ =#"a=$k x"kHx JO iHxk
1) îH x~#, Hi, |_ =x"# "iH O`# ^
2) ì PÔ =OÔ[ L# qY@O q^, P~Q ~OQ "#H|_ LOk
3) ~+O îHx, [< ~Q^# JiH@_ O Q}h"# Qu x kOzOk
4) Z= JH~ ` L# ~ PO^ ^ XH\
228.3 229.3 230.2 231.4 232.1 233.3 234.1 235.1 236.2 237.2 238.4 239.4
z~Orq
137
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
240.
*f^x H O^ Q}OH O Q}O KQ, =# ~+O ~+ P^x Q}O Kk(Group-II
241.
XH ~+ QoH i^ O=`~ HO Lù K |_# = = q=# DqÔ Q ~

1) GSDP
2) NSDP
3) ì PÔ
4) =+ PÔ
GSDP H NSDP H `_
1) `~ Q^
2) ~ = ^# qxQO 3) 1 =i 2
4) xH~ ~H #
Gross value added x DqÔ
Q O^=K
242.
243.
2008)
1) state planning board
2) CESS (centre for economic and social studies)
3) DES (Directorate of Economics and Statastics) 4) Principal Finance Secretary
1) Gross value of output - Value of secondary inputs

2) Gross value of output - Depreciation
3) Gross value of output - Net IT
4) Gross value of output - Consumption of Fixed capital
244. Gross value added =~H~
1) GSDP
2) NSDP
3) ~+ ì PÔ 4) UnH^
245. Net value added # OÔ^
1) GSDP - `~ Q^
2) Gross value added - `~ Q^
3) Gross value added - consumption of fixed capital
4) =
x
246. Net value added (NVA) =~H~
1) GSDP
2) NSDP
3) ~+ ì PÔ 4) UnH^
247. ~+ ì PÔ nxx `#
1) Lù H~H ^$ NSDP
2) Lù H~H ^$ NVA
~+ [<
~+ [<
3) ~+ PÔ
4) = x
~+ [<
248. ~+O GSDP x H OKO^ L yOK û
(Group-II 2008)
1) Lù =kO û 2) P^ =kO û
3) = =kO û
4) = x
249. ^q
H~O QO#, i[~ =#HiOQ ~OQO# ~+O GSDP x Q}O KO^ J=OaOK û
1) Lù =kO û 2) P^ =kO û 3) = =kO û
4) = x
250. x~}~OQO GSDP x Q}O
KO^ ~+O J=OaOK û
1) Lù =kO û
2) P^ =kO û
3) = =kO û
4) = x
251. `$f ~OQO, J< il+~
=#HiOQ ~OQO, q^`, Q, h\ ~ ~ ~OQ GSDP x Q}O KO^
J=OaOK û
1) Lù =kO û
2) P^ =kO û
3) = =kO û
4) = x
240.3 241.1 242.3 243.1 244.1 245.4 246.2 247.4 248.4 249.1 250.3 251.2
z~Orq
138
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
252. 2008-09 (Updated advance) GSDP `$f~OQO JOkOK "\
1) =~ 50%
2) =~ 25%
3) =~ 30%
4) =~ 60%
253. ~+ PiH ==#
^q H, kf, `$f ~OQQ ql Oz#_, ~+ P^xH Jq JOkOK
"\#|\ =~Q (J=~}H=O)
1) `$f~OQO, kf~OQO, ^q H~O QO 2) `$f~OQO, ^q H~O QO, kf~OQO
3) ^q H, kf, `$f ~OQ
4) kf, ^q H, `$f ~OQ
254. ~+ PiH ==#
==, iqH, "~OQQ ql Oz#_ 2008-09 (updated advance)
~+ P^xH Jq JOkOK "\# |\ =~Q (J=~}H=O)
1) =, i=, ==O
2) =, ==O, i=
3) ==O, i=, =
4) i=, ==O, =
255. *f^x, ~^x ie#_ HOk"x Uk x[O
1) *f, ~+ ~ ~
O_O\# `$f~OQO ^= #O LOk
2) *f~ ^q
H~O QO z=i #O LO_Q, ~+ ~ kf~OQO z=i#O LOk
3) 2008-09 advanced JOK< *f~#, ~+
~# ==~OQ" z=i#O LOk
4) Jx i #"
256. ^q
H~O QO JkH "\# JOkOK L~O QO
1) ==O
2) J@gO^
3) =` O^
4) Q# `=HO
257. kf~OQO JkH "\# JOkOK L~O QO
1) x~}O
2) q^`, Q, h\~ ~ 3) =#HiOQ 4) Q# `=HO
258. ~+ PÔ ^q H ~OQxH O|OkOz HOk "x iHxk
1) ==O "\ `Q K =O k
2) O^" \ D=^ HO HkQ ~QK#k
3) Q# `=HO "\ `Q K #k
4) J@gO^ 1% HO> ` =Q LOk
259. #`# PiH O~} `~` 2000 =~ ~+O
GSDP =$k~ @ `y< ì P^ =$k~ @ ~Q@
H~}O
1) [< ~Q^
2) [< ~Q^~ @ `Q @
3) [< `Q ^
4) [< ~Q^~ @ Z=Q LO_@
260. 201011(A) PiH O=`~O ~+ =$k~
@H O|OkOz HOk"x i #k
1) A.P =$k~
@ 8.89% Q JOK< " |_Ok 2) *f =$k~ @HO> ~+ =$k~ @ Z=Q LOk
3) 1 =i 2 i #"
4) 1 =i 2 iH^
261. Q` Hx O=`~Q ~+ PiH ==
J`kH =$k~ @ #"^K O@# L~O QO
1) =#HiOQ
2) "x OQ HiOQ
3) =K~~O QO
4) =~H O , @, ~ ~ O@
262. ` ^~ 2010-11(A) PO^ ^
H ì PÔ (=~Q)
1) ~II 60,000
2) ~II 39,000
3) ~II 50,000
4) ~II 54,000
252.1 253.2 254.1 255.4 256.1 257.3 258.3 259.2 260.3 261.3 262.1
z~Orq
139
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
263.
264.
265.
266.
267.
268.
269.
270.
271.
272.
273.
274.
275.
276.
277.
~ ^~ 2010-11(A) PO^ ^ H ì PÔ (=~Q)

1) ~II 39,000
2) ~II 36,000
3) ~II 40,000
4) ~II 50,000
~+ ì P^xH O|OkOz iHxk
1) ~` ì PÔHO> ~+ ì PÔ Z=
2) 2010-11 (A) ~+ ì P^ =$k~
@ ~ ^~ =~ 7.9%
3) 2010-11 (A) ~+ ì P^ =$k~
@ ` ^~ =~ 18%
4) ~` ì PÔHO> ~+ ì PÔ ` =
O=`~H XHl QoH i^ Lù K |_ = = PiH q=# DqÔ Q ~
1) NSDP
2) GDDP
3) ì GDDP
4) ì NSDP
~ ^~ 200809, 200910 OII J`kH GDDP Q l
1) ^~^
2) qY@O
3) QO@~
4) `~Q^=i
~ ^~ J` GDDP Q l
1) NHO
2) q[#Q~O
3) =|#Q~
4) Jk^
200910 (Q) ~ ^~ J`kH ì GDDP Q l
1) qY@O
2) `~Q^=i
3) ^~^
4) H$
Ju ` = ì GDDP Q l (~ ^~ )
1) NHO
2) q[#Q~O
3) =|#Q~
4) Jk^
200910 (Q) O=`~O J`kH ~Ô (NSDP) Q ~+O
1) L`~ ^
2) PO^ ^
3) t=OQ
4) =~+
200910 (Q) J`kH ì PÔ Q OÒ
1) Q"
2) KO_ ~
3) _b
4) ~<
200708 J`kH ì PÔ Q ~+O
1) Q"
2) ~<
3) O*
4) PO^ ^
200910 (Q) O=`~xH ^~ J`kH ì PÔ Q ~+O
1) Q"
2) ~<
3) O*
4) PO^ ^
200910 (Q) O=`~xH Ju ` = ì PÔ Q ~+O
1) Xi
2) c~
3) PO^ ^
4) H ~
200809 (P) OII ~+ GSDP ~ =^# H# ZO`ÒQ LOk
1) 29%
2) 35%
3) 21%
4) 39%
~` PiH == = ~+ PiH == _ W\#Oz JkH =$k~ @ #"^K H=_O ~OaOzOk
1) 1960 #Oz
2) 1980 #Oz
3) 1990 #Oz
4) 2000 #Oz
~+O 1980 =~ #"^~# "iH =$k~ @ =~
1) 2%
2) 3%
3) 5%
4) 6%
263.1 264.4 265.2 266.1 267.1 268.3 269.1 270.4 271.2 272.1 273.2 274.2 275.1
276.2 277.2
z~Orq
140
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
278.
~+O 9= }oH GSDP =$k~ @

1) 5.59%
2) 8.33%
3) 9.59%
4) 10.33%
279. H P^ iH# (Relative Income Hyothesis) ukOz#k.
1) H<
2) _< s
3) Q`
4) Z=~H^
280. ~+O
10= }oH GSDP=$k~ @
1) 5.59%
2) 8.33%
3) 9.59%
4) 10.33%
281. 2010-11 (A) H ~
^~ ~+ GSDP (=~Q)
1) ~II 3,00,000 H@
2) ~II 2,16,000 H@
3) ~II 2,39,000 H@
4) ~II 3,71,000 H@
282. 2010-11 (A) OIIxH ~
^~ ==, iqH, "~OQ =$k~ @ =~Q
1) 14.85, 11.11, 8.37 2) 2.73, 17.66, 12.29 3) 8.39, 7.79, 9.6
283.
~+O ~+ Lùx ^~}OQ DqÔ Q JOK< "~

1) Income originating approach
3) Both 1 and 2
284.
285.
286.
287.
288.
289.
290.
291.
4) 8.84, 13.22, 9.53
2) Income Accruing Approach

4) None of the above
r=# =}x nx O` JOK<"~

1) ~+ PÔ
2) ~Ô 3) ì PÔ
4) =+ PÔ
` O ~+O ~+ P^x Q}O KO^ P^~ O=`~OQ nxx fO@<~(Group-II
1) 199394
2) 19992000
3) 200809
4) 200405
~+ Lùx Q}O K@=# HeQ [#O
1) ~+ PiH == =K x~}`H =~# J=Q# K H=K
2) ~+ }oH P^~O
3) ~+O Q Of J=#` J=Q# K H=K
4) = x
2001 [< H <\H ~+O ==O P^~_ xK "i Ò
1) 69%
2) 68%
3) 62%
4) 39%
2001 H H~O ==O P^~_ " i == q Ò
1) 39.60%
2) 40.87%
3) 36.59%
4) 28.59%
2001 H H~O "Ò ==O P^~_ "i ==^~ Ò
1) 22.70%
2) 39.60%
3) 62.30%
4) 1.74%
~+O ==O P^~_ " i ^~} O|OkOz HOk"x i #^k
1) ==^~ Ò `Q ` =O k
2) == q Ò ~Q` =O k
3) ==O P^_ xK"i Ò `Q ` =O k 4) = x i #"
^~}OQ *f^=#Q
1) =~\ ^~ *fù
2) =~\ ^~ xH~ *fù
3) Lù H~H Ys^ ^$ *fù 4) Lù H~H Ys^ ^$ xH~ *fù
2008)
278.1 279.2 280.2 281.4 282.3 283.1 284.3 285.4 286.4 287.3 288.1 289.1 290.4
291.4
z~Orq
141
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
292. ^jù, xH~ ^jùH `_

1) |kb KeO
2) `~ Q^
3) ~H #
4) a_
293. *fù, ^jù D O^~ O =#=Q#
1) ZQ=` =# = PÔ, kQ=`H =O HO> Z= L#_
2) ZQ=` =# = PÔ, kQ=`H =O HO> ` = L#_
3) q^#Oz =K H~HÔ, q^ KeO K H~HÔ =#"# _
4) ^ n H^
294. U^< xs` HO L`^H =#~ [=# OkOK P^x Q} =Kk
1) =+ PÔ
2) =~ PÔ 3) *fÔ
4) ì PÔ
295. Ô H =~\ ^~ xH~ *fùx Q}O K@_ HOk"x XH\ QO H^
1) # KeO KH ~O "`# O, r`
2) L^Q KeO K #
3) ~H #
4) `~ Q^
296. HOk"xx [`~ K O _
A) Lù H~H Ys^ ^$ 1) = "Ò
= =
B) =~\ ^~

2) XH^ O "Ò = = Lù
C) GDP
3) O=`~ HO K "Ò =O
D) GNP
4) Lù H~H u ~O KeO K =O
E) "Ò
^j =O
5) =, = ^~ ~O "= OQ KeO z# =O
1) A B C D E 2) A B C D E 3) A B C D E 4) A B C D E
4 5 2 1 3
5 4 2 1 3
4 5 1 2 3
5 4 1 2 3
297. HOk"xx [`~ K O _

A) C + I + G + (X - M)
B) GDP `~ Q^
C) NDPMP ~H # { a_
D) =+ PÔ ` H #
1) A B C D
2) A B C D
4 2 1 3
4 1 2 3
298.
299.
1) NDP
2) NDPFC
3) =~ PÔ
4) GDP
3) A B C D
4 1 3 2
4) A B C D
4 2 1 3
qq^ ^=^ *f^ Q}OH ^~ [ r=# =}x i^KO> HOk "x ^xx
fH"e
(a) ^ =^ qx= ~
@
(b) ^~
~ =~
(c) [< "Ò
x `_
(d) *f^ O}
1) a =i b
2) a, b =i c
3) b, c =i d
4) a, b, c =i d
*fÔ nxH =#O
1) GNP a_ #
2) NNP ~H # { a_
3) NNP ` H # { a_
4) GNP a_ { #
292.2 293.3 294.3 295.4 296.1 297.2 298.4 299.2
z~Orq
142
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
300.
301.
302.
303.
304.
305.
306.
307.
308.
309.
HOk"x GNP x ` HO Q OKk

1) =~\ ^~ ~Q^
2) @|_ ~Q^
3) qQ |_\
4) @ |_\
*f^x Q}O K@_ |kb KeO # DqÔ Q QiOK=K
1) ^= ==~ H `
2) qxQ^~x PÔ iy`
3) Lù H == Qx, =Qx Lù HH`
4) # q#~O H `
*f^x Q}O KO^ Q =_ ^`
1) Lù, =O, P^ ^`
2) PÔ, qxQO, q^jKeO +O ^`
3) ^, @|_, P^ ^`
4) =O, `~ Q^, Lù ^`
XH Ô H "Ò =O XH O=`~HO ~II80,000 qe#. =i == =i =
~H # ~II8,000 qe#, =^# qxQO ~II6,000 qe# J~# *f =O
Lù H~H Ys^ ^$
1) ~II 88,000 qe#
2) ~II 82,000 qe#
3) ~II 74,000 qe#
4) ~II 72,000 qe#
Wz# =K~O H~O xH~ *fù nxH =#O
1) 74.000 qe# 2) 66.000 qe# 3) 60.000 qe# 4) 14.000 qe#
HOk gH~}
O x =i y |^ ^xx uH O Ke.
=~\ ^~ *fù Lù H~H ^$ *fù - x + y
1) ~H #, #
2) ~H #, a_
3) a_, ~H #
4) #, a_
HOk JO O Lù H~H ^$ NDP H#HO_
GNPFC = 71,047 H@
~H # a_ 8,344 H@
`~ Q^ 4,486 H@
q^j xH~ H~HÔ (232 H@)
1) 86,137 H@
2) 74,905 H@
3) 71,047 H@
4) 66,793 H@
HOk"x x~K#O ^$ *f^xH =#O Hxk
1) *fù
2) *f =O
3) *fÔ
4) *fO^
kQ=# *f^xH O|OkOz <Q "He=_O [iyOk. "x i #q Uq ?
(a) NNP - `~ Q^ = GNP
(b) NNPMP + a_ = NNPFC + ~H
#
(c) GNP = GDP + NFIA
(d) GNP - `~ Q^ = NNP
1) a =i b
2) a, b =i d
3) b, c =i d
4) =
h
~ O_~ H O = L^~}
1) |, ~ _= ~ "`<
2) u Lù =i H@< = Lù
3) q^` =i h\ Lù
4) # ~|_, ~ "# JkH~ r`
300.2 301.3 302.1 303.4 304.2 305.3 306.4 307.4 308.3 309.2
z~Orq
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Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
310. HOk"x |kb KeO Uk ?

1) Q$}H K KeO
2) WK pocket money
3) =$^ # è^ O _HK x~} ` O
4) = h
311. GNP Q` O=`~O HO> 16% iy ^"}O 9% iy` ^ Lù ~Q^ Ò ZO`
1) 4%
2) 5%
3) 6%
4) 7%
312. HOk"x =^ O`~ Lù Uk ?
1) HOhK `
~K |_ J=Q XH ^H}O LOK|_# water heter
2) HOhK `
~K |_ qxQ^~ J=|_# water heter
3) XH HOhK `
~K |_, Lù H L yOKO^ =~H HOhH J=|_# water heter
4) XH HOhK `
~K |_, P HOhK L yOK|_ water heter
313. HOk"x a_ J#Q
1) = = H#QH Ò K KeO 2) Lù H~H O K KeO
3) "\^~ HOh K KeO
4) ZO\ = = H#Q K O_ "~ O Ò K KeO
314. GNP H, GDP H `_
1) ^j @|_ 2) xH~ ZQ=`
3) xH~ q^j @|_
4) xH~ q^jH~HÔ
315. Lù H~H ^$ xH~ ^jù =~\ ^~ ^$ xH~ ^jù
1) { a_ ~H #
2) a_ { ~H #
3) a_
4) { ~H #
316. HOk"x *fÔ nxK qÒ H^
1) H O_ O_ H~ A, B H J=@
2) H~ _~ #`# H~# J=@
3) H~ HOh #`# H~ J=@
4) #`# H~# J^, H#Q J=@
317. =~ PÔ Wq He LO_=
1) "~ |kb KeO
2) H~~\ _q_O_
3) ` |kb KeO
4) =HQ ` P^#
318. xH~ q^j @|_ J#Q
1) XH^ O "Ò q^j @|_
2) XH xi+ O=`~O q^ K @|_
3) q^ xH x" K @|_
4) XH^ O q^ K @|_ q^ ^ K @|_
319. ~
O_ ~OQ #=< (Two sector model) P^ KH "O
1) @O O KeO KQ, uiy O @O KeO K#
2) O #Oz O KeO
3) @O#Oz @O KeO
4) @O #Oz O KeO
310.4 311.4 312.3 313.4 314.4 315.1 316.1 317.4 318.4 319.1
z~Orq
144
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
320.
321.
322.
323.
324.
325.
326.
327.
328.
329.
330.
*f^x Q}O K@_ HOk"x ^xx H H fO\~

(a) *fO K#
i= L^Q r` (b) i>~ ~ # q ~ O@ O K#
(c) \ Ok# |=` (prizes own in competitions)
(d) Pe
K# @|_ =_
1) a =i c
2) a =i d
3) b, c =i d
4) =
x
*f^ Q}# HOk"x |kb KeO Hxk
1) ` O_ ~f =K =_
2) H~ = HO KeO K O
3) x~^Q x\
4) OH~ [_ rÒ
*f^ Q}# He LO_k
(a) "< WK Hg+<
(b) ~
` HK a_
(c) OH ^`H K KeO
(d) ~>
" e>H H H ~~ WK KeO
1) a, b =i d
2) a =i d
3) a =i c
4) a, b, c =i d
' The General Theory of Employment, Interest and money ' 1936 QO^ ~K~
`
1) *.Z". H<
2) ~Q~ #~
3) *. Z. q
4) *.a.
*f^ JOK< nxH L Q_ #
1) QoH O} `<O^
2) =oH i= =$k `<O^
3) HO`HOQ PiH OH = O =K =~ JOK< "O^
4) iqH ~OQO Qu x `<O^
" \ ^j @|_x =^# qxQ J"# JkQq ^x J~O
1) PiH=
= kQ=` HO> ZQ=` Z=Q K # @
2) PiH=
= qi # @
3) xH~ @|_ |}`H" #
@
4) ^= GNP ~Q`#\H, "=
GNP `QK#@
HOk"x @|_ =O QO Hxk
1) ` W H#Q
2) =xHQ ZH" O\ Lù^~x =O
3) "~ O W<O@s ~Q^
4) HOh ^ # O\ q~ }
PiH H~H *fÔ ^$ =Y ` +OK^k

1) #~
2) "= @|_
3) }oH ^
4) Lù H~H Q=#j`
HOk"x |kbKeO
1) ".. rÒ
2) +~ ~ HOh WK _q_O_
3) Q$ =` #O_ =K @HO
4) x~^Q $ u
*f |}O =_ (Interest on National Debt.) nx QO
1) GNP
2) NNP
3) *fÔ
4) =+ PÔ
~ O_~ H O (Double counting) =# HeQ =O
1) *fù JkHO
Q JOK<" |_# (over estimating)
2) *fù JOQ JOK<" |_# (under estimating)
3) *f^xH O|OkOz ` _ e
` =K#
4) UnH^
320.2 321.4 322.2 323.1 324.3 325.3 326.1 327.2 328.4 329.4 330.1
z~Orq
145
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
331.
*f^ =# O|OkOz HOk"x ` = q=# zOKk

1) GNP
2) *fÔ
3) =+ PÔ
4) =~ PÔ
332. `~ Q^ J#Q
1) Jy=Ô O\ #tOz=@
2) HH" } J~Q, `~ Q^ = ZH" O\ HeQ #+O
3) =_ ~ H =_O = O\ ="` 4) H=\ = O\# ="
@
333. HOk"x GNP x JOK<" ^`
XH\ Hxk
1) value added approach
3) income approach
334.
335.
336.
337.
338.
2) product approach
4) the financial approach
`~ Q^ J<k nx q= `Q @
1) =^# P
2) x
3) =^ O`~ == 4) JOu= ==
_@~ >HH (Defletor Technique) nxx ~ @ KO^ L y~ .
1) ^~ ~Q^
2) ^~ `Q ^
3) ^~ ~Q^ =i `Q ^ ~ O_# 4) UnH^
GNP Q}O
K@_ HOk "x ^xx q#~~
1) @HO ^~ =z# PÔ
2) =_^ ~ =z# PÔ
3) _q_O_
4) ` |kb KeO
O A, ~II1000 q"# ux LùK BH qH~Oz#k. B J< O ~II1500 q"# '~#
LùK C H qH~Oz#k, C J< O ~II2500 q"# =x Lù K# k. D H u^
"__
1) A - 1000, B - 1500, C - 2500, "Ò
~II5000
2) A - 1000, B - 500, C - 2500, "Ò
~II4000
3) A - 1000, B - 500, C - 1000, "Ò
~II2500
4) A - 1000, B - 1500, C - 1000, "Ò
~II3500
<Q ~OQ #=< (Four sector model) =`xH x==
1) S + T + M = I + G + X 2) S + T = I + G
3) S = I
4) T = G
339.
^ J#Q
1) ` P^xH, qxQxH JHO\OQ =Ò 2) qq^ Lù H~H ^ "Ò
3) "# PÔ HO> =O Z=Q LO_@
4) J#Hx = f~H<O^ HO` P^ H # @@
340. qq^ ^ Q "__ # He` P "Ò nxH =#O.
1) JOu= == Lù q= =#O.
2) JOu= Lù q= HO> ` =Q LO_#.
3) JOu= Lù q= HO> Z=Q LO_#.
4) JOu= Lù q= i # ux^ O =OK^ .
331.4 332.2 333.4 334.1 335.3 336.4 337.3 338.1 339.1 340.1
z~Orq
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Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
341. XH ^ GNP ~ 600 H@, NNP ~ 475 H@, J~` `~ Q^.

1) ~ 100 H@
2) ~ 175 H@
3) ~ 150 H@
4) ~ 125 H@
342. HOk "x iHx^k.
2) GNP GDP+ NFlA
1) GNP - `~ Q^ NNP
3) NNP + a_ - ~H # NNP
4) NNP - `~ Q^ GNP
343. GNP H, NNP H =^ `_# nx ^~ K =K.
1) |kbKeO
2) =^# qxQO 3) "__
4) x~Q^
344. q# L`^H, J#`^H qQ ql Oz#k.
3) P_O`
4) H~= ~
1) _q_ iH~
2) J.S. q
345. =~ PÔ { ` H #
1)NNP
2)NDP
3) " \ PÔ
4) =+ PÔ
346. =~\ ^~ NNP, Lù H~H Ys^ ^$ NNP U O^~ O =# =Q#
1) ` H # #C_
2) ~H # #C_
3) a_ #C_
4) ~H #, a_ #C_
347. *f^ JHO\ O|OkOz HOk "x i #k
1) = = <}` =K =~# ``~.2) qOu q=# ``~.
3) =lH = (social costs) # Q} ~. 4) UnH^.
348. HOk q=# [`~ K O _.
~H # - a_ ~II 8344 H@.
~ = ^# qxQO ~II 4486 H@.
q^jxH~ H~HÔ (~II-232) H@.
=~\ ^~ GNP ~II79,391 H@
a) GNP
1) 66,793 H@
b) NNP
2) 75,137 H@
c) NDP
3) 71, 047 H@
d) NDP
4) 74, 905 H@
1) a
b
c
d
2)
a
b
c
d
MP
FC
FC
MP
FC
MP
MP
FC
3)
4)
349. *f^ Q}# HOk "x =Hxk.

1) ~ O_~ H O.
2) ~ # iH~ H =@.
3) = HK P^ =`.
4) "\ x K~e, q#~OKe J< =.
341.4 342.4 343.2 344.3 345.4 346.4 347.4 348.1 349.3
z~Orq
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Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
350. XH PiH == O A, O BH ~ 600, O C~ 400 q= Q == # qH~OK#.

O B~ 200 q"# == # JOu= qxQ^~, O CH ~ 600 q= Q == #
qH~OK#. O C~ 1300 q=Q == # JOu= qxQ^~ qH~OK#. J~` *fù
ZO`.
1) ~ 1000
2) ~ 800
3) ~ 1500
4) ~ 1900
351. ~OQ"s JHO@ Q=~"O\ kQ=` K H#Q nxQO.
1) Q$~OQO
2) "~ ~OQO
3) ` ~OQO
4) q^j"~ ~OQO
352. Lù H~H ^$ ^jùH q^jxH~ H~HÔ Ki =^# qxQx f" .
1)GDP
2)GNP
3)NNP
4)NNP
353. O A ux Lù K, O BH ~ 400H J"#. O B ux L yOz ~ (Yarn)Q ` ~
K CH ~ 600 J"#. O 'C' ^xx =GOQ =i qxQ^~xH ~1000H J=#. PiH= =
Lùx Q}O KO^ ^xx fO^~.
1) O A ~ 400 2) O B ~ 600
3) O C ~ 1000
4)"Ò=_O\ ~2000
354. xH~ ZQ=` Z_ ~}`HOQ LO_#.
1) xH~ @|_ ^< `H" # C_.
2) " \ |kb HO> ZQ=` Z=Q L#C_.
3) kQ=` HO> ZQ=` Z=Q L#C_. 4) ZQ=` HO> kQ=` Z=Q L#C_.
355. *fù QOQ LO_ == .
1) =~\ qx=O Jq Q" Hx Lù ^~K qxyOK|_q QOH^.
2) =~\ qx=O Jq, Lù^~ O` qxQxH "_<q ~ O_#.
3) =~\ qx=O Jq =`" .
4) JOu= == # K =~\ qx="# q, Hxq _.
356. Closed Economy #=< HOk "x XH\ QO H^
1) Q$
2) O
3) Ò
4) q^j"~O
357. @|_ LO ~} (Disinvestment) D O^~ O U~_#.
1) W<O@s q~ }
.
2) @|_ == ^~ ~Q^.
3) "~ O O`# ^j H#Q^~ Jq#_.
4) " \ ^j @|_x `~ Q^ JkQq Oz#_.
358. =~\ ^~ *fù, Lù H~H Ys^ ^$ *fù HO> ZO`" ~ Z=Q LO_#.
(Q 2, 2008)
1) a_
2) ~H #
3) ~H # {a_
4) ~H # -a_
359. Lù H~H ^$ *fù nxx J^ #O KO^ L y~ .
1) qq^ ~OQ #Oz =K JOu= Lù.
2) qq^ =~"~ K=O.
3) Lù H~H [=# KeO .
4) qxQ, L`^H == Lù `<O^.
MP
FC
MP
FC
350.3 351.4 352.4 353.3 354.4 355.4 356.4 357.4 358.4 359.3
z~Orq
148
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
360. P^ KH "xH zÔ (leakage) Hxk.

1) ^
2) kQ=`
3) `=O
4) #
361. ~ O_ ~OQ PiH= = "= "x èk. (Real flow).
1) O =^ == "O.
2) Q$ #Oz Lù H~H O "O =i O #Oz @O == "O.
3) O #Oz @O Lù H~H "O, @O #O_ O = = "O.
4) Q$=^ = = "O.
362. =+ PÔ ZC_ JkHO Q LO_Q ^.
1) O H ^`H =HQ ` KeO Z=Q L#C_.
2) qxQ^~ KeO K =_ Z=Q L#C_.
3) Ò = KeO K |kbKeO Z=Q L#C_.
4) UnH^.
363. ì PÔ D O^~ O Z=Q LO_#.
1) [< iy#~@H, =#OQ GNP iy#C_.
2) GNP, [< HO> <=kQ iy#C_.
3) [< HO> GNP "QO Q iy#C_.
4) [< <=kQ iy GNP ~Q# C_.
364. ~ O_~OQ #=< =`xH ` xi x|O^# .
(Q 2, 2008)
1) q+ PÔ q+= O.
2) ^= @|_.
3) ZQ=` kQ=`.
4) # `=O.
365. Lù H~H Ys^ ^$ *fù ~ 600 H@, ~H # ~ 200 H@, a_ ~ 75 H@
J~` =~\ ^~ *fù
1) ~ 750 H@
2) ~ 725 H@
3) ~ 500 H@
4) ~ 250 H@
366. PiH OH = xH H=#OQ GNP x fO> nx Q ^ # q=~
1) ~ ^ ~ nxx =H ~ K = .
2) = q=# iQ}#H fH^ .
3) Q$} =# H OK^ .
4) ZQ=`, kQ=`# H OK^ .
367. HOk "x Lù H~H KeO QOHxk.
1) L^QHK i~O.
2) O`"~O #Oz =K PÔ.
3) "~ |kbKeO .
4) _q_O_.
368. P~H " ` L yOz# ^xx |\ ^ J#Q
1) PiH= = =Ò L#C_ S = l H|\ Wk @|_ O\k.
2) HO` HO = =O K O_ L#QO.
3) XH xi+ HO PÔ qxQO K O_ L#QO.
4) [ QÒ OzÒ K# "Ò .
360.3 361.2 362.3 363.3 364.2 365.2 366.3 367.3 368.3
z~Orq
149
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
369. "`< ~ 1500/-, @HO ~ 500/-, =_ =i ~ 2000/-, qxQ=O ~

2500/-, xH~^j @|_ ~ 1300/-, xH~ q^j@|_ ~ 200/- J~#K P^ =kO
û *fÔ.
1) ~ 3500/2) ~ 5000/3) ~ 4000/4) ~ 6500/370. L# =K~O H~O ==kO û *fÔ.
1) ~ 3500/2) ~ 4000/3) ~ 5000/4) ~ 5500/371. ^jù (Gross Domestic output) ~ 45,000/-, =^ O`~ qxQO ~ 12,000/-, `~ Q^
~ 500/-, q^j xH~ H~HÔ (-200/-) J~` GDP (Gross Domestic Produt) ZO`?
1) ~ 45,000/2) ~ 33,000/3) ~ 50,000/4) ~ 43,000/372. =K~O |\ *fù (GNP) nxH =#O.
1) ~ 45,000
2) ~ 33,000
3) ~ 33,200
4) ~ 32,800
373. xH~ *fù (NNP) nxH =#O. ( =K~O |\)
1) ~ 32,300
2) ~ 33,500
3) ~ 33,000
4) ~ 33,200
374. H< H~O ^# qÒ K Ju=YH~HO .
1) L^y`
2) PÔ
3) _=O_ "HK` O 4) HeH =_~ @
375. P^ û *fÔ nxx `#.
1) =O "
2) Lù "
3) O} "
4) @|_ "
376. 1985 ` ^~ GNP ~ 750 H@, 1980 e#_ ^~ z 1985 150 J~`
1985 "= GNP ZO`?
1) 750 H@
2) 600 H@
3) 500 H@
4) 725 H@
377. ~ O_ O=`~ (A =i B ) ^~ p =~Q 100 =i 185, ` ^~ P ~ O_
O=`~ *fÔ 40,000 =i 85,000 H@, Ax P^~ O=`~OQ fHx B O=`~O
"q H PÔ Q}O KO_.
1) 85,000 H@
2) 40,095 H@
3) 45,950 H@
4) 39,960 H@
378. "Ò *f @|_ Q.
1) ^j =^# H#.
2) H =~.
3) xH~ ZQ=`.
4) =x.
379. HOk "x *f^x
û JOK< "# k
1) ^^ <~r 2) K.N. ~
3)V.K.R.V. ~"
4) _.=H
380. *f^ Q}# ^xx iQ}O K~ .
1) HH~, _#~, Q PÔ.
2) Q~ PÔ.
3) == b KeO .
4) O =_.
381. ` ^~ *fù, ~ ^ ~ *fù HO> D HO Z=Q LO_#.
1) ^~ iQ@C_ 2) ^~ `Q @
C_
3) ~ ^ ~
4) = =~@C_.
369.3 370.2 371.2 372.4 373.1 374.2 375.3 376.3 377.3 378.4 379.3 380.2 381.1
z~Orq
150
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
382. #`# W H#Q GNP QO. J~` Wk nx K|_#

1) `~ Q^
2) qxQ=O
3) @|_
4) ^
383. ^~}OQ XH Ô
1) =~\ ^~ *fù, Lù H~H Ys^ ^$ *fù HO> Z=.
2) =~\ ^~ *fù, Lù H~H Ys^ ^$ *fùH =#O.
3) =~\ ^ *fù, Lù H~H Ys^ ^$ *fùH HO> ` =.
4) Un H^.
384. P^ û *f^x JOK<" @C_ QO Hxk.
1) @HO
2) q= P^
3) #<
4) Oz@|_x
385. ^= ^# x QO Hxk.
1) HOh _O K~ =i +~.
2) Lù^~ =^ L# =_~ .
3) _H =i ~~ (Docks and Harbowrs) 4) Lù ^~ =^ L# ` ~ # == .
386. ''JOu= Lù =# O|OkOz O A K# Lùx Lù H L yOKO^ O B H
qH~
1) Lù QO.
2) Lù QO H^.
4) A H J q= QO.
3) A H "_ QO.
387. XH PiH == L`^H =~ O U O^~ O qi OK#.
1) =~ PÔ ì PÔ H< Z= L#C_.
2) " \ ^j @|_. `~ Q^ HO> Z= L#C_.
3) xH~ *fù, *fù HO> Z= L#C_.
4) ^=~O *fù ~Q`#C_.
388. XH^ O H ^jù, *fù =^ JO`~O ZO@C_ KC H^Q qÔ Q LO@Ok.
1) q^j @|_ 2) JkH q^j@|_
3) q^j @|_ H =@ 4) UnH^.
389. XH O=`~O XH PiH= = Jx O "Ò J=H.
1) *fùH =#O.
2) *f^xH =#O.
3) *fù HO> Z=.
4) *fù HO> ` =.
390. P^ KH "O lnjection Hxk
1) @|_
2) ZQ=`
3) `=O
4) #
391. J=H i=}O "Ò GNP HO> Hx~@ Z= LO__xH H~}O.
1) GNP H~~\ ## q#~O k H|\.
2) J=Hx ^= ~O#.GNP == ~O# LO_@=.
3) GNP =Ô`~= J=H# q#~O k.
4) Un H^.
392. HOk"x @|_ QO Hxk.
1) =^# == =O.
2) P~ ^~ Y~.
4) H`Q O=~H O\# xiOK@ K =O.
3) O # qi OK
@ K=O.
382.3 383.1 384.3 385.1 386.2 387.2 388.2 389.3 390.4 391.3 392.2
z~Orq
151
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
393. O Lù #Oz (Gross output) W`~ O#Oz H#Q K# =_~#, =#

f" PO H nxx JOK< " =K.
1) =O
2) xH~ O
3) J=H=O
4) "__
394. q` P ==~ (Transacticn in Financi Assets and Eg: Shares, stock. etc) nxH H~}=Q#.
1) *fÔ ~Q^.
2) *fÔ `Q ^ .
3) *fÔ =O K=.
4) q +` *f^ ~Q^.
395. ~` PiH == kf ~OQO QO Hxk.
1) =#HiOQ
2) x~}O
3) "x OQ =i HiOQ
4) q^`, Q, h\~ ~ .
396. =~\ ^~ GNP ~ 200, q^j xH~ H~HÔ ~ 20, ~H # ~ 20, a_ ~ 10.
J~` Lù H~H Ys^ ^$ GDP.
1) ~ 160
2) ~ 170
3) ~ 200
4) ~ 250
397. XH^ kQ=` nxH P^x HeOK#.
1) ^j =#H~. 2) Ò.
3) "~.
4)q^j Lù^~.
398. ~Qq P^ # D O^~ O =`" P^x # O} K #.
1) " \ = =^ O^ L#_.
2) P^ J=#OQ L#C_.
3) # ZQ"` #C_.
4) q ~[O Pn#O L#C_.
399. J~ GO =oH~ Ô` x~}O.
1) q+ _=O_
2) q+

3) P^ KH "O
4)qxQO =i @|_.
400. =$kKO ^ Ô
1) ~ ^ ~ GNP ~QÒk.
2) ~ ^ ~ GNP ~ O Q LO_#.
3) ` ^~ GNP ~QÒk.
4) Un H^.
401. ^ Lù Z= QO nxH KOk#k.
1) "\ qxQO. 2) ` qxQO.
3) @|_.
4) ZQ=`.
402. ~ ^ ~ *fÔ nx ^~ Q}O K=K
1) ^~ p/ ` ^~ *fÔ 100
2) ` ^~ *fÔ/ ^~ p 100
3) =~\ ^~ ì PÔ/ ^~ pq= 100
4) Lù H~H Ys^ ^$ *fÔ/ ^~ pq= 100
393.4 394.3 395.3 396.2 397.4 398.3 399.3 400.1 401.1 402.2
z~Orq
152
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
APPSC
"i Q`
`
x
=^<
Endowment 2008
1) q^j "~= x JO`~` " # PiH= =( Closed Economy) Uk i #k?

(1)
1) GDP = GNP
2) GDP > GNP
3) GDP < GNP
4) ^k H^
2) HOk "x Uk |kb KeO ?
(3)
1) "K "<H KeO Kk
2) O` [=xLO_ = #O J^
3) *|Y~(Pocket money)
4) = h#
3. U O u O=`~= *f^ JOK< ` ~K #?
(4)
1) }oH O = 2) ~` i[~ O 3) q` O =
4) H O^ Q}OH O
4. *fù =~@ ^~ =^ H OK#_ DHOk "x ^xx Q}#xH fH#|_^ ? (3)
1) a_ (Subsidies)
2) `~ Q^ ` =
3) ^g q~=} OK#
4) ~H #
5. ''~~# ^H}=x ~ l ~ @~
(3)
1. Lz`==
2. JOu= ==
3. =^# ==
4. qxQ==
6. *f^ H O ~ O_ ~= =# HQ ~ =#= :
(1)
1. JkH JOK<
2. ` = JOK<
3. iQ JOK<
4. JOK< =O LO_^ .
7. D HOk "x Uk @|_ H^ :
(2)
1) =^# == H#Q =O
2) P~ ^< H#Q =O
=O
4) O@ # =O
3) O@ (Plant) q~ }
8. ~` PiH= = ^q H ~OQ= L#q :
(4)
I. ===, O^ =i J#|O^ #
II. J@g =i H
III. =` i=
IV. Q# =i ~ i=
1) I =`"
2) I =i II
3) I, II =i III
4) = x
9. `~ Q^ U q= #+= :
(1)
1) =^# P 2) H
3) qxQ ==
4) JOu= ==
10. *f^ H O Uk +" # û :
(4)
1) P^ û
2) = û
3) L`^H û
4) P^= =i L`` H~H û .
A.S.O.2008
11) `~ Q^ ^< `HOQ L#K, *fù :

(3)
1) xH~ *fù H< ` = LOLOk.
2) xH~ *fùH =#OQ LO@Ok
3) xH~ *fù H< Z=Q LO@Ok. 4) xH~ *fùH `=Qx =#OQ Qx LO@Ok.
z~Orq
153
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
12) W`~ q+ ~OQ LO_, ~` ^ "~"` W`~^ @|_ OK_O = PÔ iy`:(1)
2) ^jù (GDP) ~Q#
1) *fù (GNP) ~QÒk
3) *fù (GNP) =i ^jù (GDP) ~Q#
4) *fù (GNP) ~Q# Hx ^jù (GDP) `Q#
13) PiH= = ^"} ~ `" # =$k L#K, "= *fÔ, ` ^~ *fÔ` e
K :
(2)
1. ` = LO_#
2. =#OQ LO_#
3. Z= LO_#
4. q Ug H=
14) *fÔ 5% iy, =i [< 2% iy#K ì PÔ ZO`?
(2)
1) 2.5%
2) 3%
3) 7%
4) 10%
15) W~` q+ ~ O Q LO_, Ò # Oz#K, "
HH =~ PÔ :
(1)
1) `Q ` Ok
2) =~^
3) ~QÒk
4) " g H^
16) |kb KeO L^~} :
(4)
1) HixH KeO z# "`<
2) qH KeO z# H
3) =_ "iHKe O z# =_
4) Ò KeO z# =$^ O K#
17) Lù ~OQO J=H ~|_ :
(2)
1) Q$ O =
2) Q$O KeO
3) "~O KeO
4) Q$O Wz# |}
18) *f PÔ J#Q
(4)
1) C+ I + G - (X + M)
2) C + I - G - (X + M)
3) C + I - G + (X - M)
4) C + I + G + (X - M)
19. xq` PiH ==
(3)
1. ZQ=` #O, kQ=` #O 2. kQ=` #O, ZQ=` #O
3. ZQ=` =i kQ=` #O
4. ZQ=` =i kQ=` #O
20. *fÔ J#Q :
(4)
1. Lù J~# qxQ== q=
2. Lù J~# =^# == q=
3. iQ ` ~ # == q=
4. Jx Lù H~H =z# PÔ
21. *fÔ H >@ C_ XH == q=# ~ O_~ H O K = ZC_ L`#=Òk?(1)
1) =i^#O =i aO iQ}H fH#C_
2) =i ^#O =i Q^ = iQ}#H fH#C_
3) O_ =i ~Q# iQ}#H fH#C_
4) OK^~ =i q~# iQ}#H fH#C_
z~Orq
154
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
22. *fÔ H O HOk"x ^xx iQ}O K~ ?

(4)
1) `Q$ O J^
2) b "`# O
3) |}O =_
4) è `# =~x =^ fH# ^=O
23) Q `Q ` # ^~ <==` PÔ HO> "q H PÔ
(3)
1) `Q #
2) =~^
3) ~Q#
4) q Ug H=
24) *f^x =kOK ^` Hxk Uk:
1) Value added method
2) Income method
3) Investment method
4) Expenditure method
25) ~`^ O W\= H= ^jù `$f~OQO "\ :
(3)
1) `Q ` #k
2) ~ = Q L#k
3) ~Q`#k
4) q Ug H^.
Dy.E.O.2008
26) _. q.H.q.~= Q~ D ~OQO H$+ Ki ?

(1)
1) *fÔ
2) ^~} (General) =Ò
3) H J~ GO
4) OH = J~ GO
27) =#"a=$k z (HDI) x~
=}O UNDP Ja=$k iz#k Z=~
(2)
1) Z.H. <
2) =|LH 3) q.Z. q<
4) ~=q<
28) ~`^ O ~R =#= Ja=$k i~ "^@ K iOz# ~R Ò
(2)
1) H~@H
2) =^ ^
3) PO^ ^
4) L`~ ^
29) D HOk"x GNP Ki LO_xk?
(2)
1) xH~ q^j PÔ
2) |kb KeO
3) _q_O_
4) "~ O Oz @|_x
30) ~`^ O ^q H ~OQO JO> Uk?
(3)
1) iqH ~OQO 2) = ~OQO
3) == ~OQO
4) uH ~OQO
(1)
31) 200607 HO, GNP "~OQO H "\
1) 52 Ò
2) 42 Ò
3) 32 Ò
4) 22 Ò
32) ` O Ô *f^x H OK O Uk?
(4)
1) `=
2) PiH O =
3) }oH O =
4) H O^ Q}OHO
J. L. 2007
33. ^j Lù J<k (Domestic Product is)

1) ^j QO x=OK = K K |_# Lù
2) ^j QO x=OK = =i W`~ K# k
3) ^~} x"` LO_, ^j QO, " Lù K# k
4) ^j QO =i W`~ QO x=t# "~ K# k
z~Orq
155
(2)
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
34. HOk"x Uk ^= O|O^" # ==~O (Financial Transaction)

(4)
1) \# H#_O J=_O
2) ^#=# H#_O J=_O
3) = <# H#_O J=_O
4) +~# H#_O J=_O
(1)
35. XH ^ *fù (GNP) nxH =#O
1. Ô x Lù { q^ #O_ =z# xH~ PÔ
2. Ô x xH~ Lù { q^ #O_ =z# xH~ PÔ
3. ^j PÔ { q^#O_ PÔ
4. xH~ *fù { ZQ=`
36.. =~\ ^~ H~O NDP H Wk =#=
(3)
1) GNP #O_ =^# qxQ=# f"
Q
Q
2) GNP #O_ q^j xH~ P^=# f"
3) GDP #O_ =^# qxQ=# f"
Q 4) GDP q^ xH~ P^= HQ
37. D HOk"x U `= L yOz "= "# NNP x ~|@=K
(2)
2) ^= NNP / ` O=`~ ^~ z 100
1) 100/^= NNP x ^~ z
3) ^= NNP/100 x ` O=`~ ^~ z 4) q Ug H=
38. =~\ ^~ *f^=#, a_ He, # f" # Jk ^xH =#O
1) Lù H~H ^$ *f^= (GNPFC)
(3)
2) =~\ ^~ *f^= (GNPMP)
3) Lù H~H ^$ xH~ *f^= (NNPFC)
4) =~\ ^~ xH~ *f^= (NNPMP)
39. *fÔ q+ =O
(3)
1) Jx KeO
2) Lù J~# == q= "Ò
3) i J~# = = KeO
4) =~HO K# == q=
40. *f^= =i ^j P^= =^ =`" =O>
(1)
1) q^ #O_ xH~ PÔ
2) q^ #O_ xH~ J^$
3) q^ #O_ PÔ
4) q^ #O_ J^$
41. ~`^ *fÔ Ju^ "\ HeyOk
(1)
1) = ~OQO
2) ==O
3) iqH~O QO
4) "~~O QO
42. *f^x H OK_O HOk "x ^xx q#~OKe
(1)
1) q^~ QO@
2) ^ #=Ou rÒ
3) =~ OkOz#
4) WO\ `@ O_Oz# ~Q
43. x["# *fÔ# U qÔ Q O^^=
(2)
1) H#Q K# == # H OK_O
2) Deflating NNP
3) Inflating NNP
z~Orq
4) Relating NNP
156
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
44. *f^x H OK_O g\x q#~OKe

1) ^` ^ K Y~
2) Q$} =
3) O O^
(2)
4) U*O@ O^ Hq+#
D.L. 2007
45. *f^=<k =[ [#O # i # H=#O H^ ZO^HO> (4)

1. [#O =#H "# k H=# H=_xH g ^
2. Jk P^ O} q^<x uaOaOK^
3. ~=~} =~# (=[O) `^
4. = x
46. GNP J<k GDP HO> JkHO Q L#_
(3)
2) q^jH~H xH~ PÔ |}`H=
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
z~Orq
1) q^j H~H xH~ P^= #O

3) q^j H~H xH~ P^= ^< `H=
4) xq` L PiH == H=# ^ =^ Lù H~H Q=#j` ^
HOk "x Uk GDP H O|OkOz#k H^
(4)
1) GDP "x èk
2) GDP `= HO Q (^~}OQ) i~ K _O [~QÒk Hh WK@ O=`~xH i~
K _O J=Òk.
3) GDP JOu= == =~\ q= KOK_O [~QÒk.
4) XH O=`~ HO Jx HOhK Lù K# = =# HQ =z# q"
HOk "x ^xx GDP H OK_xH He^~
(3)
1) Ò [ O_# Jq# ^~
2) Q$} JOkOz# =
3) L yOz# ("_#) H~ _~ H =
4) ^g q~=} K# =$^ KeO K $ u (#<)
HOk "x Uk ~ # k?
(1)
2) GDP = C + I + G + (M X)
1) GDP = C + I + G + (X M)
3) GDP = C + I + G T
4) GDP = [C + I + G + (X M)] `~ Q^
HOk"x Uk i #k H^
(3)
1) NDP J<k GDP #O_ `~Q^ f"Q =Kk
2) GDP H q^j H~H P^x He# GNP H =#=Q#.
3) NDP #O_ `~ Q^ f"
Q GDP =O k
4) GNP #O_ `~ Q^ =i "~ ~H ## f"
Q Jk *f^xH =#=Q#
qq^ H *f^x i_xH HOk "\H O|OkOz# ^Òx "_e.
1) <==` *fÔ
2) "= *fÔ
(2)
3) ` ^~ *fÔ
4) " g H=
HOk "\ U ^ JkH ì P^ =$k ~ @# k # q
(2)
1) GDP =$k ~ @ 4%, [< =$k ~ @ 3% 2) GDP =$k ~ @ 5% [< =$k ~ @ 2%
3) GDP =$k ~ @ 7% [< =$k ~ @ 5% 4) GDP =$k ~ @ 6% [< =$k ~ @ 3.5%
157
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
53. q+ *fÔ HOk =H PÔ ^xx H=

(3)
1) Ò JOkOK x~^Q $ u
2) r=<^~ H=` P^=
3) x= H~ aOK Hq+<
4) Q$ = Q$} KeO Kx "Ò
54. HOk "x Uk ~ # k H^
(2)
1) ~ O_ ~OQ q^#= Q$ =i "}[ ~OQ =^ O|O^x K^= _O [~QÒk
2) ~ O_ ~OQ q^#= ^j =i q^j ~OQ =^ O|O^x K^= _O [~QÒk
3) =_ ~OQ q^#O Q$~OQO, "}[~OQO =i `~OQO QiOz K^= _O
[~QÒk
4) <Q ~OQ q^#O Q$~OQO, "}[~OQO, `~OQO =i q^j~OQO QiOz K^=_O
[~QÒk
NET 2007
55.
# Q}O z#k
(3)
1) =|LH 2) l.ZO."~
3) _q_ "i
4) " ~O^~
56. UNDP 177 ^ HDI # Q} ~` ~OH gx =^ LOk.
(4)
1) 111115
2) 116120
3) 121125
4) 126130
57. W\=~ J`kH =$k ~ @ #"^# O=`~O (*fÔ)
(3)
1) 200607
2) 200506
3) 198889
4) 200304
58. *f^ H O =~ PÔ
(1)
1) GDP { xH~ q^jH~H PÔ { |kb KeO # Oz@|_x
2) GNP + xH~ q^j H~H PÔ { |kb KeO # { Oz@|_x
3) GDP { xH~ q^jH~H PÔ { |kb KeO # { Oz@|_x
4) GNP + xH~ q^j H~H PÔ { |kb KeO # Oz@|_x
PQLI
J.L 2006
59. Lù H~H ^$ *fÔ nxH =#O
(2)
1) =~\ ^~ xH~ *fù Oz@|_x

2) =~\ ^~ xH~ *fù ~H # { a_
3) =~\ ^~ xH~ *fù H~~@ # { a_
4) =~\ ^~ xH~ *fù ~H # { |kb KeO
60. q= ~ JO> (Value Added)
1) i J~# == q=
3) Lù q= =Ô`~ == q=
61. =~ PÔ ^xH =#O
( 3)
2) L`` q= L`^H q=
4) = h
(1)
1) =+ PÔ ` H #
3) =+ PÔ c= KeO
62. *fÔ HOk U JOO K~ |_^
1) O` x"O KeO K J^
3) Q$ <H~ KeO K r`
z~Orq
158
2) =+ PÔ ~H #
4) =+ PÔ { |kb Y~
(2)
2) =^# (Capital gains)
4) @O| = PkOz# "`<
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
63. D HOk "\ Uk |kb Y~# è* O k?

(4)
1) L^Q KeO K |H~ KeO
2) "\^~ KeO K KeO
3) O KeO K a_
4) ^g q~=}^~ KeO K ##
64. XH ^ *fù =~\ ^~ ~.1,65,080 H@ =#O. Lù H~H ^$
*fù ~.1,54,060 H@. a_ ~.4560 H@ J~#_ ~H # "Ò HOk U
q= =#O?
(1)
1) ~.15,580 H@
2) ~.6460 H@
3) ~.1,60,520 H@ 4) ~.1,69,640 H@
65. ~`^ O *f^ JOK< D HOk =# Z^~O@<~(4 )
1) P^ Q}OH H~}
=
2) P^=# ~ # x~K#O W=H=_O
3) ^=O` qx=O Hx ==~
4) = h
66. ~`^ ^jù Ju ^ JOO
1) Q$ ~OQ qxQ =O
3) ` == ` =O
(1)
2) ^j @|_
4) xH~ q^j @|_
Gaz 2006
67. *f^ JOK< _IIq.H.P~.q.~=Q~ L yOz# û

(4)
1) P^ û
2) Lù û
3) Q}OK û 4) P^ Lù ^`
68. PO^ ^ ~RO 2001 <\ =#"a=$k zH q=
(4)
1) 0.444
2) 0.427
3) 0.513
4) 0.416
69. `~ Q^ zOK =Ò, xH~ *fù =i
1) *fÔ
2) =~Ô
3) *fù
(3)
4) =+ PÔ
Group II 2005
70 D HOk"x Uk X
(3)
1) =~ PÔ =+ #O\~
2) q= ~ |kb Y~O\~
3) *fù (GNP) O` `~ Q^/J~Q^ LO@Ok
4) =+ PÔ Oz@|_x He LO\~
71. GNP, GDP =^ ^ O J#Q, HOk"\ Uq GNP He LO\~ ( 2 )
1) |kb Y~
2) xH~ q^j PÔ 3) ^
4) H~~@ #
72. q= ~/H_O (value added) JO>
(4)
1) =~\ ^~ GNP
2) =~\ ^~ NNP
3) =+ PÔOz@|_x HOh
4) Lù Lù "_# =^ qH == =O
73. q^j xH~ PÔ ^xH =#O
(3)
1) ZQ=` kQ=`
2) =^# ~|_=^# KeO
3) q^ #Oz Q Oz# H~H PÔ q^ KeO z# H~H ^~
4) Z<.P~.S. f# PÔ ^j @|_^~ OkOz# PÔ

z~Orq
159
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
74. =~\ ^~ NNP H, Lù H~H ^$ NNP H Q `_ nxH =#O

1) a_# q#~OKx ~H # 2) ` H # { |kb Y~
3) =+ PÔ Oz@x
4) =~ PÔ
(1)
J.L. 2004
75. =#"a=$k zH
q= D =^ LO@Ok.
1) 1100
2) 01
3) 1001000
76. =#"a=$k zH JO= Hxk
1) [## HO #Oz P~ O
2) JH~ ` ~ @ =i ~ Q@
O=`~
3) t =~} ~ @
(HDI)
(2)
4) q Ug H=
(3)
4) PÔ
77. PO^ ^ 1990 ^|= 1980 ^|= HO> ì PÔ ~Q_ xH QH~}O (3)
1) ~Q`# [< =$k~ @
2) H K _O Q ^+O
3) `Q ` # [< =$k~ @
4) ~R ^jù, =YOQ ==~OQO H JkH =$k~ @
78. =~\ ^~ xH~ ^jùH, =~\ ^~ xH~ *fùH =^ Ô
(3)
1) =^# qxQO 2) ~H #
3) q^jxH~ H~HÔ 4) |kb O^#
79. iK~ < D HOk ^x` O|OÔ LOk
(2)
1) i==^ q+ }
2) *f^ q+ }
3) bx~ QqOQ
4) x^ " q+ }
(3)
80. "= ^ x[ ^jù (Real GDP) J#Q
1) XH xs`H O Lù J~# JOu=== =i= "Ò
2) ^=~O H=|_# JOu= = = "`x ^~ p^~ _\ K# k
3) XH Ô < Lù J~# JOu= = =# ^=~O H Oz ^~ p ^~ kOz#
(Deflated) "Ò
4) H~H P^"Ò
81. =+ P^=#Q
(4)
1. Lù H~H ^$ *fÔ { ~H #
2. Lù H~H ^$ *fÔ { O K#
3. Lù H~H ^$ *fÔ Oz@|_# O H ^` KeO
4. LùH~H ^$ *fÔ Oz @|_x O H ^` KeO { |kb
KeO
82. HOk"x i #k Uk
(4)
1) NNP `~ Q^ LO@Ok
2) =+ PÔ Oz@|_x O\~
3) =~ PÔ =+ # O\~
4) xH~ PiH OH = O fiH (Leisure)LO@Ok
z~Orq
160
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
83. xH~ ZQ=` JO>

1) ZQ=` `~ Q^
3) `~ Q^ kQ=`
84. Gross value Added J#Q
(2)
2) ZQ=` kQ=`
4) ZQ=` ZQ=u OHO
(2)
1) Value of Gross out put - Capital consumption

2) Value of Gross out put - Value of inputs used in production
3) Value of Gross out put - Wages
4) Value of Gross out put - Wages - Interest
J.L. 2003 (Back log) & J.L. 2001
85 *fÔ H OK@_ D HOk"x ^xx qxQ == Q iQ}O K~
86.
87.
88.
89.
90.
91.
92.
93.
1) XH H~ HOh ` ~K# H` H~
2) W (Houses)
3) HO_ O_ H~ H#Q K _O
4) "^ *Q` (Medical care)
Double Counting J<k
(2)
1) *f^x ` =Q JOK< " _O 2) *f Lùx Z=Q JOK< " _O
3) *f Lùx Distorting K @
4) *f Lù g^ ` _ =yO WK@
D HOk "x |kb KeO Hxk.
(1)
1) ` L^Q r`
2) x~^Q c= ^
3) ^g q~=} ##
4) P^ =^` H#
XH O H Lù #Oz, Jk "~ O #Oz H#Q K# L`^H# f" ( 1 )
2) =~ qQ q= 3) "Ò Lù 4) = h
1) Value added
D HOk H O GNP Qx, NNP Qx fH~.
(3)
1) `~ Q^
2) = Lù 3) ~=~} H+ =lH =O 4) = h
D HOk JO ^xH _II q.H.P~.q.~=Qi J^ #O JkH ^#` HeOzOk. ( 3 )
1) J~ GO
2) HH =` q+ }
3) *fÔ H O
4) " g H=
=~\ ^~ GNP ~.200 H@ J~`, xH~ q^j H~H PÔ 20 H@, ~H # 20
H@ =i a_ 10 H@ J~# Lù H~H =O =^ GDP ZO`?
(1)
1) 170
2) 180
3) 190
4) 250
GNP =i GDP =^ =Ò nxH =#O
(2)
1) q^j @|_
2) xH~ q^j H~H PÔ
3) xH~ ZQ=`
4) xH~ q^j @|_
_@
~ nxH =Y` =OK#
(4)
1) GNP `Q ^ # H OK@
2) == =~# iK @
3) GNP JkH ~Q^# H OK@ 4) ^~ ~ =~# iK @
94. *f^ JHO\ HOk "x Uk He LO@Ok

1) Q$} =
2) Q~ PÔ (Income of Smugglers)
3) <\ "K" < = (Services of Night Watchman) 4) Services of Monks.
z~Orq
(3)
161
(3)
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
APPSC 2003
95 D HOk"x ^xx *fù K~ ~
(2)
1) q^ #O_ xH~ P^=

2) |kb KeO
3) _q_O_
4) O} K x H~~\
96. Uk i #k H^.
(4)
1) GDP - NDP = `~ Q^
2) =~\ ^~ =^ GNP = Lù H~H = =^ GNP + xH~ ~H #
3) NNP = NDP + xH~ Lù H~H q^j PÔ
4) GNP = NDP + `~ Q^
97. =~\ ^~ =^, *fù ~.5000/ @|_ ~.1000/ =i xH~ @|_
~.800/, ~H # ~.400/ =i a_ ~.100/ J~# Lù H~H = =^
xH~ *fù
(1)
1) ~.4500
2) ~.4000
3) ~.4,800
4) ~.4750
98. *fùH, ~H # =^ Q `_
(1)
1) Lù H~H =O =^ *fÔ 2) =HQ ` PÔ
3) =~ PÔ
4) =~\ ^~ =^ *fÔ
APPSC 2001
99. =~\ ^~ Q}Oz# *f^xH a_ He, sH ## f"# Jk^xH =#O J#Q (2)
1) *fÔ
2) H~H ^$ *fÔ
3) =H PÔ
4) # KeO K=O^ "`< , r`
100. 1990 P^~ O=`~OQ, 2000 O=`~ ^~ p q= 150 J~#K, 2000 ^~ *fù
q= 3,60,000 H@HQ, xH_ ^~ *fù q=
(3)
1) ~. 1, 50,000 H@
2) ~. 1,80,000 H@
3) ~. 2,40,000 H@
4) ~. 2,80,000 H@
101. XH Lùx ~ O_ ~ Q}#K# O^ =# HeQ =O
(2)
1. *fu`x ` =Q JOK<" O k
2. *fùx Z=Q JOK<" O k
3. *fùx iQ JOK< " O k
4. *fùx xH_Q JOK< " O k
102. 1951 #Oz ~` ^ *fù iqH =O (Industrial Origin) ^$
(4)
1) W`~ ~OQ` e#_ ^q H ~OQO "\ "~Q # k
2) kf ~OQ "\ W`~ ~OQ` eK#_ `yO k
3) Jx ~OQ "\ iy#q
4) ^q H ~OQ "\ `y, `$f ~OQ "\, kf ~OQ "\ H< ìÒQ "~Q= `#k.
103. ^= P^x nx` `y (deflating) x*Ô =O k
(1)
1) ^~ zH
2) =oH zH
3) ~~ zH
4) H#Q H zH
z~Orq
162
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
104.
UNDP
^~ 1990 #O_ "_H L# PiHa=$k H=#O
1) Basic needs Index 2) PQLI
(3)
3) HDI
4) Income Index
APPSC 2000
^jù J#Q
(1)
1) XH Ô H ^j PiH H~H 2) XH Ô H q^j "~ O|O^
3) XH Ô H JO`~` "~O
4) XH Ô H PiH =`
106. CSO H O^ Q}OH == O K|_# O=`~O
(1)
1) 1951
2) 1952
3) 1947
4) 1966
107. ~`^ O *f^x JOK< " _xH L y# ^`
(4)
1) Lù P^ û
2) Lù = =kO û
3) P^ = =kO û
4) Lù, P^ = =kO û
108. xH~ *fù O^@
(4)
105.
GDP
1) GNP+D
2. GNP + # + D
109 =#"a=$k z D HOk JO Q=
110.
111.
112.
. 113.
114.
115.
z~Orq
3. GNP + # - D
4) GNP - D
(1)
1) P~Q=, JH~ `, L^y`

2) *f^=, ì PÔ, ì qxQO
3) *fÔ, [< i=}=, ^~} ^~ ~
4) uH =#~, ^= =#~, [< i=}=
UNDP "i =#"a=$k p QO Hxk
(4)
1) ì GDP
2) \# \ #Oz P~ O
3) L=_ ^q H, kf, `$f #"^ x+u 4) ` = |~=` \# Ò
=#"a=$k p HOk"x iQ}#H fHx JO
(2)
Z) n~H eH r=#O =i P~QO
a) =i t= Ja=$k
) q^ =i q*#O
_) =lH <O =i kH~`
W) "~Q # r=# =}O
1) W =`"
2) a _
3) a
4) Z _
2001 ~`^ =#= Ja=$k zH D q= Hey LO^x JOK< "~
(2)
1) 0.785
2) 0.472
3) 0.236
4) 0.416
UNDP "~ HDI Q}# D HOk JOx fH^
( 2)
1) "q H ì ^jùx ~ @ K _O (PPSUS $ Index)
2) A deprivation Index
3) Life expectancy Index (P~ p)
4) Educational Attainment Index (q^^# zH)
=#= Ja=$k zH P^~OQ 2001 ~`^ O "^\ #O## ~RO
(3)
1) t=OQ
2) =~R
3) H ~
4) O*
PO^ ^ ~RO 2001 <\ =#= Ja=$k zH q=
(4)
1) 0.444
2) 0.427
3) 0.513
4) 0.416
163
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
116. ~`^ O *f P^x =kO K @ J#iOK û

(2)
1) "~ += 2) xH~ Q}[ û (Net Product Method)
3) xH~ ZQ=` 4) q^j x
117. =#"a=$k p x~} ^ # te
(2)
1) .P~.|#O^ 2) =|LH 3) q.H.P~.q.~=
4) P~.Z.<
118. GNP J#Q
(4)
1) NNP + ` H #
2) NNP + ZQ=`
3) NNP + ~H #
4) NNP + `~ Q^
119. =+ PÔ nxH =#O
(4)
1) GNP - `~ Q^ 2) NNP - #
3) NI + |kb KeO { Oz@|_x =i H~~@ #
4) NI + |kb KeO Oz@|_x =i H~~@ #
Civils 1995
120. b _~" O\ \eOQ (Patrolling) H L yOK H~ U~H" # == ? ( 4 )

1) O `xH qH~ OK~ H|\ JOu=== 2) Ò uiy qH~ OK^ H|\ qxQ==
3) Ô =^# H#Wk ^^_ # H|\ =^# ==
4) D H~ O` b = qxyOK|_`~ H|\ Wk =^ O`~ ==
121. HOk"xx [` K O_
List - I
(2)
List - II
Z. Lù û
1. == Lù LùH~H O^ P^"Ò
a. = =kO û
2. O=`~HO JOu== = Lù "Ò
. P^ û
3. JOu=== =i =^ O`~ == Lù q="Ò
_. ~ O_~ H O
4. qxQ, @|_ == " \ ` =O
Z.
a.
. _
Z.
a.
.
_
1) 1
4
2
3
2)
2
4
1
3
3) 2
1
3
4
4)
1
3
2
4
(3)
122. GNP 1, 92,866 H@
~ = ^# qxQO 13,371, H@, xH~q ^j H~HÔ 975 H@ J~` NDP ZO`
1) ~. 1,78,520 H@ 2) ~. 2,07,212 H@ 3) ~. 1,80,470 H@ 4) 2,05,262 H@
MP
MP
Civils 1996
123. ` |kb KeO xH~^ j Lù QOH^ ZO^=

1) ` qz |=`Q@K
2) "i J=H=O ''#
3) WO\ KeO Q ` K~=
4) Ò KeO z# "\H |^Q ZO\ = = Lù H=
z~Orq
164
(4)
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
124. [`K
O_
(2)
Z. ~ = ^# qxQO
1. Gross Output JO` i= H#Q
a. Value added
2. Closed Economy *fÔ
. "~O#Oz xH~ PÔ
3. `~ Q^
_. ^j Lù
4. x m
Z a
_
Z
a
_
1)
3 1 2
4
2)
3
1
4
2
3)
1 3 4
2
4)
1
3
2
4
125. ~`^ O *f^x Q}O KO^ L yOK ^`
(4)
1. xH~ Lù û
2. xH~ P^û
3. = =kOû
1) 2 =`"
2) 1 2
3) 3 =`"
4) 1, 2 3
Civils 1997
126. *f^ JHO@ J^#O = [#O Z=Q LOk. ZO^=##Q

(4)
Z. *f^ OQO, i=}O =K =~# `#
a. =[O qq^ =~=^ *f^ O}x `#
. qxQO, @|_=^ *f=O UqÔ Q ql OK|_Ok `#
1) Z a
2) a
3) Z
4) Z, a
127. HOk P^ O|OkOz
(4)
1. =+ PÔ
2. =~ PÔ
3. *fÔ
"\i =}O `Q K # H=O (Descending order) ~ # k Uk.
1) 1, 2, 3
2) 2, 3, 1
3) 3, 2, 1
4) 3, 1, 2
128. 197071 P OII ^~ NDP ~. 34,328 H@ , 197677 ^~ NDP ~. 66,561 H@.
197677 O. NDP 197071 ^~ ~. 40,395 H@. J~` "= NDP ~Q^ ZO`? (2)
1) KC H`y#O`Q ~Q ^
2) ~. 6067 H@, 3)~. 31,193 H@ 4) ~. 66, 561 H@
Civils 1998
129. xq` PiH= = (Closed Economy) q^j"~O LO_^ . JO\ O^~ O HOk"x
~ # k Uk?
(1)
1) GDP=GNP 2) GDP>GNP 3) GDP<GNP 4) GDP # GNP
130. Net National Product (xH~ *fù(H Net material Product (xH~ uH LùH `_# HOk "x
Uk `#
(1)
Z. NNP = H LO_#
a. NNP = q#~OK|_#.
. NMP = H LO_#.
_. NMP =q#~OK|_#.
1) Z =i _
2) a =i _ 3) Z =i _) a =i
z~Orq
165
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
131. ~`^ O U ~OQO = =kO û ^~ *f^x Q} < ~

(3)
1) ==~OQO
2) "x OQ~O QO
3) x~}~OQO
4) ~"}~OQO
132. HOk"xx [`K
O_
(4)
*a` 1
*a` 2
1. îHO JOK<
Z. V.K.R.V.RAO
a. " KH=i
2. *f^ JOK<
. ~*K

3. Development Planning
_. Ô_H~ ~`
4. Hq^#O
1) Z 3, a 4, 2, _1
2) Z 4, a 3, 2, _1
3) Z 2, a 3, 1, _ 4
4) Z 2, a 3, 4, _ 1
Civils 1999
133.
JO`~O J<k gx=^ JO`~x `#

2) GNP=i `~ Q^
1) GNP =i NNP
3) GNP=iGDP
4) Qi+O Q LùHQ GNPH "= , GNPH =^ =Ò (Potential & Actual GNP)
134. OH = H=#OQ ì GNPH Q ^ # iqu Uk?
1) ì GNP iy# us =# r=#=}O ~QH =K
2) iQ [<# Wk H H fH^.
3) Lk J=Hx H H fH^.
4) ` =x H H fH^
GNP
(4)
(1)
Civils 2000
135. *a` 1# *a` 2` [`K

O_?
(2)
*a` 1
*a` 2
Z. "U__
1. ~ ^ ~
a. <==` PÔ
2. Lù =uH
. "q H PÔ
3. OK#
_. |kbKeO
4. ^ ~
1) Z4, a2, a3, _1
2) Z2 a4, 1, _3
3) Z4, a2, 1, _3
4) Z2, a4, 3, _1
136. Value added J#Q nx q=
(3)
1) =~\^~ Lù
2) = =#O_ `~ Q^# f"
Q =Kk
3) = = q= #O_ =^ O`~ = = q=# f" =Kk,
4) Lù H~H Ys^ ^$ Lù
z~Orq
166
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
137. HOk"x i #k Uk?

(1)
1) *fù `~ Q^ H LO@Ok
2) "__ |kb KeO H LO\~
3) =+ PÔ Oz @|_x H LO\~
4) =~ PÔ =+ # He LO\~
138. 198384 ^~ =~\ ^~ GNP 1,92,866 H@ =iLù H~H Ys^ ^$ GNP 1,71,201
H@, P OII Ò KeO z# a_ 5,107 H@ J~` P OII ~H # ZO`? (2)
1). 31, 879 H@
2). 26,772 H@
3). 21,625 H@
4). 16, 558 H@
139. NNPx GNP D QO JkQq OK#. (GNP Exceeds NNP by)
(4)
1) "Ò #
2) ` =O
3) |kb KeO
4) @|_, xH~ @|_ =^ =Ò.
140. O^=$k ~ @ J#Q
(2)
1) O^ [< =$kH O|OkOz#k
2) ~*H$ +K L yOK|_#k. ~` PiH= = =$k =OQi q O=`~xH 3.5%
LO^x "MxOz#k.
3) J=~ <K L yOK|_#k. ~` PiH= = =$k =O Qi q O=`~xH 3.5%
=$k LO^x "MxOz#k.
4) V.K.R.V.RAOK L yKO|_#k. ~` PiH= = =$k =O Qi q =~ 4%
LO^x "MxOz#k.
Civils 2001
141. HOk"x ~`^ O *fÔ# Q}O KO Uk

1) NCAER
142.
2) CSO
3) NSS
(2)
4) RBI
|kb KeO *f^ JOK< QOH^,

Reason (R) : |kb KeO
J<q LùH~H =K KeO H=
(1)
1) A =i R i #", =i R, A ~ # q=~},
2) A =i R i #", Hx R, A ~
# q=~} H^
3) A~ # k =i R ~ # k H^
4) A ~ # kH^ R ~ # k
143. " \ H~~\ ~OQO H ^# zOKq
(2)
1) HOh "Ò
2) Oz @|_x
3) =xH qOz#
4) "\^~ KeO K _q_O_
144. XH PiH= = =~\ ^~ xH~* fÔ $20 " qe#, ~H # $ 2000 g,
a_ $ 1000q, [< 150 g, J~` LùH~H Ys^ ^$ *fÔ ZO`? (2)
1) $ 21,000qe# 2) $19,000 qe
3) $ 23,000
4) $ 22,000
z~Orq
Assertion (A) :
167
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
Civils 2002
145. P^ =kO û *f^x JOK<"# _ HOk "x XH\ QO H^

(4)
1) @H PÔ
2) Oz@|_x 3) q= PÔ
4) OK#
146. XH PiH= = O|OkOz HOk =K~O W=|_#k
(3)
qxQO
5000/
@|_
1000/
` H#Q
800/
ZQ=`
600/
kQ=`
800/
`~ Q^
250/
J~` =~\ ^~ GNP ZO`?
1) 7100
2) 6850
3) 6600
4) 6350
147. ~` iqH =$k~ @ 6%=x TOKO_. ^ GDP iqH ~OQO "~ 25% J~` ^
GDP =$k iqH =$k ZO`?
(4)
1) 3%
2) 2.5%
3) 2%
4) 1.5%
148. HOk "M< ~ # k Uk
(3)
Z. XH PiH= = L`^H =~ O ~QÒÔ> " \ ^j @|_ `~ Q^# JkQq OK#
a. ` |} =_ *fÔ QO H^, Hx =+P Ô QO.
. W<O@s qi OKHn @|_ LO ~O [iy#@
_. ##` WO_ H#Q @|_ QOQ GNP fHO\~.
1) Z =i a
2) =i _
3) Z, a =i _
4) Z, =i _
Civils 2003
149. =~\ ^~ GNP 10,000/ xH~ q^H ~H PÔ 1000/, ~H # 800/, a_ 500/
`~ Q^ 1000/, J~# GDP ZO`?
(1)
1) 9000
2) 4,000
3) 7,700
4) 13, 300
150. *a` 1#, *a` 2` [`~ K=
(2)
*a` 1
*a` 2
Z. =^# qxQO
1. LùH~H ^$ NI H OK@C_ Q} ~
a. a_
2. =~ PÔ H OK@C_ q#W~ .
. =+ #
3. =+ =x H OK@_ q#W~
_. =+ ^
4. NNP H OK @C_ q#~OK|_#
Z
a
_
Z
a
_
1) 3
1
2
4
2)
4
1
2
3
3) 3
2
1
4
4)
4
2
1
3
MP
z~Orq
168
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
151.
Z.
a.
.
_.
HOk"xH O|OkOz ~ # k Uk?

(4)
^~ iQHO ` ^ ~ NNP, ~^~ NNP HO> ` =Q LO@Ok.
^~ iQHO ` ^~ NNP, ~^~ NNPHO> Z=Q LO@Ok.
^~ ~Q^ ` O|OÔ O_ ` ^~ NNP, ~^~ NNP =#OQ LO_#.
^~ =~ #C_ (Stable Pirces) ` ^~ NNP, ~ ^ ~ NNP =#OQ LO_#.
1) Z =i a
2) Z =i
3) a =i
4) a =i _
152. 1985 #O_ 1995 O=`~xH GNP 1000 H@#O_ 1500 H@ iQ#. W^ HO ^~ p
100#Oz 200H iQ#. J~` 1985 ^~ 1995 <\GNPZO`?
(2)
1) 1000 H@ ~. 2) 750 H@ ~.
3) 1500 H@~ .
4) 500 H@ ~.
153. |kb KeO , Capital gains, K@ =u~Y H~H O|OkOz i #k Uk
(2)
1) |kb Ke , H @ Q ~< # He, K@= u~Y H~H# *fù q#~~ .
2) |kb KeO , H @ Q ~<, K@ =u~YH~H# *fù #Oz q#~~ .
3) |kb KeO He, H @ Q ~< K@ =u~Y H~H *fù #O_ q#~~ .
4) D =_ =~\ H~H *fù H`~.
154. ~`^ *f^xH ^ # P^~O
(3)
1) ^q H ~OQO
2) kf ~OQO
3) `$f ~OQO
4) q^j~OQO
Civils 2004 & 2005
155. HOk"x XH\ `C Q W=|_Ok. Jk Uk

(4)
1) *fÔ Lù H~H Ys^ ^$ xH~ *fù
2) NNP = GNP - D
3) =~\ ^~ NDP Lù H~H Ys^ ^$ NDP{ xH~ ~H #
4) GNP = GNP xH~ q^j H~H PÔ
156. PiH= = GDP "iH =$k~ @ 5%, "iH [< =$k~ @ 2%, "iH `~ Q^ 0.1% HQ, "iHO Q
(4)
ì GDP ~Q^ ZO`
1) 2.4%
2) 2.5%
3) 2.9%
4) 3.0%
Civils 2006
157. Lù H~H Ys^ ^$ xH~ *fù (NNP ) QO Hxk

(3)
1) Oz @|_x
2) @HO 3) `~ Q^
4) =_
158. ~. 1000 q=Q XH`# `~ KO^ ~. 500 q=Q ~yx, 100~. q=Q W`~
"\i# L yOz, "`< Q 100~. KeO K#. J~`Lù H Value Added ZO`?
(4)
1) 1000/
2) 500/
3) 400/
4) 300/
159. HOk"x i #k Uk
(1)
1) P^~ O=`~O, ` ^~ GDP, ~ ^ ~ GDP XH LO_#
2) ` ^~ GDPJ<k P^~O II ^~ JOu= Lùx z =K#.
3) ~ ^ ~ GDP J<k P^~ OII ^~ JOu= Lùx z =K#.
4) ` OII ^~ , ` ^~ GDP, ~^~ GDP XH LO_#.
FC
z~Orq
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Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
160.
161.
162.
163.
1) 1 3
2) 1 2
3) 3 4
4) 2 4
~`^ O 200304 "= GDP 8% =$kx JkQq OzOk. J~` QÒ U =_O=`~ "=
GDP 8% HO> Z=Q #"Ô
k.
(1)
1) 196768, 197576 =i 198889
2) 196667, 198081, 199495
3) 195556, 198283, 200102
4) 197273, 198586, 19992000
HOk"xx ijeOz H_#L yOz i #k Z#H#O_.
(4)
Assertion (A) : ^"} HO "=
PÔ ^= PÔ HO> Z=
Reason (R) : "=
PÔ ^= PÔ / ^~ p
1) A =i R i #". R J<k A H i # q=~}
2) A =i R i #" Hx R J<k A H i # q=~}H^
3) A i #k Hx R `C
4) A `C Hx R i #k
~`^ O *f^ JOK< nx P^~_ L#q
(3)
2) net out put Method =`"
1) net Income Method =`"
3) net Income, net output, =i net expenditure methods 4) net Expenditure method =`"
# # Pie-chart GDP qq^~ O Q "\ e=|_#. J=~} H=O HOk~OQ# J=~O_.
qxQ ==
(2)
x~}O
==O
=^#
==
"~OQO
"xOQ
J_=
1) `$f~OQO
2) kf ~OQO
3) ^q H ~OQO
z~Orq
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ECONOMY
1) 1, 2, 3
2) 1, 3, 2
3) 3, 1, 2
4) 3, 2, 1
Civils 2007
164. *f^ JHO@ HOk"x ^xx fO\~

Z) +~, O_ H#Q (Purchase of shares and bonds)
a) ~ _x @|_ q= (Value of residential Investment)
) O qxQ Lù q= (Value of production for self consumption)
_) =^ O`~ == q= (Value of Intermediate goods)
1) Z a
2) a =`"
3) a
4) _
165. HOk "H# ijeOz H_# yOz i # ^xx Z#H#O_
Assertion (A) : GNP Z _ GDP HO> Z=Q LO@Ok
Reason (R) : GNP x OÔ^ GDPH NFIA K~~
(3)
(4)
Codes :
1) A =i R ~ O_ i #". =i R J<k A H i # q=~}

2) A =i R ~ O_ i #". Hx A H R i # q=~} H^.
3) A i #k R `C Q LOk
4) A `C Q LOk R i #k
166. HOk ~OQ 200506 OIIxH "= GDP Jq JOkOK "\ |\ ~ # J=~} H=x
Z#H#O_
(4)
1. ==O J#|O^~ O Q
2. i=
3. x~}O
4. H=x\, =lH =HQ ` =
1) 1432
2) 1243
3) 2134
4) 2143
Civils 2008
167.
Value of output =i Value - addedH =^ `_# HOk"x XH\ `H#@^~ Q OK=K
1) =^ O`~ Lù H~H q= (Value of Intermediate inputs)

2) xH~ ~H # q= (Value of net indirect Taxes)
3) kQ=`q= (Value of Imports)
4) ~ = ^# qxQO (Value of consumption of fixed capital)
168. HOk JOO|OkOz
<==` GNP =~ Ò 1.8
[< =~ Ò 0.5
^~ ~ =~ Ò 1.3
z~Orq
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(1)
(1)
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
"= ì GNP =~ `" O`

1. #
2. 0.5
3. 1.0
4. 1.3
169. *fÔ #Oz =~Ô OÔ^
(1)
1. P^ # q#~Oz |kb KeO K~e
2. P^ # q#~Oz |kb KeO _ q#~OKe
3. P^ # Ki |kb KeO _ K~e
4. P^ # Ki |kb KeO q#~OKe.
170. *f^ JHO\OQ "` xH~ "` (Gross Aggregates and net aggregates) =^
`_
(2)
1. xH~ ~H # q=
2. ~ =^# qxQ q=
3. =^ O`~ qxQ q=
4. JOu= qxQ = q=
Civils 2009
171. *f^ "` O|OkOz =~\ ^~ q=, LùH~H Ys^ ^$ q= `_ Uk

(2)
1. ~ =^# qxQO
2. a_ # xH~ ~H # q=
3. xH~ q^j H~H PÔ4. ~H # # a_ q=
172.. =+ PÔ 57,000 ~II =+ # ~II 9,000/ qxQO ~II 43,000/ =_ KeO ~II
10,000/, =+ ^ 40,000. J~` =~Ô
(3)
1. ~II 50,000/
2. ~II 47,000/
3. ~II 48,000/
4. ~II40,000/
173. HOk "x U O=`~O ~ ^~ Lù H~H Ys^ ^$ GDP J`kH =$k ~@# He LOk. (1)
1. 200607
2. 200506
3. 200405
4. 200708
174. ~ ^~ 9=, 10= OK=~ }oH Lù H~H Ys^ ^$ GDP =$k ~@ #"Ôk (2)
1. 6.0% 8.0%
2. 5.5% 7.8%
3. 5.5% 7.4%
4. 5.8% 8.5%
175. ~ ^~ 10= OK=~ }oH O|OkOz U O=`~O J`kH ì P^ =$k ~ @ #"Ô k
(4)
1. 200304
2. 200405
3. 200506
4. 200607
176. ~`^ O *fÔ JOK< O|OkOz iqu Uk
(2)
Z. ^" `~ ~OQO Lù
a. z# Lù^~ =i Q$~OQ O #Oz =K~O O HH=_O
. x"kOK|_x K@ =u~H ^=O
_. ^"}O
1. Z,a,_
2. Z,a
3. a
4. Z_
z~Orq
172
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
GROUP - I
=ki
1.
*f^=# x~zOz, U qÔ Q JOK< "~ Ò_.
2.
*f^ JOK<# ~x, =kOK@_ q#~OK JO Ò_.
3.
~` PiH == *fÔ =z# x~}`H =~# q=iOz ZO^ Lkx

OKH =K#^ Ò_.
4.
~` PiH == qq^ ~OQ P^~_ # q Ò =~ Z\ LOk? D ~O

=~ f~=_xH fH=# K~ zOKO_?
5.
ì PÔ =$k, ^~} Ò`xH ~O, ÒÒ `~ "` U qÔ Q L<~?
6.
=#"a=$k z x~}O f< JO ~x =#"a=$k ~` H}

O ^? q+ O K=.
7.
PO^ ^ # ^$+ @Hx =$kH, =#"a=$kH Q O|O^x q+ O K=.
8.
GDI
9.
qq^ ~ =#"a=$k p# ie 2001 NHDR =MO# Ò_.
x JO# ~x, D =^ HOx GDI ~` #O Z LOk?
10. ''~` =#"a=$k ~Qux è, P kQ ~` fO@# K~ q=iOKO_.

REFERENCE BOOKS
NATIONAL INCOME
A.P. ECONOMY
1.
DUTT & SUNDARAM - INDIAN ECONOMY
1. SOCIO-ECONOMIC SURVEY 2008-09
2.
MISRA & PURI
2. A.P.
3.
~` PiH == =
3. 50 years of A.P.
4.
II BA (Telugu Academy)
4. Current DATA
5.
Macro Economics - Dhingra
6.
Economic Survey 2008-09 (India)
z~Orq
173
PiH O~}
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
PRACTICE TEST
1. Ò`xH ~O ~`Ô *f^x

û JOK< "#k Z=~?
1. V.K.R.V. ~=
2. ^^~ <~l
3. P.C.= < a
4. J.R.H
2. ^j Lù J#Q?
1. ^ QoH i^ ^jK K|_ Lù.
2. ^ QoH i^ ^j =i
W`~K K|_ Lù.
3. ^jK ÔQx ^ |@Qx K Lù
4. ^ QoH i^ W`~ =`" K Lù.
3. ~ ` Pi H == kf ~ O Q = ^ x x H e y
LO_^.
1. `s ~OQ=
2. x~}=
3. Q# `=HO 4.
q^` Q, h\ ~~
4. =~\ ^~ xH~ ^jù nxH =#=?
1. GNP-=^ # qx Q =
2. GNP-xH~ q^jH~HÔ
3. GDP-= ^# qxQ=
4. GDP+xH~ q^jH~HÔ
5. V.K.R.V. ~= ^xH Z= = JOkOK#?
1. OH= J~GO
2. HH =` =` q+}
3. *f P^ JHO@ 4.
^ i H =
6. *fùH, ^jùH =^Q `_
nxH =#=?
1. q^j @|_ 2. xH~ ZQ=`
3. xH~ q^jH~H^= 4. xH~ q^j @|_
7. HOk "x q` ==~=(Financial Transaction) Uk?
1. \ (Plot) H#Q J=H=
2. P~^< H#Q J=H=
3. =#= H#Q, J=H=
4. +~ J=H=, H#Q.
8. [< =$k ~@ 2%, *fù =$k~@ 8%
J~` ì P^ =$k ~@?
1. 7%
2. 4%
3. 6%
4. 10%
9. "= *f P^x Z O^=K?
1. = Lùx Q}OK@ ^~
2. NNPx _\ K@ ^~
3. NNPx W<\ (Inflating NNP)K@ ^~
z~Orq
174
4. NNPx i\ K@ (reflating NNP)^~

10.=+ P^=, =~ P^= =^ `_ nxH
= #=?
1. qxQ ==
2. =+ #
3. `~Q^
4. ^
11. *f^ Q}# nxx q#~~?
1. ` OÒ J=Q =z# P^=
2. @s ^~ =K P^=
3. +~ J=HO = =z# P^=
4. = x
12. 2010-11 PiH ~ H~=, 2010-11 (Advanced JOK<), O=`~xH ` ^~ ~`
^jù ZO` LO_Q^x JOK< "#?
1. 49,86,426 H@
2. 55,82,623 H@ 3.
65, 50, 271 H@
4. 78,77,947 H@
13."= *f P^= ZC_ q`= KO^#
J#Q?
1. [ Z=Q `Q@ =# (People take
more to drink)
2. Lù H X_^_ L#C_
3. Lù x~O`~OQ iy#C_
4. ^~ x~O`~OQ iy#C_
14.2010 =#"a=$k x"kH H~= HOk ^
`= P~O Q ^=?
1. ~`^=
2. |OQ^
3. H<
4. W~<
15.^^~ <~l =# Ô "^\ iQ *f
P^ x JOK < " # C _ *f , ` i
P^ =~Q
1. ~.1689 H@, ~.62
2. ~.250H@, ~.30
3. ~.240 H@, ~.25
4. ~.340 H@, ~.20
16. PO^^ ~RO ~ ^~ GSDPx JOK<
"O^ Ò fH< P^~ O=`~O?
1. 1993-94
2. 1999-2000
3. 2000-2001
4. 2004-2005
17. ^~}OQ *fÔ J#Q
1. =~\ ^~ *fù
2. =~\ ^~ xH~ *fù
3. Lù H~H Ys^ ^$ ^jù
4. Lù H~H Ys^ ^$ xH~ *fù
18. ~ ^~ Lù H~H Ys^ ^$ ~`
^jù J`kHOQ #"^# O=`~O Uk?
1. 10= }oH z=i O=`~O
2. 7= }oH z=i O=`~O
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
3. 7= }oH 4= O=`~O
4. =<`H =i Q}OH = ~O_ H=.
4. 10= }oH 2= O=`~O
28. *fÔ# nxx H@ ^~ O^=K.
19. H O k "x PO^ ^ ~R L` u x
1. q P^=
Q}OKO^ LyOK û?
2. P, ==# #Oz =K P^=
1. xH~ P^ û =`"
3. O Lk =K q= PÔ
2. xH~ P^, = û =`"
4. = x
3. xH~ P^, Lù, = ^`
29.`~Q^ J<k, nxH H~# q=
4. xH~ Lù û =`".
1. qxQ ==
2. =^# P
20. |kb KeO# *f^ JHO@ fHH
3. K~ P
4. JOu= ==
=_xH H~}=?
30. ì P^= D O^~O ~Q#?
1. Jq PiH H~H KeOK u H=
1. GNP =i [< XH ~@ iy#_
2. "\x YzÒQ Q}OK =~O ^.
2. GNP =i [< ~O_ `y#_
3. Jq =+ PÔ J\H Q" LO\~.4.
3. [< HO> GNP ~Q^ "QOQ L#C_
Jq HOh Q" LO\~. H|\.
4. [< ~Q^ HO> GNP ~Q^
21. PO^^ =#"a=$k zx xiOK ^`
<=kQ L#C_
Wk K\#k
31. ` O ~ ` ^ O ^ q H ~ O Q O #Oz =z#
1. ~R PiH Q}OH Y
P^ =
2. PiH =lH P^# HO^=
1. "~OQO HO> Z=Q#, kf~OQO HO>
3. HO^ Q}OH O
4. ~R }oH ~
`=Q L#k
22. PO^^ =#"a=$k z "^\ #O
2. kf, `$f ~OQ HO> Z=Q LOk
xez# l
3. kf, `$f ~OQ HO> `= LOk
1. H
2. `~ Q^=i
4. `$f ~OQO HO> `=Q#, kf ~OQO
3. ^~^
4. qY @ O
HO> Z=Q# L#k.
23. PO^ ^ 2010-11 O =` ~ O J_< _ 32.''"= "O #Oz ^="O Jq~qOk.
JOK< ` ^~ ì PÔ =~?
H O k "x XH \ D "M<xH O |Ok O z#k
1. 40"
2. 50"
H^ ?
3. 60"
4. 70"
1. "`# KeO
2. == KeOK ^~
24. ~ ^~ PO^^ ~RO J`kH, J`
3. @HO KeO
4. OK# KeO
ì PÔ Q l.
33. NNP HO> GNP Z=Q LO_k
1. ^~^, q[#Q~O 2. qY@O, NHO
1. "Ò # i=}=
3. qY@O, q[#Q~O
2. ` ==
3. |kb KeO
4. ^~^, NHO
4. @|_H, xH~@|_H =^ Q =Ò
25. 11= O K = ~ } oH " ^ \ 4 O =` ~ 34. GNP Gap( GNPJO`~=) nx =^ `_# `#
PO^^ ~RO #"^ K# Q@ =$k ~@?
1. GNPH NNPH =^ `_
1. 7.93%
2. 8.16%
2. NNP -H+ =
3. ^ " }O- NNP
3. 5.3%
4. 9.2%
4. O=`~O Lù K Q Qi+ GNP-"= GNP
26. ~O_ ~ HO= HeQ e`=?
35. GNP Qx, NNP Qx Wk He LO_^.
1. *f Lù JOQ JOK< "|_#
1. `~Q^
2. = Lù
2. *f Lù JkHOQ JOK< "|_#
3. ~=~} HxH OH =O
3. *f LùH O|OkOz `C`= \OK
4. = x
36. ~`Ô "^\ OK=~ }oH #Oz
=yO =K#
1. *f PÔ ~QÒk. ì PÔ
4. UnH^
=~^
27.~`^ O O\ Ja=$k KO^`# ^ *fÔ
Q}O K@C_ PiH "` Z^~< =?
2. *fÔ ~QÒk. Hx ì
PÔ `Q`#k
1. =<`H = 2. Q}OH =
3. *fÔ ~QÒk. ì PÔ
3. =<`H, =i Q}OH =
z~Orq
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
175
ECONOMY
`= ~@` ~QÒk.
3. =+ P^=
4. "@ P^=
4. *f, ì P^ ~O_ "QOQ
45.*fÔ #Oz =~^x OÔ^
~ Q ` #q
1. P^ ## Ki |kb KeO # _ K~e.
37.1949 *f^ Hq\
2. P^ ## Ki |kb KeO# f"e.
1. = <a, ^^ <~r, Q_
3. P^ ## f" |kb KeO He
2. =H, |#OÔ, = <a
4. P^ ## f" |kb KeO _ f"
e.
3. V.K.R.V.~=, = <a, =< *<\ 4. 46.@|_ nxH uxÔ =OK#?
= <a, Q_, V.K.R.V.~=
1. P^ "x `yOK#.
2 P^ "x OK#.
38. HOk"x *f P^ JHO\ Hek?
3. P^ "x `yOK# =i OK#.
1. Q$} =
2. Q~ PÔ
4. UnH^
3. <\ "K"< =
47.=~\ ^~ GNP 500 H@, xH~ q^jH~HÔ
4. < = (Monks)
39.=~\ ^~ *f PÔ HO>, ~ ^~
50 H@, ~H # 40 H@, c_ 20 H@
*f PÔ ZC_ Z=Q LO@Ok. J#Q?
J~` Lù H~H Ys^ ^$ GDP ZO`?
1. ^~ `Q`#C_ 2.^~ ~Q`#C_
1. 470 H@
2. 490 H@
3. ~ ^~ L#C_ 4.= =~`#C_
3. 610 H@
4. 430 H@
40. 2010-11 J_< _ JOK < PO^ ^ ~R 48. <Q ~OQ PiH == P^ KH "xH
LùH qq^ ~OQ JOkOK "\ `QK#
z^ (Leakages)Q x Kq?
A . ^
B. @ | _
H = O
1. =-== O- i =
C. #
D . kQ =`
2. =- i = - == O
E. ` =O
F. ZQ =`
3. i = -== O- =
HOk H_# LyOz i#k Z#H#=?
1. A,B,C
2. A,C,D
4. == O-=- i =
3.
A,C,E
4.
C,D,F
41.~` PiH == P^ =kO ûx D ~OQO
aOK P^x Q}OKO^ LyOK@ ^? 49. O^ =$k ~@ J#Q?
1. q<^< K K |_ == =$k 3.5% LO_@
1. OHOQ, c=
2. ~*H+K K |_ *f^ =$k 3.5% LO_@
2. q^`, Q, h\ ~~
3. J=~ <K L yOK|_ PiH =$k 3.5% LO_@
3. il~ =#HiOQ Z a+"O\
4. ~* H+K LyOK|_ "^\ =_
4. ` #
^H *f^ =$k 3.5% LO_@
42. Q "i`= nxH O|OkOz#k?
50. Lù H~H Ys^ ^$ xH~ *fù HO>
1. J L^y` "`# H` J=~=
= ~ \ ^ ~ xH ~ *f ` u Z C _ Z =
2. PÔ iQ Hk ^= LO` [#O H} O k.
LO@Ok. J#Q?
3. *f P^ JHO\ ~H ~ K
1. ` c_ > ~H #
KeOx = fHH=_O
2. ` c_ < ~H #
4. Un H^
43. HOk "x i# "H"k?Lù q= =i
3. ` c_ = ~H #
q= K ~ =^ ` _ H O k "x XH \ ` e
4. ` c_ ~H #
K=K.
KEY
1. =Ô`~ L`^H q=
1.1 2.2 3.3
4.3 5.3
6.3
7.4
8.3 9. 2 10.2 11.4 12.4 13.3 14.1
2. xH~ ~H # q=
15.4 16.4 17.4 18.3 19.3 20.1 21.2
3. kQ=` q=
22.3 23.3 24.4 25.1 26.2 27.3 28.4
4. ~ =^# qxQ q=
29.2 30.3 31.3 32.4 33.4 34.4 35.3
44. = ~ ^ =# Q $ ~ O Q O K e O K ` H
36.3 37.4 38.3 39.1 40.2 41.3 42.3
# Ki Jk nxx =#=?
43.1 44.3 45.3 46.2 47.4 48.2 49.4
1. H~H ^~ xH~ *fù
50.2
2. =~\ ^~ xH~ ^jù
z~Orq
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
176

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ECONOMY

Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530

Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530

*f^O =#"a=$k p ~R L`u

Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530

Knowledge based Questions :

Zxq^= OK=~ }oH "^\# k U O=`~O ?

Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530

`O`= ~H=O^ "^\ iQ *f^x H Oz#^=~ (1= x\ *f^O)

H|\ WO_ < ZH#gx J^ #O K@_ Concepts Z= ^$+ i Facts QiOKH"e.

Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530

APPSC (GROUP - II) 2008

~`^= `O`= ~H=O^ "^\ iQ *f P^x HOz#^=~?

`O`xH ~O =#^O *f^x "^\ iQ Q}O z#"~ ^^ <~l. 186768

Lù H~H ^$ *fùH<, =~\ ^~ *fù Z=Q LO_@ H~}O

= L`uH ^^_ L`u H~H# q, =, =^# O, ==# @HO, "`# O, =_,

Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530

*f P^O Z= "`= U ~OQ= #O_ =#k

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