ECE330 Spring 2014

Problem 1

+ I1
V1

Req

Rc

I2/a

jXeq
V2

jXm

Load

_
10:1

Turns ratio a = 2200/220 = 10.

Rc' = a 2 Rc = 19500
X m' = a 2 X m = 17000
Assume V2 = 2150 0 V,
Load current:
10000
I2 =
cos 1 (0.96 ) = 46.51 16.26 0 A
215
Primary voltage:
I
V1 = (Req + jX eq ) 2 + aV2 = (6 + j10 )4.651 16.26 0 + 21500 0 = 21900.964 0 V
a
At no-load, I 2 a = 0 , hence V2(no load ) = 2190 10 = 219 V

% voltage regulation =

219 215
100 = 1.86%
215

Iron/core loss:
V 2 2190 2
Pi = 1' =
= 245.95 W
Rc 19500
Copper loss:
2
2
Pc = Req (I 2 a ) = 6(4.651) = 129.8 W
Efficiency:
10000 0.96
=
100% = 96.23%
10000 0.96 + 245.95 + 129.8

Problem 2
Load power:
Po = 25000 0.8 = 20000 W
Iron loss would negligibly change at full-rated load current, hence Pi = 140 W.
At full-rated current, the current is doubled, hence the copper loss will increase 4 times, i.e.
Pc ( full rated ) = Pc (half rated ) 4 = 400 W
Efficiency:
20000
=
100% = 97.37%
20000 + 140 + 400

3.19
a)

+ I1
V1

Req

Rc

I2/a

jXeq
V2

jXm

Load

_
10:1

Turns ratio a = 2000/200 = 10.

V 2 200 2
Rc = oc =
= 66.67
Poc
600
Rc' = a 2 Rc = 10 2 66.67 = 6667

IR =

Voc
200
=
=3
Rc 66.67

I X = I oc2 I R2 = 8 2 3 2 = 7.416
Xm =

Voc
200
=
= 26.97
IX
7.416

X m' = a 2 X m = 10 2 26.97 = 2697

Psc 2000
=
= 0.8
I sc2
50 2
V
100
= sc =
=2
I sc
50

Req =
Z eq

X eq = Z eq2 Req2 = 2 2 0.8 2 = 1.833

b)
Full-rated secondary current:
100000
I2 =
= 500 A
200
Assume V2 = 2000 0 , the load current will be I 2 = 500 cos 1 (0.8) = 500 36.87 0 A
Primary voltage:
I
V1 = (Req + jX eq ) 2 + aV2 = (0.8 + j1.833)50 36.87 0 + 20000 0 = 20881.35 0 V
a
At no-load, I 2 a = 0 , hence V2(no load ) = 2088 10 = 208.8 V

% voltage regulation =

208.8 200
100 = 4.4%
200

c)
Assume V2 = 2000 0 , the load current will be I 2 = 500 cos 1 (0.6 ) = 50053.13 0 A
Primary voltage:
I
V1 = (Req + jX eq ) 2 + aV2 = (0.8 + j1.833)5053.137 0 + 20000 0 = 19532.55 0 V
a

At no-load, I 2 a = 0 , hence V2(no load ) = 1953 10 = 195.3 V

% voltage regulation =

195.3 200
100 = 2.35%
200

3.20
Efficiency:

V2 I 2 cos
V2 I 2 cos + Pi + I 22 R2eq

If V2 and are constant, efficiency is a function of load current I2. Differential of efficiency can be
expressed as
2
d V2 cos V2 I 2 cos + Pi + I 2 R2eq V2 I 2 cos (V2 cos + 2 I 2 R2eq )
=
2
dI 2
V2 I 2 cos + Pi + I 22 R2 eq

V2 cos Pi I 22 R2eq

(V I

2 2

cos + Pi + I 22 R2 eq

Efficiency will reach maximum value when d dI 2 = 0 , i.e.

Pi I 22 R2eq = 0 or Pi = I 22 R2 eq
Special problem 1
a)
Primary voltage of the transformer:
V1 = 4.44 fN 1 max
If the flux density (and therefore the flux) were to be held at the same value, the following
relationship holds
V1( f1 )
f
= 1
V1( f 2 )
f2
Therefore, the applied voltage at 50 Hz will be V1(50 ) =

50
50
V1(60 ) =
240 = 200 V
60
60

b)
The rated current will be the same (since the windings stay unchanged), therefore, the rated
apparent power will be
S (60 )
1000
S (50 ) = V1(50 )
= 200
= 833 VA
V1(60 )
240

Special problem 2
jxl1

R1

+
V1

a2R2

ja2xl2
Ideal

I1

I2/a
Rc1

jXm1
b

I2

aV2

ZL

V2
20:1

Turns ratio a = 2200/110 = 20.

Assume V2 = 1100 0 V,
Load current:
110000
I2 =
0 0 = 10000 0 A
110
Voltage across magnetizing branch:
I
Vab = a 2 R2 + ja 2 xl 2 2 + aV2 = (0.2 + j 2 )500 0 + 22000 0 = 2212.32.59 0 V
a
Magnetizing current:
V
V
2213.3
2213.3
I = ab + ab =
2.59 0 +
2.59 0 90 0 = 0.4932 j1.993 A
Rc1 jX m1 5494.5
1099
Magnetizing branch impedance:
R jX m1
Z m1 = c1
= 211.4 + j1056.7
Rc1 + jX m1
Primary current:
I
I 1 = I + 2 = 50.4932 j1.993 = 50.53 2.26 0 A
a
Primary voltage
V1 = (R1 + jX 1 )I 1 + Vab = (0.22 + j 2 )50.53 2.26 0 + 2212.32.59 0 = 22345.15 0 V

At no-load, I 2 a = 0 , hence V2(no load ) =

% voltage regulation =

Z m1
V1
= 111.5 V
Z m1 + Z l1 a

111.5 110
100 = 1.36%
110

Iron/core loss:
V2
2212 2
Pi = ab =
= 890 W
RC1 5494.5
Copper loss:
2
2
2
Pc = R1 I 12 + a 2 R2 (I 2 a ) = 0.22(50.53) + 0.0005(1000) = 1062 W
Efficiency:
110000 1
=
100% = 98.26%
110000 1 + 890 + 1062