Engr. Rolie A.

Castro

A steam turbine with rated capacity of 56,400

kW operates with steam at inlet conditions of
8,600 kPa and 500oC, and discharges into a
condenser at a pressure of 10 kPA Assuming
the turbine efficiency of 0.75, determine the
state of the steam at discharge and the mass
flow rate of the steam.

Water at 45oC and 10 kPa enters an adiabatic

pump and is discharge at a pressure of 8,600
kPa. Assume the pump efficiency to be 0.75.
Calculate the work of the pump, the
temperature change of the water, and the
entropy change of the water.

A steam power cycle.

Q stack,out
Combustion
Products

Q in
Steam
Turbine

Fuel
Air
Pump

W pump,in

Heat
Exchanger

Cooling Water

Q out

Mechanical Energy
to Generator

W turbine,out
System Boundary
for Thermodynamic
Analysis

A Rankine power plant operates on steam at

a boiler pressure of 500 psia. If the condenser
pressure is maintained at 2 psia and the steam
leaves the boiler superheated 400oF, calculate
the efficiency of the cycle and the quality of the
steam leaving the turbine.

* A fuel is burned within the engine itself, and

the combustion products serves as the working
medium, acting on a piston of the cylinder.
Air Standard Power Cycle
a. Otto Cycle
b. Diesel Cycle
c. Brayton Cycle
External Heat Source Power Cycles
a. Stirling Cycle
b. Ericsson Cycle

Spark Ignition

Compression ignition

1-2
2-3
3-4
4-1

;
;
;
;

Isothermal compression with heat rejection

Constant pressure with heat addition
Isothermal expansion with heat addition
Constant pressure with heat rejection

An engine operates on the air standard Otto

cycle. The conditions at the start of
compression are 80oF and 14.7 psia. The heat
added is 2100 BTU/lb-mole of air. The
compression ratio is 10:1. Determine:
a. the pressure and temperature at each
state in the cycle.
b. the thermal efficiency of the engine.
c. the mean effective pressure.

Process Operation
1-2
2-3
3-4
4-1

;
;
;
;

Isobaric absorption of heat at low temp.

Adiabatic compression
Isobaric rejection of heat at high temp.
Adiabatic expansion

Condenser

W in

Compressor

Electrical Power In

Q in
Evaporator
Expansion
Valve

Q out

A vapor compression type of plant employing

tetrafluoroethane as refrigerant is to be designed
for a capacity of 10 tons of refrigeration when
operating between a condenser temperature of
140oF and an evaporator temperature at -20oF.
Assuming that the compression process is
reversible and adiabatic and that the vapor leaving
the evaporator is saturated, determine:
a. the refrigeration effect
b. the circulating effect
c. the power required
d. COP
e. heat rejected

A house has a winter heating requirement of 30

kW and a summer cooling requirement of 60 kW.
Consider a heat pump installation to maintain the
house temperature at 20oC in winter and 25oC in
summer. This requires circulation of refrigerant
through the interior exchanger coils at 30oC in
winter and 5oC in summer. Underground coils
provide the heat source in winter and the heat sink
in summer. For a year round ground temperature of
15oC, the heat transfer characteristics of the coils
necessitates refrigerants temperature of 10oC in
winter and 25oC in summer. What are the minimum
power requirements for winter heating and summer
cooling?

A 2000 ft3 boiler is operated at constant

pressure of 200 psia. Initially, the boiler contains
saturated liquid water and saturated steam at
equilibrium with each other. During a cetain time
interval, 40,000 lbm of steam at 400oF and 200 psia
are withdrawn while simultaneously 20,000 lbm of
feedwater at 130oF are fed to the boiler. At the end
of the process, the vapor remaining in the boiler
occupies 70% of the boiler volume. Determine:
a. % by wt. composition of initial content of the
boiler?
b. Amount of heat added to the boiler during the
process