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A CASE STUDY
On Wireless Access Point and Its Application
Prepared by:
Rohan A. Chavan
(Roll-No 10, T.E-COMP)
Department of Computer Engineering, Shri. L.R. Tiwari College of Engineering,
Mira Road, Maharashtra.
Presented to:
Prof: Garima Mishra
(Lecturer, department of computer engineering)
Date of Submission
March 2015, 2015
Abstract: WAP is an open specification that offers a standard method to access Internet based
content and services from wireless devices such as mobile phones. The WAP model is very
similar to the traditional desktop Internet. The independent nature of WAP has proved to be a
breath of fresh air for an industry riddled with multiple proprietary standards that have suffocated
the new wave of mobile-Internet communications. WAP is an enabling technology that will
bridge the gap between the mobile world and the Internet, bringing sophisticated solutions to
mobile users, independent of the user and network. Backed by 75 percent of the companies
behind the world's mobile telephone market and the huge development potential of WAP, the
future for WAP looks bright. This paper discusses the various facets of WAP, its working and
application in the field.
Overview
In computer
networking,
a wireless
Access
Point (AP) is a device that allows wireless devices to
connect to a wired network using Wi-Fi, or related
What is WAP?
Wireless access points (APs or WAPs) are
special-purpose communication devices on
wireless local area networks (WLANs).
Access points act as a central transmitter and
receiver of radio signals. Mainstream wireless
APs support Wi-Fi and are most commonly
used
to
support
public
Internet hotspots and other business networks
where larger buildings and spaces need
Access points are small wireless coverage.
Access points are small hardware devices
closely resembling home broadband routers.
(Home routers actually integrate an access
point into the rest of the device.) AP hardware
consists of radio transceivers, antennas
and device firmware.
Access
points
enable
so-called Wi-Fi
infrastructure mode networking. Although WiFi connections do not technically require the
use of access points, APs enable Wi-Fi
networks to scale to larger distances and
numbers of clients. Modern access points
support up to 255 clients (while very old ones
supported only about 20). APs also
provide bridging capability that enables a WiFi network to connect to other wired
networks.
WIRELESS NETWORK
Network is described as a network of devices
which communicates by using wireless
technologies. Network Wireless communication is
used as a term for transmission of information
from one place to another. This may be one-way
CATEGORIES OF NETWORK
Wireless Networks can be classified into some
categories depending on different criteria (e.g. size
of the physical area that they are capable of
covering and domain of their use).The Wireless
networking refers to nearly every type of design as
some kind of area network. Common examples of
area network types are:
a. PAN - Personal Area Network
b. WLAN - Wireless Local Area Network
c. WAN - Wide Area Network
d. MAN - Metropolitan Area Network
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Introduction
low-display capability
low-memory
Low-bandwidth devices, such as
personal digital assistants (PDAs),
wireless phones, and pagers.
WAP is designed to scale across a broad
range of wireless networks like GSM, IS95, IS-136, and PDC.
WAP Microbrowser:
To browse a standard internet site you need a web
browser. Similar way to browse a WAP enables
website, you would need a micro browser. A Micro
Browser is a small piece of software that makes
minimal demands on hardware, memory and CPU.
It can display information written in a restricted
mark-up language called WML. Although, tiny in
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WAP Architecture
WAP is designed in a layered fashion, so that it
can be extensible, flexible, and scalable. As a
result, the WAP protocol stack is divided into five
layers:
Transaction Layer
Common AP applications
Typical corporate use involves attaching several APs
to a wired network and then providing wireless
access to the office LAN. The wireless access points
are managed by a WLAN Controller which handles
automatic adjustments to RF power, channels,
authentication, and security. Furthermore, controllers
can be combined to form a wireless mobility group
to allow inter-controller roaming. The controllers can
be part of a mobility domain to allow clients access
throughout large or regional office locations. This
saves the clients time and administrators overhead
because it can automatically re-associate or reauthenticate.
centralize all WiFi clients on a local network in socalled "infrastructure" mode. An access point in
turn may connect to another access point, or to a
wired Ethernet router.
Wireless access points are commonly used in large
office buildings to create one wireless local area
network (WLAN) that spans a large area. Each
access point typically supports up to 255 client
computers. By connecting access points to each
other, local networks having thousands of access
points can be created. Client computers may move
or roam between each of these access points as
needed.
In home networking, wireless access points can be
used to extend an existing home network based on
a wired broadband router. The access point
connects to the broadband router, allowing
wireless clients to join the home network without
needing to rewire or re-configure the Ethernet
connections. As illustrated by the Linksys
WAP54G shown above, wireless access points
appear physically similar to wireless routers.
Wireless routers actually contain a wireless access
point as part of their overall package. Like
wireless routers, access points are available with
support for 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g or
combinations.
Wireless
router
A wireless access point (sometimes called an "AP"
or "WAP") serves to join or "bridge" wireless
clients to a wired Ethernet network. Access points
Limitation
One IEEE 802.11 AP can typically communicate
with 30 client systems located within a radius of
103 m. However, the actual range of
communication can vary significantly, depending
on such variables as indoor or outdoor placement,
height above ground, nearby obstructions, other
electronic devices that might actively interfere
with the signal by broadcasting on the same
frequency, type of antenna, the current weather,
operating radio frequency, and the power output of
devices. Network designers can extend the range
of APs through the use of repeaters and reflectors,
which can bounce or amplify radio signals that
ordinarily would go un-received. In experimental
conditions, wireless networking has operated over
distances of several hundred kilometers. [1]
Most jurisdictions have only a limited number of
frequencies legally available for use by wireless
networks. Usually, adjacent WAPs will use
different frequencies (Channels) to communicate
with
their
clients
in
order
to
avoid interference between the two nearby
systems. Wireless devices can "listen" for data
traffic on other frequencies, and can rapidly switch
Security
Wireless
access
has
special security considerations.
Many
wired
networks base the security on physical access
control, trusting all the users on the local network,
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Core Services
A vast majority of WAP services are
available
in
the
market.
You
may
Subscribers:
It is crucial that the subscribers will benefit from
using WAP based services, otherwise, there will be
no incentive neither for WAP as a whole nor for
any of the other groups mentioned below.
The key-benefits can be summarized as:
Portability
Easy to use
Access to a wide variety of services on a
competitive market
The possibility of having personalized services
Fast, convenient, and efficient access to services
To fulfil as many customers needs as possible,
WAP devices will be available in various form
factors, e.g. pagers, handheld PCs, and phones
Operators:
service
creation
and
Manufacturers:
Mobile devices supporting WAP will be available
in many different form factors, e.g., cellular
phones, pagers, and handheld PCs. Hardware
manufacturers will also need to supply operators
etc with equipment, such as WAP Gateway/Proxys
and WTA servers. Manufacturer benefits are for
example:
WAP scales across a broad range of
mobile
networks,
meaning
that
WAP
implementations can be used in devices supporting
different types of networks.
The expected wide adoption of WAP
implies that economies of scales can be achieved,
meaning that the huge mass-market can be
addressed
Convenient
maintenance
Service Providers:
Future prospect
The future of WAP depends largely on whether
consumers decide to use WAP devices to access
the Web, and also on whether a new technology
comes along that would require a different
infrastructure than WAP.
On the consumer side, the factors largely involve
the limitations of WAP and of handheld devices,
the low bandwidth, the limited input ability, and
the small screens all require users to adapt from
their regular Web-browsing expectations.
In the next few years, mobile phones will start to
benefit from very high bandwidth capabilities. The
2.5G/3G systems will allow much higher capacity
and data rates, than can be offered by the restricted
bandwidth currently available.
These wireless devices will be supported by a
number of emerging technologies including
GPRS, EDGE, HSCSD, and UMTS:
So what is the future for WAP? It has been
designed to be independent of the underlying
network technology. The original constraints WAP
was designed for - intermittent coverage, small
screens, low power consumption, wide scalability
Conclusion
In this tutorial, you have been introduced to all the
basic concepts of WAP and WML, WMLScript,
and the WAP architecture.
WAP key features benefits have also been
discussed together with a look at what the future
holds in this quickly moving market.
References
www.wikipedia.org
www.wapdetail.com
www.wapdevices.net
www.tutorialpoint.com
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