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Coupled Interactions:
I- Coupling interactions due to stretching vibrations:
This results from a mechanical coupling interaction between the oscillators.
- It appears when:
i) Two bond oscillators share a common atom and
ii) Their individual oscillation frequencies are not widely different.
For example, carbon dioxide molecule, which consists of two C=O bonds with a
common carbon atom, has two fundamental stretching vibrations an asymmetrical and
a symmetrical stretching mode.
mentioned):
O=C=O
Other examples for coupling interactions due to stretching vibrations are the
following:
2) The two NH stretching bands in the 3497-3077 cm-1 region in primary amine,
and primary amide spectra:
3) Also for the two C=O stretching bands in the 1818-1720 cm-1 region for carboxylic
anhydride and imide spectra.
4) The two CH stretching bands in the 3000-2760 cm -1 region for both methylene
and methyl groups.
II-Coupling interactions due to bending vibrations:
Vibrations resulting from bond angle changes frequently couple in a manner similar .to stretching vibrations
For example: The ring CH out-of-plane bending frequencies of aromatic .molecules depend on the number of adjacent hydrogen atoms on the ring
Coupling between the hydrogen atoms is affected by the bending of the CC bond .in the ring to which the hydrogen atoms are attached
III-Coupling due to interactions between stretching and bending vibrations:
-
Coupling between stretching and bending vibrations can occur if the stretching
bond forms one side of the changing angle.
vibrations.
* We can summarize the requirements for effective coupling interaction as
follows:
1. The vibrations must be of the same symmetry species if interaction is to occur.
2. Strong coupling between stretching vibrations requires a common atom between
the groups.
3. Interaction is greatest when the coupled groups absorbs, individually, near the same
frequency.
4. Coupling between bending and stretching vibrations can occur if the stretching
bond forms one side of the changing angle.
(N.B. The fundamental bending vibration occurs near 667 cm -1 and the first