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Spartek Systems
Spartek SCBT/Warrior Help File
This manual intends to give the users instructions on how to run Spartek SCBT on Warrior. It
is a quick guide and not a comprehensive manual.
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Fig 1.
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Fig 2.
It is also very important to ensure sufficient zonal isolation. Zonal isolation between
reservoirs is vital to ensure there is no communication between producing zones. We want
to avoid gas and water introduction to Oil wells and water production into gas wells. Poor
isolation can allow produced water to flow into a load paying zone causing production of
water to surface and increasing the potential for casing corrosion.
Hydraulic isolation is the most important factor when it comes to cementing a well. The lack
of hydraulic isolation is most commonly due to a low cement compressive strength. This low
compressive strength is caused when uncured cement pressure drops to formation
pressure. This can happen when the well hydrostatic pressure becomes isolated from the
curing cement below. More often this is caused by premature curing of cement further up
the hole. When the cement drops to formation pressure it allows the ingress of formation
fluids and this can contaminates the cement making it permeable and therefore weakened.
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The Spartek SCBT transmits an acoustic signal from its transmitter. This signal can permeate
back to the tool receivers a number of ways:
The signal detected at the receiver is a combination of these signals and is the foundation of
the log interpretation. The SCBT evaluates the cement bond quality and integrity to both
pipe and formation by providing the measurements of the cement bond amplitude (CBL)
through near receiver (3-ft crystal) casing cement bond, and variable density log (VDL)
through far receiver (5-ft Crystal) formation cement bond. The Spartek SCBT also provides a
2ft radial receiver for the detection of channels, each of the 8 radial segments covering 45
sections of the pipe and provides a higher resolution.
(The superior acoustic isolation of the SBT, well below 2% of tool-mode noise, makes the
tool less susceptible to road noise yielding faster, efficient runs. Additionally, a slotted
housing design for increased rigidity allows for better tool centralization, which is key to
successful channel detection, and provides better logs in highly deviated wells.)
Tool Calibration
Calibration of the tools is performed when the tools are manufactured and the calibrations
are set to industry recognised parameters. In years gone by downhole calibration of CBL
tools were common place but more recently those running bond logs have found it
increasingly difficult to find cement free sections of casing where free-pipe calibrations are
performed.
It is for this reason that the Spartek SCBT does not require any kind of downhole calibration
and indeed we recommend that no downhole calibration be performed on the tools as the
readings logged will alter the tool settings and render the internal calibrations unuseable.
Note- SDS Warrior systems and the Spartek SCBT tools are set up so that 1V=123ms for 5
casing.
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Check all screws and bolts are tightened to the proper torque settings as listed
below.
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Ensure the transmitter and receiver cans are free from dents.
Ensure the upper and lower electrical connectors are clean, undamaged and there is
no shortage between the pins and ground.
Centralisation
Tool centralisation is vital in ensuring that the tool remains centralised at all times during
the logging operation. At least two centralisers must be used in wells with deviation up to
30 and three centralisers used in wells with deviation greater than 30. The centralisation is
to ensure that the transmitter and receivers are as close to pipe centre as possible.
The Spartek SCBT offers two types of centraliser for each size of tool*:
1. SS9228 Roller Centralizer (2.75 dia)
2. SS9229 Roller Centralizer (inline) (2.75dia)
3. SS9238 Roller Centralizer (3.50 dia)
4. SS9239 Roller Centralizer (inline) (3.50 dia)
*The 2.75 SCBT can also be supplied with the SS9208 Bowspring Centraliser.
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Install the middle (inline) centraliser (if required) to the Sonde section at the
transmitter side and tighten with C-spanners (pin wrenches).
Install the electronics section to the other end of the middle centraliser and tighten
as above.
Install one centraliser to each end of the tool and tighten as above.
Note: If the middle centraliser is not being used, install the electronic section directly to the
Sonde section as shown below.
Attach the cable head and tighten. The SCBT top connection is industry standard GO
thread pin.
Set up the logging system and prepare to RIH.
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The SDS Warrior panel is attached to the line cable output (UHF connector) at the
top right hand corner at the rear of the panel. This is in turn connected to the
collector (slip rings). The logging cable is then attached to the tool via a standard PL
logging head to the GO connection at the top of the toolstring.
There are 110V and 220V panel options so the correct type must be used for your
region power supply.
Operating System- Windows 2000, XP, Vista, and Windows 7 32 Bit are supported.
Warrior logging panel- Standard Cased Hole STIP panels are supported.
No specific telemetry interface card is required in recent panels (2005 or later). If
using an older SDS Warrior panel Spartek can provide a Warrior Line Interface Card
P.N. 10019163. This interface card is where the telemetry interface is controlled.
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2. Select the licenses tab from the selection at the top of the panel and make sure the
Warrior software code license is present. If it is not, input the required number.
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4. If the service is not available from the drop down box list then it will need to be
imported. You can do this by clicking on the Add tab on the top line.
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9. Next click on Edit/Variables. This displays the variable (parameter) editor window,
enabling depth dependant parameters associated with the selected service to be
zoned and values to be set.
Check the proper Casing OD under CASEOD. If you are delivering a Bond Index
Curve, enter the Minimum and Maximum Amplitudes and any other variables that
may be required. Then push the Accept button.
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11. Now select the logging service to be used by clicking on Service and double clicking
the desired service title- DSS Bond Tool.
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13. A number of other windows will also pop up onto the screen. The Warrior Logging
System and Depth windows are always present. The Tel Threshold, Panel
Controls and WVFS7 Signal boxes are specific to the Bond tool service.
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15. Set the line power to positive. Power can now be sent to the tool by turning the
power control dial to the optimum 110V. This should see current draw of approx.
75mA. The Spartek SCBT will work within a wide range of voltages from 90V to 150V
but 110V is the recommended.
16. The SCBT will start to emit Transmitter ticking noises. If it does not then there may
be an issue with the set up or cable head etc. Check all connections to the tool,
collector etc. and re-try.
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18. Select Monitor/Devices/DSP (SDSDSP). Below are the approximate values for the 3
1/8 tool.
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19. Select Monitor Outputs from the Acquisition window. An output window appears
that will allow you to monitor signals such as GR, CCL, TEMP etc.
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20. As previously mentioned, the Spartek SCBT does not require any wellsite calibration
and any attempt to do so will render the tools internal calibration unusable. If the
tool is ascertained to be functioning properly it can be RIH.
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Above is the Cycle timing showing the Complete Tool Cycle and Positive and Negative
Trigger Width and associated timing. The photographs below show this on the scope.
Double cycle
Additional checks
The average of the Radial output AMPAVG should be similar to the average of the
3ft output.
Between the Near & Far receivers the difference in output should be 114ms +/- 2ms.
Between the Near receiver and Radial receivers the difference should be 57ms +/1ms.
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This actual SCBT log excerpt shows the top of cement. There are ruler straight casing signals
up to 600m (as long as the tool is centred and the casing signals are in evidence the casing
signal bands will always be straight). There then follows a good bond section between
600m and 613m. The amplitude is low and there are wavy chevrons in the VDL map column.
There are also no casing signals showing on the VDL map.
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The recommended scale range for the travel time is 100s. This
increases the readability of changes in the travel time. Lithology
will also affect the signal as fast formations causes the signal to
exhibit a shorter travel time.
Roller centralizers are advised because Gemco style centralisers can cause excessive friction
on the casing wall increasing the risk of erratic tool movement.
Fast Formations: Acoustic signals from low porosity limestones and dolomites can reach the
receiver ahead of the pipe signal. Amplitude is high but not as high as free pipe. A point to
remember is that even if fast formations are suspected the arrival of the signal in any case
suggests that cement to formation bond exists.
Light cement: It is difficult to see a contrast between lightweight cement and wellbore fluid
and cement evaluation relies on being able to see this contrast. Lightweight slurries are
commonly used in areas where cementing weak formations is required.
Microannulus: This is defined as very small annular gaps between the casing and cement. It
can be caused by a number of factors including:
Excessive wellhead pressure being held for too long during pumping operations
which causes the casing to expand. When the pressure is released the casing retracts
causing a break between the casing and cement.
Mudcake deposits on the casing which does not allow correct bonding to the
cement. Some pipe coatings make this bonding difficult too.
Temperatures can affect the cement curing process which can lead to microannulus
issues.
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No Cement
Amplitude high, VDL signals straight.
Partial Cement
Amplitude low and moderate,
VDL shows both straight and curving
Signals.
Microannulus
Amplitude is moderate. VDL can show
curving formation signals and straight
casing signals.
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The Bond Index cannot tell us if partially bonded intervals provide isolation or if channelling
exists. If the BI results in 1.0 the bond is considered to be perfect with 100% cement
coverage. If the BI is less than 1.0 the bond is not 100% perfect but there may still be
sufficient hydraulic isolation which will mean that there will be no need for remedial cement
operations.
A BI 0.8 is an industry recognised figure to achieve sufficient hydraulic isolation.
Below is a guide to the accepted cement intervals for each common size of pipe.
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Note:
Ensure this end is elevated and that you have some soaking up material available
as you may have fluid escape due to the spring pressure. You can use a pin
punch or screwdriver to stop the piston from moving down.
Keep the top end of the tool elevated throughout the entire servicing procedure.
3. Attach the hose from the filling station (vacuum chamber) to the filling adaptor as
shown in the picture below.
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4. Start by vacuuming the tool for at least 30 minutes (the piston should slide all the
way down to the bottom of the slot and cover the positioning holes).
5. Start filling the tool with DC-200 fluid until the piston stops at the top end of the slot
and leave it to settle for two minutes.
6. Repeat steps 4 & 5 at least three times until no bubbles appear in the filling station
chamber.
7. Fill the tool with DC-200 fluid as in step 4.
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Note: The piston should not cover the positioning hole more than illustrated above.
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