CocaCola

FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia

CocaColaisacarbonatedsoftdrinksoldinstores,
restaurants,andvendingmachinesthroughoutthe
world.[1]ItisproducedbyTheCocaColaCompany
ofAtlanta,Georgia,andisoftenreferredtosimplyas
Coke(aregisteredtrademarkofTheCocaCola
CompanyintheUnitedStatessinceMarch27,1944).
Originallyintendedasapatentmedicinewhenitwas
inventedinthelate19thcenturybyJohnPemberton,
CocaColawasboughtoutbybusinessmanAsa
GriggsCandler,whosemarketingtacticsledCoketo
itsdominanceoftheworldsoftdrinkmarket
throughoutthe20thcentury.
Thecompanyproducesconcentrate,whichisthen
soldtolicensedCocaColabottlersthroughoutthe
world.Thebottlers,whoholdterritoriallyexclusive
contractswiththecompany,producefinishedproduct
incansandbottlesfromtheconcentratein
combinationwithfilteredwaterandsweeteners.The
bottlersthensell,distributeandmerchandiseCoca
Colatoretailstoresandvendingmachines.TheCoca
ColaCompanyalsosellsconcentrateforsoda
fountainstomajorrestaurantsandfoodservice
distributors.
TheCocaColaCompanyhas,onoccasion,introduced
othercoladrinksundertheCokebrandname.The
mostcommonoftheseisDietCoke,withothers
includingCaffeineFreeCocaCola,DietCoke
CaffeineFree,CocaColaCherry,CocaColaZero,
CocaColaVanilla,andspecialversionswithlemon,
lime,orcoffee.In2013,Cokeproductscouldbe
foundinover200countriesworldwide,with
consumersdowningmorethan1.8billioncompany
beverageservingseachday.[2]
BasedonInterbrand'sbestglobalbrandstudyof2011,
CocaColawastheworld'smostvaluablebrand.[3]

Contents
1History
1.119thcenturyhistoricalorigins

CocaCola

Type

Cola

Manufacturer TheCocaColaCompany
Countryof
origin

UnitedStates

Introduced

1886

Color

CaramelE150d

Flavor

Cola

Variants

DietCoke
CaffeineFreeCocaCola
DietCokeCaffeineFree
CocaColaZero
CocaColaCherry
CocaColawithLemon
CocaColaVanilla
CocaColawithLime
CocaColaRaspberry
CocaColaBlackCherry
Vanilla
CocaColaBlk
CocaColaCitra
CocaColaOrange
CocaColaLife

Related
products

Pepsi
Postobn
RCCola
ColaTurka
KolaReal
IncaKola
ZamzamCola
MeccaCola
VirginCola
ParsiCola
QiblaCola

1.1.1TheCocaColaCompany

EvocaCola
CorsicaCola
BreizhCola
AfriCola

1.2Originsofbottling
1.320thcentury
1.4NewCoke
1.521stcentury
2Production

Website

www.cocacola.com
(http://www.cocacola.com)

2.1Ingredients
2.2Formulaofnaturalflavorings
2.3Useofstimulantsinformula
2.3.1Cocacocaine
2.3.2Kolanutscaffeine
2.4Franchisedproductionmodel
3Geographicspread
4Brandportfolio
4.1Logodesign
4.2Contourbottledesign
4.3Types
4.4Designerbottles
5Competitors
6Advertising
6.1Holidaycampaigns
6.2Sportssponsorship
6.3Inmassmedia
7Criticism
7.1Healtheffects
8Useaspoliticalandcorporatesymbol
9Socialcauses
10Seealso
11References
12Furtherreading
12.1Primarysources
13Externallinks

History
19thcenturyhistoricalorigins

JohnPemberton,theinventorof
CocaCola

ConfederateColonelJohnPembertonwhowaswoundedintheCivilWar,becameaddictedtomorphine,
andbeganaquesttofindasubstituteforthedangerousopiate.[5]TheprototypeCocaColarecipewas
formulatedatPemberton'sEagleDrugandChemicalHouse,[6]a
drugstoreinColumbus,Georgia,originallyasacocawine.[7][8]
HemayhavebeeninspiredbytheformidablesuccessofVin
Mariani,aEuropeancocawine.[9]
In1885,PembertonregisteredhisFrenchWineCocanerve
tonic.[10]In1886,whenAtlantaandFultonCountypassed
prohibitionlegislation,Pembertonrespondedbydeveloping
CocaCola,essentiallyanonalcoholicversionofFrenchWine
Coca.[11]ThefirstsaleswereatJacob'sPharmacyinAtlanta,
Georgia,onMay8,1886.[12]Itwasinitiallysoldasapatent
medicineforfivecents[13]aglassatsodafountains,whichwere
popularintheUnitedStatesatthetimeduetothebeliefthat
carbonatedwaterwasgoodforthehealth.[14]Pembertonclaimed
CocaColacuredmanydiseases,includingmorphineaddiction,
dyspepsia,neurasthenia,headache,andimpotence.Pemberton
ranthefirstadvertisementforthebeverageonMay29ofthe
sameyearintheAtlantaJournal.[15]
By1888,threeversionsofCocaColasoldbythreeseparate
businesseswereonthemarket.Acopartnershiphadbeen
formedonJanuary14,1888betweenPembertonandfourAtlanta
businessmen:J.C.Mayfield,A.O.MurpheyC.O.Mullahyand
E.H.Bloodworth.Notcodifiedbyanysigneddocument,averbal
statementgivenbyAsaCandleryearslaterassertedunder
testimonythathehadacquiredastakeinPemberton'scompany
asearlyas1887.[16]JohnPembertondeclaredthatthename
"CocaCola"belongedtohisson,Charley,buttheothertwo
manufacturerscouldcontinuetousetheformula.[17]

EagleDrugandChemicalHouse,
Columbus,Georgia

Believedtobethefirstcouponever,
thisticketforafreeglassofCoca
Colawasfirstdistributedin1888to
helppromotethedrink.By1913,the
companyhadredeemed8.5million
tickets. [4]

CharleyPemberton'srecordofcontroloverthe"CocaCola"
namewastheunderlyingfactorthatallowedforhimto
participateasamajorshareholderintheMarch1888CocaCola
Companyincorporationfilingmadeinhisfather'splace.[18]
Charley'sexclusivecontroloverthe"CocaCola"namebecamea
ThisCocaColaadvertisementfrom
continualthorninAsaCandler'sside.Candler'soldestson,
1943isstilldisplayedinMinden,
CharlesHowardCandler,authoredabookin1950publishedby
Louisiana.
EmoryUniversity.Inthisdefinitivebiographyabouthisfather,
Candlerspecificallystates:"...,onApril14,1888,theyoung
druggist[AsaGriggsCandler]purchasedaonethirdinterestintheformulaofanalmostcompletely
unknownproprietaryelixirknownasCocaCola."[19]
ThedealwasactuallybetweenJohnPemberton'ssonCharleyandWalker,Candler&Co.withJohn
Pembertonactingascosignerforhisson.For$50downand$500in30days,Walker,Candler&Co.
obtainedalloftheonethirdinterestintheCocaColaCompanythatCharleyheld,allwhileCharleystill
heldontothename.AftertheApril14deal,onApril17,1888,onehalfoftheWalker/Dozierinterest
shareswereacquiredbyCandlerforanadditional$750.[20]

TheCocaColaCompany
In1892,Candlersetouttoincorporateasecondcompany"The
CocaColaCompany"(thecurrentcorporation).WhenCandler
hadtheearliestrecordsofthe"CocaColaCompany"burnedin
1910,theactionwasclaimedtohavebeenmadeduringamove
tonewcorporationofficesaroundthistime.[21]
AfterCandlerhadgainedabetterfootholdonCocaColainApril
1888,heneverthelesswasforcedtosellthebeveragehe
producedwiththerecipehehadunderthenames"YumYum"
and"Koke".ThiswaswhileCharleyPembertonwassellingthe
elixir,althoughacrudermixture,underthename"CocaCola",
allwithhisfather'sblessing.Afterbothnamesfailedtocatchon
forCandler,bythesummerof1888,theAtlantapharmacistwas
quiteanxioustoestablishafirmerlegalclaimtoCocaCola,and
hopedhecouldforcehistwocompetitors,WalkerandDozier,
completelyoutofthebusiness,aswell.[22]
WhenDr.JohnStithPembertonsuddenlydiedonAugust16,
1888,AsaG.Candlernowsoughttomoveswiftlyforwardto
attainhisvisionoftakingfullcontrolofthewholeCocaCola
operation.

EarlyCocaColabottlingmachineat
BiedenharnMuseumandGardensin
Monroe,Louisiana

OldGermanCocaColabottleopener.

CharleyPemberton,analcoholic,wastheoneobstaclewhounnervedAsaCandlermorethananyone
else.Candlerissaidtohavequicklymaneuveredtopurchasetheexclusiverightstothename"Coca
Cola"fromPemberton'ssonCharleyrightafterDr.Pemberton'sdeath.Oneofseveralstorieswasthat
CandlerboughtthetitletothenamefromCharley'smotherfor$300approachingheratDr.Pemberton's
funeral.Eventually,CharleyPembertonwasfoundonJune23,1894,unconscious,withastickofopium
byhisside.Tendayslater,CharleydiedatAtlanta'sGradyHospitalattheageof40.[23]
InCharlesHowardCandler's1950bookabouthisfather,hestated:"OnAugust30th[1888],he[Asa
Candler]becamesoleproprietorofCocaCola,afactwhichwasstatedonletterheads,invoiceblanks
andadvertisingcopy."[24]
WiththisactiononAugust30,1888,Candler'ssolecontrolbecametechnicallyalltrue.Candlerhad
negotiatedwithMargaretDozierandherbrotherWoolfolkWalkerafullpaymentamountingto$1,000,
whichallagreedCandlercouldpayoffwithaseriesofnotesoveraspecifiedtimespan.ByMay1,
1889,CandlerwasnowclaimingfullownershipoftheCocaColabeverage,withatotalinvestment
outlaybyCandlerforthedrinkenterpriseovertheyearsamountingto$2,300.[25]
In1914,MargaretDozier,ascoowneroftheoriginalCocaColaCompanyin1888,cameforwardto
claimthathersignatureonthe1888CocaColaCompanybillofsalehadbeenforged.Subsequent
analysisofcertainsimilartransferdocumentshadalsoindicatedJohnPemberton'ssignaturewasmost
likelyaforgery,aswell,whichsomeaccountsclaimwasprecipitatedbyhissonCharley.[26]

Originsofbottling
ThefirstbottlingofCocaColaoccurredinVicksburg,Mississippi,attheBiedenharnCandyCompany
in1891.TheproprietorofthebottlingworkswasJosephA.Biedenharn.Theoriginalbottleswere
Biedenharnbottles,verydifferentfromthemuchlaterhobbleskirtdesignof1915nowsofamiliar.

ItwasthenafewyearslaterthattwoentrepreneursfromChattanooga,Tennessee,namelyBenjaminF.
ThomasandJosephB.Whitehead,proposedtheideaofbottlingandweresopersuasivethatCandler
signedacontractgivingthemcontroloftheprocedureforonly
onedollar.Candlernevercollectedhisdollar,butin1899,
ChattanoogabecamethesiteofthefirstCocaColabottling
company.Candlerremainedverycontentjustsellinghis
company'ssyrup.[27]Thelooselytermedcontractprovedtobe
problematicforTheCocaColaCompanyfordecadestocome.
Legalmatterswerenothelpedbythedecisionofthebottlersto
subcontracttoothercompanies,effectivelybecomingparent
bottlers.[28]

20thcentury

BottlingplantofCocaColaCanada
Ltd.January8,1941.Montreal,
Canada.

ThefirstoutdoorwalladvertisementthatpromotedtheCoca
Coladrinkwaspaintedin1894inCartersville,Georgia.[29]Colasyrupwassoldasanoverthecounter
dietarysupplementforupsetstomach.[30][31]Bythetimeofits50thanniversary,thesoftdrinkhad
reachedthestatusofanationaliconintheUSA.In1935,itwascertifiedkosherbyAtlantaRabbi
TobiasGeffen,afterthecompanymademinorchangesinthesourcingofsomeingredients.[32]
ThelongestrunningcommercialCocaColasodafountain
anywherewasAtlanta'sFleeman'sPharmacy,whichfirstopened
itsdoorsin1914.[33]JackFleemantookoverthepharmacyfrom
hisfatherandranituntil1995closingitafter81years.[34]On
July12,1944,theonebillionthgallonofCocaColasyrupwas
manufacturedbyTheCocaColaCompany.CansofCokefirst
appearedin1955.[35]

NewCoke
OnApril23,1985,CocaCola,amidmuchpublicity,attempted
tochangetheformulaofthedrinkwith"NewCoke".Followup
tastetestsrevealedmostconsumerspreferredthetasteofNew
CoketobothCokeandPepsi[36]butCocaColamanagementwas
unpreparedforthepublic'snostalgiafortheolddrink,leadingto
abacklash.Thecompanygaveintoprotestsandreturnedtoa
variationoftheoldformulausinghighfructosecornsyrup
insteadofcanesugarasthemainsweetener,underthename
CocaColaClassic,onJuly10,1985.

21stcentury

OriginalframedCocaColaartist's
drawngraphicpresentedbyThe
CocaColaCompanyonJuly12,1944
toCharlesHowardCandleronthe
occasionofCocaCola's"1Billionth
GallonofCocaColaSyrup."

OnJuly5,2005,itwasrevealedthatCocaColawouldresumeoperationsinIraqforthefirsttimesince
theArabLeagueboycottedthecompanyin1968.[37]
InApril2007,inCanada,thename"CocaColaClassic"waschangedbackto"CocaCola".Theword
"Classic"wasremovedbecause"NewCoke"wasnolongerinproduction,eliminatingtheneedto
differentiatebetweenthetwo.[38]Theformularemainedunchanged.InJanuary2009,CocaColastopped

printingtheword"Classic"onthelabelsof16USfluidounce(470ml)bottlessoldinpartsofthe
southeasternUnitedStates.[39]Thechangeispartofalargerstrategytorejuvenatetheproduct's
image.[39]Theword"Classic"wasremovedfromallCocaColaproductsby2011.
InNovember2009,duetoadisputeoverwholesalepricesofCocaColaproducts,Costcostopped
restockingitsshelveswithCokeandDietCoke.However,someCostcolocations(suchastheonesin
Tucson,Arizona),sellimportedCocaColafromMexico.[40]CocaColaintroducedthe7.5ouncemini
canin2009,andonSeptember22,2011,thecompany
announcedpricereductions,askingretailerstoselleightpacks
for$2.99.Thatsameday,CocaColaannouncedthe12.5ounce
bottle,tosellfor89cents.A16ouncebottlehassoldwellat99
centssincebeingreintroduced,butthepricewasgoingupto
$1.19.[41]
In2012,CocaColaresumedbusinessinMyanmarafter60years
ofabsenceduetoU.S.imposedinvestmentsanctionsagainstthe
country.[42][43]CocaCola'sbottlingplantwillbelocatedin
Yangonandispartofthecompany'sfiveyearplanand$200
millioninvestmentinMyanmar.[44]CocaColawithitspartners
istoinvestUSD5billioninitsoperationsinIndiaby2020.[45]In
2013,itwasannouncedthatCocaColaLifewouldbeintroduced
inArgentinathatwouldcontainsteviaandsugar.[46]
InAugust2014thecompanyannounceditwasformingalong
termpartnershipwithMonsterBeverage,withthetwoforginga
strategicmarketinganddistributionalliance,andproductline
swap.AspartofthedealCocaColawastoacquirea16.7%
stakeinMonsterfor$2.15billion,withanoptiontoincreaseitto
25%.[47]

Claimedtobethefirstinstallation
anywhereofthe1948model"Boat
Motor"styledCocaColasoda
dispenser,Fleeman'sPharmacy,
Atlanta,Georgia.The"BoatMotor"
sodadispenserwasintroducedinthe
late1930sandmanufacturedtillthe
late1950s.Photographcirca1948.

Production
Ingredients
Carbonatedwater
Sugar(sucroseorhighfructosecornsyrupdependingon
countryoforigin)
Caffeine
Phosphoricacid
Caramelcolor(E150d)
Naturalflavorings[48]

TheLasVegasStripWorldofCoca
Colamuseumin2003

AcanofCoke(12flounces/355ml)has39gramsofcarbohydrates(allfromsugar,approximately10
teaspoons),[49]50mgofsodium,0gramsfat,0gramspotassium,and140calories.[50]

Formulaofnaturalflavorings

TheexactformulaofCocaCola'snaturalflavorings(butnotitsotheringredients,whicharelistedonthe
sideofthebottleorcan)isatradesecret.TheoriginalcopyoftheformulawasheldinSunTrustBank's
mainvaultinAtlantafor86years.Itspredecessor,theTrustCompany,wastheunderwriterforthe
CocaColaCompany'sinitialpublicofferingin1919.OnDecember8,2011,theoriginalsecretformula
wasmovedfromthevaultatSunTrustBankstoanewvaultcontainingtheformulawhichwillbeon
displayforvisitorstoitsWorldofCocaColamuseumindowntownAtlanta.[51]
AccordingtoSnopes,apopularmythstatesthatonlytwo
executiveshaveaccesstotheformula,witheachexecutive
havingonlyhalftheformula.[52]However,severalsourcesstate
thatwhileCocaColadoeshavearulerestrictingaccesstoonly
twoexecutives,eachknowstheentireformulaandothers,in
additiontotheprescribedduo,haveknowntheformulation
process.[53]
OnFebruary11,2011,IraGlassrevealedonhisPRIradioshow,
ThisAmericanLife,thatthesecretformulatoCocaColahad
beenuncoveredina1979newspaper.Theformulafound
basicallymatchedtheformulafoundinPemberton's
diary.[54][55][56][57]

CocaColaMuseuminAtlanta,
Georgia

Useofstimulantsinformula
Whenlaunched,CocaCola'stwokeyingredientswerecocaine
andcaffeine.Thecocainewasderivedfromthecocaleafandthe
caffeinefromkolanut,leadingtothenameCocaCola(the"K"
inKolawasreplacedwitha"C"formarketingpurposes).[58][59]
Cocacocaine
Pembertoncalledforfiveouncesofcocaleafpergallonofsyrup,
asignificantdosein1891,Candlerclaimedhisformula(altered
extensivelyfromPemberton'soriginal)containedonlyatenthof
thisamount.CocaColaoncecontainedanestimatednine
milligramsofcocaineperglass.In1903,itwasremoved.[60]
After1904,insteadofusingfreshleaves,CocaColastarted
using"spent"leavestheleftoversofthecocaineextraction
processwithtracelevelsofcocaine.[61]CocaColanowusesa
cocainefreecocaleafextractpreparedataStepanCompany
plantinMaywood,NewJersey.[62]

AnearlyCocaColaadvertisement.

IntheUnitedStates,theStepanCompanyistheonlymanufacturingplantauthorizedbytheFederal
Governmenttoimportandprocessthecocaplant,[63]whichitobtainsmainlyfromPeruand,toalesser
extent,Bolivia.BesidesproducingthecocaflavoringagentforCocaCola,theStepanCompanyextracts
cocainefromthecocaleaves,whichitsellstoMallinckrodt,aSt.Louis,Missouri,pharmaceutical
manufacturerthatistheonlycompanyintheUnitedStateslicensedtopurifycocaineformedicinal
use.[64]

Kolanutscaffeine
KolanutsactasaflavoringandthesourceofcaffeineinCocaCola.InBritain,forexample,the
ingredientlabelstates"Flavourings(IncludingCaffeine)."[65]Kolanutscontainabout2.0to3.5%
caffeine,areofbitterflavorandarecommonlyusedincolasoftdrinks.In1911,theU.S.government
initiatedUnitedStatesv.FortyBarrelsandTwentyKegsofCocaCola,hopingtoforceCocaColato
removecaffeinefromitsformula.ThecasewasdecidedinfavorofCocaCola.Subsequently,in1912,
theU.S.PureFoodandDrugActwasamended,addingcaffeinetothelistof"habitforming"and
"deleterious"substanceswhichmustbelistedonaproduct'slabel.
CocaColacontains34mgofcaffeineper12fluidounces(9.8mgper100ml).[66]

Franchisedproductionmodel
TheactualproductionanddistributionofCocaColafollowsafranchisingmodel.TheCocaCola
Companyonlyproducesasyrupconcentrate,whichitsellstobottlersthroughouttheworld,whohold
CocaColafranchisesforoneormoregeographicalareas.Thebottlersproducethefinaldrinkbymixing
thesyrupwithfilteredwaterandsweeteners,andthencarbonateitbeforeputtingitincansandbottles,
whichthebottlersthensellanddistributetoretailstores,vendingmachines,restaurantsandfoodservice
distributors.[67]
TheCocaColaCompanyownsminoritysharesinsomeofitslargestfranchises,suchasCocaCola
Enterprises,CocaColaAmatil,CocaColaHellenicBottlingCompanyandCocaColaFEMSA,but
fullyindependentbottlersproducealmosthalfofthevolumesoldintheworld.Independentbottlersare
allowedtosweetenthedrinkaccordingtolocaltastes.[68]
ThebottlingplantinSkopje,Macedonia,receivedthe2009awardfor"BestBottlingCompany".[69]
OnMay5,2014,CocaColasaidtheyareworkingtoremoveacontroversialingredient,brominated
vegetableoil,fromalloftheirdrinks.[70]

Geographicspread
SinceitannounceditsintentiontobegindistributioninBurmainJune2012,CocaColahasbeen
officiallyavailableineverycountryintheworldexceptCubaandNorthKorea.[71]However,itis
reportedtobeavailableinbothcountriesasagreyimport.[72][73]
CocaColahasbeenapointoflegaldiscussionintheMiddleEast.Intheearly20thcentury,afatwawas
createdinEgypttodiscussthequestionof"whetherMuslimswerepermittedtodrinkCocaColaand
Pepsicola."[74]Thefatwastates:"AccordingtotheMuslimHanefite,Shafi'ite,etc.,theruleinIslamic
lawofforbiddingorallowingfoodsandbeveragesisbasedonthepresumptionthatsuchthingsare
permittedunlessitcanbeshownthattheyareforbiddenonthebasisoftheQur'an."[74]TheMuslim
juristsstatedthat,unlesstheQu'ranspecificallyprohibitstheconsumptionofaparticularproduct,itis
permissibletoconsume.Anotherclausewasdiscussed,wherebythesamerulesapplyifapersonis
unawareoftheconditionoringredientsoftheiteminquestion.

Brandportfolio

ThisisalistofvariantsofCocaColaintroducedaroundtheworld.Inadditiontothecaffeinefree
versionoftheoriginal,additionalfruitflavorshavebeenincludedovertheyears.Notincludedhereare
versionsofDietCokeandCocaColaZerovariantversionsofthosenocaloriecolascanbefoundat
theirrespectivearticles.

Name

Launched Discontinued

Notes

CocaCola

1886

TheoriginalversionofCocaCola.

Caffeine
FreeCoca
Cola

1983

ThecaffeinefreeversionofCocaCola.

CocaCola
Cherry

1985

WasavailableinCanadastartingin1996.Called"Cherry
CocaCola(CherryCoke)"inNorthAmericauntil2006.

New
Coke/"Coca
ColaII"

1985

2002

WasstillavailableinYapandAmericanSamoa
Availablein:

CocaCola
withLemon

2001

CocaCola
Vanilla

2002
2007
2013

CocaCola
withLime

2005

2005

2005

Australia,AmericanSamoa,Austria,Belgium,Brazil,
China,Denmark,FederationofBosniaandHerzegovina,
Finland,France,Germany,HongKong,Iceland,Korea,
Luxembourg,Macau,Malaysia,Mongolia,Netherlands,
NewCaledonia,NewZealand,Runion,Singapore,Spain,
Switzerland,Taiwan,Tunisia,UnitedKingdom,United
States,andWestBankGaza
Availablein:Austria,Australia,China,CzechRepublic,
Finland,Germany,HongKong,NewZealand,Malaysia,
Slovakia,SouthAfrica,Sweden,UnitedKingdomand
UnitedStates.ItwasreintroducedinJune2007bypopular
demand.
AvailableinBelgium,Netherlands,Singapore,Canada,
theUnitedKingdom,andtheUnitedStates.
WasonlyavailableinNewZealand.Currentlyavailablein
theUnitedStatesandtheUnitedKingdominCocaCola
Freestylefountainsince2009.

CocaCola
Raspberry

June2005

Endof2005

CocaCola
Black
Cherry
Vanilla

2006

Middleof
2007

CocaCola
Blk

2006

Beginningof
2008

CocaCola
Citra

2006

OnlyavailableinBosniaandHerzegovina,NewZealand
andJapan.

CocaCola
Orange

2007

WasavailableintheUnitedKingdomandGibraltarfora
limitedtime.InGermany,AustriaandSwitzerlandit'ssold
underthelabelMezzoMix.CurrentlyavailableinCoca
ColaFreestylefountainoutletsintheUnitedStatessince
2009andintheUnitedKingdomsince2014.

CocaCola
Life

2013

CurrentlyavailableinArgentina,Chile,theUnited
Kingdom,theUnitedStates,Mexico,andSweden.

Logodesign

WasreplacedbyVanillaCokeinJune2007
OnlyavailableintheUnitedStates,France,Canada,
CzechRepublic,BosniaandHerzegovina,Bulgariaand
Lithuania

TheCocaColalogowascreatedbyJohnPemberton'sbookkeeper,FrankMasonRobinson,in1885.[75]
Robinsoncameupwiththenameandchosethelogo'sdistinctivecursivescript.Thetypefaceused,
knownasSpencerianscript,wasdevelopedinthemid19thcenturyandwasthedominantformof
formalhandwritingintheUnitedStatesduringthatperiod.
RobinsonalsoplayedasignificantroleinearlyCocaColaadvertising.Hispromotionalsuggestionsto
PembertonincludedgivingawaythousandsoffreedrinkcouponsandplasteringthecityofAtlantawith
publicitybannersandstreetcarsigns.[76]

Contourbottledesign
TheCocaColabottle,calledthe"contourbottle"withinthecompany,wascreatedbybottledesigner
EarlR.Dean.In1915,theCocaColaCompanylaunchedacompetitionamongitsbottlesuppliersto
createanewbottlefortheirbeveragethatwoulddistinguishitfromotherbeveragebottles,"abottle
whichapersoncouldrecognizeeveniftheyfeltitinthedark,andsoshapedthat,evenifbroken,a
personcouldtellataglancewhatitwas."[77]
ChapmanJ.Root,presidentoftheRootGlassCompanyofTerreHaute,Indiana,turnedtheprojectover
tomembersofhissupervisorystaff,includingcompanyauditorT.ClydeEdwards,plantsuperintendent
AlexanderSamuelsson,andEarlR.Dean,bottledesignerandsupervisorofthebottlemoldingroom.
Rootandhissubordinatesdecidedtobasethebottle'sdesignononeofthesoda'stwoingredients,the
cocaleaforthekolanut,butwereunawareofwhateitheringredientlookedlike.DeanandEdwards
wenttotheEmelineFairbanksMemorialLibraryandwereunabletofindanyinformationaboutcocaor
kola.Instead,DeanwasinspiredbyapictureofthegourdshapedcocoapodintheEncyclopdia
Britannica.DeanmadearoughsketchofthepodandreturnedtotheplanttoshowRoot.Heexplainedto
Roothowhecouldtransformtheshapeofthepodintoabottle.RootgaveDeanhisapproval.[77]
Facedwiththeupcomingscheduledmaintenanceofthemoldmakingmachinery,overthenext24hours
DeansketchedoutaconceptdrawingwhichwasapprovedbyRootthenextmorning.Deanthen
proceededtocreateabottlemoldandproducedasmallnumberofbottlesbeforetheglassmolding
machinerywasturnedoff.[78]
ChapmanRootapprovedtheprototypebottleandadesignpatentwasissuedonthebottleinNovember
1915.Theprototypenevermadeittoproductionsinceitsmiddlediameterwaslargerthanitsbase,
makingitunstableonconveyorbelts.Deanresolvedthisissuebydecreasingthebottle'smiddle
diameter.Duringthe1916bottler'sconvention,Dean'scontourbottlewaschosenoverotherentriesand
wasonthemarketthesameyear.By1920,thecontourbottlebecamethestandardfortheCocaCola
Company.Arevisedversionwasalsopatentedin1923.BecausethePatentOfficereleasesthePatent
GazetteonTuesday,thebottlewaspatentedonDecember25,1923,andwasnicknamedthe"Christmas
bottle."Today,thecontourCocaColabottleisoneofthemostrecognizedpackagesonthe
planet..."eveninthedark!".[28]
Asarewardforhisefforts,Deanwasofferedachoicebetweena$500bonusoralifetimejobatthe
RootGlassCompany.HechosethelifetimejobandkeptituntiltheOwensIllinoisGlassCompany
boughtouttheRootGlassCompanyinthemid1930s.DeanwentontoworkinotherMidwesternglass
factories.
OnealternativedepictionhasRaymondLoewyastheinventoroftheuniquedesign,but,whileLoewy
didserveasadesignerofCokecansandbottlesinlateryears,hewasintheFrenchArmytheyearthe
bottlewasinventedanddidnotemigratetotheUnitedStatesuntil1919.Othershaveattributed

inspirationforthedesignnottothecocoapod,buttoaVictorianhoopeddress.[79]
In1944,AssociateJusticeRogerJ.TraynoroftheSupremeCourtofCaliforniatookadvantageofacase
involvingawaitressinjuredbyanexplodingCocaColabottletoarticulatethedoctrineofstrictliability
fordefectiveproducts.Traynor'sconcurringopinioninEscolav.CocaColaBottlingCo.iswidely
recognizedasalandmarkcaseinU.S.lawtoday.[80]
In2007,thecompany'slogooncansandbottleschanged.Thecansandbottlesretainedtheredcolorand
familiartypeface,butthedesignwassimplified,leavingonlythelogoandaplainwhiteswirl(the
"dynamicribbon").

Types

TheclassicCocaColacontour
bottledesign

EarlR.Dean'soriginal1915
conceptdrawingofthecontour
CocaColabottle

Theprototypenevermadeitto
DietCokealuminiumcan.
productionsinceitsmiddlediameter
waslargerthanitsbase,makingit
unstableonconveyorbelts.

Designerbottles

KarlLagerfeldisthelatestdesignertohavecreatedacollectionofaluminumbottlesforCocaCola.
LagerfeldisnotthefirstfashiondesignertocreateaspecialversionofthefamousCocaColaContour
bottle.AnumberofotherlimitededitionbottlesbyfashiondesignersforCocaColaLightsodahave
beencreatedinthelastfewyears.
In2009,inItaly,CocaColaLighthadaTributetoFashiontocelebrate100yearsoftherecognizable
contourbottle.WellknownItaliandesignersAlbertaFerretti,Blumarine,Etro,Fendi,Marni,Missoni,
Moschino,andVersaceeachdesignedlimitededitionbottles.[81]

Competitors
Pepsi,theflagshipproductofPepsiCo,TheCocaColaCompany'smainrivalinthesoftdrinkindustry,
isusuallysecondtoCokeinsales,andoutsellsCocaColainsomemarkets.RCCola,nowownedbythe
DrPepperSnappleGroup,thethirdlargestsoftdrinkmanufacturer,isalsowidelyavailable.
Aroundtheworld,manylocalbrandscompetewithCoke.InSouthandCentralAmericaKolaReal,
knownasBigColainMexico,isagrowingcompetitortoCocaCola.[82]OntheFrenchislandof
Corsica,CorsicaCola,madebybrewersofthelocalPietrabeer,isagrowingcompetitortoCocaCola.
IntheFrenchregionofBrittany,BreizhColaisavailable.InPeru,IncaKolaoutsellsCocaCola,which
ledTheCocaColaCompanytopurchasethebrandin1999.InSweden,JulmustoutsellsCocaCola
duringtheChristmasseason.[83]InScotland,thelocallyproducedIrnBruwasmorepopularthanCoca
Colauntil2005,whenCocaColaandDietCokebegantooutpaceitssales.[84]
InIndia,CocaColarankedthirdbehindtheleader,PepsiCola,andlocaldrinkThumsUp.TheCoca
ColaCompanypurchasedThumsUpin1993.[85]Asof2004,CocaColahelda60.9%marketsharein
India.[86]Tropicola,adomesticdrink,isservedinCubainsteadofCocaCola,duetoaUnitedStates
embargo.FrenchbrandMeccaColaandBritishbrandQiblaColaarecompetitorstoCocaColainthe
MiddleEast.
InTurkey,ColaTurka,inIranandtheMiddleEast,ZamzamColaandParsiCola,insomepartsof
China,ChinaCola,inSlovenia,CocktaandtheinexpensiveMercatorCola,soldonlyinthecountry's
biggestsupermarketchain,Mercator,aresomeofthebrand'scompetitors.ClassikoCola,madebyTiko
Group,thelargestmanufacturingcompanyinMadagascar,isaseriouscompetitortoCocaColainmany
regions.LaranjadaisthetopsellingsoftdrinkonMadeira.

Advertising
CocaCola'sadvertisinghassignificantlyaffectedAmericanculture,anditisfrequentlycreditedwith
inventingthemodernimageofSantaClausasanoldmaninaredandwhitesuit.Althoughthecompany
didstartusingtheredandwhiteSantaimageinthe1930s,withitswinteradvertisingcampaigns
illustratedbyHaddonSundblom,themotifwasalreadycommon.[87][88]CocaColawasnoteventhefirst
softdrinkcompanytousethemodernimageofSantaClausinitsadvertising:WhiteRockBeverages
usedSantainadvertisementsforitsgingeralein1923,afterfirstusinghimtosellmineralwaterin
1915.[89][90]BeforeSantaClaus,CocaColareliedonimagesofsmartlydressedyoungwomentosellits
beverages.CocaCola'sfirstsuchadvertisementappearedin1895,featuringtheyoungBostonianactress
HildaClarkasitsspokeswoman.

1941sawthefirstuseofthenickname"Coke"asanofficialtrademarkfortheproduct,withaseriesof
advertisementsinformingconsumersthat"CokemeansCocaCola".[91]In1971asongfromaCoca
Colacommercialcalled"I'dLiketoTeachtheWorldtoSing",producedbyBillyDavis,becameahit
single.
Coke'sadvertisingispervasive,asoneofWoodruff'sstatedgoalswastoensurethateveryoneonEarth
drankCocaColaastheirpreferredbeverage.ThisisespeciallytrueinsouthernareasoftheUnited
States,suchasAtlanta,whereCokewasborn.
SomeCocaColatelevisioncommercialsbetween1960through1986werewrittenandproducedby
formerAtlantaradioveteranDonNaylor(WGST19361950,WAGA19511959)duringhiscareerasa
producerfortheMcCannEricksonadvertisingagency.Manyoftheseearlytelevisioncommercialsfor
CocaColafeaturedmoviestars,sportsheroesandpopularsingers.
Duringthe1980s,PepsiColaranaseriesoftelevisionadvertisements
showingpeopleparticipatingintastetestsdemonstratingthat,according
tothecommercials,"fiftypercentoftheparticipantswhosaidthey
preferredCokeactuallychosethePepsi."Statisticianspointedoutthe
problematicnatureofa50/50result:mostlikely,thetastetestsshowed
thatinblindtests,mostpeoplecannottellthedifferencebetweenPepsi
andCoke.CocaColaranadstocombatPepsi'sadsinanincident
sometimesreferredtoasthecolawarsoneofCoke'sadscomparedthe
socalledPepsichallengetotwochimpanzeesdecidingwhichtennisball
wasfurrier.Thereafter,CocaColaregaineditsleadershipinthemarket.
SelenawasaspokespersonforCocaColafrom1989tillthetimeofher
death.Shefilmedthreecommercialsforthecompany.During1994,to
commemorateherfiveyearswiththecompany,CocaColaissuedspecial
Selenacokebottles.[92]
TheCocaColaCompanypurchasedColumbiaPicturesin1982,and
beganinsertingCokeproductimagesintomanyofitsfilms.Afterafew
earlysuccessesduringCocaCola'sownership,Columbiabegan
tounderperform,andthestudiowassoldtoSonyin1989.

An1890sadvertisement
showingmodelHildaClark
informal19thcenturyattire.
TheadistitledDrinkCoca
Cola5.(US).

CocaColahasgonethroughanumberofdifferentadvertising
slogansinitslonghistory,including"Thepausethatrefreshes,"
"I'dliketobuytheworldaCoke,"and"Cokeisit"(seeCoca
Colaslogans).
In2006,CocaColaintroducedMyCokeRewards,acustomer
loyaltycampaignwhereconsumersearnpointsbyenteringcodes
fromspeciallymarkedpackagesofCocaColaproductsintoa
website.Thesepointscanberedeemedforvariousprizesor
sweepstakesentries.[93]

CocaColaghostsigninFortDodge,
Iowa.OlderCocaColaghostsbehind
Boraxandtelephoneads.

InAustraliain2011,CocaColabeganthe"shareaCoke"campaign,wheretheCocaColalogowas
replacedonthebottlesandreplacedwithfirstnames.CocaColausedthe150mostpopularnamesin
Australiatoprintonthebottles.[94][95][96]Thecampaignwaspairedwithawebsitepage,Facebookpage
andanonline"shareavirtualCoke".ThesamecampaignwasintroducedtoCocaCola,DietCoke&
CokeZerobottlesandcansintheUKin2013.[97][98]

CocaColahasalsoadvertiseditsproducttobeconsumedasabreakfastbeverage,insteadofcoffeeor
teaforthemorningcaffeine.[99][100]

Holidaycampaigns
The"Holidaysarecoming!"advertisementfeaturesatrainofred
deliverytrucks,emblazonedwiththeCocaColanameand
decoratedwithChristmaslights,drivingthroughasnowy
landscapeandcausingeverythingthattheypasstolightupand
peopletowatchastheypassthrough.[101]
Theadvertisementfellintodisusein2001,astheCocaCola
companyrestructureditsadvertisingcampaignssothat
advertisingaroundtheworldwasproducedlocallyineach
country,ratherthancentrallyinthecompany'sheadquartersin
CocaColasalesboothontheCape
Atlanta,Georgia.[102]In2007,thecompanybroughtbackthe
VerdeislandofFogoin2004.
campaignafter,accordingtothecompany,manyconsumers
telephoneditsinformationcentersayingthattheyconsidereditto
markthebeginningofChristmas.[101]Theadvertisementwascreatedby
U.S.advertisingagencyDoner,andhasbeenpartofthecompany's
globaladvertisingcampaignformanyyears.[103]
KeithLaw,aproducerandwriterofcommercialsforBelfastCityBeat,
wasnotconvincedbyCocaCola'sreintroductionoftheadvertisementin
2007,sayingthat"Idon'tthinkthere'sanythingChristmassyaboutHGVs
andthecommercialistoogeneric."[104]
In2001,singerMelanieThorntonrecordedthecampaign'sadvertising
jingleasasingle,WonderfulDream(HolidaysareComing),which
enteredthepopmusicchartsinGermanyatno.9.[105][106]In2005,
CocaColaexpandedtheadvertisingcampaigntoradio,employing
severalvariationsofthejingle.[107]

Cokeadvertisement2013

In2011,CocaColalaunchedacampaignfortheIndianholidayDiwali.
Thecampaignincludedcommercials,asongandanintegrationwith
ShahRukhKhansfilmRa.One.[108][109][110]

Sportssponsorship
CocaColawasthefirstcommercialsponsoroftheOlympicgames,at
the1928gamesinAmsterdam,andhasbeenanOlympicssponsorever
since.[111]Thiscorporatesponsorshipincludedthe1996Summer
OlympicshostedinAtlanta,whichallowedCocaColatospotlightits
hometown.Mostrecently,CocaColahasreleasedlocalizedcommercials
forthe2010WinterOlympicsinVancouveroneCanadiancommercial
referredtoCanada'shockeyheritageandwasmodifiedafterCanadawon
thegoldmedalgameonFebruary28,2010bychangingtheendingline
ofthecommercialtosay"Nowtheyknowwhosegamethey're
playing".[112]

AFreightlinerCocaCola
ChristmastruckinDresden,
Germany.

Since1978,CocaColahassponsoredtheFIFAWorldCup,andother
competitionsorganisedbyFIFA.OneFIFAtournamenttrophy,theFIFA
WorldYouthChampionshipfromTunisiain1977toMalaysiain1997,
wascalled"FIFACocaColaCup".[113]Inaddition,CocaCola
sponsorstheannualCocaCola600andCokeZero400fortheNASCAR
SprintCupSeriesatCharlotteMotorSpeedwayinConcord,North
CarolinaandDaytonaInternationalSpeedwayinDaytona,Florida.
CocaColahasalonghistoryofsportsmarketingrelationships,which
overtheyearshaveincludedMajorLeagueBaseball,theNational
FootballLeague,theNationalBasketballAssociation,andtheNational
1952SummerOlympicsin
HockeyLeague,aswellaswithmanyteamswithinthoseleagues.Coca
Helsinki.CocaColavending
ColahashadalongtimerelationshipwiththeNFL'sPittsburghSteelers,
point
dueinparttothenowfamous1979televisioncommercialfeaturing
"MeanJoe"Greene,leadingtothetwoopeningtheCocaColaGreat
HallatHeinzFieldin2001andamorerecentCocaColaZerocommercialfeaturingTroyPolamalu.
CocaColaistheofficialsoftdrinkofmanycollegiatefootballteamsthroughoutthenation,partlydueto
CocaColaprovidingthoseschoolswithupgradedathleticfacilitiesinexchangeforCocaCola's
sponsorship.Thisisespeciallyprevalentatthehighschoollevel,whichismoredependentonsuch
contractsduetotighterbudgets.
CocaColawasoneoftheofficialsponsorsofthe1996CricketWorldCupheldontheIndian
subcontinent.CocaColaisalsooneoftheassociatesponsorofDelhiDaredevilsinIndianPremier
League.
InEngland,CocaColawasthemainsponsorofTheFootballLeaguebetween2004and2010,aname
giventothethreeprofessionaldivisionsbelowthePremierLeagueinfootball(soccer).In2005,Coca
Colalaunchedacompetitionforthe72clubsofthefootballleagueitwascalled"WinaPlayer".This
allowedfanstoplaceonevoteperdayfortheirfavoriteclub,withoneentrybeingchosenatrandom
earning250,000fortheclubthiswasrepeatedin2006.The"WinAPlayer"competitionwasvery
controversial,asattheendofthe2competitions,LeedsUnitedA.F.C.hadthemostvotesbymorethan
double,yettheydidnotwinanymoneytospendonanewplayerfortheclub.In2007,thecompetition
changedto"BuyaPlayer".ThiscompetitionallowedfanstobuyabottleofCocaColaorCocaCola
ZeroandsubmitthecodeonthewrapperontheCocaColawebsite.Thiscodecouldthenearnanything
from50pto100,000foracluboftheirchoice.Thiscompetitionwasfavoredovertheold"Wina
Player"competition,asitallowedallclubstowinsomemoney.Between1992and1998,CocaColawas
thetitlesponsoroftheFootballLeagueCup(CocaColaCup),thesecondarycuptournamentof
England.
Between1994and1997,CocaColawasalsothetitlesponsoroftheScottishLeagueCup,renamingit
theCocaColaCuplikeitsEnglishcounterpart.
IntroducedMarch1,2010,inCanada,tocelebratethe2010WinterOlympics,CocaColasoldgold
coloredcansinpacksof12355mL(12impfloz12USfloz)each,inselectstores.[114]
In2012,CocaCola(Philippines)hosted/sponsoredtheCocaColaPBAYoungstarsinthePhilippines.

Inmassmedia

CocaColahasbeenprominentlyfeaturedincountlessfilmsandtelevisionprograms.Sinceitscreation,
itremainsasoneofthemostprominentelementsofthepopular
culture.ItwasamajorplotelementinfilmssuchasOne,Two,
Three,TheCocaColaKid,andTheGodsMustBeCrazy,among
manyothers.Itprovidesasettingforcomicalcorporate
shenanigansinthenovelSyrupbyMaxxBarry.Inmusic,inthe
Beatles'song,"ComeTogether",thelyricssay,"HeshootCoca
Cola,hesay...".TheBeachBoysalsoreferencedCocaColain
their1964song"AllSummerLong"(i.e."'Memberwhenyou
spilledCokealloveryourblouse?")[115]
Thebestsellingartistofalltimeandworldwidecultural
CocaColaadvertisedona
icon,[116]ElvisPresley,promotedCocaColaduringhislasttour
VolkswagenT2inMaring,Paran,
Brazil.
of1977.[117]TheCocaColaCompanyusedElvis'imageto
promotetheproduct.[118]Forexample,thecompanyusedasong
performedbyPresley,ALittleLessConversation,inaJapaneseCocaColacommercial.[119]
OtherartiststhatpromotedCocaColaincludetheBeatles,DavidBowie,[120]GeorgeMichael,[121]Elton
John[122]andWhitneyHouston,[123]whoappearedintheDietCocaColacommercial,amongmany
others.
NotallmusicalreferencestoCocaColawentwell.Alinein"Lola"bytheKinkswasoriginally
recordedas"YoudrinkchampagneandittastesjustlikeCocaCola."WhentheBritishBroadcasting
Corporationrefusedtoplaythesongbecauseofthecommercialreference,leadsingerRayDaviesre
recordedthelyricas"ittastesjustlikecherrycola"togetairplayforthesong.[124]
PoliticalcartoonistMichelKichkasatirizedafamousCocaColabillboardinhis1982poster"AndI
LoveNewYork."Onthebillboard,theCocaColawaveisaccompaniedbythewords"EnjoyCoke."In
Kichka'sposter,theletteringandscriptabovetheCocaColawaveinsteadread"EnjoyCocaine."[125]

Criticism
Healtheffects
Alinkhasbeenshownbetweenlongtermregularcolaintakeandosteoporosisinolderwomen(butnot
men).[126]Thiswasthoughttobeduetothepresenceofphosphoricacid,andtheriskwasfoundtobe
sameforcaffeinatedandnoncaffeinatedcolas,aswellasthesamefordietandsugaredcolas.
InIndia,therewasacontroversywhethertherearepesticidesandotherharmfulchemicalsinbottled
products,includingCocaCola.In2003theCentreforScienceandEnvironment(CSE),anon
governmentalorganizationinNewDelhi,saidaeratedwatersproducedbysoftdrinksmanufacturersin
India,includingmultinationalgiantsPepsiCoandCocaCola,containedtoxinsincludinglindane,DDT,
malathionandchlorpyrifospesticides.CSEfoundthattheIndianproducedPepsi'ssoftdrinkproducts
had36timesthelevelofpesticideresiduespermittedunderEuropeanUnionregulationsCocaCola's
softdrinkwasfoundtohave30timesthepermittedamount.CSEsaidithadtestedthesameproducts
soldintheU.S.andfoundnosuchresidues.AstudyperformedbytheIndianHealthMinistryfailedto
reproducetheseresultsandconcludedthattheproductwassafe.[127][128]

Afterthepesticideallegationsweremadein2003,CocaColasalesinIndiadeclinedby15percent.In
2004anIndianparliamentarycommitteebackedupCSE'sfindingsandagovernmentappointed
committeewastaskedwithdevelopingtheworld'sfirstpesticidestandardsforsoftdrinks.TheCoca
ColaCompanyhasrespondedthatitsplantsfilterwatertoremovepotentialcontaminantsandthatits
productsaretestedforpesticidesandmustmeetminimumhealthstandardsbeforetheyare
distributed.[129]IntheIndianstateofKeralasaleandproductionofCocaCola,alongwithothersoft
drinks,wasinitiallybannedaftertheallegations,untiltheHighCourtinKeralaoverturnedruledthat
onlythefederalgovernmentcanbanfoodproducts.CocaColahasalsobeenaccusedofexcessivewater
usageinIndia.[130]

Useaspoliticalandcorporatesymbol

CocaColaadvertisinginHighAtlas
mountainsofMorocco

CocaColahasahigh
degreeofidentification
withtheUnitedStates,
beingconsideredbysome
an"AmericanBrand"or
asanitemrepresenting
America.DuringWorld
WarII,thisgaveriseto
briefproductionofthe
WhiteCokeasaneutral
brand.[131]Thedrinkis
alsooftenametonymfor

theCocaColaCompany.
TherearesomeconsumerboycottsofCocaColainArab
countriesduetoCoke'searlyinvestmentinIsraelduringtheArab
LeagueboycottofIsrael(itscompetitorPepsistayedoutof
Israel).[132]MeccaColaandPepsihavebeensuccessful
alternativesintheMiddleEast.[133]

AmockupoftheCokedispenser
flownaboardtheSpaceShuttlein
1996(US)

ACocaColafountaindispenser(officiallyaFluidsGeneric
BioprocessingApparatus2orFGBA2)wasdevelopedforuse
ontheSpaceShuttleasatestbedtodetermineifcarbonatedbeveragescanbeproducedfromseparately
storedcarbondioxide,waterandflavoredsyrupsanddetermineiftheresultingfluidscanbemade
availableforconsumptionwithoutbubblenucleationandresultingfoamformation.Theunitflewin
1996aboardSTS77andheld1.65literseachofCocaColaandDietCoke.[134]

Socialcauses
In2012,CocaColaislistedasapartnerofthe(RED)campaign,togetherwithotherbrandssuchas
Nike,Girl,AmericanExpressandConverse.Thecampaign'smissionistopreventthetransmissionof
theHIVvirusfrommothertochildby2015(thecampaign'sbylineis"FightingForAnAIDSFree
Generation").[135]

Seealso

CocaColla
Colalife
Fanta
ListofCocaColabrands
Pemberton'sFrenchWineCoca
MexicanCoke
OpenCola(drink)
Premixandpostmix
COCACOLAHBCAG

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Furtherreading
Allen,Frederick.SecretFormula:HowBrilliantMarketingandRelentlessSalesmanshipMade
CocaColatheBestKnownProductintheWorld.NewYork:HarperBusiness,1994.
Blanding,Michael.TheCokeMachine:TheDirtyTruthBehindtheWorldsFavoriteSoftDrink.
NewYork:Avery,2010.
Elmore,BartowJ."CitizenCoke:AnEnvironmentalandPoliticalHistoryoftheCocaCola
Company,"Enterprise&Society(2013)14#4pp717731online
(http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/enterprise_and_society/v014/14.4.elmore.html)
Foster,Robert.CocaGlobalization:FollowingSoftDrinksfromNewYorktoNewGuinea.New
York:PalgraveMacmillan,2008.
Hays,ConstanceL.TheRealThing:TruthandPowerattheCocaColaCompany.NewYork:
RandomHouse,2004.
Kahn,ElyJ.,Jr.TheBigDrink:TheStoryofCocaCola.NewYork:RandomHouse,1960.
Louis,JillChenandHarveyZ.Yazijian.TheColaWars.NewYork:EverestHousePublishers,
1980.
Oliver,Thomas.TheRealCoke,TheRealStory.NewYork:RandomHouse,1986.
Pendergrast,Mark.ForGod,Country,andCocaCola:TheUnauthorizedHistoryoftheGreat
AmericanSoftDrinkAndtheCompanyThatMakesIt.NewYork:BasicBooks,2000.

Primarysources
Isdell,Neville.InsideCocaCola:ACEOsLifeStoryofBuildingtheWorldsMostPopular
Brand.WiththeassistanceofDavidBeasley.NewYork:St.MartinsPress,2011

Externallinks
Officialwebsite(http://www.cocacola.com/)
Kinescopeofalive1954TVcommercialforCocaCola

WikimediaCommonshas
mediarelatedtoCocaCola.

(InternetArchive)
(https://archive.org/details/Coke_Commercial)
CocaColaAdvertisingHistory(http://jipemania.com/coke)
CocaCola:RefreshingMemories(http://www.life.com/gallery/60951/cocacolarefreshing
memories#index/0)slideshowbyLifemagazine
ChinaAdvisory:AvoidingtheWaxTadpoleEffectiveChineseLanguageTrademarkStrategy
(http://www.troutmansanders.com/11192008/)ChineselanguagetrademarkforCocaCola

Retrievedfrom"http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=CocaCola&oldid=653582354"
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