Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
I.
Preliminary Readings
Pacifico A. Agabin, The Politics of Judicial Review over Executive Action: The
Supreme Court and Social Change in Unconstitutional Essays, pp. 167-198 (1996)
Irene C. Cortez, Constitutionalism in the Philippines- A View from the Academia,
pp. 338-348, Vol. 59, 4th Quarter (1984)
Walter Murphy, Constitutions, Constitutionalism, and Democracy in
Constitutionalism and Democracy: Transitions in the Contemporary World, pp. 120 (1993)
II.
2.
Interpretation
Nitafan v. CIR, 152 SCRA 284 (1987)
Civil Liberties Union v. Executive Secretary, G.R. No. 83896, 22
February 1991
Filoteo v. Sandiganbayan, 263 SCRA 222 (1996)
3.
d. Ratification
Plebiscite v. Referendum
III.
1.
2.
Requisites
SC Petitions challenging the constitutionality of RA 9372 (October 5, 2010)
G.R. Nos. 178552, 178554, 178581, 178890,179157, 179461
a.
Case or Controversy
Garcia v. Board of Investments, G.R. 92024, 9 November 1990
Oposa v. Factoran, Jr., G.R. 101083, 30 July 2003
Manila Prince Hotel v. GSIS, G.R. 122156, 3 February 1997
Kilosbayan v. Morato, G.R. 118910, 17 July 1995
Taada v. Angara, G.R. 118295, 2 May 1997
Santiago v. Bautista, G.R. L-25024, 30 March 1970
People v. Ferrer, G.R. L-32613-14, 27 December 1972
Director v. Ang Chio Kho, G.R. L-30001, 23 June 1970
J.M. Tuason v. LTA, G.R. L-21064, 18 February 1970
Ripeness
Tan v. Macapagal, G.R. L-34161, 29 February 1972
Poe v. Ullman, 367 U.S. 497 (1961)
U.S. v. Richardson, 418 U.S. 166 (1974)
Mootness
DeFunis v. Odegaard, 416 U.S. 312 (1974)
Land Bank of the Phils. v. Suntay, G.R. 188376, 14
December 2011
b.
Legal Standing
Muskrat v. U.S., 219 U.S. 346 (1911)
PACU v. Secretary of Education, G.R. L-5279, 31October 1955
Gonzales v. Hechanova, G.R. L-21897, 22 October 1963
Gonzales v. Marcos, G.R. L-31685, 31 July 1975
People v. Vera, G.R. L-45685, 16 November 1937
Flast v. Cohen, 392 U.S. 83 (1968)
Sierra Club v. Morton, 405 U.S. 727 (1972)
U.S. v. SCRAP, 412 U.S. 669 (1973)
Kilosbayan v. Guingona, G.R. 113375, 5 May 1994
Kilosbayan v. Morato, G.R. No. 118910, 6 November 1995
Steffel v. Thompson, 415 U.S. 452 (1974)
Requisites for Taxpayers, Lawmakers, Voters & Concerned Citizens
Suits
Francisco v. House of Representatives, G.R. 160261, 10 November
2003
Sanlakas v. Executive Secretary, G.R. 159085, 3 February 2004
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d.
IV.
Principles
a. Sovereignty of the People and Republicanism
Art. II, Sec. 1- 1987 Constitution
Perez v. Suller, G.R. No. L-46710, 18 November 1939
Villavicencio v. Lukban, 39 Phil. 778
b. Adherence to International Law
Art. II, Sec. 2- 1987 Constitution
Kuroda v. Jalandoni, 83 Phil. 171, 178 (1949)
Secretary of Justice v. Lantion, G.R. No. 139465, 18 January 2000
Pharmaceutical Association v. Duque, G.R. No. 173034, 9 October 2007
c. Supremacy of Civilian Authority
Art. II, Sec. 3- 1987 Constitution
See Art. VII, Sec. 18- 1987 Constitution
See Alih v. Castro, 151 SCRA 279
d.
Establishment Clause
Aglipay v. Ruiz, 64 Phil. 201 (1937)
Garces v. Estenzo, 104 SCRA 510 (1981)
See Lemon v. Kurtzman, 403 U.S. 602 (1971)
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ii.
Exceptions:
Art. VI, Sec. 28 (3), 29 (2)
Art. XIV, Sec. 3 (3), 4 (2)
2.
State Policies
Art. II- 1987 Constitution
a. Independent Foreign Policy and Nuclear-Free Philippines (Sec. 7, 8)
b. Just and Dynamic Social Order (Sec. 9)
i. Promotion of Social Justice (Sec. 10)
See Calalang v. Williams, 70 Phil 726
ii. Respect for Human Dignity and Human Rights (Sec. 11)
iii. Sanctity of Family and Promotion of Youth (Sec. 12, 13)
iv. Equality of Men and Women (Sec. 14)
v. Promotion of Health and Ecology (Sec. 15, 16)
See Oposa v. Factoran, 224 SCRA 792
vi. Priority to Education, Science and Technology (Sec. 17)
vii. Protection of Labor (Sec. 18)
viii. Self-reliant and Independent Economic Order (Sec. 19, 20)
See Taada v. Angara, supra.
ix. Land Reform (Sec. 21)
x. Indigenous Cultural Minorities (Sec. 22)
xi. Independent Peoples Organizations (Sec. 23)
xii. Communication and Information (Sec. 24)
xiii. Autonomy of Local Governments (Sec. 25)
xiv. Equal Access of Opportunities for Public Service (Sec. 26)
xv. Honest Public Service and Full Disclosure (Sec. 27, 28)
V.
Dominium v. Imperium
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Page 5 of 23
VI.
LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT
1. Definition
2. By the People
a. Initiative
b. Referendum
3. By Congress
a. Composition, Qualification & Term of Office
Sec. 1, Art. VI, 1987 Constitution
1. Senate
Secs. 1-4, Art. VI, 1987 Constitution
2. House of Representatives
Secs. 5-8, Art. VI, 1987 Constitution
i.
District Representatives
Macias v. COMELEC, No. L-18684, 14 September 1961
Mariano v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 118577, 7 March 1995
Montejo v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 118702, 16 March 1995
Marcos v. COMELEC, 248 SCRA 300
Aquino v. COMELEC, 248 SCRA 400
Torayno v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 137329, 9 August 2000
ii.
Party-List Representatives
Republic Act 7941
Veterans Fed. Party v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 136781, 6 Oct. 2000
Bagong Bayani v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 147589, 26 June 2001
Atong Paglaum v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 203766, 2 April 2013
Partido ng Manggagawa v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 164702, 15 March
2006
BANAT v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 179271, 21 April 2009; Resolution 8
July 2009
Ang Ladlad-LGBT v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 190582, 8 April 2010
Phil. Guardians Brotherhood v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 190529, 29
April 2010
iii.
Sectoral Representatives
b. Election
Secs. 8-9, Art. VI, 1987 Constitution
Tolentino v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 148334, 21 January 2004
Macalintal v. COMELEC, G.R. 157013, 10 July 2003
c. Organization & Sessions
i.
Election of Officers
Sec. 16 (1), Art. VI, 1987 Constitution
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ii. Quorum
Sec. 16 (2), Art. VI, 1987 Constitution
Avelino v. Cuenco, 83 Phil. 17
Santiago v. Guingona, 298 SCRA 756
iii. Rules of Proceedings
Secs. 16 (3), 21, Art. VI, 1987 Constitution
Arroyo v. de Venecia, G.R. No. 127255, 14 August 1997
Pimentel v. Senate Committee, G.R. No. 187714, 8 March 2011
iv. Discipline of Members
Sec. 16 (3), Art. VI, 1987 Constitution
Alejandrino v. Quezon, 46 Phil. 83
Osmena v. Pendatun, 109 Phil. 863
Santiago v. Sandiganbayan, G.R. No. 128055, 19 April 2001
Pimentel v. Senate Committee, supra.
v. Journal and Congressional Records
Sec. 16 (4), Art. VI, 1987 Constitution
a. Enrolled Bill Theory
Mabanag v. Lopez Vito, 78 Phil 1
Phil. Judges Assoc. v. Prado, 27 SCRA 703
b. Probative Value of the Journal
U.S. v. Pons, 34 Phil. 729
c. Matters to be entered in the Journal
d. Journal Entry v. Enrolled Bill Theory
Astorga v. Villegas, 56 SCRA 714
Morales v. Subido, 27 SCRA 131
Arroyo v. de Venecia, supra.
vi. Congressional Record
Sec. 16 (4), Art. VI, 1987 Constitution
vii. Sessions
a. Regular Sessions
Secs. 15, 16 (5), Art. VI, 1987 Constitution
b. Special Sessions
Sec. 15, Art. VI, 1987 Constitution
Secs. 10-11, Art. VII, 1987 Constitution
Sec. 18, Art. VII, 1987 Constitution
c. Joint Sessions
1. voting separately
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Salaries
Sec. 10, Art. VI, 1987 Constitution
Sec. 17, Art. XVIII, 1987 Constitution
Philconsa v. Mathay, 18 SCRA 300
ii. Privileges
1. Freedom from Arrest
Sec. 11, Art. VI, 1987 Constitution
People v. Jalosjos, G.R. No. 132875, 3 Feb. 2000
2. Privilege of Speech & Debate
Sec. 11, Art. VI, 1987 Constitution
Jimenez v. Cabangbang, 17 SCRA 876
Pobre v. Santiago, AC No. 7399, 25 August 2009
iii. Disqualifications
Secs. 13, 14, 12, 20, Art. VI, 1987 Constitution
Adaza v. Pacana, 135 SCRA 431
Puyat v. de Guzman, 113 SCRA 31
Liban v. Gordon, G.R. No. 175352, 15 July 2009 & 18 Janaury 2011
Villegas v. Legaspi, G.R. No. 53869, 25 March 1982
e. Electoral Tribunals
Secs. 17 & 19, Art. VI, 1987 Constitution
Vera v. Avelino, 34 Phil 725
Tanada v. Cuenco, G.R. No. L-10520, 28 Feb. 1957
Pimentel v. HRET, 141489, 29 Nov. 2002
Codilla v. de Venecia, G.R. No. 150605, 10 Dec. 2002
Barbers v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 165691, 22 June 2005
Vilando v. COMELEC, G.R. Nos. 178831-32, 1 April 2009
Vilando v. HRET, G.R. Nos. 192147 & 192149, 23 August 2011
f.
Commission on Appointments
Secs. 18 & 19, Art. VI, 1987 Constitution
Daza v. Singson, 180 SCRA 496
Coseteng v. Mitra, 187 SCRA 377
Guingona v. Gonzales, 214 SCRA 789
Drilon v. de Venecia, G.R. No. 180055, 31 July 2009
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g. Legislative Powers
i.
2. Procedural Limitations
Secs. 26-27, 1987 Constitution
a. only one subject expressed in the title
b. three readings on separate days
iii. Question Hour
Sec. 22, Art. VI, 1987 Constitution
iv. Legislative Investigation
Sec. 21, Art. VI, 1987 Constitution
Bengzon v. Blue Ribbon Committee, 203 SCRA 767
v. Board of Canvassers for Presidential Elections
Sec. 4 (4), Art. VII, 1987 Constitution
vi. Call for Special Election for President & Vice-President
Sec. 10, Art. VII, 1987 Constitution
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Page 10 of 23
h. Legislative Process
i.
Requirement as to bills
1. titles of bills
Sec. 26, Art. VI, 1987 Constitution
Cruz v. Paras, 123 SCRA 569 (1983)
Giron v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 188179, 22 January 2013
2. as to specific laws
a) Appropriation Laws
Secs. 24-25, 29, Art. VI, 1987 Constitution
Sec. 3, Art. VIII, 1987 Constitution
Demetria v. Alba, 148 SCRA 208
Guingona v. Carague, 196 SCRA 221
Tolentino v. Sec. of Finance, 235 SCRA 630
LAMP v. Secretary of Budget, G.R. No. 164987, 24 April 2012
Pichay v. Executive Secretary, G.R. No. 196425, 24 July 2012
b) Tax Laws
Sec. 28, Art. VI, 1987 Constitution
Sec. 4 (3) & (4), Art. XIV, 1987 Constitution
Tolentino v. Secretary of Finance, G.R. No. 115455, 25 Aug.
1994
John Hay PAC v. Lim, G.R. No. 119775, 24 October 2003
Lung Center v. Quezon City, G.R. No. 144104, 29 June 2004
EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT
1. The President
a. Qualifications, Election, Term & Oath
Secs. 2, 4-5, Art. VII, 1987 Constitution
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Executive Power
Secs. 1 & 17, Art. VII, 1987 Constitution
Marcos v. Manglapus, 177 SCRA 668 (1989)
Birago v. Philippine Truth Commission, G.R. No. 192935, 7 Dec. 2010
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Heads of Departments
Ambassadors, Public Ministers & Consuls
AFP Officers from Colonel & Naval Captain
Constitutional Commissions Chairpersons & Members
Regular Members of the Judicial and Bar Council (JBC)
[Sec. 8 (2), Art. VIII, 1987 Constitution]
6. Sectoral Representatives
[Sec. 7, Art. XVIII, 1987 Constitution]
Sarmiento v. Mison, supra.
Quintos-Deles v. Comm. on Appointments, 177 SCRA 259 (1989)
Calderon v. Carale, G.R. No. 91636, 23 April 1992
Matibag v. Benipayo, G.R. No. 149036, 2 April 2002
Rufino v. Endriga, G.R. No. 139565, 21 July 2006
b. Upon Recommendation of the Judicial and Bar Council (JBC)
1. Members of the Supreme Court & all other courts
[Sec. 9, Art. VIII, 1987 Constitution]
2. Ombudsman & deputies
[Sec. 9, Art. XI, 1987 Constitution]
c. Appointment of Vice-President as cabinet member
[Sec. 3, Art. VII, 1987 Constitution]
d. Appointments solely by the President
Sec. 16, Art. VII, 1987 Constitution
1. Appointments not otherwise provided by law
2. As maybe authorized by law to appoint
e. Limitations to Appointing Power
1. Prohibited & Midnight Appointments
Secs. 13 & 15, Art. VII, 1987 Constitution
Arturo de Castro v. JBC, G.R. No. 191002, 17 March 2010
2. Interim or Recess Appointments
Sec. 19, Art. VI, 1987 Constitution
Sec. 16 (2), Art. VII, 1987 Constitution
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Page 14 of 23
JUDICIAL DEPARTMENT
Judicial Power
Sec. 1, Art. VIII, 1987 Constitution
Santiago v. Bautista, 32 SCRA 188 (1970)
Echegaray v. Secretary of Justice, G.R. No. 132601, 19 January 1999
See: Chapter III
1. Supreme Court
a. Composition
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Fiscal Autonomy
Sec. 3, Art. VIII, 1987 Constitution
g. Jurisdiction
Sec. 1, 2, 5, Art. VIII, 1987 Constitution
Sec. 30, Art. VI, 1987 Constitution
Sec. 18, Art. VII, 1987 Constitution
Bengzon v. Drilon, G.R. No. 103524, 15 April 1992
Joya v. PCGG, G.R. No. 96541, 24 August 1993
Macasiano v. NHA, G.R. No. 107921, 1 July 1993
Mariano v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 118577, 7 March 1995
TELEBAP v. Comelec, G.R. No. 132992, 21 April 1998
Gonzales v. Narvasa, G.R. No. 140835, 14 August 2000
h. Presidential Electoral Tribunal
Sec. 4, par. 4, Art. VII, 1987 Constitution
i.
Administrative Powers
i. Supervision of Lower Courts
Sec. 6, Art. VIII, 1987 Constitution
Maceda v. Vasquez, G.R. No. 102781, 22 April 1993
ii. Temporarily assign judges to other stations
Page 16 of 23
Rule Making
Sec. 5 (5), Art. VIII, 1987 Constitution
Sec. 14 (2), Art. XII, 1987 Constitution
Sec. 18 (3), Art. XIII, 1987 Constitution
Bustos v. Lucero, 81 Phil. 648 (1948)
In re Cunanan, 94 Phil. 534 (1954)
Javellana v. DILG, G.R. No.102549, 10 Aug.1992
Page 17 of 23
Page 18 of 23
C. Private Lands
1. Citizenship requirement
Sec. 7, Art. XII, 1987 Constitution
Godinez v. Pak Luen, 120 SCRA 223 (1983)
a. Exceptions
i.
legal succession
Ramirez v. vda. De Ramirez, 111 SCRA 704 (1982)
Page 19 of 23
6. Disqualification
Sec. 8, Art. XI, 1987 Constitution
Page 20 of 23
CONSTITUTIONAL COMMISSIONS
A. Civil Service Commission
1. Scope of Civil Service
Art. IX, B, Sec. 2 (1)
Gamogamo v. PNOC Shipping, G.R. No. 141707, May 7, 2002
Leyson v. Ombudsman, G.R. No. 134990, April 27, 2000
PNOC v. Leogardo, G.R. No. 58494, July 5, 1989
2. Commission- Composition and Qualifications
Art. IX, B, Sec. 1 (1)
Art. VII, Sec. 13, par. 2
3. Commissioners- Appointment and Term of Office
Art. IX, B, Sec. 1 (2)
4. Personnel- Appointment
Art. IX, A, Sec. 4
5. Salary
Art. IX, A, Sec. 3
Art. XVIII, Sec. 17
6. Disqualifications and Removal
Art. IX, A, Sec. 2
Art. XI, Sec. 2
7. Review of Decisions
Art. IX, A, Sec. 7
8. Fiscal Autonomy
Art. IX, A, Sec. 5
B. Commission on Elections
1. Powers and Functions
Page 21 of 23
Page 22 of 23
NATIONAL COMMISSIONS
A. Commission on Human Rights
Art. XIII, Sec. 17 (1-4)
1. Powers and Functions
Art. XIII, Sec. 18 (1-9)
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