Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
ruelmagayanes@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT
a)
b)
c)
General Term
Languages
Keywords
Bicol, Japanese language, Mandarin Chinese, language teaching,
language learning, comparative linguistics, polyglotism
1.
INTRODUCTION
2.
FOREIGN VS. NATIVE SOUNDS &
SYMBOLS
2.1. Teaching Japanese Phonetics
It is a well known fact that Japanese cannot produce the /l/
sound. This is not a racial predisposition. Perhaps, the Japanese
are not able to develop the ability to perceive, hence, articulate
the /l/ sound because such sound in nonexistent in their native
language. By nature, such ability would find no usefulness.
And then there is this mistaken notion that the Japanese language
is replete with the /r/ sound. Actually r is a mere symbol used
to represent a sound that is midway between /r/ and /l/. This
sound, although described as midway between /r/ and /l/, is
actually closer to /d/.
The following texts that describe the Japanese /r/ and give
suggestions on how it should be properly articulated were
verbatimly lifted from authoritative sources and given to the
students for them to understand.
ra sound peculiar to Japanese pronounced with
the tip of the tongue moving midway in the mouth
but not rolled. If the tongue is given slightly more
tension, this sound easily becomes d. It is like
neither r nor l in English but is sort of
between the two, like the Spanish r in pero. [1]
-o0o/r/ is probably the most difficult sound for
English-speaking students. This is neither /r/, /l/,
nor /d/ in English, but may be most close to /d/. In
Japanese it is necessary to distinguish /r/ and /d/.
In both cases the tongue touches somewhere and
comes off quickly and decisively. The difference
between these /r/ and /d/ is that of the position of
contact.
Filipino
r
l
Figure 1. Relationship of the Bikol & Filipino /l/, /r/, & /d/
ha
la
ma
na
nga
o/u
pa
sa
ta
ga
wa
ya
Baybayin Lopez
Bikol
e/i
Bisaya Hervs
ka
da/ra
Baybayin Kana
a
ba
Tagalog Sytlized
Cristiana Doctrina
-o0o-
Bikol Mintz
Roman Transliteration
a
b
k
d/r
E
g
h
l
m
n
N
O
p
s
t
w
y
a
b
k
d
E
g
h
l
m
n
N
O
p
s
t
w
y
a
b
k
d
E
g
h
l
m
n
N
O
p
s
t
w
y
a
b
k
d/r
E/I
g
h
l
m
n
N
O/U
p
s
t
w
y
A
b
k
d
E
g
h
l
m
n
N
O
p
s
t
w
y
a
b
k
d
E
g
h
l
m
n
N
O
p
s
t
w
y
kaga
kigi
kugu
kege
kogo
bahapa
bihipi
bufupu
behepe
bohopo
Take (kigi). The Bikol word for cut is either kiris or
giris. That also is another good springboard.
ka
sa
ta
na
ha
ma
ya
ra
wa
ki
shi
chi
ni
hi
mi
ri
ku
su
tsu
nu
fu
mu
yu
ru
ke
se
te
ne
he
me
ko
so
to
no
ho
mo
yo
re ro
Dakuon
(voiced/sonant)
Handakuon
(semivoiced/semisonant)
ga
za
da
gi
ji
ji
gu
zu
zu
ge
ze
de
go
zo
do
ba bi bu be bo
pa pi pu pe po
3.2
Mandarin Chinese Basic Sentence
Pattern
The first sentence learned by a student of Mandarin Chinese is
usually N (you) ho (fine). Its literal translation is you are
fine, but its equivalent expression in English is Hi.
N ho may be expanded to N ho ma? whose literal
translation is you are fine? but is equivalent in English to
How are you?
The formulaic response is W (I) ho (I am fine) or W hn
(very) ho (I am very fine).
3.
TEACHING JAPANESE &
MANDARIN CHINESE GRAMMAR USING
BIKOL THROUGH ANALOGY
3.1
Japanese Adjectives
ay
Adjectival
Complement
(C)
ho.
ok.
ok.
S-C pattern
in Mandarin Chinese
& Bikol
Mandarin Chinese
Bikol
Filipino
I
Subject
(S)
4.
am
ok.
English
Linking
Complement
Verb
S-LV-C pattern
(C)
(LV)
in English & Filipino
Predicate
CONCLUSION
5.
REFERENCES