AnnotatedBibliography

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ACelebrationofStalin's70thBirthday
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AdamHochschild
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TheHuffingtonPost
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TheCoffinofSovietPoliticalLeaderJosephStalin
.1953.EBSCOhostImageCollection,Moscow,Soviet
Union.
March1953:TheCoffinofSovietPoliticalLeaderJosephStalin
.HultonArchive/GettyImages,
EBSCOMASUltraSchoolEdition
.Web.25Dec.2014.
CollectingCorpsesinaVillageinEasternUkraine
.1933.Ukraine.
EncyclopediaofUkraine
.Web.17Jan.
2015.
Demianchuk,Alexander.
MayDayDemonstrations
.2013.Reuters,Russia.
BusinessInsider
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2015.
Demianchuk,Alexander.
WhyRussiansAreCarryingBigPortraitsOfJosephStalinToday
.2013.Reuters,
Russia.
BusinessInsider
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DemonstrationinPetrograd:FebruaryRevolution
.1917.Petrograd,Russia.
EncyclopediaofUkraine
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6Feb.2015.
Famine:StarvingChildinthePoltavaRegion
.1933.H.PshenychnyArchives,Poltava,Ukraine.
EncyclopediaofUkraine
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FirstMausoleum
.1924.LeninMausoleum,Moscow,Russia.
SeventeenMomentsinSovietHistory
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Dec.2014.
JosephStalin,LyinginStateinHallofColumnsoftheHouseofUnionsinMoscow
.1953.Moscow,Russia.
LibraryofCongress
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JosephStalinwithTwoYoungWomenCollectiveFarmWorkers
.1936.SovietUnion.
NewsJunkiePost
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Comp.GilbertMercier.Web.18Jan.2015.

KHRUSHCHEV'SDENUNCIATIONOFSTALIN
.1956.TheObserver,SovietUnion,20thCongressofthe
CommunistPartyoftheSovietUnion.
MailOnlineDailymail.co.uk
.Comp.HaroldEvans.Web.24
Dec.2014.
NicholasII,LastCzarofRussia
.N.d.BritannicaSchoolImages&Videos.
BritannicaSchool
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2014.
ProtestersinFrontoftheWinterPalace
.1917.BritannicaSchoolImages&Videos,Petrograd(Saint
Petersburg),Russia.
BritannicaSchool
.Web.25Dec.2014.
RussianWomanHoldingJosephStalinPosterduringaVladimirPutinSpeech.
2014.APImages,Russia.
NewYorkPost
.Comp.PhilMushnick.Web.6Mar.2015.
SowingonaCollectiveFarm
.1930.Ukraine.
LibraryofCongress
.Web.3Feb.2015.
Stalin,AllegedlySigningaDeathWarrant.
GendercideWatch.
Stalin'sPurges
.Web.17Dec.2014.
Stalin'sFather
.
HaciendaPublishing
.Comp.MiguelFaria.Web.25Dec.2014.
Stalin'sTombinMoscow'sRedSquare
.2007.Moscow,Russia.
RadioFreeEuropeRadioLiberty
.Comp.
ChloeArnold.Web.14Feb.2015.
Tiflis:TheOrthodoxTheologicalSeminaryfromtheSideoftheSoldier'sBazaar
.TheCaucasus:anAlbum
ofPhotographs,Tiflis(Tbilisi),Georgia.
NewYorkPublicLibrary(NYPL)DigitalGallery
.Comp.
GeorgeKennan.Web.25Dec.2014.
UkrainianFamine
.Ukraine.
UnitedHumanRightsCouncil
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UkrainianFamineVictim
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BrutalityUkraineFamine
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UzbekCollectiveFarmersDiscussingWorkofSpringSowingintheUSSR
.1930.
LibraryofCongress
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3Feb.2015.
V.I.Lenin,Portrait
.1916.LeninInternetArchive:PhotographsofVladimirIlyichLenin,Zurich,Switzerland.
MarxistsInternetArchive
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VictimsoftheFamineinUkraine
.Ukraine.
EncyclopediaofUkraine
.Web.17Jan.2015.
WithLeninandL.B.Kamenev,at2ndCongress
.1919.Russia.
MarxistsInternetArchive
.Web.1Feb.
2015.

WomanCollectiveFarmerwithNewlyHarvestedWheat
.1930.Krasnodar,Russia.
LibraryofCongress
.
Web.3Feb.2015.

PrimarySources
Posters
Borisovich,Victor.
BelovedStalinthePeoplesHappiness!
1950.
GammaCloud
,24Jan.2013.Web.
18Jan.2015.
ThisisaSovietpropagandaposter,captionedBelovedStalinthePeoples
Happiness!ThisposterdepictsJosephStalinoverlookingcrowdsofseeminglyadoringcitizens
carryingflagsandpostersinhishonor,whichcloselyrepresentactualparadesandcelebrations
conductedintheSovietUnionunderStalinistleadership.Also,thissourcewascreatedin1950,
shortlybeforeJosephStalinsdeathin1953,whichcouldexplainwhysuchalargenumberofSoviet
citizenswereabsolutelydevastateduponhearingofhisdeath,andforthisreason,Ibelievethatthis
posterwillbeveryvaluableinprovingmythesisstatementaswellassupportingstatementsmade
withinthepagesofmyfinalproject.
"Comrade,ComeJoinOurKolkhoz."
HighfieldModernWorldHistory
.SovietGovernment,Web.20
Dec.2014.
ThisisaSovietpropagandaposterthatwascreatedforthepurposeofconvincing
peasantstojoinacollectivefarm,depictingimagesofcleanandhealthyfarmersthatwerenotatall
realistic,failingtoreflectthetrueappearancesandsituationsofactualcollectivefarmerswithinthe
SovietUnion,whichledmetorealizethefailuresofthepoliciesofSovietcollectivizationofagriculture
aswellastheextremityandcapabilityofSovietpropagandaduringtheStalinistera.
GlorytoStalintotheGreatArchitectofCommunism!
1940s.
SovietPosters
.Sovietposters.com.
Web.18Jan.2015.
ThisisaSovietpropagandaposterthatliterallydepictsJosephStalinasan
architectofcommunism,beingsurroundedbymanyseeminglyadoringcitizenswhoappeartobe
cheerfullywavingtowardshim.ThisposterisoneofmanythatwerecreatedduringStalinist
leadershipoftheSovietUnionforthepurposeofsupportingtheirleadertoaquiteridiculousextent,
asJosephStalinsstatusamonghiscitizensduringthisperiodwassimilartothatofagodthiswas

achievedonlybytheestablishmentanddevelopmentofastrongcultofpersonality,whichportrayed
himinthismanner.Icanutilizethissourcetoprovemythesisstatementandsupportvarious
statementsmadewithinthepagesofmywebsite.
GreatLeaderHagiographicPortraitofJosephStalin
.
CaseStudy:Stalin'sPurges
.Gendercide
Watch.Web.16Dec.2014.
ThisisahagiographicportraitofJosephStalin,whichseemstocapture
hislikenessinastateofvaguereverence,whilealsodepictinghiminaquitemodestmanner,as
shownbyhisattire,pose,andbackgroundsettingalmostasagodlikefigure.Thissource,withthe
qualitiesthatIexplainedearlier,providedanauthenticexamplefortheStalinistcultofpersonality
whichIhadpreviouslyreadaboutinsuchgreatdetailyethadneverlookedatbonafidematerial
regardingit.ThisportraitalsoledmetoquestionthelegitimacyofJosephStalinscultofpersonality
fromtheperspectiveofhiscitizens,asthemannerthatStalinisportrayedinthisworkofarthasthe
appearanceofbeingquiteexaggerated,conspicuouslyso,whichwouldprobablyincitesuspicion
amongthemoreconsciousmembersofSovietsociety.Also,thissourcewillcontributegreatlytothe
creationofmyfinalproject,whichisaimedatrevealingtheintentionsandatrocitiesoftheGreat
TerroraswellasrepresentingthefabricatedportrayalsofJosephStalinwithinhiscultofpersonality.
Ivanov,V.S.
LeninLived,LeninLives,LeninWillLive.
1924.
CredoReference
.
Web.7Feb.2015.This
isapropagandaposter,captionedLeninlived,Leninlives,Leninwilllive.Thisposterdepicts
VladimirLeninastheleaderoftheRussianRevolutionandthecreatoroftheSovietUniona
presumablybettersocietyfortheproletariat.AsitsupportsmystatementthatLenin,followinghis
death,developedacultofpersonalityofhisown,whichwasthefirstexampleofthecommunistcultof
personality,towhichthatofJosephStalinwouldbethesecond,Iwilldefinitelydisplaythis
propagandaposterwithinthepagesofmywebsite.Inaddition,thisposterrepresentingthecultof
personalityofVladimirLeninappearstobequitesimilartothoseofJosephStalin,whichallowedme
todevelophistoricalcontextthatwilllikelybepresentedwithinthepagesofmywebsite.
JosephStalinandMikhailGorbachev
.TheWendeMuseumandArchiveoftheColdWar.
The
SacramentoBee
.SamMcManis,11May2014.Web.6Mar.2015.
Thisisapaintingcreatedduring
theleadershipofMikhailGorbachev.ThissourcedepictsanagreementofsortsbetweenJoseph

StalinandMikhailGorbachev,soastoprovideafigurativerepresentationoftheeventsandpurpose
ofglasnost,whichallowedmetothinkmorecriticallyoftheactionsofandreasonsbehind
GorbachevsinstigationofglasnostandtherevelationofthetruefactsofStalinsleadership.
Kukryniksy.
WeWillAnnihilateKulaksasaClass
.1930.LibraryofCongressPrintsandPhotographs
OnlineCatalog.
LibraryofCongress
.MoscowLeningrad.Web.18Jan.2015.
ThisisaSoviet
propagandaposterthatdepictsacollectivefarmwithatractorandwascreatedforthepurposeof
promotingcollectivizationpoliciesinstigatedbyJosephStalinanditsassociateddekulakization
process,whichisdefinitelystronglyrepresentedwithinthisposter.Thissource,withitsparticularstyle
andcolorscheme,allowedmetodevelopafurtherunderstandingoftheopinionsofSovietleaders
regardingkulaks,whichcanbeutilizedwithinthepagesofmywebsitetosupportvariousstatements
thatImaymake.
"TheOctoberRevolutionBridgetoaBrightFuture."
IndianaUniversity
.Web.1Feb.2015.
Thisisa
propagandaposter,captionedTheOctoberRevolutionBridgetoaBrightFuture,thatportraysthe
revolutionaryspiritgreatly.Withthissaid,manyrevolutionariesatthetimeoftheRussianRevolution
thoughtoftsaristleadershipasineffectiveandevendetrimentaltothelowerstratasofsocietyin
particular,andthereforebelievedthatrebellingagainsttheRomanovswasthefirststepincreatinga
morejustandfairsocietydirectedtowardstheproletariat,whichweremostrepressedunderthe
leadershipofCzarNicholasII.Thissourcewasincrediblyhelpfulinmyresearch,andIwilldefinitely
includeitwithinthepagesofmyfinalprojectforthepurposeofsupportingstatementsregardingthe
RussianRevolutionandthecreationoftheSovietUnion.
Toidze,Irakli.
Stalin'sCareBrightenstheFutureofOurChildren!
1947.
ANSMagazine
.Comp.Peter
VanAlfen.AmericanNumismaticSociety,2005.Web.18Jan.2015.
ThisisaSovietpropaganda
posterthatwaslikelycreatedforthepurposeofprojectingthefactthatJosephStalinwasareliable,
trustworthy,andkindleader,asitdepictsStalininaprepossessingmanner,holdingasmallchildin
hishands.Thissourceallowedmetodevelopafurtherunderstandingofthecultofpersonalityand
howJosephStalindesiredtobeportrayedintheSovietmedia,whichimprovedmycriticalthinking
skillsinallowingmetoanalyzeitsappearance.Inaddition,asthissourcedeliversarelatively

straightforward,yetpowerfulmessage,Iwillmostlikelyincludeitwithinthepagesofmywebsitefor
thepurposeofsupportingstatementsmaderegardingtheStalinistcultofpersonality.
UndertheLeadershipoftheGreatStalinForwardtoCommunism
.Chapter30Revolutionand
Nationalism.
HistorodaHistory
,17Apr.2013.Web.18Jan.2015.
ThisisaSovietpropaganda
poster,captioned"UndertheLeadershipoftheGreatStalinForwardtoCommunism,thatdepicts
JosephStalinasademigod,withindividualsofavarietyofappearances,backgrounds,andranks
lookingathimadmiringly.ThecaptionaswellastheappearanceofthisposterdisplayedhowSoviet
citizens,governedunderastrongcultofpersonality,feltaboutStalinistleadership,orintheleast,how
theSovietgovernmentwantedthemtofeel.Asitwasrelativelystraightforwardthoughcontained
meaningandallowedmetoquestionthevalidityofapersonalitycult,Iamdefinitelygoingtoutilize
thissourcewithinmyfinalprojectforthepurposeofsupportingstatementsregardingthecultof
personalityestablishedundertheleadershipofJosephStalin.

Cartoons
"BritishCartoonDepictingtheNatureoftheShowTrials."
HighfieldModernWorldHistory
.Web.20
Dec.2014.
ThisisaBritishcartoonyrepresentationoftheconfessionsthatoccurredduringthe
MoscowShowTrialsof19361938,whichwereprimarilyorchestratedbyJosephStalin.Thoughthe
depictionofthetrialsinthiscartoonisquitehumorous,itis,toacertaindegree,accurate.This
cartoonalsoprovidedmewithknowledgeregardingthefactthatcitizensofforeigncountrieswere,in
fact,awareoftheatrocitiesthatwerebeingcommittedwithintheSovietUnion,leadingmeto
formulateageneralideaofwhatforeignopinionsoftheGreatTerror,specificallytheMoscowShow
Trials,were.
Cummings,Michael."IfShe'sLikeThisasaBaby,WhatWillSheBeLikeWhenShe'sGrownUp?"
Web.31Jan.2015.
Thisisapoliticalcartoon,captionedIfShe'sLikeThisasaBaby,WhatWillShe
BeLikeWhenShe'sGrownUp?,thatalludesthefactthatMikhailGorbachevspoliciesofglasnost
weredetrimentaltotheSovietUnion,causingitscollapsein1991.Thissource,inadditionto
educatingmeinthereasoningbehindthefalloftheU.S.S.Rin1991,allowedmetoquestionand

wonderabouttheapparentdestructivenatureofglasnost,leadingtoadditionalresearchbeing
conducted.Asthiscartoonwasadvantageousinmyresearch,Iplanonincludingitwithinmywebsite.
Efimov,Boris."Yezhov'sIronGlove."
GendercideWatch'CaseStudy':Stalin'sPurges
.Web.17Dec.
2014.
ThisisapoliticalcartoondepictingNikolaiYezhov,theheadoftheNKVDduringtheGreat
Terror,crushingtraitorswhoareportrayedassnakes.Beingaprototypicalexampleofapolitical
cartoon,thissource,whiledisplayingastraightforwardmessage,wasopentointerpretation,whichled
metothinkdeeperandquestionabouttheGreatTerroraswellastheleadersandmethodsemployed
duringtheperiod.Thiscartoonwillalsoprovidevaluablesupportinmywebsitewhenprovingmy
thesisstatementandapplyingmypreviouslyacquiredknowledgetocreateandsolidifyhistorical
context.
"VisitthePyramidsoftheUSSR."
HighfieldModernWorldHistory
.Web.19Dec.2014.
Thisisa
FrenchsatiricaldepictionofJosephStalinstandingnearpilesofskulls,whichrepresentthelives
takenduringhisleadership.ThecartoonitselfdescribesthefactthatStalinistleadershipoftheSoviet
Unionprovedtobedeadlyformillionsofindividuals,andthereforeisaderogatoryFrenchopinionof
JosephStalin'sprinciplesofleadership.Thiscartoonalsoservedtoassistmeinunderstanding
foreignopinionsonStalinistleadershipoftheSovietUnion,particularlyduringtheGreatTerror.

Correspondences,Speeches,andGovernmentDocuments
Feigin."ConditionsontheKolkhozes."LettertoSergoOrdzhonikidze.9Apr.1932.
Revelationsfrom
theRussianArchives:InternalWorkingsoftheSovietUnion
.LibraryofCongress.Web.4Mar.
2015.
Thisisaletter,addressedtoSergoOrdzhonikidze,aclosefriendofJosephStalin,regarding
theconditionsofcollectivefarms,particularlyfocusingontheimpactsthatStalin'scollectivization
policieshadonlivestockpopulations.Asitcitedspecificfiguresandstatisticsandmadeparticularly
strongandquotablestatementsregardingcurrenteventsintheSovietUnion,Ibelievedthatthis
sourcewasofanincrediblyhighquality,andthereforeisfeaturedandquotedwithinmywebsite.In
addition,thisletterandvaluableprimarysourceartifactwasprovidedtomethroughacredible
website,whicheffectivelymademecertainofitsusefulness.Thisletterwasalsoawonderfulsource

becauseitallowedmetoview,learn,andreadaboutasignificantperiodofSoviethistorythrougha
differentperspective:thatofawitnessandanindividualofthattime,whichisinvariablyadvantageous
forNationalHistoryDayresearch.
"GrainProcurementsandtheProspectsfortheDevelopmentofAgriculture."
FromMarxtoMao
.
Aug.2000.Web.3Feb.2015.
Thisisacompilationofvariousstatements,regardingSoviet
agricultureandtheprospectsofcollectivization,madebyJosephStalininJanuary1928.Throughthis
source,IdiscoveredtheexactreasoningforthedecisionofStalinandtheSovietgovernmentto
initiatehisagriculturalcollectivizationcampaign,whichallowedmetodevelopvaluablehistorical
contextandacquireamorethoroughunderstandingoftheleadershipofJosephStalin.Asthiswasa
primarysourcedirectlyfromStalin,materialwithinitwilldefinitelybeutilizedwithinthepagesofmy
websitetosupportmyownstatementsaswellasothersources.
Khrushchev,Nikita."OntheCultofPersonalityanditsConsequences.20thCongressofthe
CommunistPartyoftheSovietUnion.Russia.2425Feb.1956.
KhrushchevReferenceArchive
.
Web.12Dec.2014.
ThisisatranscriptionoftheSecretSpeech(OntheCultofPersonalityandits
Consequences),whichwasgivenbyNikitaKhrushchev,JosephStalinssuccessor,atthe20th
CongressoftheCommunistPartyoftheSovietUnionin1956.Thissourcewasabsolutelyamazing,
providinganentirelynewinsightonJosephStalinsleadership,andindoingso,denouncedand
contradictedStalinsprinciplesandactionsperfectly,whilealsoelaboratingontheeffectsofStalins
tyrannicalleadershipoftheSovietUnion,priortoKhrushchevsown.Thisspeechalsoservedasa
prototypicalexampleofwhatIexpectedforaneminentleaderintheSovietUniontosayandhowto
actfollowingthedeathofJosephStalin,whichwasextremelyusefulinmyresearch,andwillbea
significanthelpincreatingmyfinalprojectandprovingmythesisstatement.
Lenin,Vladimir."LettertotheCongress."
LetterstotheCongressIndex
.Marxists.org,Web.4Dec.
2014.
ThissourceisacollectionoffourlettersfromVladimirLenin,withadaterangeofDecember
1922January1923,regardingproposedmodificationswithintheCentralCommittee,particularlythe
increaseoftheamountofmemberswithinthisgroup,whichheclaimscouldresolveseveralissues,
includingpossibleconflictsbetweenJosephStalinandLeonTrotsky,hisprimaryrivalforpower.This

particularsourcedidnotbearanewinsightintothistopicasmuchasitprovidedmewithinformation
thatledmetoquestionmypriorknowledgeaswellasoccurrencesthatIwasnotyetawareof,
resultingintheacquisitionofnewinformationandathoroughunderstandingofrelationsbetween
thesetwoleaders.
Lenin,Vladimir."RevolutioninRussia."
LeninInternetArchive
.MarxistsInternetArchive,2003.Web.
26Mar.2015.
ThisisareportbyVladimirLenin,oneofthemajorpreeminentfiguresoftheRussian
Revolution,concerningtherevolutionof1905.ThisreportmarksthepointinMarxistideologyandthe
RussianRevolutionwheretheproletariathasfinallyfounditsvoice,andisfightingstronglyagainstthe
oppressivenatureofthebourgeois.Thus,thissourcewasincrediblyvaluableasitcontainsaprimary
accountfromasignificantleader,regardinganequallysignificanteventandtimeperiodinhistory.On
accountofitsvalueandundoubtedcredibility,excerptsfromthisreportwillbedisplayedwithinmy
website.
Marx,Karl,andFriedrichEngels."ManifestooftheCommunistParty."
Chapter1:Bourgeoisand
Proletarians
.MarxistsInternetArchive,Web.23Jan.2015.
ThisisasectionoftheManifestoof
theCommunistParty,authoredbyKarlMarxandFriedrichEngels,thatexplainsthebourgeoisand
theproletarians,whichweretermsoftenusedbyardentcommunists,includingVladimirLeninand
JosephStalin,atthetimeofrevolutionandbeyond.Thesetermsareexplainedinthecontextof19th
centuryEuropeanhistorythisfactprovidedmewithvaluablehistoricalcontextthatIutilizedto
developandincreasemyunderstandingoftheRussianRevolutionsandtheevolutionofMarxist
principles.
"Moscow'sFormalAnnouncementofStalin'sDeath."
OnThisDay
.TheNewYorkTimes,6Mar.1953.
Web.28Dec.2014.
ThisisatranscriptionofMoscowsformalannouncementofthedeathofJoseph
Stalin,whichledmetoacquireamorethoroughunderstandingofthedegreeandextentofStalinist
propagandaduringand,surprisingly,followingtheleadershipofJosephStalin.Thissourcealso
assistedmeinunderstandingnationalperceptionoftheprinciplesofStalinistleadership,ofwhichthe
textwillbehelpfulinprovidingequivalentandbalancedarguments,andtherefore,anessentially
unbiasedapproachtothisperiodinSoviethistory,withinthepagesofmywebsite.

NewspaperArticles
Arizonarepublican.
(Phoenix,Ariz.),16March1917.
ChroniclingAmerica:HistoricAmerican
Newspapers
.Lib.ofCongress.
ThisisthefrontpageofanAmericannewspaper,reportingshortly
aftertheconclusionoftheFebruaryRevolution.Thissource,initssubarticles,explainstheimpactsof
theFebruaryRevolution,particularlyfocusingontheabdicationofCzarNicholasII.Onaccountofits
informativequality,Iwillmostlikelypresentsnippetsofthissourcewithinthepagesofmyfinal
project.
"HUNGER,DESPAIR,DEATHINUKRAINEAGONY."
BrutalityUkraineFamine
.ChicagoAmerican,4
Mar.1935.Web.17Jan.2015.
Thisisthefrontpageofanewspaper,whichincludesseveralarticles
regardingthefamineinUkraine,entailinggraphicimagesandinterviewsthatarebothpowerfuland
informational,andwillthereforebevaluableinsupplementingstatementsandotherprimarysources
presentedwithinthepagesofmywebsite.Beingknowledgeableofthefactthatthesearticleswere
publishedintheUnitedStatesleadsmetowonderifthegeneralAmericanpublicwasawareofthe
atrocitiesofStalinistleadership,which,ifdiscovered,couldbeusefulinformationtoincludeinmyfinal
projectaswell.
TheOgdenstandard.
(OgdenCity,Utah),15March1917.
ChroniclingAmerica:HistoricAmerican
Newspapers
.Lib.ofCongress.
ThisisthefrontpageofanAmericannewspaper,reportingshortly
aftertheconclusionoftheFebruaryRevolution.Thissource,particularlyitssubarticles,explainedthe
specificeventsoftheFebruaryRevolution,astohelpthereaderunderstanditscausesandimpacts.
Inaddition,thefactthattheprimaryheadlinepertainstotheFebruaryRevolutionshowsthat
revolutionaryactionsinRussiaweresignificantworldwide,notmerelyinRussia.Asthissource
providesaclearandconciseimageandexplainstheFebruaryRevolutionwell,Iwillmostlikely
displaysnippetsofthenewspaperwithinthepagesofmywebsite.
"SIXMILLIONPERISHINSOVIETFAMINE."
BrutalityUkraineFamine
.ChicagoAmerican,25Feb.
1935.Web.17Jan.2015.
ThisisthefrontpageofanAmericannewspaperthatdisplaysseveral
articlesregardingtheUkrainianfaminewhichincludegraphicimagesandinterviewsthatexplainthe

livingconditionsofaveragecitizensduringthisfamine,whichallowedmetobecapableof
comprehending,toanincreasedextent,thetrueatrocitiesofStalinistleadership,whichIamtryingto
displayandproveinmyfinalprojectbecauseofthisfact,Iwillmostlikelyincludethissourcewithin
mywebsite.
Thesun.
(NewYork[N.Y.]),16March1917.
ChroniclingAmerica:HistoricAmericanNewspapers
.Lib.
ofCongress.
ThisisthefrontpageofanAmericannewspaper,reportingshortlyaftertheconclusion
oftheFebruaryRevolution.TheheadlinethatpertainstoanddisplaystheimpactsoftheFebruary
RevolutionshowsthatrevolutionaryactionsinRussiaweresignificantworldwide,notmerelyin
Russia,andonaccountofthisfact,Iwilldefinitelypresentsnippetsofthenewspaperwithinmyfinal
project.
TheTacomatimes.
(Tacoma,Wash.),15March1917.
ChroniclingAmerica:HistoricAmerican
Newspapers
.Lib.ofCongress.
ThisisthefrontpageofanAmericannewspaper,reportingshortly
aftertheconclusionoftheFebruaryRevolution.Oneofitssubarticles,titledGovernmentOverthrown
byRevolt!explainsthattheDumaandtheRussianarmyhaveoverthrownthetsaristregimeto
establishanewonethatwilllikelytreatitscitizensbetter,which,inadditiontoexplainingtheevents
andimpactsoftheFebruaryRevolution,allowedmetodevelopvaluablehistoricalcontextthatcanbe
utilizedinthecreationofmyfinalproject.AsthissourceexplainstheimpactsoftheFebruary
Revolutionextremelywell,Iwilldefinitelyplacesnippetsofthenewspaperwithinthepagesofmy
website.
TheWashingtontimes.
(Washington[D.C.]),09Nov.1917.
ChroniclingAmerica:HistoricAmerican
Newspapers
.Lib.ofCongress.
ThisisthefrontpageofanAmericannewspaper,reportingshortly
aftertheconclusionoftheOctoberBolshevikRevolution.InformationregardingtheOctober
RevolutionispresentedontheprimaryheadlineofaprominentUnitedStatesnewspapershowsthat
revolutionaryactionsinRussiaweresignificantworldwide,andonaccountofthisfact,Iwilldisplay
snippetsfromthenewspaperwithinthepagesofmyfinalproject.
Zorza,Victor."HowMoscowBroketheNewsofStalin'sDeath."
TheGuardian
.7Mar.1953.Web.7
Feb.2015.
Thisisanewspaperarticle,publishedbyTheGuardian,thatregardsMoscowsformal

announcementofthedeathofJosephStalin,includingquotationsfromSovietgovernmentofficials
whospokeonbehalfofStalininhisdeathannouncement.Thefactthatthisarticleisapersonal
narrativeallowedmetounderstandthatthedeathofStalinwasahighlysignificanteventthroughout
theSovietUnion,forseveralreasons.Statementsmadewithintheannouncementcanalsoconnectto
myownstatementsconcerningthecultofpersonality,impact,andlegacyofJosephStalin,andon
accountofthis,Iwilldefinitelypresentsnippetsfromthisarticlewithinthepagesofmyfinalproject.

Books
Lugovskaia,Nina.IWanttoLive:TheDiaryofaYoungGirlinStalin'sRussia
.Trans.Andrew
Bromfield.Ed.MicheleHutchison.NewYork,NY:HoughtonMifflin,2006.Print.
Thisbookitself
isacompilationofdiaryentriesfromNinaLugovskaya,ateenagegirlresidingintheSovietUnion
duringthe1930s.Theentriesshownbeganin1932,endingin1937onaccountofherfamilysarrest
andsentencetohardlaborintheKolymaGulag.Though,inthediaryentries,Ninaoftenappearedto
besmallmindedandquitenarcissistic,herpoliticalviewswereexcellentinthebook,itwasshown
thatshehadopinionsthatwerestrongtoanalmostunprecedenteddegreeamongtheaverage
teenager,ortheaverageSovietcitizenduringthe1930sforthatmatter,whichwasinitiallyquite
shocking,butresultedinthebookbeingsignificantlymoreinterestingandexcitingthanifitwere
composedbyabland,thoughfactual,historian.Thisgavemeamorethoroughunderstandingofthe
informationandideasthatStalinwasattemptingtosuppress.Also,background[oradditional]
informationregardingwhatNinawasdescribingwasprovided,whichmadetheprocessofreading,
comprehending,andnotetakingsignificantlyeasier.
Rigby,T.H.
Stalin:GreatLivesObserved
.EnglewoodCliffs,NJ:PrenticeHall,1966.Print.
Thisisa
bookthatexplainsmanyoftheelementsofJosephStalin'sleadershipoftheSovietUnion.Iidentified
thissourceas'primary'becauseincludedinthetextareseveralexamplesofvaluablespeeches,
reports,correspondences,andpersonalaccountsregardingthelife,leadership,death,andimpactsof
JosephStalin,whichwasalsoafactthatmadethisbookparticularlybeneficialinmyresearch

process.Becauseitwassohelpful,Iwillundoubtedlyquotepiecesofthissourcewithinthepagesof
myfinalproject.
Rigby,T.H.
TheStalinDictatorship:Khrushchev's'SecretSpeech'andOtherDocuments
.Sydney:
SydneyUP,1968.Print.
ThisisabookthatregardstheleadershipandimpactsofJosephStalin,
particularlyfocusingonreformsorchestratedfollowingthedeathoftheleader.Theintroductionofthis
sourceallowedmetodevelopvaluablehistoricalcontextbybecomingknowledgeableofthedefinition
andexamplesofdictatorshipsandcommunistregimesaswellasNikitaKhrushchev'sSecretSpeech
andothercomponentsofStalinism.Iidentifiedthissourceas'primary'becauseincludedinthetext
wereseveralcompletereportsandpresentationsgivenbyvariousSovietgovernmentofficialsduring
andaftertheleadershipofJosephStalin,includingNikitaKhrushchev's"OntheCultofPersonality
anditsConsequences"suchsourcesappearedtobethechieffocusofthetext.Overall,thissource,
withitsgreatcompilationofvaluableprimaryreports,speeches,andpresentations,wasincredibly
advantageousformyresearch,andwillthereforebequotedwithinthepagesofmywebsite.
Tolstoy,Leo.
TheCompleteWorksofCountTolstoy:MiscellaneousLettersandEssays
.Boston:
C.H.Simonds,1905.Print.
ThisisacompilationofmanyoftheworksofLeoTolstoy,aneminent
Russianwriterwhoseinfluenceinthefieldsofmoralsandreligionwasvastandwidespread.
Specifically,Ifocusedononesourcewithinthislargecollection,hisletter"TotheCzarandhis
Associates",whichperfectlydescribestheconditionsundertheleadershipofCzarNicholasIIthatled
towidespreaddissentandaneventualrevolution,andwillthereforebeincrediblyusefulinformulating
astatementregardingthecorruptandincompetentczaristregimethatJosephStalinattemptedto
changeandimproveduringhisleadershipoftheSovietUnion.

AudioandVideo
MontageofStalinandHisPersecutionTrials
.
Biography:JosephStalin
.WPAFilmLibrary,1936.
Web.25Dec.2014.
ThisisavideothatdescribestheMoscowShowTrials,whichthenarratorstates
wereprimarilyorchestratedbyJosephStalin.Thissourcealsoexplainstheoriginsandbackgrounds
aswellascharges,andthereasoningbehindsuchcharges,ofthedefendantsofthesethreeshow

trials.Inaddition,thisvideostatesthereasoningbehindandresultsoftheGreatTerror,which
encompassedthethreeMoscowShowTrials.And,thissourcesolidifiedmyunderstandingofthe
eventsoftheMoscowTrialsaswellastheGreatTerroringeneral.Idecidedtoclassifythissourceas
primarybecause,whileentailinganauthorsanalysis,interpretation,anddescriptionofhistory,this
videoincludedvaluableprimaryfilmfootageoftheMoscowTrialsintheformofamontage,whichI
regardedasthemainfocusofthesource.Inaddition,suchprimaryfilmfootagewillbeadvantageous
forsupportingthestatementsmadewithinthepagesofmyfinalproject.
NikitaKhrushchevBecomesNewLeader
.
Biography:JosephStalin
.WPAFilmLibrary,Web.25Dec.
2014.
ThisisavideothatdescribesNikitaKhrushchevasthesuccessorofJosephStalinaswellas
anaccompliceintheGreatTerror,ofwhichthisinformationallowedmetoquestionthereasoning
behindKhrushchevssuccessinrisingtopowerandinterconnectvariousperiodsinSoviethistory
throughhistoricalcontext,whichcanalsoeventuallybeutilizedwithinvariouspagesofmywebsite.In
addition,thissourcedescribedthepurposeandcontentsofNikitaKhrushchevsSecretSpeech,
whichallowedmetosolidifymypriorunderstandingofsaidspeech.Also,Idecidedtoclassifythis
sourceasprimarybecause,whileinterpretinganddescribingeventsinhistory,thecreatorincluded
valuableprimaryfilmfootageofNikitaKhrushchevsSecretSpeech,whichIdeterminedwasthe
chieffocusofthesourceandwillundeniablybeusefulinsupportinginformationpresentedwithinthe
pagesofmywebsite.
Pyatnitskogo,GRNKhIm.Orch.V.Zakharov.ByM.Isakovskiy.
GlorytoStalin
.1944.MP3.
Thisisa
Russianfolksong,recordedin1944,thatregardsJosephStalin.ThissourceidolizesStalinjustas
manyothershave,andwillundoubtedlybeusefulinsupportingmythesisstatementandinformation
regardingthecultofpersonalityandStalinistmanipulationofSovietsocietyandmedia.
StalinDies
.
Biography:JosephStalin
.WPAFilmLibrary,1953.Web.25Dec.2014.
Thisisavideothat
describesthedeathofJosephStalinandhisfuneralprocession,includingtheplacementofhis
corpse,intheformofamontageofvariousfilmclipsthatservetosupportthenarratorsstatementsin
additiontoallowingmetoquestionnationalperceptionofStalinistleadershippriortoandfollowingthe
deathofJosephStalin,andhowthiscouldpossiblybeconnectedtohiscultofpersonalityand

generalleadershiptactics.Inaddition,Idecidedtoclassifythissourceasprimarybecause,while
providingadescriptionandanalysisofhistoricalevents,thecreatorofthisvideoincludedmany
valuablepiecesofprimaryfilmfootage,withthelatterbeingfarmoreusefulformypurposeand
thereforebeingregardedasthemainfocusofthesource.

SecondarySources
Websites
"BolsheviksRevoltinRussia."
History.com
.A&ETelevisionNetworks,Web.25Nov.2014.
Thisisa
sourcethatdescribestheeventsoftheRussianRevolutionsingreatdetail,alsoprovidinghistorical
contextthroughthedescriptionofLeninslifeaswellashisinvolvementinRussianpolitics,including
thesedemonstrations.Thissourceallowedmetogainabaselineknowledgeregardingsocial
conditionswithinRussiaintheearly20thcenturyandhowtheycontributedtothecreationofthe
SovietUnionin1922.
"CaseStudy:Stalin'sPurges."
GendercideWatch
.Gendercide.org,Web.16Dec.2014.
Thisisa
websitepagethatdescribesStalinschildhoodandearlylife,socioeconomicconditionswithinthe
SovietUnion,andtheeventsoftheGreatTerroraswellasitsimpactonSovietcitizens,military
performance,andfutureleadersoftheSovietUnion.Thissourcealsoincludesmeaningfulimages
andquotestosupportthegenerallybaselineinformationprovidedwithinitsparagraphs,which
assistedmeininterpretingandanalyzingsuchinformation.Theincludedsourcesandtheregulartext
willalsobebeneficialinmakingandsupportingstatementsregardingmytopicwithinmywebsite,as
theyprovidedpowerfulnewinsighttothetopicoftheGreatTerrorandtheStalinistcultof
personality.
Geldern,JamesVon."1924:DeathofLenin."
SeventeenMomentsinSovietHistory
.Macalester
College,Web.28Nov.2014.
ThisisawebsitepagethatdescribesthedeathofVladimirLeninas
wellastheevolutionofaLeninist'cultofpersonality'.Thissourcehelpedmeacquirevaluable

historicalcontextanddevelopquestionsandpossiblecomparisonsbetweenLeninandStalin
regardingsimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweentheirindividual'cults.
Graham,James."Gorbachev'sGlasnost."
CollapseoftheSovietUnion
.HistoryOrb.Web.4Mar.
2015.
Thisisawebsitearticlethatregardsglasnost,whichwasinstigatedbyMikhailGorbachevupon
hisassumptionofpower.Theimpactsofandspecificdetailsregardingglasnostwereprovidedwithin
thissource,whichwas,inmycircumstance,incrediblyvaluableformypurposeofresearch,asIwas
previouslyuncertainastowhatglasnostactuallywas.Asthisarticlewasofsuchagreatvaluetomy
researchprocess,ithasbeenquotedwithinmyfinalproject.
Gregorovich,Andrew."BLACKFAMINEINUKRAINE."InfoUkes:UkrainianHistory,1974.Web.16
Jan.2015.
Thisisawebsitepagethatexplainstheconditions,impacts,andsignificanceofthe
Ukrainianfamine,includingmanyvaluableprimarysourcesthatgreatlyhelpedinmyresearch
process.Theauthorofthissourcealsoincludedquotationsfromauthorsofcrediblematerials,which
allowedmetoviewmultipleperspectivesandopinionsofJosephStalinsleadership,particularlyhis
managementofthefamineinUkraine,whichwasveryimportant,asprovidinganunbiasedaccountof
eventsinhistoryisoneofthekeycomponentsofagoodNHDproject.Inaddition,statisticscitedon
thiswebsitecommunicatedthestraightforward,yetmeaningful,impactsofthefamineinUkraineand
StalinistleadershipthroughouttheSovietUnion.Onaccountofitssheerquality,manyofthecontents
ofthissourcewillmostlikelybepresentedwithinthepagesofmyfinalproject.
Siegelbaum,Lewis."Khrushchev'sSecretSpeech."
SeventeenMomentsinSovietHistory
.
MacalesterCollege,Web.25Dec.2014.
Thisisanessaythatdescribesthecontentsandimpactsof
NikitaKhrushchevsSecretSpeech,providingspecificdatesastoassistmeinunderstandingand
interpretingtheinformationtointerconnectvariousperiodsinSoviethistory,essentiallyformulating
historicalcontextthatwilldefinitelybeutilizedwithinthepagesofmywebsite.Thissourcealso
allowedmetosolidifymypriorunderstandingoftheSecretSpeechandrelatedissues.
"SovietSecretPolice."
EncyclopediaofMarxism:GlossaryofOrganizations
.MarxistsInternet
Archive,Web.6Dec.2014.
ThisisasourcewithinanonlinearchivethatbrieflydescribedtheSoviet
SecretPolice,includingitsformationandresponsibilities.Ichosetoidentifythissourceassecondary

because,whilecontainingprimaryquotes,accounts,andopinions,itsprincipalobjectivewasto
providethereaderwithabasicunderstandingofthefunctionsoftheSovietSecretPoliceforthe
purposeofbeingcapabletocomprehendother,increasinglymoreinvolvedandespeciallyconvoluted
information,whichitdidforme.
"STALINISTRUSSIA."
HighfieldModernWorldHistory
.HighfieldSchool,28Jan.2013.Web.19Dec.
2014.
ThisisawebsitepagethatexplainsthepurposeandprocessofJosephStalinsrisetopowerin
theSovietUnion,hispoliticaltacticsemployedduringhisleadership,andtheeffectsandimpactsof
suchtactics.ThissourcealsoincludedanevaluationofStalinistleadershipinadditiontoproviding
severalmeaningfulandvaluableprimarysources,ofwhichsomewerefromcountriesbesidesthe
SovietUnionwhichassistedmeinunderstandingforeigninterpretationsofJosephStalinsleadership.
Also,theseincludedprimarysources,ofwhichsomewillbeincludedonmyfinalproject,helpedme
developcriticalthinkingandanalysisskillsregardingmytopic.Inaddition,theinformationingeneral
reinforcedmyknowledgeofSoviethistoryandtheinterconnectednessofthefivecategoriesof
researchformytopic.
Wilde,Robert,EuropeanHistoryExpert."DeStalinization."AboutEducation,Web.30Dec.2014.
Thisisawebsitepagethatexplainstheorigins,actions,andimpactsofthedeStalinizationprocess,
includingarelativelydetaileddescriptionofNikitaKhrushchevsSecretSpeechandthe
interconnectednessofthisanddeStalinization,whicheffectivelyformedhistoricalcontextthatwillbe
valuableindeterminingalogicalandwellflowingsequenceofeventsandtheirrespectiveimpacts
andcauses,withthisinformationbeingdisplayedonvariouspagesofmywebsite.Inaddition,thefact
thattheauthor,withatitleofexpert,isquitecredibleisanoteworthyattributeofthissourceandwill
assistindevelopingahighquality,impressiveannotatedbibliographytosupportmyfinalproject.

NewspaperandMagazineArticles

Arnold,Chloe."TheGreatTerror:SeventyYearsLater,Stalin'sImageSoftening."
RadioFree
EuropeRadioLiberty
.13Aug.2007.Web.14Feb.2015.
Thisisanonlinearticlethatdescribesthe
convolutedlegacyofJosephStalinaswellasStalinrehabilitationefforts.Inthecreationofthis

source,theauthorincludedseveralinterviewswithawidevarietyofindividualswhoprovidedtheir
ownperspectiveontheissueofStalinslegacy.Suchinterviewswereincrediblyvaluableinmy
researchprocess,astheyallowedmetocomprehendwhattheaverageRussiancitizensthinksof
JosephStalin,asopposedtowhatahighlyeducatedStalinhistorianthinksoftheleader,whichwill
servetopresentaprofounddescriptionoftheconvolutednatureofJosephStalinslegacyandimpact
onRussiansocietytodaywithinthepagesofmyfinalproject.
Cavendish,Richard."StalinDenouncedbyNikitaKhrushchev."
TheArchive
.HistoryTodayVolume
56,Issue2,Feb.2006.Web.30Dec.2014.
Thisisamagazinearticlethatdescribesthecontents
andimpactsofNikitaKhrushchevsSecretSpeech,aswellasproceedingeventsandpersonal
accountsofsaidspeech.Thissourceprovidedmewithanincreasinglythoroughunderstandingofthe
SecretSpeechandthereasoningbehinditssignificanceinRussianandSoviethistory,whichwill
allowmetoincorporatevaluableandrelevanthistoricalcontextwithinthepagesofmywebsite.
Cliff,Tony."RussiaFromStalinToKhrushchev."
MarxistsInternetArchive
.Ed.EindeO'Callaghan.
Trans.TedCrawford.MichaelKidron,1956.Web.18Dec.2014.
Thisisanarticlethatislocatedon
apagewithinanonlinearchivewhichwascreatedbyTonyCliff.ThissourcebrieflydescribesStalinist
managementofvariouseconomicaffairs,NikitaKhrushchevssuccessionofJosephStalin,andthe
formersmanagementofaffairsdescribedinthepreviousclause.Thisarticlealsodescribesthe
similaritiesanddiscrepanciesbetweentheleadershipofJosephStalinandthatofNikitaKhrushchev,
whichwillhaveasignificantimpactonandassistinmyresearchprocessintheaspectofimpactsand
historicalcontext.Inaddition,thissourceprovidedmewithafurtherunderstandingregardingpolitical
issuesandtheemergentofanewprominentleaderwithintheSovietUnionfollowingthedeathof
JosephStalin,whoseimpactonthenewleaderisdescribedwithinthesourceaswell.
Keller,Bill."MajorSovietPaperSays20MillionDiedAsVictimsofStalin."
TheNewYorkTimes
.
Nytimes.com,4Feb.1989.Web.13Jan.2015.
ThisisanarticlefromtheNewYorkTimesthat
explainsthecontentsofanarticlepublishedinaSovietnewspaper,regardingtheimpactsofStalins
repressions.ThisarticlelistedapproximationsoftheamountofvictimsofStalinistleadershipofthe
SovietUnioninparticularperiodsofSoviethistory.Thefactthatthisarticlewaspublishedin1989,

duringMikhailGorbachevsglasnostandperestroika,whichwereknownforreleasingpreviously
concealedinformationregardingJosephStalin,ledmetoconductadditionalresearchonMikhail
GorbachevsleadershipanditsconnectiontothatofStalin.Finally,thissourcewasparticularlyuseful
becausethesheernumbersofStalinsvictimswereveryprofound,tellingastoryoftheirown,which
canbeincludedonmywebsiteaswell.
Kelley,MichaelB."WhyRussiansMissJosephStalin."
BusinessInsiderMilitaryandDefense
.
BusinessInsider,Inc,01May2013.Web.13Jan.2015.
Thisisanonlinearticlethatbriefly
describesthelegacyandcurrentnationalperceptionofJosephStalinsleadership,citingstatistics
fromapollthatregardedthesesubjects.Theauthorofthissourcealsoincludedimagesof
contemporaryMayDaydemonstrations,inwhichRussiancitizensdisplayedtheirsupporttowards
JosephStalinandhisprinciplesinamannerthatissimilartothatofdemonstrationsconducted
decadespriorundertheleadershipofJosephStalin,whichallowedmetocomparereverencetowards
himinvarioustimeperiodstoestablishvaluablehistoricalcontext.
McGill,David."TheCultofStalin."(2011):13.ArchbishopTenison'sChurchofEnglandHigh
School,Apr.2011.Web.22Jan.2015.
Thisisashortarticle,authoredbyahistorian,thatexplains
thepurposeandimpactoftheStalinistcultofpersonality,connectinginformationtosignificantevents
inRussianandSoviethistory,suchastheRussianRevolutionsandWorldWarII,whichwasafact
thatassistedmeindevelopinghistoricalcontextthatcanservetoprovemythesisstatement,andwas
thereforeveryvaluableinmyresearch.Theauthor,inthecreationofthissource,alsoincluded
variousprimarysourcestosupporttheirownstatements,bothofwhichwillbepresentedwithinmy
finalproject.Certainprimarysources,suchasthequotations,withinthissource,wereespecially
helpful,astheyservedtoprovidemewithadeeperandmorethoroughunderstandingofhowstrongly
thecultofpersonalitywasenforcedandportrayedinSovietsocietyundertheleadershipofJoseph
Stalin,astheydepictedgenuinefeelingstowardandopinionsofStalinistleadership,whicharedifficult
tofindinanyordinarysecondarysource.
Rachlin,Samuel."StalinsLongShadow."Editorial.
InternationalHeraldTribune
5Mar.2013:
The
OpinionPages
.NewYorkTimes,4Mar.2013.Web.30Dec.2014.
Thisisaneditorialthat

describestheimpactandlegacyofStalinistleadershipoftheSovietUnion,thoughprimarilyfocusing
onthelatter.InexplainingJosephStalinslegacy,theauthorreferencesvariousopinionatedpollsand
surveysregardingcurrentnationalperceptionofStalinistprinciplesandactions,whichwere
conductedbycredibleindividualsandgroupsandwillbeextremelyadvantageousinprovingmy
thesisstatementaswellassupportinganyinformationregardingthelegacyofJosephStalin
presentedwithinthepagesofmyfinalproject.Inaddition,theauthorofthiseditorialcomparesthe
leadershipandprinciplesofJosephStalintothoseofrelativelymorewellknowndictators,ofwhich
thiscomparisoncanbeutilizedtoinvokeabetterunderstandingofthetyrannicalqualitiesofStalinist
leadershipoftheSovietUnionamongindividualswhomaynotpossessasthoroughofan
understandingofJosephStalinastheydoAdolfHitlerorMaoZedong.
Rettie,John,andTomParfitt."TheSecretSpeechThatChangedWorldHistory."
WorldNewsThe
Observer
.TheGuardian,25Feb.2006.Web.11Feb.2015.
Thisisanewspaperarticlethat
consistsofajournalistsrecountingoftheeventsthatoccurredduringandafterthepresentationof
NikitaKhrushchevsSecretSpeech.Theauthorofthisarticlealsoincludedinterviewswithmany
individualsofvariousages,backgrounds,andopinionsonJosephStalinandNikitaKhrushchev,
allowingmetoviewadiversearrayofopinionsrelatedtomyHistoryDaytopic,whichwasvery
beneficialformyresearch.Becauseofthis,Iwillmostlikelyincludequotationsfromthisarticlewithin
thepagesofmyfinalprojecttosupportmyowninformationprovidedinthesepages.
Whitaker,Emily."Stalin'sResurrection."
TheArchive
.HistoryTodayVolume62,Issue9,Sept.2012.
Web.30Dec.2014.
ThisisamagazinearticlethatprovidesananalysisofthelegacyofStalinist
leadershipoftheSovietUnionaswellasadescriptionofcurrentnationalperceptionofthecharacter,
influence,andactionsofJosephStalin,includingchangesinRussiansocietyaswellasvarious
reformsandinitiativesdesignedtopromotetheattributionofStalinistleadershipasbeingpositive,or
intheleast,rational.ThissourcealsoeffectivelyprovidedmewithanentirelynewinsightintoRussian
perceptionandinterpretationofStalinistleadership,whichwillmostlikelybeextremelyadvantageous
inprovingmythesisstatementandpresentingvaluableinformationregardingthelegacyofJoseph
StalinonthepagesofmywebsitetoadheretotherequirementsofthisyearsNHDtheme.

Books
Berlatsky,Noah.
Stalin'sGreatPurge
.Detroit:Greenhaven,2013.Print.
Thisbookisacompilationof
articles,excerpts,andpersonalaccountsfromawidevarietyofpeople,including,butnotlimitedto,
eminentauthors,historians,andevensurvivorsoftheStalinera.Thissourceprovidesavastarrayof
differentperspectivesandopinionsregardingtheissueoftheinterpretationofJosephStalin's
leadershipandlegacy,whichassistedgreatlyinformulatingmyownstandpointonthedebate.
Additionally,thisbookallowedmetoviewtheworksofvariousindividuals,manyofwhomIamnow
consideringcontactingforasupplementaryinterview.
Cunningham,Kevin.
JosephStalinandtheSovietUnion
.Greensboro,NC:MorganReynolds,2006.
Print.WorldLeaders.
ThisisabookthatdescribesJosephStalinschildhoodandearlylifeaswell
ashislongperiodofdictatorialleadershipoftheSovietUnion,whileexplainingissuesregardingthe
latterinmoredetail.Theauthorofthisbook,inhiswriting,alsoconnectedpreviouseventsinJoseph
StalinslifeandEuropeanhistorytoformhistoricalcontext,whichIwillmostlikelyincorporatewithin
variouspagesofmywebsite.Inaddition,thissourceservedtosolidifymypriorunderstandingof
JosephStalinslifeandrelatedissues.
Gottfried,Ted,andMelanieReim.
TheStalinistEmpire
.Brookfield,CT:TwentyFirstCentury,2002.
Print.
ThisisabookthatprovidedinformationregardingthelifeofJosephStalin,thoughfocusing
primarilyonhiscontributiontoRussianpoliticspriortohisassumptionofsupremepowerandhis
leadershiptacticsfollowingthisgainofpower.Withthisinformation,Iacquiredarelativelybaseline
understandingofJosephStalinaswellasthesocioeconomicfactorsthatexistedandwerepertinent
priortoandduringhisleadership,withquotationsfromeminentRussiansandhistorians,including
Stalinhimself,includedwithinthissourcesupplyingusefulhistoricalcontext.Also,thefactthatthis
bookprovidedfootnotesandreferencestoadditionalmaterialsmadeitatrulyvaluablesourceof
information,whichwillundeniablybehelpfulintheresearchprocessaswellasthecreationofmyfinal
project.

Hochschild,Adam.
TheUnquietGhost:RussiansRememberStalin
.NewYork,NY,U.S.A.:Viking,
1994.Print.
Thisisabookthatfeaturesinterviewsandaccountsfrommanyindividualswhoharbor
connectionstotheeventsoftheGreatTerrororthoseinvolvedinsuchevents.Quotationsfromthe
variousinterviewsandaccountsshowninthebookalsodisplayawiderangeofopinionsregarding
theprinciplesofStalinistleadershipoftheSovietUnion,whichisafactthatwillbevaluableinthe
regardofcreatingmyfinalproject,whichmustberelativelyunbiased.Inaddition,thissourcetaught
methatdiscussionregardingJosephStalinsidealsandactionsisstillquiteprevalentthroughout
Russia,whichIregardasahighlypositivesignthatIcanexplainwithinthepagesofmywebsiteasa
componentofthechangeorlegacycategoriesofresearchandorganization.And,thissource,asI
havenotyetmentioned,wasabsolutelyAMAZING,allowingmetothinkmorecriticallyregardingthe
opinionsandstatementsofvariousindividualsmentionedwithinitandquestionmyprior
understandingofthelegacyofJosephStalinaswellasthecurrentnationalperceptionofStalinist
principles.
Kuromiya,Hiroaki.
TheVoicesoftheDead:Stalin'sGreatTerrorinthe1930s
.NewHaven:YaleUP,
2007.Print.
ThisisabookthatincludesinterviewswithmanysurvivorsofStalinistleadershipandthe
GreatTerroraswellastheauthorsanalysisoftheeventsthatoccurredpriortoandpresumably
causedtheGreatTerror.Thelatterallowedmetoincreasemyunderstandingoftheinterconnecting
eventsofSoviethistory,particularlythosethatoccurredduringthereignofJosephStalin,and
establishvaluablehistoricalcontextthatIwillmostlikelyincludewithinthepagesofmywebsite,in
whichquotationsfromtheauthorofthesourcewillbeplacedaswell.
Matthews,JohnR.
TheRiseandFalloftheSovietUnion
.SanDiego,CA:Lucent,2000.Print.World
HistorySer.
Thisisabookthatdescribestheinfluences,notions,andactionsofvariousSoviet
leaders,includingmanyvaluableprimarysourceaccountsandimageswhichsupportedandhelped
furthermyunderstandingoftheirrespectivetopics.Also,asthissourcedescribedseveralleaders,as
opposedtosimplyfocusingontheleadershipofJosephStalin,Iwasallowedtoestablishconnections
betweenthecircumstanceswhichvariousleadersfacedaswellasthemethodstheyemployedto

resolveanyarisingissues,notingsimilaritiesbetweenthemforthepurposeofanalyzinghistorical
informationandsolidifyinghistoricalcontext.
McCauley,Martin.
TheStalinFile
.London:Batsford,1979.Print.
Thisisabookthatdescribesthe
eventsinSoviethistoryinarelativelysimpleformat,thoughincludesvariousprimarysourcesfrom
interviews,correspondences,articles,andspeecheswhichundeniablysetitapartfromregular
secondarysources.Suchprimarysourceswereparticularlyhelpfulinmyresearch,astheyservedto
providemewithafurtherunderstandingoftheRussianRevolution,theprocessofJosephStalinsrise
topower,andStalinistleadershipoftheSovietUnionandwillthereforebedisplayedonmywebsite.
Scandiffio,Laura.
EvilMasters:TheFrighteningWorldofTyrants
.Toronto:Annick,2005.Print.
This
isabookexplainingthemethods,policies,andidealsofvarioustyrannicalleadersthroughouthistory,
includinggeneralizationsregardingsimilaritiesbetweensuchleaders,whichprovidedmewithuseful
historicalcontexttounderstandhowJosephStalinsleadershipconnectedtoandaffectedthe
leadershipofvariousotherleadersofdifferenttimes,places,andsituations.Readingthisbook,Ialso
acquiredinformationregardingthetrueseverityandabrasivenessofStalinsprinciples,aswellas
someofthespecificgroupsofindividualswhowereaffectedbysuchprinciples,whichmadeitatruly
greatsource.
Solzhenitsyn,AleksandrIsaevich,andThomasP.Whitney.TheGulagArchipelago,19181956:An
ExperimentinLiteraryInvestigation
.NewYork:HarperPerennialModernClassics,2007.Print.
ThisisabookcomposedbyAleksandrSolzhenitsyn,aneminentRussianwriterandformergulag
prisonerincarceratedundertheleadershipofJosephStalin,whobecamefamousthroughhisnovel,
OneDayintheLifeofIvanDenisovich,whichexposedthetyrannyofthegulagsystemandtheStalin
regimetoalloftheSovietUnionandtheworld.Thus,hewasapivotalwriterofapivotaltimeinSoviet
history.Thisbook,TheGulagArchipelago,alsodescribesthetyrannicalnatureoftheleadershipof
JosephStalin,shiningalightontheSovietinterrogationsystemandtheconditionswithintheSoviet
UnionthatledtomassterrorbecominganecessityforStalintomaintainhissupremecontroloverthe
countryanditscitizens.AsitincludedaccountsfromAleksandrSolzhenitsynandothergulag
prisonersandvictimsoftherepressionsthatwereprevalentduringJosephStalin'sleadershipofthe

SovietUnion,thisbookmadeatrulyprofoundimpactonmeandmyunderstandingofSoviethistory.
Therefore,excerptsandquotationsfromthissourcewilldefinitelybedisplayedwithinthepagesofmy
finalproject.

Reports,Lectures,andDeclarations
DeWall,Thomas,MariaLipman,LevGudkov,andLashaBakradze.
TheStalinPuzzle:Deciphering
PostSovietPublicOpinion
.Rep.CarnegieEndowmentforInternationalPeace,1Mar.2013.
Web.15Jan.2015.
ThisisareportthatanalyzestheconvolutedlegacyofJosephStalin,primarily
focusingonthecurrentperceptionofhisleadershipbyRussiancitizens.Theauthorsofthissource
commonlycitefindingsfromapollthattheyconducted,whichsupportsthefactthatmanyindividuals
haveconflictingopinionsregardingtheleadershipandlegacyofJosephStalin.Thoughthisdoesnot
makeaverystrongargument,Iwillstillprobablyincludethepollfindingsortheauthorsstatements
onmyfinalproject.
"Declarationofthe25thCPNZNationalConference:STALINISM:StateCapitalisminRussia|CPNZ
Investigation."
MarxistsInternetArchive
.Marxists.org,Sept.1993.Web.17Dec.2014.
Thisisa
websitepagedescribingthedeclarationofthe25thCommunistPartyofNewZealand(CPNZ)
NationalConference,whichentailsanexplanationregardingtheimpactofWorldWarI,revolution,
anddecadesofincompetentleadershipontheeconomyoftheSovietUnionaswellasStalinsriseto
powerandtheeventualdefeatofTrotsky.Throughthissource,Iacquiredadditionalbaseline
informationregardingsocioeconomicconditionsthatexistedpriortoStalinsrisetopowerandhow
theyaffectedthenotionsandidealsofhisleadershipoftheSovietUnion,whichwillbehelpfulin
supportingthestatementsmadewithintheheartofmytopiconmyfinalproject.Also,Iidentifiedthis
sourceassecondarybecause,whileprovidingaccountsfromasignificantperiodinSoviethistory,it
listedinformationthatwaspertinenttomyresearchinaformatthatwassimilartorecountingfacts,
whichisadefiningcharacteristicofsecondarysources.
Hassan,Kelley.
StalinsGreatTerror:AbsolutePower,AbsoluteMadness
.
LourdesCollege
.Lourdes
University,2010.Web.21Feb.2015.
Thisisascholarlyessay,composedbyahistorymajorin

college,thatexplainsthevariouscomponentsofJosephStalinslife,leadershipandlegacyin
substantialdetail,whichassistedgreatlyinsolidifyingmypriorknowledgeofmajoreventsand
occurrencesinSoviethistory,suchastheBolshevikrevolution,Stalinsrisetopower,theMoscow
ShowTrials,andOperationBarbarossa.Theauthor,asshownbyhermyriadoffootnotesand
citations,clearlyengagedinaninvolvedresearchprocessandpossessedathoroughunderstanding
ofthehistoryoftheSovietUnionunderStalinistleadershippriortocomposingheressay.Inthe
creationofthissource,theauthoralsopresentedinnumerablestrong,thoughsupportedbyevidence
andadditionalinformation,argumentswhichundeniablyshapedmyperspectiveonissuesinSoviet
history,includingandespeciallytheleadershipandlegacyofJosephStalin,whichwill,onaccountof
theirextremevalue,bedisplayedwithinthepagesofmywebsite.
Rogovin,Vadim,Professor."Stalin'sGreatTerror:OriginsandConsequences."Lecture.University
ofMelbourneAustralia,Melbourne.28May1996.
WorldSocialistWebSite
.Web.22Dec.2014.
ThisisalecturethatdescribestheunprecedentednatureofStalinistleadershipoftheSovietUnion,
particularlyfocusingontheaimsofrapidcollectivizationandindustrializationaswellastheGreat
Terror,interconnectingtheseandessentiallyformulatinghistoricalcontext,which,ifincorporatedinto
mywebsite,willbevaluableinprovingmythesisstatementaswellassupportinginformation
procuredfromvariousothersources.

Databases
Dukes,Paul."JosephStalin."
HistoryToday
30.9(1980):14.
MASUltraSchoolEdition
.Web.21Jan.
2015.
ThisisashortarticlefromadatabasesourcethatincorporatesabriefbiographyofJoseph
Stalinaswellasarelativelyindepthanalysisoftheperceptionofhisleadership,wherethelatterwas
especiallyhelpfulinmyresearch,asitservedtoassistmeinprovidinginformationregardingStalins
impactandlegacytoadheretothisyearsNHDtheme.Inthecreationofthissource,theauthoralso
includedseveralvaluableprimarysources,withthepropagandapostersbeingthemost
advantageousformypurpose,astheygenerallydepictwhataparticularregimedesirestheir
membersorsubjectstobelieve,asopposedtowhattheyactuallybelieveorwhatisright,which,in

additiontobeingveryinteresting,correspondswiththeprimaryfocusofmyresearch.Also,aconcise
bibliographythatreferencesvariousreliablesourcesallowedmetobeconfidentthatthisarticleis
credible.
"JosephStalin."
BritannicaSchool.
EncyclopdiaBritannica,Inc.,2014.Web.25Nov.2014.
Thisis
anonlineencyclopediaarticlethatexplainstheeventsofStalinslifeandleadershipthroughout
severalsectionsinachronologicalorder.Theinformationthatwaspresentedwithinthissource
assistedmeinacquiringabasicunderstandingofJosephStalinandrelatedissues,aswellasthe
interconnectednessbetweenthem,inadditiontosolidifyingmypriorknowledgeofthesubject.The
assessment,whichwascomposedbyRonaldFrancisHingley,acredibleRussianauthor,was
especiallyusefulforthepurposeofidentifyingthedistinctimpactsandcontinuinglegaciesofStalinist
leadership,aswellasthediscrepanciesbetweenvarioushistoriansregardingtheiropinionsand
analysesofStalinslifeandleadershipoftheSovietUnion.Thoughthesourcewasntfootnoted,I
highlyappreciatedthefactthatitcontainedasectionwhichprovidedexamplesofmaterialthatcould
providefurtherknowledgeonthesubject.
Naimark,NormanM."InsideStalin'sHead."
Reason
46.9(2015):56.
MasterFILEPremier
.Web.4Mar.
2015.
Thisisadatabasearticle,composedbyAmericanhistorianNormanA.Naimark,thatdescribes
JosephStalin'searlylifeanditseffectsonhispoliticaltactics,whicharealsodescribedwithinthe
source.TheauthorofthisarticlealsoelaboratesontheconvolutednatureofthelegacyofJoseph
Stalin,andthereasonswhyitmaybeasconvolutedasitwas,andstillcurrentlyis.Thoughminimal
informationprovidedwithinthisarticlewasnew,itwasundeniablybeneficialtohaveitstatedbyyet
anotherscholar,withapresumablydifferentperspectiveoneventsinSoviethistory.Lastly,thequality
ofthissource,asitoriginatedfromahighlycredibledatabase,wasoutstanding,andthereforewillbe
featuredwithinthepagesofmyfinalproject.
Rotnem,ThomasE."JosephStalin."
SalemPressBiographicalEncyclopedia
(2013):
Research
Starters
.Web.8Dec.2014.
Thissourceisadatabasearticlethatisdisplayedintheformatofa
relativelybasicbiography,thoughitallowedmetolearntheimpactsandlegaciesofStalinist

leadership,inadditiontoprovidinginformationthatsolidifiedthecredibilityofprevioussourcesthat
explainedsimilardetails.

Videos
FootagefromInfamousMoscowShowTrial
.
YouTube
.User"Pierrot'sVideo",28June2009.Web.6
Dec.2014.
ThisisavideothatdescribeshowtheMoscowShowTrialsoperated,includingfootageof
andquotationsfromthoseinvolved.Iidentifiedthissourceassecondary,though,asthesourceswere
compiledandpublishedrecently,andthecreator,whileutilizingseveralprimaryresourcesinthe
developmentofthisvideo,seemedtodosomerelytosupportthestatementsmadewithintheir
source.Thisvideoeffectivelyprovidedmewithadeeperandmorethoroughunderstandingofthe
MoscowTrialsandhowtheyoperated.
JosephStalinTheSecretPolice
.
Bio.com
.Biography.com,Web.6Dec.2014.
Thisisavideo
describingthepurposeoftheGreatTerror,aswellastheprocessofandmethodsemployedduring
thepurges,whichprovidedbaselinefactsandinformationtoassistmeinmyresearch.Thissource
alsosuppliedquotesfromtwoindividualswhowerecloselyconnectedtotheGreatTerrorand
Stalinistleadershipatitsculmination,whichprovidedvaluableinsightintothetopic.
Khrushchev'sSecretSpeech
.
Pbs.org
.YouTube,16Dec.2014.Web.21Feb.2015.
Thisisavideothat
explainsthestrongimpactthatNikitaKhrushchevsspeechOntheCultofPersonalityandits
ConsequenceshadonSovietsocietyandinternationalrelations.Inthecreationofthissource,the
authorincludedinterviewswithandpersonalaccountsofindividualswhohadexperiencedthespeech
oritsresult,whichwereparticularlybeneficialinmyresearch,astheyprovidedadeeperandmore
thoroughunderstandingoftheeffectsofJosephStalinscultofpersonalityandtheSecretSpeech
itself.Becauseofthis,Iwillundoubtedlypresentpiecesofthisvideowithinthepagesofmyfinal
project.
RussiaRemembersStalin'sPurges
.
YouTube
.RTGlobalNewsChannel,13June2007.Web.6Dec.
2014.
ThisisavideothatdescribesthecausesofandeventsthatoccurredduringtheGreatTerror,in
additiontodisplayinganddescribingvariousbuildingsthatplayedasignificantroleinthesepurgesas

theystillcurrentlystandandoperate,whichwillbeespeciallyhelpfulinbuildingastrongsenseof
historicalcontextandsignificancethroughmyresearchinprovidinginformationregardingtheimpact
andlegacyofJosephStalin.Thissourcealsoincludesquotesfromexpertsandcontemporariesofthe
GreatTerror,withthelatterbeingespeciallypowerfulandprovidingadeeperinsightintotheeffectsof
thePurges,whichwillbebeneficialtomyresearchprocessaswell.
StalininColourHDDocumentary
.SmithsonianChannel,2013.
YouTube
.User"NewDocumentaries
HD",10Nov.2014.Web.26Mar.2015.
Thisisadocumentarythatprovidesanindepthanalysis
anddescriptionofthelifeandleadershipofJosephStalin.ThoughlittleinformationthatIwasnot
previouslyawareofwaspresentedwithinthisdocumentary,thesourceeffectivelysolidifiedmyprior
understandingofthemotivationandreasoningbehindtheactionsofJosephStalin,aswellasthe
impactsofsuchactions,whichIconsideredtobequitevaluable.Inadditiontoanauthorsnarration,
thissourceincludeshighqualityarchivalfootageofJosephStalinandtheSovietUnion,aswellas
quotationsfromeminentPartymembers,Sovietgovernmentofficials,Russianwriters,andJoseph
Stalinhimself.Thisdocumentary,withitsdetailandsourcecontent,makesatrulyprofoundstatement
regardingthenatureofJosephStalinsleadershipwhichIamaimingtodowithmyprojectand
therefore,excerptsfromthissourcewillundoubtedlybedisplayedwithinthepagesofmywebsite.
Stalin'sPurges
.
History.com
.Web.6Dec.2014.
ThisisavideothatbrieflydescribestheGreatTerror,
alsoexplainingsomeofitsimpactsonthegeneralcitizensoftheSovietUnionaswellasthe
performanceofthecountrysarmedforces,whichhelpedmetomaketheconnectionbetweenthe
researchcategoriesofHeartandImpactinadditiontoacquiringarelativelybaselineknowledgeof
theGreatTerrorandtheatrocitiescommittedunderStalinistleadershipduringthisperiod.Also,the
sourceprovidedpowerfulandmovingimagesandvideoswithinitselfwhichwilldefinitelybevaluable
inthecreationofmyfinalprojecttoprovemythesisstatement.

Interviews
Hochschild,Adam.Emailinterview.5Mar.2015.
Thisisanemailinterviewthatwasconductedby
myselfinmyprocessofresearch.TheintervieweewasAdamHochschild,alecturerattheUniversity

ofCaliforniaBerkeley,andtheauthorofTheUnquietGhost:RussiansRememberStalin,abookthat
Ireadandlearnedfromduringmyresearchprocess.Ratherthantofillingaps,thepurposeofthis
interviewwastogainanewinsightandperspectiveontheleadershipandlegacyofJosephStalin,
whichIundoubtedlydid.
Interview:SergeiKhrushchevandVassilyAksyonovRemembertheDeathin1953ofSovietLeader
JosefStalin."
WeekendEditionSaturday
1Mar.2003.
LiteratureResourceCenter
.Web.18Jan.
2015.
Thisisaninterview,conductedbyNPRNews,withSergeiK
hrushchev,NikitaKhrushchevs
son,andVasilyAksyonov,aRussiannovelist,bothofwhomhadvaryingbackgrounds,experiences
andopinionsofStalinistleadership.Thediscrepancybetweenthesetwomenallowedmetoviewtwo
separateopinionsofJosephStalinforthepurposeofdevelopinganunbiasedapproachtonarrate
eventsinSoviethistory,whichiscrucialincreatingagoodNHDproject.Forthisreason,Iammost
likelygoingtoincorporatequotationsfromthissourcewithinthepagesofmywebsite.
Khrushcheva,Nina.
TalkoftheNation
.TheOpinionPage.Rec.13Feb.2006.NPR,2006.MP3.
Thisis
aNationalPublicRadiointerviewwithNinaKhrushcheva,granddaughterofNikitaKhrushchev,which
regardsKhrushchevsSecretSpeech,deStalinization,andthereemergenceofJosephStalinasa
positiveleaderinRussianhistory.Thissource,includingactualstatementsmadebyarelativeofa
pivotalfigureinSoviethistory,wasincrediblyvaluableinmyresearch,asitprovidedanotherinsight
intodeStalinizationandthecurrentStalinquestioninRussia,whichisinformationthatcanbe
presentedtosupportthetopicofJosephStalinsimpactandlonglastinglegacyonhiscitizenswithin
thepagesofmywebsite.Thisinterviewwasalsoconductedthroughareliablesource,whichmade
mecertainthatitwascredible.ThroughthissourceIalsogainedanunderstandingofadditional
individualswhomaypossessknowledge,orjustanopinion,onthelegacyofJosephStalin,which
wasadvantageousformypurposeofresearchaswell.
Wolfe,Thomas.Emailinterview.4Feb.2015.
Thisisanemailinterviewthatwasconductedbymyselfin
myprocessofresearch.TheintervieweewasThomasWolfe,an'AssociateProfessor'ofhistoryatthe
UniversityofMinnesota,whospecializesinmanysubjects,includingtheSovietUnionand

postcommunistRussia,bothofwhichIconsideredtobevaluableperspectivesthatcouldassistinthe
developmentofmyproject.